D.

Dacre, Thomas, Lord Dacre of the North, 156, 157, 247 _n_. Dante, 29. Darcy, Thomas, Baron Darcy, 305, 353-355, 357. Deal, 385. Denmark, 312. Denny, Sir Anthony, 424. Deptford, 126. Derby, Earl of. _See_ Stanley, Thomas. Dereham, Francis, 398, 403. Derknall, Robert, 260 _n_. D'Ewes, Giles, 20 and _note_, 21. Dinteville, Francois de, Bishop of Auxerre, 280. Dispensation, papal power of, 173, 174, 176, 193, 207-209, 212, 213, 218, 219, 284, 344; transferred to Cranmer, 320, 346. Divorce, the law of, 173 _n_, 208, 218, 219, 344, 345, 395. ------- of Catherine of Aragon, first suggestion of, 76, 173, 176, 197 and _note_; origin of, 173; causes of, 179, 183, 186; motives for, 177-179, 189; Wolsey's attitude towards, 204, 205; commission to try, 214 _sqq._, 214 _n_; its influence on the Reformation, 232, 238, 428; disliked by the people, 250, 251; decision of the Universities, 283, 284, 296, 358; its injustice to Catherine, 192, 193; sentence of divorce, 187. ------- of Anne Boleyn, 344. ------- of Anne of Cleves, 395. ------- other instances of, 199, 200, 209 _n_, 212. Dodieu, Claude, 196. Doncaster, 356. Doria, 216. Dorset, Marquis of. _See_ Grey, Sir Thomas. Douglas, Archibald, sixth Earl of Angus, 88, 200. Dourlens, 157. Dover, 139, 140, 375. ----- Castle, 16, 375. Drogheda, Parliament of, 18. Du Bellay, John, Bishop of Bayonne, 185 _n_, 196, 197, 203 _n_, 223-225, 237, 244, 246, 273, 282 _n_, 284, 295 _n_, 319. Dublin, 9, 367. Dubois, Pierre, 329. Dudley, Edmund, 2 _n_, 44, 48. ------ John, Viscount Lisle, afterwards Duke of Northumberland, 261, 408, 414, 430. Dunkirk, 281. Dunstable, 300, 302. Du Prat, Cardinal Antoine, 145. Durham, Bishopric of, 318. ------ Bishops of. _See_ Ruthal, Thomas; Tunstall, Cuthbert. Dymock, Sir Robert, 46.

E.

Edinburgh, 69, 413. --------- Duke of, 18 _n_. Education under Henry VII., 19, 20. Edward I., 37, 187. ------ III., 180, 182, 346. ------ IV., beheads Owen Tudor, 5; his right to the throne, 7; his descendants and their claims, 8, 9, 181, 183, 305, 314; his daughter Elizabeth marries Henry VII., 13; his tastes, 15, 39; his marriage pronounced void, 306. ------ VI., birth at Greenwich, 16, 360, 361; forward as a pupil, 19, 267; proposed marriage of, 348, 362, 408, 409, 415; his claim to the throne, 349; his early death, 12; homilies printed in his reign, 417. ------ Earl of Warwick, 9, 11, 179. Eleanor, daughter of Philip of Burgundy, Queen of Portugal, 26, 168, 196, 197 _n_. Elizabeth, Queen, born at Greenwich, 16, 300, 301; forward as a pupil, 19; foundress of Jesus College, Oxford, 21 _n_; contended for the supremacy of the State, 233; arbitrary with Parliament, 263, 329; pronounced illegitimate, 343 and _note_, 348 and note; claim to the throne, 348 _n_; other references to, 35, 191, 267, 304, 411. --------- of York, married to Henry VII., 13; described by Erasmus, 20. Ely, Bishop of. _See_ West, Nicholas. --- Bishopric of, 318. Embrun, 86. Emmanuel, King of Portugal, 167. Emperors. _See_ Maximilian I. and Charles V. Empire, Holy Roman, 32, 101, 108. Empson, Sir Richard, 2 _n_, 44, 48. Enclosure movement, 119, 120, 256, 352. Erasmus, Desiderius, his description of Elizabeth of York, 20 and _note_; of Henry VIII., 22, 23, 40, 106, 122, 123, 125; other references to, 19 and _note_, 89, 115 _n_, 134, 183, 236. Essex, Earl of. _See_ Cromwell, Thomas. Este, Alfonso d', 153. ---- Isabella d', 135. Estrada, Duke of, 26. Etaples, Treaty of, 48, 75. Eton College, 426. Evers, William, Lord, 413. Exeter, Marquis of. _See_ Courtenay, Henry. ------ Bishops of. _See_ Fox, Richard; Coverdale, Miles.

