M.

Macerata, Dr., 161. Machiavelli, Nicholas, 69, 276, 436 _n_, 440. Madrid, 68. ------ Treaty of, 168. Magna Carta, 35 and _note_, 271. Maidstone, 380. Mainz, Archbishop of, 100. Manners, Edward, third Earl of Rutland, 253 _n_. Mannock, Henry, 398, 403. Mantua, Marquis of, 86. Manuel, Don Juan, 154. Marck, Robert de la, 144, 168. Margaret of Burgundy, 9, 10, 51 _n_. -------- of Navarre, 370. -------- of Savoy, 27, 28, 45, 48, 65, 73, 80, 81, 89, 139, 224. -------- Tudor, Queen of Scotland, her children, 12, 13; visited as a child by Erasmus, 22; increases English influence in Scotland, 87, 88; divorce granted to, 200, 212; is lectured on her sinfulness by Henry, 209, 210; Mary's issue preferred to her's, 84, 348. Marguerite de Valois, 28, 146. Marignano, battle of, 86, 89, 132. Marillac, Charles de, 393-395, 397, 398, 403. Marny, Harry, Lord Marny, 50, 355. Marseilles, 162, 316. Marsiglio of Padua, 329 and _note_. Martyr, Peter, of Angera, 66, 176. Mary of Burgundy, daughter of Charles the Bold, 30, 51 _n_. ---- of Guise, 369. ---- Queen of England, her birth, 176; her claim to the throne, 179, 180, 309, 310, 312, 344, 348 _n_; proposed marriages for, 97, 138, 143, 146, 148, 156, 167, 168, 173, 177, 185, 195-197, 213, 305, 422; her legitimacy, 273, 300 _n_, 348; Henry's affection for, 304 and _note_; treatment of, 304, 347, 349; accession, 430; conscience of, 194; persecutions of, 401; childlessness 12; other references to, 261, 342. ---- Queen of Scots, 348, 362, 407-409, 415. ---- Regent of the Netherlands (sister of Charles V.), 344 _n_, 370. ---- Tudor, daughter of Henry VII., is visited as a child by Erasmus, 22; proposed marriages for, 26, 28, 29, 45, 65, 71-74; marriage to Louis XII., 74, 107, 188; her appearance, 78; her marriage to Suffolk, 78-85, 83 _n_; her children to succeed to the crown by Henry's will, before those of her elder sister Margaret, 84, 348; other reference to, 212. Mason, Sir John, 402, 432 _n_. Matilda, Empress, 179, 180. Matthew's Bible, 379. Maximilian I., Emperor, his designs on Castile, 28, 29; marries Mary of Burgundy, 30; the lands of, 51; his alliance with Henry, 61 and _note_; serves as a private soldier, 64, 65; signs the Treaty of Lille, 69; his intended attack on Venice, 70, 71; renews his truce with France, 70, 71; makes a secret treaty with Ferdinand, 72; his perfidy, 74; joins the Holy League, 88; his Milan expedition, 89-91, 93; shifts for money, 89-91; joins second League of Cambrai, 94; failing health, 98; death, 99; other references to, 51 _n_, 52, 53, 55, 56, 59, 69, 72, 73, 75, 77, 81, 101, 105, 108, 133. May Day Riots, 119, 135. Medici, Cardinal de. _See_ Clement VII. ------ Lorenzo de, 86. Melancthon, Philip, 396. Melfi, 215. Membrilla, 50. Memo, Dionysius, 25. Mendoza, Inigo de, Bishop of Burgos, imperial ambassador, 114 _n_, 132, 202, 203, 220. Michelet, Jules, 32, 36, 142 _n_. Milan, 51, 52, 61, 66, 70, 71, 75, 76, 78, 85, 86, 89-91, 93, 99, 101, 107, 108, 115, 116 _n_, 136, 147, 154, 155, 163, 168, 310, 351, 393, 404, 412. Military science in the sixteenth century, 68, 69. Modena, 153. Mohacz, battle of, 164, 312. Monarchy, mediaeval and modern, 29-32. Monasteries, condition of, 338-340; visitation of, 337 _sqq._; dissolution of, 339, 341, 342. Moncada, Hugo de, 170, 171, 215. Montdidier, 160. Montmorenci, Anne de, grand master of France, 203 _n_, 247 _n_. More, Sir Thomas, Lord Chancellor, 2, 273; visits Henry with Erasmus, 22, 23, 42; a friend of Richard Pace, 89; opposes the divorce, 293 _n_; resigns chancellorship, 294; anxious for peace, 158, 159; as Speaker, defends the liberty of the House of Commons, 165; his persecution of heretics, 194 and _note_; denounces Wolsey, 278; is sent to the Tower, 324; attainted, 331; refuses to acknowledge the royal supremacy, 332; death, 333; other references to, 110, 133, 150 and _note_, 236, 248, 293, 328, 331 _n_, 350, 428, 438. Morlaix, 157. Mortimer, Margaret, 199, 200. Mortimer's Cross, 5. Morton's fork, 49. Mountjoy, Lord. _See_ Blount, William. Muxetula, J.A., Spanish ambassador, 215.

