Chapter 11 of 23 · 1418 words · ~7 min read

CHAPTER XXXIX

CYCADOPHYTA (+Fronds+). Pp. 507–591.

I. +Bennettitales+ 512–566 =Ptilophyllum= 512–529; =Zamites= 529–537; =Otozamites= 537–545; =Dictyozamites= 546–548; =Pterophyllum= 548–558; =Cycadites= and =Pseudocycas= 558–566.

II. +Nilssoniales+ 566–587 =Nilssonia= 566–578; =Ctenis= 578–583; =Pseudoctenis= 584–587.

III. +Incertae sedis+ 587–591 =Sphenozamites= 587–589; =Plagiozamites= 589, 590; =Cycadorachis= 590, 591.

+List of Works referred to in the Text+ (Vols. III & IV). 592–639

+Index+ 640–656

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Several of the illustrations are printed from blocks for which I am indebted to learned societies or to individuals. The sources from which clichés were obtained are mentioned within square brackets. The names of donors of photographs or drawings are added after the descriptions of the figures.

+Frontispiece.+ Charles René Zeiller. From a photograph given to me by Madame Zeiller.

FIG. PAGE

377. _Cycas circinalis_. A. Malins Smith 2

378. _Cycas revoluta_. [G. R. Wieland.] 3

379. _Encephalartos horridus_ 3

380. _Cycas circinalis_. [Encyclopaedia Britannica.] 4

381. _Cycas revoluta_ and _Zamia Loddigesii_ 5

382. _Encephalartos Ghellinckii_. [Camb. Phil. Soc.] 11

383. _Cycas siamensis_. [Encyclopaedia Britannica.] 12

384. _Cycas circinalis_ 13

385. _Cycas Micholitzii_ and _Zamia angustifolia_ 14

386. _Encephalartos Altensteinii_; _Dioon edule_. S. M. Wadham. 15

387. Cycadean Fronds 16

388. _Zamia Wallisii_ 17

389. _Zamia integrifolia_. [Camb. Univ. Press.] 18

390. _Zamia Loddigesii_ 18

391. _Bowenia spectabilis_. [Encyclopaedia Britannica.] 20

392. _Cycas pectinata_, _C. Riuminiana_, _C. angulata_, _Encephalartos_, and _Stangeria_ 21

393. _Stangeria_, _Encephalartos_, and _Ceratozamia_ 22

394. _Macrozamia Preissii_. [Camb. Univ. Press.] 23

395. _Zamia floridana_. [G. R. Wieland.] 24

396. _Dioon edule_, _Cycas circinalis_, etc., _Encephalartos_, _Bowenia_, _Macrozamia_, _Microcycas_ 26

397. _Stangeria paradoxa_. [New Phytologist; A. G. Tansley.] 29

398. _Macrozamia_ 29

399. Cycadean foliar bundles 31

400. _Cycas Micholitzii_. [Camb. Phil. Soc.] 33

401. _Lyginodendron Landsburgii_. R. Kidston 37

402. _Lyginopteris oldhamia_. [Camb. Phil Soc.] 39

403–405. _Lyginopteris oldhamia_ 41, 44, 48

406. _Lyginopteris oldhamia_. F. W. Oliver 49

407. _Crossotheca Hoeninghausi_. R. Kidston and other sources 53

408. _Lagenospermum Sinclairi_; _Lagenostoma_; _Calymmatotheca Stangeri_; _Crossotheca Hoeninghausi_ 57

409. _Lagenostoma_ 58

410. _Lyginopteris oldhamia_ 69

411, 412. _Heterangium Grievii_ 73, 76

413. _Sphenopteris elegans_ 78

414. _Sphaerostoma ovale_ 79

415. _Heterangium Grievii_; _H. tiliaeoides_; _Lyginopteris_ root 82

416. _Medullosa_ (stem-anatomy) 92

417. _Medullosa centrofilis_ 96

418. _Myeloxylon radiatum_; _Medullosa stellata_; _M. Leuckarti_ 103

419. _Medullosa Leuckarti_ 104

420. _Myeloxylon radiatum_; _Medullosa anglica_, and _Medullosa_ sp. 107

421. _Potoniea adiantiformis_; _Linopteris obliqua_; _Neuropteris heterophylla_ 111