F.

Falier, Ludovico, 179. Farnham, 370. Ferdinand of Aragon, his negotiations for Catherine's marriage, 11, 14, 26, 45, 47; claims Castile, 27; his methods of government, 37; advises Henry VIII., 43, 50; his schemes for the aggrandisement of his family, 50-52, 60; attacks the Moors, 55; makes peace with them and attacks France, 56; conquers Navarre, 57, 58; betrays Henry, 59-62; his duplicity, 61, 70, 72, 73; his death, 92; other references to, 28-30, 51 _n_, 52-54, 67, 75-77, 85, 88, 100, 105, 107, 145, 174-176, 179, 284, 351. --------- Archduke and Emperor, 51 and _note_, 52-54, 61 _n_, 71, 76, 94, 101. Ferrara, 100, 153, 159, 283. Ferrers, Sir Edward, 252 _n_. Ferrers' case, 258, 259. _Fidei Defensor_, 107, 126, 325. Field of Cloth of Gold, 141-143, 151, 294. First-fruits and Tenths, 324, 327, 336, 368. Fisher, John, Cardinal Bishop of Rochester, preaches Henry VII.'s funeral sermon, 43, 44; denounces Luther's books, 125; defends the validity of Catherine's marriage, 222, 236, 282; his treasonable practices, 282, 305; sent to the Tower, 324; attainted, 331-333; created Cardinal, 332; death, 333; other references to, 1 _n_, 50, 150, 279, 280, 287, 289, 319, 331 _n_, 350, 438. Fitzgerald, Gerald, eighth Earl of Kildare, 9, 11, 149, 305, 366, 367. Fitzroy, Henry, Duke of Richmond and Somerset, 183-185, 197, 213, 348. Fitzwilliam, Sir William, Earl of Southampton, 144, 146, 147, 157, 203, 254 _n_, 385, 389 _n_, 390, 393. Flanders, 52, 93, 140, 144, 223, 224, 308-311, 358, 359, 373. _See also_ Burgundy and Netherlands. Flodden Field, 49, 66, 80, 87, 200, 408. Florence, 51, 86, 226. Floyd's case, 259 _n_. Foix, Germaine de, 29, 100. ---- Odet de. _See_ Lautrec. Fox, Richard, Bishop of Exeter, afterwards Bishop of Winchester, baptises Henry VIII., 16; his fortunes linked with the Tudors, 48; chancellor of Cambridge, 49; founder of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 49; an intimate counsellor of Henry VIII., 49; retires to his diocese, 92; debates the legality of Henry's marriage, 174, 198; death, 117; other references to, 62, 98, 109, 114, 158, 159, 273. Foxe, Edward, Bishop of Hereford, 211, 214. ---- John, martyrologist, 191. France, unity of, 30, 31; Roman law in, 32; English antipathy to, 53; invasion of, 57, 60, 62-66; friendship with Venice, 61; truce with Venice, 60; war against, 64, 65; campaigns in, 68, 69; Suffolk's embassy to, 85; Wolsey's embassy to, 112, 144-146; treaty with England, 138; Henry's visit to, 140-143; war with Spain, 144; English pretence to the crown of, 149, 150, 158; suggested assembly of cardinals in, 201; alliance with England, 223; threatens Italy from the North, 51, 228, 229; other references to, 29, 108, 181, 204, 220, 370, 373, 393. ------ Catherine of. _See_ Catherine. ------ Kings of. _See_ Charles VIII., Francis I., Louis XI., Louis XII. Francis, Duke of Angouleme, afterwards Francis I. of France, description of, 39, 78; relations with Mary Tudor, 78-83; designs on Milan, 85, 86; omnipotence in Italy, 93; joins second League of Cambrai, 94; is deceived by Charles V., 96; his efforts to be elected Emperor, 