chapter v

., p. 122, of _Ancient Rome_, I have attributed these _graffiti_ to the second half of the first century; but after a careful examination of the structure of the wall, on the plaster of which they are scratched, I am convinced that they must have been written towards the end of the second century.

[8] Orelli, 4024, _Digest L._, iv. 18, 7.

[9] See Ulpian: _De officio Procons._, i. 3.

[10] Lampridius, _Heliog._, 3.

[11] See Greppo: _Mémoire sur les laraires de l'empereur Alexandre Sevère_.

[12] The name of the villa was _Cassiacum_; its memory has lasted to the present age. See the memoir of Luigi Biraghi, _S. Agostino a Cassago di Brianza._ Milano, 1854.

[13] See _Bullettino di archeologia cristiana_, 1865, p. 50.

[14] It contains the words PETRO LILLVTI PAVLO. They are surely genuine and ancient. I examined them in company with Mommsen, Jordan, and de Rossi, and they attributed them to the beginning of the third century of our era. The best suggestion regarding their origin is that they belong to a person, probably Christian, who used the name Petrus as _gentilitium_, and Paulus as _cognomen_, and who was the son of Lillutus, however barbaric this last name may sound.

[15] See de Rossi: _Bullettino di archeologia cristiana_, 1863, p. 49.--Rohault de Fleury: _L'arc de triomphe de Constantin_, in the _Révue archéologique_, Sept. 1863, p. 250.--W. Henzen: _Bullettino dell' Instituto_, 1863, p. 183.

[16] See Bibliography, p. 1. The title of the book may be translated thus: _On the pagan and profane objects transferred to churches for their use and adornment_.

[17] The two busts of S. Peter and S. Paul, described in Cancellieri's book, _Memorie storiche delle sacre teste dei santi apostoli Pietro e Paolo_, Roma, Ferretti, 1852 (second edition), were stolen by the French revolutionists in 1799.

[18] See _Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum_, part VI., No. 351.

[19] In the Byzantine period this church and the adjoining monastery were called _casa Barbara patricia_. They are now comprised within the cloisters of S. Antonio all' Esquilino, on the left side of S. Maria Maggiore.

[20] These incrustations, and the basilica to which they belong, have been illustrated by Ciampini: _Vetera monumenta_, vol. i. plates xxii.-xxiv.--D'Agincourt: _Histoire de l'art, Peinture_, pl. xiii. 3.--Minutoli: _Ueber die Anfertigung und die Nutzanwendung der färbigen Gläser bei den Alten_, pl. iv.--De Rossi: _La basilica di Giunio Basso_, in the _Bullettino di archeologia cristiana_, 1871, p. 46.

[21] See Andrea Amoroso: _Le basiliche cristiane di Parenzo._ Parenzo, Coana, 1891.--Mommsen: _Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum_, vol. v. part i. nos. 365-367.

[22] See Lovatelli: _I labirinti e il loro simbolismo nell' età di mezzo_, in the _Nuova Antologia_, 16 Agosto, 1890.--Arné: _Carrelages émaillés du moyen âge_.--Eugène Müntz: _Etudes iconographiques et archéologiques sur le moyen âge_.

[23] See Pietro Pericoli: _Lo spedale di S. Maria della Consolazione_. Imola Galeati, p. 64.

[24] Published in two volumes with the title: _Indicazione delle immagini di Maria, collocate sulle mura esterne di Roma._ Ferretti, 1853.

[25] The inscription, after all, was very mild in comparison with the violent formula imposed upon Alexander VII. It read: "In memory of the absolution given by Clement VIII. to Henry IV. of France and Navarre, September 17, 1595."

[26] The amphora corresponds to 26.26 litres; the metreta to 39.39 litres; the modius to 8.75 litres. The pound, divided into twelve ounces, corresponds to 327.45 grammes, a little more than 11½ English ounces.

[27] See _Antichi pesi inscritti del museo capitolino_, in the _Bullettino della commissione archeologica comunale di Roma_, 1884, p. 61, pls. vi., vii.

[28] See de Rossi: _Bullettino di archeologia cristiana_, 1864, p. 57.

[29] See _Acta purgationis Cæciliani_, post Optati opp. ed Dupin, p. 168.

[30] _Confess._ vi. 2.

[31] See Gaetano Marini: _Iscrizioni doliari_, p. 114, n. 279.--Giuseppe Gatti: _La lex horreorum_, in the _Bullettino della commissione archeologica comunale di Roma_, 1885, p. 110.

[32] The place was called _in tribus fatis_, from the three statues of sibyls described by Pliny, _H.N._ xxxiv. See _Goth._ i. 25.

[33]

"Sank into the great flower, that is adorned With leaves so many, and thence reascended To where its love abideth evermore." _Longfellow's Translation._

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