Chapter III
., and briefly mentioned at the beginning of this chapter. In the simplicity and regularity of its construction it is so noteworthy that it is worth repeating, as the first of the long list of quinary systems given in the following pages. No further comment is needed on it than that already made in connection with its digital significance. As far as given by Dr. Brinton the scale is:
1. tey. 2. cayapa. 3. toazumba. 4. cajezea = 2 with plural termination. 5. teente = hand. 6. teyente tey = hand 1. 7. teyente cayapa = hand 2. 8. teyente toazumba = hand 3. 9. teyente caesea = hand 4. 10. caya ente, or caya huena = 2 hands. 11. caya ente-tey = 2 hands 1. 15. toazumba-ente = 3 hands. 16. toazumba-ente-tey = 3 hands 1. 20. caesea ente = 4 hands.
A far more common method of progression is furnished by languages which interrupt the quinary formation at 10, and express that number by a single word. Any scale in which this takes place can, from this point onward, be quinary only in the subordinate sense to which allusion has just been made. Examples of this are furnished in a more or less perfect manner by nearly all so-called quinary-vigesimal and quinary-decimal scales. As fairly representing this phase of number-system structure, I have selected the first 20 numerals from the following languages:
WELSH.[240]
1. un. 2. dau. 3. tri. 4. pedwar. 5. pump. 6. chwech. 7. saith. 8. wyth. 9. naw. 10. deg. 11. un ar ddeg = 1 + 10. 12. deuddeg = 2 + 10. 13. tri ar ddeg = 3 + 10. 14. pedwar ar ddeg = 4 + 10. 15. pymtheg = 5 + 10. 16. un ar bymtheg = 1 + 5 + 10. 17. dau ar bymtheg = 2 + 5 + 10. 18. tri ar bymtheg = 3 + 5 + 10. 19. pedwar ar bymtheg = 4 + 5 + 10. 20. ugain.
NAHUATL.[241]
1. ce. 2. ome. 3. yei. 4. naui. 5. macuilli. 6. chiquacen = [5] + 1. 7. chicome = [5] + 2. 8. chicuey = [5] + 3. 9. chiucnaui = [5] + 4. 10. matlactli. 11. matlactli oce = 10 + 1. 12. matlactli omome = 10 + 2. 13. matlactli omey = 10 + 3. 14. matlactli onnaui = 10 + 4. 15. caxtolli. 16. caxtolli oce = 15 + 1. 17. caxtolli omome = 15 + 2. 18. caxtolli omey = 15 + 3. 19. caxtolli onnaui = 15 + 4. 20. cempualli = 1 account.
CANAQUE[242] NEW CALEDONIA.
1. chaguin. 2. carou. 3. careri. 4. caboue 5. cani. 6. cani-mon-chaguin = 5 + 1. 7. cani-mon-carou = 5 + 2. 8. cani-mon-careri = 5 + 3. 9. cani-mon-caboue = 5 + 4. 10. panrere. 11. panrere-mon-chaguin = 10 + 1. 12. panrere-mon-carou = 10 + 2. 13. panrere-mon-careri = 10 + 3. 14. panrere-mon-caboue = 10 + 4. 15. panrere-mon-cani = 10 + 5. 16. panrere-mon-cani-mon-chaguin = 10 + 5 + 1. 17. panrere-mon-cani-mon-carou = 10 + 5 + 2. 18. panrere-mon-cani-mon-careri = 10 + 5 + 3. 19. panrere-mon-cani-mon-caboue = 10 + 5 + 4. 20. jaquemo = 1 person.
GUATO.[243]
1. cenai. 2. dououni. 3. coum. 4. dekai. 5. quinoui. 6. cenai-caicaira = 1 on the other? 7. dououni-caicaira = 2 on the other? 8. coum-caicaira = 3 on the other? 9. dekai-caicaira = 4 on the other? 10. quinoi-da = 5 × 2. 11. cenai-ai-caibo = 1 + (the) hands. 12. dououni-ai-caibo = 2 + 10. 13. coum-ai-caibo = 3 + 10. 14. dekai-ai-caibo = 4 + 10. 15. quin-oibo = 5 × 3. 16. cenai-ai-quacoibo = 1 + 15. 17. dououni-ai-quacoibo = 2 + 15. 18. coum-ai-quacoibo = 3 + 15. 19. dekai-ai-quacoibo = 4 + 15. 20. quinoui-ai-quacoibo = 5 + 15.