98-104; rivalry with Charles V., 108, 312, 429; his pensions to Wolsey, 115, 116; his claim to Naples, 136; Wolsey's opposition to, 137 and _note_; is anxious for a personal interview with Henry VIII., 138, 139; meets Henry VIII. at the Field of Cloth of Gold, 141-143; his war with Charles V., 144-148; his immorality, 150, 186; his influence on the papal election, 154, 155; is convinced of English hostility, 156; English make war on, 157, 158; his defeat at Pavia, 30, 163, 164; signs Treaty of Madrid, 168; suggested marriage to Princess Mary, 195-197 _n_; his defeat at Landriano, 226; is appealed to by Wolsey, 247; his alliance with Charles V., 250; his meeting with Henry at Boulogne (1532), 294; disapproves of Henry's breach with the Church, 306; meditates fresh Italian schemes, 310, 351; his meeting with Clement at Marseilles (1533), 316; orders Pole to leave France, 359; his friendship with Charles V., 371, 381, 382, 392; his meeting with Charles V. and Paul III. (1538), 372; his breach with Charles V., 404, 405; intrigues with James V., 406, 409; his peace with Henry (1546), 412; his advice about Parliament, 436; other references to, 81, 88, 94, 97, 127, 129 _n_, 137, 151, 162, 163 _n_, 169, 173, 193, 216, 225, 280, 297, 302 _n_, 311, 315, 334, 349, 361, 369, 370, 376, 377, 383, 386, 393, 396. ------ Dauphin of France, 138, 143, 148. Frederick II., Emperor, 329. Frith, John, 272. Fuentarabia, 160.

G.

Gardiner, Stephen, Bishop of Winchester, goes to Rome to obtain a commission to try the divorce case in England, 214, 220; would be more powerful if he abandoned his order, 237, 273; his pocket-boroughs, 254 and _note_, 317, 390; secretary, 273; led the bishops in the House of Lords to reject the concessions made to the King by the Church, 293; retires to Winchester, 294; his opposition to the divorce, 306; on parliamentary liberties, 259; on the limits of Henry's power, 323 _n_, 330; encounters Barnes in a theological discussion, 394; patron of Catherine Howard, 397, 399; champion of the Catholic faith, 416, 418; other references to, 211, 259, 290, 316, 327 _n_, 336, 435 _n_. Gattinara, Mercurio, 147. Gatton, 253 and _note_. Gaunt, John of, 6, 180. Genoa, 51, 70, 71, 76, 147, 168. George, Duke of Clarence, 8, 18, 305, 314, 358, 373. Germany, 30-32, 69, 101, 104, 124, 139, 272, 311, 381, 382, 393, 418. Ghinucci, Girolamo, Bishop of Worcester, 202, 206, 207, 218, 318, 338. Giglis, Silvester de, Bishop of Worcester, 86, 229. Giustinian, Sebastian, Venetian ambassador, 67, 72, 77 _n_, 87, 88, 92, 97, 98, 102, 106, 108, 109 and _note_, 110-115, 118, 121, 127, 129, 132, 177, 181, 240. Gloucester, 40. Gordon, Lady Catherine, 11 and _note_. Grammont, Gabriel de, Bishop of Tarbes, 173, 195-197, 280, 281. Gravelines, 143. Greenwich, 15, 16, 22, 46, 83, 86, 134, 239, 300, 324, 385. Grey, Lady Jane, 19, 435. ---- Lord Leonard, 366, 367. ---- Thomas, second Marquis of Dorset, 37 _n_, 57. Guelders, 54, 144, 168, 383, 393. Guienne, 57, 58, 61, 62. Guildford, 389, 421. Guinegate, 64, 65. Guipuscoa, 57. Guisnes, 129, 140, 141, 375. Gustavus Vasa, King of Sweden, 238.