422. _Neuropterocarpus Kidstoni_. [Edinburgh Royal Society.] 114

423–426. _Trigonocarpus Parkinsoni_ 118, 120, 121

427. _Codonotheca caduca_. [New Phytologist.] 125

428. _Whittleseya elegans_; _W. brevifolia_ 128

429. _Whittleseya elegans_ 130

430–432. _Dolerophyllum Goepperti_ 133, 134, 137

433. _Ottokaria bengalensis_. [Indian Geol. Survey.] 140

434. _Strobilites Milleryensis_ 141

435, 436. _Colpoxylon aeduense_ 143

437, 438. _Rhexoxylon africanum_ 146, 148

439, 440. _Sutcliffia insignis_ 150, 151

441. _Steloxylon Ludwigii_ 163

442. _Pecopteris Pluckeneti_ 167

443. _Eremopteris artemisaefolia_; _Samaropsis acuta_ 170

444. _Samaropsis acuta_. R. Kidston 171

445. _Wardia fertilis_ 172

446–448. _Megaloxylon Scotti_. [Camb. Phil. Soc.] 176–178

449, 450. _Rhetinangium Arberi_. W. T. Gordon 182

451. _Stenomyelon tuedianum_ 183

452. _Stenomyelon tuedianum_. R. Kidston 185

453. _Ptychoxylon Levyi_; _Cycadoxylon Fremyi_; _C. robustum_ 188

454, 455. _Calamopitys Saturni_. M. Zalessky 191, 192

456. _Kalymma grandis_ 195

457. _Eristophyton fasciculare_ 197

458. _Eristophyton Beinertianum_. M. Zalessky 199

459. _Cladoxylon mirabile_; _C. dubium_; _C. taeniatum_; _Syncardia pusilla_ 202

460. _Cladoxylon Kidstoni_; _C. mirabile_ 206

461. _Völkelia refracta_ 209

462. _Protopitys Buchiana_ 211

463. _Poroxylon Edwardsii_. C. E. Bertrand and F. W. Oliver 216

464. _Poroxylon Edwardsii_; _P. Boysseti_. C. E. Bertrand 218

465. _Cordaites_ leaf. (_C. Felicis._) R. Kidston 228

466. _Cordaites principalis_; _Artisia transversa_. R. Kidston 231

467. _Cordaites lingulatus_ 234

468. _Cordaites_ (_Rhizo-Cordaites_); _Cordaites circularis_; _Cordaites_ sp. cf. _C. Lacoei_; _C. crassifolius_ 237

469. _Cordaites aequalis_; _C. Clerci_. M. Zalessky 239

470. _Cordaites_ (_Noeggerathiopsis_) _Hislopi_. G. R. Wieland. 241

471. _Cordaites_ (_Noeggerathiopsis_) _Hislopi_. [Geological Society.] 241

472. _Cordaites_ (_Noeggerathiopsis_) _Hislopi_. [Geol. Surv. India.] 242

473. _Cordaites_ stem 246

474, 475. _Dadoxylon materiarum_ 257

476. _Dadoxylon Pedroi_ 259

477. _Cordaites_ root 262

478. _Cordaites?_ root. T. N. Leslie 263

479. _Cordaianthus_. F. E. Weiss 265

480. _Cordaianthus Pitcairniae_; _C. Volkmanni_ 266

481. _Cordaianthus Grand’Euryi_; _C. Williamsoni_; _C. Zeilleri._ C. E. Bertrand 268

482. _Cordaianthus microsporangia_ 270

483. _Mesoxylon Sutcliffii_ 272

484. _Pelourdea vogesiaca_. [Geologists’ Assoc.] 279

485. _Titanophyllum Grand’Euryi_ 284

486, 487. _Pitys antiqua_ 286, 287

488. _Pitys primaeva_ 288

489. _Callixylon Trifilievi_. M. Zalessky 292

490. _Mesopitys Tchihatcheffi_ 296

491. _Antarcticoxylon Priestleyi_ 298

492. Diagram of a synthetic type of seed 303

493. _Lagenostoma ovoides_; _L. Lomaxi_; _Physostoma elegans_; _Telangium Scotti_; _Stephanospermum akenioides_ 311