The meanings assigned to the numerals 6 to 9 are entirely conjectural. They obviously mean 1, 2, 3, 4, taken a second time, and as the meanings I have given are often found in primitive systems, they have, at a venture, been given here.
LIFU, LOYALTY ISLANDS.[244]
1. ca. 2. lue. 3. koeni. 4. eke. 5. tji pi. 6. ca ngemen = 1 above. 7. lue ngemen = 2 above. 8. koeni ngemen = 3 above. 9. eke ngemen = 4 above. 10. lue pi = 2 × 5. 11. ca ko. 12. lue ko. 13. koeni ko. 14. eke ko. 15. koeni pi = 3 × 5. 16. ca huai ano. 17. lua huai ano. 18. koeni huai ano. 19. eke huai ano. 20. ca atj = 1 man.
BONGO.[245]
1. kotu. 2. ngorr. 3. motta. 4. neheo. 5. mui. 6. dokotu = [5] + 1. 7. dongorr = [5] + 2. 8. domotta = [5] + 3. 9. doheo = [5] + 4. 10. kih. 11. ki dokpo kotu = 10 + 1. 12. ki dokpo ngorr = 10 + 2. 13. ki dokpo motta = 10 + 3. 14. ki dokpo neheo = 10 + 4. 15. ki dokpo mui = 10 + 5. 16. ki dokpo mui do mui okpo kotu = 10 + 5 more, to 5, 1 more. 17. ki dokpo mui do mui okpo ngorr = 10 + 5 more, to 5, 2 more. 18. ki dokpo mui do mui okpo motta = 10 + 5 more, to 5, 3 more. 19. ki dokpo mui do mui okpo nehea = 10 + 5 more, to 5, 4 more. 20. mbaba kotu.
Above 20, the Lufu and the Bongo systems are vigesimal, so that they are, as a whole, mixed systems.
The Welsh scale begins as though it were to present a pure decimal structure, and no hint of the quinary element appears until it has passed 15. The Nahuatl, on the other hand, counts from 5 to 10 by the ordinary quinary method, and then appears to pass into the decimal form. But when 16 is reached, we find the quinary influence still persistent; and from this point to 20, the numeral words in both scales are such as to show that the notion of counting by fives is quite as prominent as the notion of referring to 10 as a base. Above 20 the systems become vigesimal, with a quinary or decimal structure appearing in all numerals except multiples of 20. Thus, in Welsh, 36 is _unarbymtheg ar ugain_, 1 + 5 + 10 + 20; and in Nahuatl the same number is _cempualli caxtolli oce_, 20 + 15 + 1. Hence these and similar number systems, though commonly alluded to as vigesimal, are really mixed scales, with 20 as their primary base. The Canaque scale differs from the Nahuatl only in forming a compound word for 15, instead of introducing a new and simple term.
In the examples which follow, it is not thought best to extend the lists of numerals beyond 10, except in special instances where the illustration of some particular point may demand it. The usual quinary scale will be found, with a few exceptions like those just instanced, to have the following structure or one similar to it in all essential details: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5-1, 5-2, 5-3, 5-4, 10, 10-1, 10-2, 10-3, 10-4, 10-5, 10-5-1, 10-5-2, 10-5-3, 10-5-4, 20. From these forms the entire system can readily be constructed as soon as it is known whether its principal base is to be 10 or 20.
Turning first to the native African languages, I have selected the following quinary scales from the abundant material that has been collected by the various explorers of the "Dark Continent." In some cases the numerals of certain tribes, as given by one writer, are found to differ widely from the same numerals as reported by another. No attempt has been made at comparison of these varying forms of orthography, which are usually to be ascribed to difference of nationality on the part of the collectors.
FELOOPS.[246]
1. enory. 2. sickaba, or cookaba. 3. sisajee. 4. sibakeer. 5. footuck. 6. footuck-enory = 5-1. 7. footuck-cookaba = 5-2. 8. footuck-sisajee = 5-3. 9. footuck-sibakeer = 5-4. 10. sibankonyen.
KISSI.[247]
1. pili. 2. miu. 3. nga. 4. iol. 5. nguenu. 6. ngom-pum = 5-1. 7. ngom-miu = 5-2. 8. ngommag = 5-3. 9. nguenu-iol = 5-4. 10. to.
ASHANTEE.[248]
1. tah. 2. noo. 3. sah. 4. nah. 5. taw. 6. torata = 5 + 1. 7. toorifeenoo = 5 + 2. 8. toorifeessa = 5 + 3. 9. toorifeena = 5 + 4. 10. nopnoo.