H.

Hadrian de Castello, Cardinal Bishop of Bath and Wells, 97, 112, 115. Hailes, Blood of, 380. Hales, John, 433 _n_. Halidon Rig, 407. Hamburg, 311. Hampton Court, 140, 239, 398, 410, 421. Harwich, 375. Henry II., 4, 271 and _note_, 275. ----- IV., 4, 6, 15, 180, 232. ----- IV. of Castile, 207. ----- V., 53, 66. ----- VI., 5, 7. ----- VII., his descent, 5-8; his birth, 7; His claim to the throne recognised by Parliament, 8, 13; Yorkist rivals to, 9; his sons and daughters, 13; marriage, 13; bestows Greenwich on his wife, 15; sends Arthur and Catherine to Ludlow Castle, 14; centralising policy, 17; Irish policy, 18; Renaissance under, 20; praised by Erasmus, 23; his theological conservatism, 24; proposes marriages for his children, 26; discusses Catherine's dower, 26; suggests marrying her himself, 27; entertains Philip of Burgundy, 27; designs on Castile, 28, 29; his suggested marriage with Margaret of Savoy, 28, 48; his methods of government, 36-38; last advice to his son, 43; death, 43; funeral and tomb, 44; his treasure, 149, 245, 246; other references to, 79, 80, 173, 178, 180, 182, 183, 232, 284, 374, 409, 426. ----- VIII., his descent and parentage, 5; birth, 15; baptised and said to have been destined for a clerical career, 16; offices and titles, 16, 17; his tutors, 20-22; his handwriting, 21; studies languages, 22; is visited by Erasmus, 22, 23; corresponds with Erasmus, 23; studies theology, 24; is devoted to music, 24; his minstrels, 24; his choristers and compositions, 25, 47; becomes heir-apparent and Duke of Cornwall, 25; created Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester, 25; suggested matrimonial alliances, 26; is betrothed to Catherine of Aragon, 27; protests against the marriage, 28; methods of government, 36; decay of the peerage under, 37; the ministers of, 38, 48-50; peaceful accession, 43; executes Dudley and Empson, 44; marriage to Catherine, 45, 46; coronation, 46, 48; intervenes in favour of Venice, 53; renews his father's treaties, 54; his first crusade, 55; joins Ferdinand against France, 56; unsuccessfully attacks Guienne, 57, 58; his league with Maximilian, 61 and _note_; his desertion by Ferdinand, 61-63; his success in France, 64-66; the pacific character of his reign, 67, 68; makes the Treaty of Lille, 69; his honesty, 72, 73; discovers duplicity of his allies, 73, 74; makes peace with France, 74, 75; his promotion of Charles Brandon, 80; anger at Brandon's marriage to Mary Tudor exaggerated, 82-84; rivalry with Francis I., 86, 87; claims title of "Protector of Scotland," 87, 88; is suggested as Emperor, 99, 102-104; allows Wolsey much power, 109 _sqq._; his services to the Papacy, 107; his book against Luther, 123-126; receives title of _Fidei Defensor_, 126; his political activity, 128-131; his meeting with Charles, 139, 140; his meeting with Francis at the Field of Cloth of Gold, 141-143; his second meeting with Charles, 143; his rights to the crown of France, 149, 158; his recourse to war loans, 164, 165; doubts the legality of his marriage with Catherine of Aragon, 173, 174, 195-199, 219; the premature death of his children, 174-177, 182; his passion for Anne Boleyn, 189-192; his conscience, 193, 194, 209, 218; his first steps towards divorce, 198-201; his justification for expecting divorce, 199, 200; licence to commit bigamy, 206; ceases to work in harmony with Wolsey, 203, 204; his canonical affinity to Anne Boleyn, 206-208, 