494. _Stephanospermum akenioides_; _Conostoma oblonga_; _Gnetopsis elliptica_; _Physostoma elegans_; _Mitrospermum compressum_ 314

495. _Polypterospermum Renaultii_; _Ptychotesta tenuis_; _Polylophospermum stephanense_; _Hexapterospermum stenopterum_; _Diplotesta avellana_; _D. Grand’Euryana_; _Taxospermum Grüneri_ 322

496. _Pachytesta incrassata_; _Polypterocarpus anglicus_ 324

497. _Pachytesta_ 325

498. _Codonospermum olivaeforme_; _Aetheotesta elliptica_ 330

499. _Samaropsis emarginata_ 337

500. _Cardiocarpus drupaceus_ var. _expansus_ 339

501. _Cardiocarpus sclerotesta_; _Rhabdocarpus cyclocaryon_ 340

502. _Samaropsis fluitans_; _S. emarginata_; _S. bicaudata_; _S. Seixasi_; _S. barcellosa_; _S. Newberryi_; _Cordaicarpus Cordai_ 350

503. _Samaropsis Leslii_ 352

504. _Samaropsis Milleri_. [Geol. Surv. India.] 353

505. _Cordaicarpus Cordai_ 355

506. _Holcospermum sulcatum_; _Codonospermum anomalum_; _Diplopterotesta spitzbergensis_; _Gnetopsis elliptica_; _Thysanotesta sagittula_; _Rhynchogonium costatum_; _Boroviczia Karpinskii_; _Hexagonocarpus Noeggerathi_; _Rhabdospermum tunicatum_ 359