N.

Najera, Abbot of, 163. Naples, 29, 51, 52, 71, 93, 100, 101, 104, 136, 147, 168, 215, 216, 225, 230 _n_, 380. Napoleon Bonaparte, 154. Nassau, Henry, Count of, 144. Navarre, 29, 57-59, 75, 85, 93, 96, 136, 144, 147, 148, 168. Navy, the, 57, 63, 109, 122, 126, 127, 157, 315, 369, 375. ---- the French, 145, 413. _Necessary Doctrine, The._ See _King's Book_. Nero, Henry VIII. compared to, 172. Netherlands, the, commercial treaty with, 27; Margaret of Savoy regent of, 27, 28, 65; joined to Austria, 30; aided by Henry, 54; armies in, 69; Charles assumes government of, 85; Maximilian joins Charles in, 93; wool-market of, 137, 299; protection of, 156; union with Spain, 181; executioners in, 344 _n_; other references to, 96, 104, 272, 370, 383, 393. _See also_ Burgundy and Flanders. Neville, George, third Baron Abergavenny, 305. ------- Sir John, 402. ------- John, Baron Latimer, 410. Newgate Prison, 5. Nice, 295, 372. Nix, Richard, Bishop of Norwich, 273, 319. Nonsuch Palace, 239. Norfolk, Dukes of. _See_ Howard. Normandy, 148, 150. Norris, Henry, 343, 345. Northumberland, Duke of. _See_ Dudley, John. -------------- Earl of. _See_ Percy, Henry. Norwich, Bishop of. _See_ Nix, Richard. Nottingham, 248. Novara, French defeat at, 66. Noyon, Treaty of, 93, 94, 147.

O.

Oatlands, 398, 421. Orleans, Louis d'. _See_ Longueville, Duc de. ------- Charles, Duc d', son of Francis I., 168. ------- 283. Ortiz, Dr. Pedro, Imperial ambassador, 305. Oxford, 9, 49, 123, 243, 254, 255, 274, 283, 334, 401. ------ Earl of. _See_ Vere.

P.