344; is urged by Clement to settle the divorce for himself, 213; attends the Legates' Court in person, 221; praises Catherine, 221, 222; finds the impossibility of obtaining a favourable verdict at Rome, 226; breaks with Rome, 228, 231, 428, 429; appeals to a General Council, 230; contends for the supremacy of the State, 233; his support necessary to the Church, 238; makes peace with Charles, 224; reproves Wolsey, 242, 243; the difference between the results of his policy and Wolsey's, 244, 245; the difficulty of his position, 250; his divorce interwoven with the question of papal jurisdiction in England, 251; he summons Parliament, 251 _sqq._; his harmony with Parliament, 256, 261 _sqq._; his observance of the constitution and parliamentary privileges, 258, 430, 435, 436; his interest in Parliament, 263; encourages the Commons to bring complaints to him, 266; his recognition as "Supreme Head," 268, 286, 325, 328, 330 _n_, 331; is compared to Henry II., 271 and _note_; his anti-clerical bias, 272, 273, 285; his position between two parties, 276; decisions of the Universities, 283, 284, 288; his influence with Parliament, 284, 285, 287 _sqq._; meets Francis at Boulogne, 294; his marriage with Anne Boleyn, 295, 296, 300; Cranmer pronounces the divorce, 296, 300, 302; sentence of greater excommunication drawn up against him, 303; his treatment of Catherine, 303, 304; his position abroad, 305 _sqq._; closes the Staple at Calais, 308; his position at home, 313; his episcopal appointments, 318; his marriage to Catherine pronounced valid by Clement, 321; becomes more despotic, 322, 323; sends Fisher and More to the Tower, and the Friars Observants to the block, 324; position as Supreme Head of the Church, 325-330; executes Fisher and More, 331-334; rejoices at Catherine's death, 335; obtains the Statute of Uses, 336; orders a general visitation of the monasteries, 337-339; dissolves the monasteries and divides monastic spoils with the laity, 341; dislikes, divorces, and beheads Anne Boleyn, 343-346; marries Jane Seymour, 346, 347; power to bequeath the crown given him by Parliament (_see_ Acts of Succession), 348; his position strengthened by the death of Catherine and of Anne Boleyn, 349, 350; refuses to side against Francis I., 350, 351; deals with the Pilgrimage of Grace, 355; his answer to the rebels, 356; conference with Aske, 357; establishes Council of the North, 358; his relations with Cardinal Pole, 358, 359; his good fortune culminates in the birth of Edward VI., 360, 361; development of his intellect, 363, 364; completes the Union of England and Wales, 365, 366; establishes peace in Ireland, 367; thinks of marrying a French princess, 369, 370; and then of Christina of Milan, 370, 371; desecrates the shrine of St. Thomas, 372; is excommunicated by the Pope, 373; removes possible claimants to the throne, 374, 375; and takes other measures for defence, 375-377; issues the Ten Articles, 378, and _The Bishops' Book_, 379; permits the Bible in English and destroys images, 379, 380; and dissolves the greater monasteries, 381; issues a manifesto against the Pope's authority to summon a General Council, and enters into negotiations with the German princes, 381, 382; marries Anne of Cleves, 382-386; but remains a Catholic at heart, 387-389; and presses the Six Articles, 390; repudiates the German alliance, 393; ruins Cromwell, 394; and divorces Anne, 395; marries Catherine Howard, 398, 399; renews