507. _Cycadeoidea marylandica_. [G. R. Wieland.] 373

508, 509. _Cycadeoidea Wielandi_ [G. R. Wieland.] 375, 376

510. _Cycadeoidea_ sp. 377

511. _Cycadeoidea Gibsoniana_ 377

512. _Cycadeoidea ingens_. [G. R. Wieland.] 378

513–515. _Cycadeoidea_. [G. R. Wieland.] 380–383

516. _Cycadeoidea Dartoni_ 384

517–523. _Cycadeoidea Gibsoniana_ 387–394

524–527. _Cycadeoidea_ (_Bennettites_) _Morierei_. [O. Lignier.] 397–402

528–532. _Cycadeoidea dacotensis_. [G. R. Wieland.] 404–408

533. _Cycadeoidea colossalis_. [G. R. Wieland.] 410

534. _Cycadeoidea Reichenbachiana_. [A. Rothpletz.] 411

535–537. _Cycadeoidea gigantea_. [Geological Soc.] 413, 414

538. _Cycadeoidea micromyela_ 415

539. _Cycadeoidea Jenneyana_ (_?_) [G. R. Wieland.] 416

540. _Vectia luccombensis_. [Trustees of the British Museum.] 419

541–543. _Williamsonia gigas_ 424–427

544. _Williamsonia gigas_. [Yorkshire Nat. Union.] 428

545. _Williamsonia gigas_. A. G. Nathorst. 429

546, 547. _Williamsonia gigas_ 430, 431

548. _Williamsonia gigas_. O. Lignier. 432

549, 550. _Williamsonia gigas_. [Cambridge Phil. Soc.] 435, 436

551. _Williamsonia spectabilis_. A. G. Nathorst. 437

552. _Williamsonia spectabilis_. [Geological Soc.] 438

553, 554. _Williamsonia Leckenbyi_. A. G. Nathorst. 439, 440

555, 556. _Williamsonia whitbiensis_. A. G. Nathorst. 441

557. _Williamsonia_ sp. [Indian Geol. Survey.] 444

558. _Williamsonia Blandfordi_. [Indian Geol. Survey.] 446

559. _Williamsonia Carruthersi_ 447

560. _Williamsonia Bucklandi_ 449

561. _Williamsonia scotica_ 450

562–564. _Williamsonia scotica_. [Royal Society.] 451–453

565. _Williamsonia spectabilis_; _W. whitbiensis_; _W. mexicana_ 459

566, 567. _Wielandiella angustifolia_ 463, 464

568. _Wielandiella angustifolia_. A. G. Nathorst. 466

569–573. _Williamsoniella coronata_. [Royal Society.] 468–471

574. _Cycadocephalus Sewardi_. A. G. Nathorst. 474

575. _Bucklandia anomala_ 482

576. _Bucklandia Milleriana_ 484

577. _Bucklandia Yatesii_ 485

578. _Bucklandia buzzardensis_. [Trustees of the British Museum.] 486

579. _Bucklandia indica_. [Trustees of the British Museum.] 488

580, 581. _Colymbetes Edwardsi_ 492, 493 [Trustees of the British Museum.]

582, 583. _Cycadolepis_ sp. 495

584, 585. _Carpolithus conicus_ 498 [Trustees of the British Museum.]

586. _Beania gracilis_. [W. G. Carruthers.] 502

587. _Ptilophyllum pecten_. [Trustees of the British Museum.] 513

588, 589. _Ptilophyllum pecten_ 514, 516 [Geological Surv. India.]

590. _Ptilophyllum pecten_ and _Williamsonia Blandfordi_ 517 [Geological Surv. India.]

591. _Ptilophyllum cutchense_. [Geological Society.] 518

592. _Ptilophyllum pecten_ 519

593. _Ptilophyllum pecten_. [Geological Society.] 519

594. _Ptilophyllum pecten_ 520

595. _Ptilophyllum pecten_ 523

596. _Ptilophyllum pecten_. [Trustees of the British Museum.] 523

597. _Ptilophyllum boreale_. A. G. Nathorst. 526

598. _Ptilophyllum antarcticum_; _P. Anderssoni_ 527

599. _Zamites gigas_. [Encyclopaedia Britannica.] 533

600. _Zamites recta_ 534

601. _Zamites Buchianus_; _Z. Carruthersi_; _Z. Zitteli_ 535

602. _Zamites Buchianus_ 536

603. _Otozamites Goeppertianus_; _O. Bechei_ 538

604. _Otozamites Bechei_ 539

605. _Otozamites Bechei_ 541

606. _Otozamites Beani; O. Bunburyanus_ [Encyclopaedia Britannica.] 542

607. _Otozamites bengalensis._ [Geological Surv. India.] 542

608. _Otozamites Kliptsteini._ [Geological Society.] 545

609. _Dictyozamites Hawelli_ 548

610. _Pterophyllum Jaegeri_ 549

611. _Pterophyllum Nilssoni; Nilssonia mediana_ 551

612. _Pterophyllum Fayoli_ 552

613. _Pterophyllum Braunianum_ 554

614. _Pterophyllum Nathorsti; Nilssonia tenuicaulis_ 556 [Royal Society of Scotland.]

615. _Pterophyllum Nilssoni_ [Trustees of the British Museum.] 557

616. _Pterophyllum Lyellianum_ [Trustees of the British Museum.] 557

617. _Pseudocycas insignis_ 562

618. _Pseudocycas Saportae._ [Encyclopaedia Britannica.] 564

619. _Nilssonia pterophylloides; N. brevis; N. polymorpha_ 567

620. _Nilssonia brevis; N. saighensis_ 570

621. _Nilssonia rajmahalensis._ [Geological Surv. India.] 571

622. _Nilssonia compta._ [Trustees of the British Museum.] 574

623. _Nilssonia princeps._ [Geological Surv. India.] 577

624, 625. _Ctenis_ sp. [Manchester Phil. Lit. Society.] 579

626. _Ctenis sulcicaulis_ 583

627. _Pseudoctenis eathiensis_ [Trustees of the British Museum.] 584

628. _Sphenozamites Rochei_ 588

629. _Sphenozamites Belli._ [Trustees of the British Museum.] 588