Pace, Richard, Dean of St. Paul's, his mission to Maximilian, 90, 91, 99; mission to the Electors, 102, 103; his treatment by Wolsey, 114 and _note_, 116, 129, 130, 155, 161; other references to, 77 _n_, 89, 121, 123, 124, 128, 152, 159, 230, 236, 237. Padua, 283, 329. Paget, William, first Baron Paget of Beaudesert, 194, 424. Papacy, the, its triumph over general councils, 174, 328; its corruption in sixteenth century, 154, 229; becomes increasingly Italian, 153, 226, 229, 230; Englishmen excluded from, 230; confusion of temporal and spiritual interests, 153, 228-231; its subservience to Charles V., 153, 169, 216, 224, 225. Papal Curia, 230, 294, 300. ----- powers of dispensation. _See_ Dispensation. Paris, 65, 68, 83 and _note_, 127, 141, 283, 358, 386, 411, 439. Parlement, the French, 436 _n_. Parliament, discredited by failure of Lancastrian experiment, 32-34; distrusted by Wolsey, 120, 235, 258; revived by Henry VIII. as an instrument of government, 236, 257, 264; Henry's treatment of, 258, 260, 262, 263 and _note_, 264-266; how far packed (in 1529, 1534, 1536, 1539), 252 _sqq._, 252 _n_, 260 and _note_, 261, 389, 390; elections and royal nominations to, 252, 261, 368, 389, 390; extensive powers of, 259 _n_; freedom of speech in, 235, 259, 260, 288; Strode and Ferrers' cases, 259; resists Wolsey's demands (1523), 165; independence under Henry VIII., 259 and _note_, 262, 264; refuses to grant taxes, 260; rejects Statutes of Wills and Uses, 262, 289, 293; rejects bill against Wolsey, 246, 278; rejects first draft of Proclamations Act, 391; refuses taxes, 246, 260, 289; criticises Henry's divorce, 259, 260, 289; modifies Government measures, 263 _n_; but supports Henry against the Church and the Papacy, 266, 267; complains of clerical exactions and jurisdiction, 235; and passes measures against them, 279, 289, 293; passes the Act of Annates, 289, 290; Act of Appeals, 298, 299, 319; Act of Supremacy, 325; Acts of Succession (_see_ Succession); other references to, 2, 8, 13, 35, 159, 166, 234, 238, 250, 257, 270, 272, 273, 284, 286, 313, 315 _n_, 329, 336, 337, 341, 348 and _note_, 392, 400, 401, 419-421, 427, 430. _See also_ Lords, House of, and Commons, House of. ---------- of Drogheda, 18. ---------- Irish, 367. Parr, Catherine. _See_ Catherine. Pasqualigo, 66, 73, 79, 86, 240. Passages, 57. Paston, John, 253 _n_. Paul III. publishes bull against Henry, 302; creates Fisher a cardinal, 332, 350; finds himself powerless to deprive Henry of his kingdom, 334; sends Pole to Flanders, 358, 372; other references to, 339, 361. Pavia, 154, 163, 169, 216, 283, 351. Peerage, decay of the, 37. Percy, Henry, Lord Percy, afterwards Earl of Northumberland, 188, 344. Pescara, Marquis de, 163. Peter's pence, 320. Peterborough, 335, 401. Petit, John, M.P. for London, 260. Peto, Cardinal William, 338. Petre, Dr. William, 378, 431 _n_. Philip of Burgundy, King of Castile, 23, 26, 27, 38, 51 and _note_, 93 _n_, 137. ------ of Hesse, 311. ------ IV., 329. Philippa, granddaughter of Edward III., 180. Physicians, College of, 401. Piedmont, 351. Pilgrimage of Grace, 357, 358, 369, 406. Pisa, 55, 69. Plantagenets, the, 4. Plymouth, 14, 55. Pole, Edmund de la, Earl of Suffolk, the White Rose, 27, 38, 43, 44, 64. ---- Margaret, Countess of Salisbury, 358, 373, 403, 436 _n_. ---- Sir Geoffrey, 373, 374. ---- Sir Henry, Baron Montague, 374. ---- John de la, Earl of Lincoln, 10, 44. ---- Reginald, Cardinal, 1, 305, 332 _n_, 358-360, 369, 372-374, 376. ---- Richard de la, 44. Pommeraye, Giles de la, 291 _n_. Pontefract, 248, 355. Popes. _See_ Adrian VI.; Alexander VI.; Clement VII.; Julius II.; Leo X.; Paul III. Portsmouth, 413, 414. Portugal, King of. _See_ Emmanuel. -------- Queens of. _See_ Catherine, Eleanor, Isabella. Poynings, Sir Edward, 18, 50. Poynings' Law, 18. _Praemunire_, 35 _n_, 120, 234, 246, 284, 285, 349, 381. Praet, Louis de Flandre, Sieur de, 113. Prester John, 229. Privy Council. _See_ Council. Proclamations, Act of, 391. Protestantism, 194, 232, 272, 326, 380-382, 387, 416. Provence, 30, 162. Provisors, Statute of, 282.

Q.

Quignon, Cardinal, 202.

R.

Ravenna, 224, 226. Reading, Prior of, 273. Reformation, the, partly due to the divorce, 232, 233;