his alliance with Charles V. and represses heresy, 400; erects new bishoprics and endows new professorships, 401; executes the Countess of Salisbury and Catherine Howard, 403, 404; makes war on Scotland, renewing his feudal claims to that kingdom, 406 _sqq._; joins Charles V. against France, 409, 410; marries Catherine Parr, 410; invades France and captures Boulogne, 412; is deserted by Charles, and left to face alone the French invasion, 413; on its failure makes peace with France, 415; issues various religious proclamations and _The King's Book_, 416, 417; debases the coinage and appropriates the lands of chantries, 418, 419; his last speech to Parliament, 419, 420; his illness, 424; and death, 425; will and burial, 426. ----- ---- descriptions of, as a child, 19; on his accession, 39; by Mountjoy, 40; by Sir Thomas More, 48, 428; by Falier in 1529, 240; in 1541, 402. ----- ---- his popularity, 35, 38; his accomplishments, 22, 25, 39, 40, 239; his athletic prowess, 39-41, 95, 239; his display of wealth, 96; his love of pleasure in the beginning of his reign, 46-48; his morality, 185-187; his love of gambling, 241; his hasty temper, 132, 133; his hardening of character, 240, 323, 402; his affection for Mary, 304; his egotism, 427; his imperial ideas, 362-364; his piety, 105, 106, 274; his illnesses, 240 and _note_, 402, 424. ----- ---- gradual evolution of his character, 427, 428; causes of his dictatorship, 429; a constitutional king, 430; the typical embodiment of his age, 431; careful of law, but careless of justice, 435; use of Acts of Attainder, 436; imitates Tiberius, 436 _n_; illustrates the contrast between morals and politics, 437, 438; character of his aims, 439; comparison of the good and evil that he did, 439, 440. "Henry VIII." by Shakespeare, 110, 116 _n_, 197 _n_, 434 _n_. Henry of Navarre, 186. Herbert, Lord, of Cherbury, 16. Hereford, Bishops of. _See_ Foxe, Edward, and Bonner, Edmund. Hertford, Earl of. _See_ Seymour, Edward. Hildebrand, 233. Hobbes, Thomas, 433. Holbein, Hans, 140, 371, 384 and _note_. Holy League (of 1511), 55, 64, 88, 107. ---- ----- (of 1526), 168-170, 225. ---- Roman Empire. _See_ Empire. Horsey, Dr. William, Chancellor of London, 236 and _note_. Houghton, John, 331. Howard, Admiral Sir Edmund, 63. ------ Catherine. _See_ Catherine. ------ Henry, Earl of Surrey, poet, 21, 422, 423. ------ Thomas I., Earl of Surrey, afterwards second Duke of Norfolk, one of the four dukes in Henry VIII.'s reign, 2 _n_; Lord High Treasurer, 49; wins Flodden and is made Duke of Norfolk, 68, 80; his opinions on the imperial election, 102; his pensions, 116. ------ Thomas II., Earl of Surrey, afterwards third Duke of Norfolk, was one of the four dukes in Henry VIII.'s reign, 2 _n_; his military campaigns, 157, 413, 422; his relationship to Anne Boleyn, 203, 343 _n_; takes the seal from Wolsey, 246; his pocket-boroughs, 253; speaks of the "infinite clamours" against the Church, 271, 291; sent to the papal nuncio, 282; talks to Sir Thomas More of the fickleness of princes, 248; presides at Anne Boleyn's trial, 344; is sent to the North, 355, 357, 358 _n_, 407; mouthpiece of the King in Parliament, 391; his relationship to Catherine Howard, 397, 399, 416; possibility of ruling during Edward VI.'s minority, 421; is attainted, 423, 424. Hull, 357. Hungary, 51, 226 _n_. Hunne, Richard, 236 _n_. Hurst Castle, 375. Hussey, Sir John, Baron Hussey, 353. Hutton, John, 370.