BASA.[249]
1. do. 2. so. 3. ta. 4. hinye. 5. hum. 6. hum-le-do = 5 + 1. 7. hum-le-so = 5 + 2. 8. hum-le-ta = 5 + 3. 9. hum-le-hinyo = 5 + 4. 10. bla-bue.
JALLONKAS.[250]
1. kidding. 2. fidding. 3. sarra. 4. nani. 5. soolo. 6. seni. 7. soolo ma fidding = 5 + 2. 8. soolo ma sarra = 5 + 3. 9. soolo ma nani = 5 + 4. 10. nuff.
KRU.
1. da-do. 2. de-son. 3. de-tan. 4. de-nie. 5. de-mu. 6. dme-du = 5-1. 7. ne-son = [5] + 2. 8. ne-tan = [5] + 3. 9. sepadu = 10 - 1? 10. pua.
JALOFFS.[251]
1. wean. 2. yar. 3. yat. 4. yanet. 5. judom. 6. judom-wean = 5-1. 7. judom-yar = 5-2. 8. judom-yat = 5-3. 9. judom yanet = 5-4. 10. fook.
GOLO.[252]
1. mbali. 2. bisi. 3. bitta. 4. banda. 5. zonno. 6. tsimmi tongbali = 5 + 1. 7. tsimmi tobisi = 5 + 2. 8. tsimmi tobitta = 5 + 3. 9. tsimmi to banda = 5 + 4. 10. nifo.
FOULAH.[253]
1. go. 2. deeddee. 3. tettee. 4. nee. 5. jouee. 6. jego = 5-1. 7. jedeeddee = 5-2. 8. je-tettee = 5-3. 9. je-nee = 5-4. 10. sappo.
SOUSSOU.[254]
1. keren. 2. firing. 3. sarkan. 4. nani. 5. souli. 6. seni. 7. solo-fere = 5-2. 8. solo-mazarkan = 5 + 3. 9. solo-manani = 5 + 4. 10. fu.
BULLOM.[255]
1. bul. 2. tin. 3. ra. 4. hyul. 5. men. 6. men-bul = 5-1. 7. men-tin = 5-2. 8. men-ra = 5-3. 9. men-hyul = 5-4. 10. won.
VEI.[256]
1. dondo. 2. fera. 3. sagba. 4. nani. 5. soru. 6. sun-dondo = 5-1. 7. sum-fera = 5-2. 8. sun-sagba = 5-3. 9. sun-nani = 5-4. 10. tan.
DINKA.[257]
1. tok. 2. rou. 3. dyak. 4. nuan. 5. wdyets. 6. wdetem = 5-1. 7. wderou = 5-2. 8. bet, bed = 5-3. 9. wdenuan = 5-4. 10. wtyer = 5 × 2.
TEMNE.
1. in. 2. ran. 3. sas. 4. anle. 5. tr-amat. 6. tr-amat rok-in = 5 + 1. 7. tr-amat de ran = 5 + 2. 8. tr-amat re sas = 5 + 3. 9. tr-amat ro n-anle = 5 + 4. 10. tr-ofatr.
ABAKER.[258]
1. kili. 2. bore. 3. dotla. 4. ashe. 5. ini. 6. im kili = 5-1. 7. im-bone = 5-2. 8. ini-dotta = 5-3. 9. tin ashe = 5-4. 10. chica.
BAGRIMMA.[259]
1. kede. 2. sab. 3. muta. 4. so. 5. mi. 6. mi-ga = 5 + 1. 7. tsidi. 8. marta = 5 + 2. 9. do-so = [5] + 3 10. duk-keme.
PAPAA.[260]
1. depoo. 2. auwi. 3. ottong. 4. enne. 5. attong. 6. attugo. 7. atjuwe = [5] + 2. 8. attiatong = [5] + 3. 9. atjeenne = [5] + 4. 10. awo.
EFIK.[261]
1. kiet. 2. iba. 3. ita. 4. inan. 5. itiun. 6. itio-kiet = 5-1. 7. itia-ba = 5-2. 8. itia-eta = 5-3. 9. osu-kiet = 10 - 1? 10. duup.
NUPE.[262]
1. nini. 2. gu-ba. 3. gu-ta. 4. gu-ni. 5. gu-tsun. 6. gu-sua-yin = 5 + 1. 7. gu-tua-ba = 5 + 2. 8. gu-tu-ta = 5 + 3. 9. gu-tua-ni = 5 + 4. 10. gu-wo.