## partly due to the anti-ecclesiastical bias of the laity,

267 _sqq._, 272; different aspects of, 325-329; not due to Henry VIII., 439, 440; other references to, 275, 348. Reggio, 153. Reigate, 253 _n_. Renaissance, the, under Henry VII., 20, 31. Renard, Simon, 261. Renee, daughter of Louis XII., 61 _n_, 71, 85, 100, 202, 205, 206. Rhodes, 164, 312. Rich, Sir Richard, first Baron Rich, 332, 354. Richard III., 4, 7, 10, 49, 80, 158, 165, 305, 306. ------- Duke of York, 9, 18, 19. Richmond, 20 _n_, 43, 44. -------- Duke of. _See_ Fitzroy, Henry. -------- Earl of. _See_ Henry VII. and Tudor, Edmund. Rochester, 385. --------- Bishop of. _See_ Fisher, John. Rogers, John, 379. Roman Empire, Holy. _See_ Empire. ----- law, 3, 32, 38, 323 _n_, 362. Rome, 1, 12, 17, 69, 74, 89, 93, 99, 115, 119, 126, 132, 162, 186, 191, 197 _n_, 200, 202, 205, 206, 208, 211, 238, 249, 251, 267, 269, 276, 282, 287, 290, 291, 294, 295, 297, 305, 315, 316, 319, 320-323, 349, 350, 351, 359, 364, 372, 381, 387, 402, 428-430, 439. Rose, Red and White, union of, 13. ---- the White. _See_ Pole, Edmund de la, and Courtenay, Henry. Roses, Wars of the, 5, 6, 181, 429. Rovere, Francis Maria della, Duke of Urbino, 153. Royal marriages, 37. Roye, 160. Russell, John, first Earl of Bedford, 307. Ruthal, Thomas, Bishop of Durham, one of Henry's ministers, 49, 127; appointed privy seal, 92, 273; death, 116, 117. Rutland, Earl of. _See_ Manners, Edward.

S.

Sack of Rome, 171, 172, 178, 200, 212, 216, 226, 230, 316, 428, 439. Sadleir, Sir Ralph, 394, 402. Sagudino, 95. St. Albans, 6, 117. --- Andrews, 88, 248, 415. --- Angelo, 170, 171. --- Asaph, Bishop of. _See_ Standish, Henry. --- Bartholomew Massacre, 439. --- Januarius, 380. --- John, 172. --- ---- Knights of, 164, 381. --- Leger, Sir Anthony, 367. --- Mathias, 163. --- Omer, 344 and _note_. --- Paul, 194, 296, 326. --- Paul's Cathedral, 14, 43, 66, 125. --- Peter's, 170, 171. --- Pol, Francis de Bourbon, Count of, 225. Salisbury, Bishopric of, 318. --------- Bishops of. _See_ Audley, Edmund; Shaxton, Nicholas. --------- Countess of. _See_ Pole, Margaret. Sampson, Richard, Bishop of Chichester, 394. Sandwich, 140. Sandys, Sir William, 131. Sanga, Gio. Batt., 206, 213 _n_, 216, 225. Sarpi, Paolo, 16 _n_. _Sarum Use, The_, 417. Savoy, Louise of. _See_ Louise. ----- Margaret of. _See_ Margaret. Saxony, Duke of, 103, 383. Scarborough, 357. Schwartz, Martin, 10. Scotland, Henry VIII.'s claim to suzerainty over, 406 _n_, 408, 409; war with, 11, 405-408; Roman law in, 32; infant king of, 69; English influence in, 88; Albany leaves, 97; English interests in, 149, 150; Albany again in, 156; peace with, 315, 324; other references to, 159, 250, 369, 375, 383, 399. Scottish borders, 11, 17, 66, 157, 315, 362, 364, 375. Scotus, Duns, 123, 334. Selim, Sultan, 164. Sessa, Duke of, 169. Seymour, Edward, Earl of Hertford, afterwards Duke of Somerset, Scottish expeditions, 69, 411, 413, 415; rises in Henry's favour, 346, 416, 422; commands in France, 413; speech at his execution, 434 _n_. ------- Queen Jane. _See_ Jane. ------- Sir John of Wolf Hall, 346. ------- Sir Thomas, 410. Sforza, Francesco Maria, 66, 76, 89. Shakespeare, William, 21, 35, 110, 114, 116 _n_, 197 _n_, 308, 434 _n_. Shanklin Chine, 414. Shaxton, Nicholas, Bishop of Salisbury, 401. Sheen, 43. Sheffield, Sir Robert, 113. Ships:-- _Great Harry_ or _Henry Grace a Dieu_, 140. _Henry Imperial_, 63, 363. _Katherine Pleasaunce_, 140. _Mary Rose_, 157, 414. _Princess Mary_, 127. _Royal George_, 414. Shoreham, 414. Shrewsbury, 252 _n_. ---------- Earl of. _See_ Talbot, George. Sibylla of Cleves, 383. Sicily, 230 _n_. Simnel, Lambert, 9, 10, 18. Sinclair, Oliver, 407. Sittingbourne, 385. Six Articles, The, 390, 392, 400, 401, 411, 415, 418, 431. Skeffington, Thomas, Bishop of Bangor, 114 _n_. ----------- Sir William, 366. Skelton, John, 19, 21 and _note_, 66, 338. Smeaton, Mark, 344, 345. Smithfield, 400. Solway Moss, 407, 408. Somerset, Charles, Lord Herbert, afterwards Earl of Worcester, 50, 110, 122. -------- Duke of. _See_ Seymour, Edward. Southampton, 52, 57, 127, 390. ----------- Earls of. _See_ Fitzwilliam, Sir William; Wriothesley, Sir Thomas. Southwell, Sir Richard, 423. Spain, 31, 32, 57, 69, 73, 75, 78, 94, 95, 101, 104, 108, 137, 139, 143, 156, 159, 162, 166, 167, 178, 181, 201, 218, 223, 228, 292, 301, 309, 312, 316, 370, 382. Spanish alliance, 26, 143, 410. Spithead, 414. Spurs, battle of, 64, 65, 74. Stafford, Edward, third Duke of Buckingham, 9, 37 _n_, 38, 50, 111, 118, 179, 181, 182, 248, 434 _n_. -------- Henry, Earl of Wiltshire, 50. Stafileo, Dean of the Rota, 197 _n_. Standish, Henry, Bishop of St. Asaph, 130, 234-236, 259 _n_, 269. Stanley, Thomas, first Earl of Derby, 8. ------- Sir William, 10. Star Chamber. _See_ Court. Stephen, King, 180. Stewart, Henry, first Lord Methven, 200. ------- John, Duke of Albany, 87, 88, 97, 156, 157. Stile, John, 37 _n_. Stillington, Robert, Bishop of Bath and Wells, 306. Stirling, 88. Stoke-on-Trent, 10. Stokesley, John, Bishop of London, 259 _n_, 282 _n_, 300, 327 _n_. Strode's case, 259. Stuarts, the, 8, 32, 35 and _note_, 233, 261, 341, 366. Succession to the Crown, 179-184, 348 _n_; denied to women, 179, 180. ---------- Acts of, 321, 324, 348. Suffolk, Countess of. _See_ Pole, Margaret. ------- Duke of. _See_ Brandon, Charles. ------- Earl of. _See_ Pole, Edmund de la. Supreme Head, Henry VIII. as, 268, 286, 325, 328, 330 _n_, 331, 377, 378, 421. Surgeons, College of, 401. Surrey, Earl of. _See_ Howard, Henry. Switzerland, 272. Swynford, Catherine, 6.

T.

Talbot, George, fourth Earl of Shrewsbury, 50, 355 _n_. Tarbes, Bishop of. _See_ Grammont, Gabriel de. Taunton, 255. Taylor, Dr. John, 64 _n_, 235, 236. Ten Articles, The, 378. Thames, 63. Therouanne, 64, 65. Thomas, St. _See_ Aquinas. Torregiano, Pietro, 44. Torture, use of, 432. Toulouse, 283. Tournay, 10, 65, 68, 73, 74, 77, 80, 115, 181. Tower of London, 2, 10, 19, 38, 44, 50, 112, 114 and _note_, 272, 324, 332, 345, 367, 374, 394, 402-404, 422-424. Trinity House, 126. Tudors, the, pedigree of, 5, 7, 8, 14; infant mortality of, 12, 174-177, 342, 343; education of, 19; orthodoxy of, 24; courage of, 63; liveries of, 21; adulation paid to, 32, 35, 36, 239, 248; autocracy, characteristics of, 38, 233, 433, 435; government of, 30, 34, 36, 134, 270, 279 _n_, 329, 366, 368, 430, 434; discontent under, 256, 313. Tudor, Edmund, Earl of Richmond, 5, 6. ----- ------ Duke of Somerset, son of Henry VII., 22, 38. ----- Jasper, 5. ----- Owen, 5, 6. Tunstall, Cuthbert, Bishop of London and Durham, his opinions on foreign policy, 92, 94; present at the burning of Luther's books, 125; wide discretion allowed him by Henry, 133; sent to Spain, 166; is Lord Privy Seal, 273; is not summoned to Parliament (1532), 289; in opposition to the divorce, 306; president of the Council of the North, 358; other references to, 102, 289, 297 _n_, 386, 394. Tyndale, William, 272, 274.

U.

Uniformity, Act of, 391, 417. Urbino, the Pope's seizure of, 376. ------ Duke of. _See_ Rovere.