MOKKO.[263]
1. kiä. 2. iba. 3. itta. 4. inan. 5. üttin. 6. itjüekee = 5 + 1. 7. ittiaba = 5 + 2. 8. itteiata = 5 + 3. 9. huschukiet. 10. büb.
KANURI.[264]
1. tilo. 2. ndi. 3. yasge. 4. dege. 5. ugu. 6. arasge = 5 + 1. 7. tulur. 8. wusge = 5 + 3. 9. legar. 10. megu = 2 × 5.
BININ.[265]
1. bo. 2. be. 3. la. 4. nin. 5. tang. 6. tahu = 5 + 1? 7. tabi = 5 + 2. 8. tara = 5 + 3. 9. ianin (tanin?) = 5 + 4? 10. te.
KREDY.[266]
1. baia. 2. rommu. 3. totto. 4. sosso. 5. saya. 6. yembobaia = [5] + 1. 7. yemborommu = [5] + 2. 8. yembototto = [5] + 3. 9. yembososso = [5] + 4. 10. puh.
HERERO.[267]
1. mue. 2. vari. 3. tatu. 4. ne. 5. tano. 6. hambou-mue = [5] + 1. 7. hambou-vari = [5] + 2. 8. hambou-tatu = [5] + 3. 9. hambou-ne = [5] + 4. 10.
KI-YAU.[268]
1. jumo. 2. wawiri. 3. watatu. 4. mcheche. 5. msano. 6. musano na jumo = 5 + 1. 7. musano na wiri = 5 + 2. 8. musano na watatu = 5 + 3. 9. musano na mcheche = 5 + 4. 10. ikumi.
FERNANDO PO.[269]
1. muli. 2. mempa. 3. meta. 4. miene. 5. mimito. 6. mimito na muli = 5 + 1. 7. mimito na mempa = 5 + 2. 8. mimito na meta = 5 + 3. 9. mimito na miene = 5 + 4. 10. miemieu = 5-5?
KI-NYASSA
1. kimodzi. 2. vi-wiri. 3. vi-tatu. 4. vinye. 5. visano. 6. visano na kimodzi = 5 + 1. 7. visano na vi-wiri = 5 + 2. 8. visano na vitatu = 5 + 3. 9. visano na vinye = 5 + 4. 10. chikumi.
BALENGUE.[270]
1. guevoho. 2. ibare. 3. raro. 4. inaï. 5. itano. 6. itano na guevoho = 5 + 1. 7. itano na ibare = 5 + 2. 8. itano na raro = 5 + 3. 9. itano na inaï = 5 + 4. 10. ndioum, or nai-hinaï.
KUNAMA.[271]
1. ella. 2. bare. 3. sadde. 4. salle. 5. kussume. 6. kon-t'-ella = hand 1. 7. kon-te-bare = hand 2. 8. kon-te-sadde = hand 3. 9. kon-te-salle = hand 4. 10. kol-lakada.
GOLA.[272]
1. ngoumou. 2. ntie. 3. ntaï. 4. tina. 5. nonon. 6. diegoum = [5] + 1. 7. dientie = [5] + 2. 8. dietai = [5] + 3. 9. dectina = [5] + 4. 10. esia.
BAREA.[273]
1. doko 2. arega. 3. sane. 4. sone. 5. oita. 6. data. 7. dz-ariga = 5 + 2. 8. dis-sena = 5 + 3. 9. lefete-mada = without 10. 10. lefek.
MATIBANI.[274]
1. mosa. 2. pili. 3. taru. 4. teje. 5. taru. 6. tana mosa = 5-1. 7. tana pili = 5-2. 8. tana taru = 5-3. 9. loco. 10. loco nakege.
BONZÉ.[275]
1. tan. 2. vele. 3. daba. 4. nani. 5. lolou. 6. maïda = [5] + 1. 7. maïfile = [5] + 2. 8. maïshaba = [5] + 3. 9. maïnan = [5] + 4. 10. bou.
MPOVI
1. moueta. 2. bevali. 3. betata. 4. benaï. 5. betani. 6. betani moueta = 5-1. 7. betani bevali = 5-2. 8. betani betata = 5-3. 9. betani benai = 5-4. 10. nchinia.
TRITON'S BAY, NEW QUINEA.[276]
1. samosi. 2. roueti. 3. tourou. 4. faat. 5. rimi. 6. rim-samosi = 5-1. 7. rim-roueti = 5-2. 8. rim-tourou = 5-3. 9. rim-faat = 5-4. 10. outsia.
ENDE, OR FLORES.[277]
1. sa. 2. zua. 3. telu. 4. wutu. 5. lima = hand. 6. lima-sa = 5-1, or hand 1. 7. lima-zua = 5-2. 8. rua-butu = 2 × 4? 9. trasa = [10] - 1? 10. sabulu.
MALLICOLO.[278]
1. tseekaee. 2. ery. 3. erei. 4. ebats. 5. ereem. 6. tsookaee = [5] + 1. 7. gooy = [5] + 2. 8. hoorey = [5] + 3. 9. goodbats = [5] + 4. 10. senearn.
EBON, MARSHALL ISLANDS.[279]
1. iuwun. 2. drud. 3. chilu. 4. emer. 5. lailem. 6. chilchinu = 5 + 1. 7. chilchime = 5 + 2. 8. twalithuk = [10] - 2. 9. twahmejuwou = [10] - 1. 10. iungou.
UEA, LOYALTY ISLAND.[280]
1. tahi. 2. lua. 3. tolu. 4. fa. 5. lima. 6. tahi. 7. lua. 8. tolu. 9. fa. 10. lima.
UEA.[280]--[another dialect.]
1. hacha. 2. lo. 3. kuun. 4. thack. 5. thabumb. 6. lo-acha = 2d 1. 7. lo-alo = 2d 2. 8. lo-kuun = 2d 3. 9. lo-thack = 2d 4. 10. lebenetee.
ISLE OF PINES.[281]
1. ta. 2. bo. 3. beti. 4. beu. 5. ta-hue. 6. no-ta = 2d 1. 7. no-bo = 2d 2. 8. no-beti = 2d 3. 9. no-beu = 2d 4. 10. de-kau.
UREPARAPARA, BANKS ISLANDS.[282]
1. vo towa. 2. vo ro. 3. vo tol. 4. vo vet. 5. teveliem = 1 hand. 6. leve jea = other 1. 7. leve ro = other 2. 8. leve tol = other 3. 9. leve vet = other 4. 10. sanowul = 2 sets.
MOTA, BANKS ISLANDS.[282]
1. tuwale. 2. nirua. 3. nitol. 4. nivat. 5. tavelima = 1 hand. 6. laveatea = other 1. 7. lavearua = other 2. 8. laveatol = other 3. 9. laveavat = other 4. 10. sanavul = 2 sets.
NEW CALEDONIA.[283]
1. parai. 2. paroo. 3. parghen. 4. parbai. 5. panim. 6. panim-gha = 5-1. 7. panim-roo = 5-2. 8. panim-ghen = 5-3. 9. panim-bai = 5-4. 10. parooneek.
YENGEN, NEW CAL.[284]
1. hets. 2. heluk. 3. heyen. 4. pobits. 5. nim = hand. 6. nim-wet = 5-1. 7. nim-weluk = 5-2. 8. nim-weyen = 5-3. 9. nim-pobit = 5-4. 10. pain-duk.
ANEITEUM.[285]
1. ethi. 2. ero. 3. eseik. 4. manohwan. 5. nikman. 6. nikman cled et ethi = 5 + 1. 7. nikman cled et oro = 5 + 2. 8. nikman cled et eseik = 5 + 3. 9. nikman cled et manohwan = 5 + 4. 10. nikman lep ikman = 5 + 5.
TANNA
1. riti. 2. karu. 3. kahar. 4. kefa. 5. krirum. 6. krirum riti = 5-1. 7. krirum karu = 5-2. 8. krirum kahar? = 5-3. 9. krirum kefa? = 5-4. 10. ----
EROMANGA
1. sai. 2. duru. 3. disil. 4. divat. 5. siklim = 1 hand. 6. misikai = other 1? 7. siklim naru = 5-2. 8. siklim disil = 5-3. 9. siklim mindivat = 5 + 4. 10. narolim = 2 hands.
FATE, NEW HEB.[286]
1. iskei. 2. rua. 3. tolu. 4. bate. 5. lima = hand. 6. la tesa = other 1. 7. la rua = other 2. 8. la tolu = other 3. 9. la fiti = other 4. 10. relima = 2 hands.
API, NEW HEB.
1. tai. 2. lua. 3. tolu. 4. vari. 5. lima = hand. 6. o rai = other 1. 7. o lua = other 2. 8. o tolo = other 3. 9. o vari = other 4. 10. lua lima = 2 hands.
SESAKE, NEW HEB.
1. sikai. 2. dua. 3. dolu. 4. pati. 5. lima = hand. 6. la tesa = other 1. 7. la dua = other 2. 8. la dolu = other 3. 9. lo veti = other 4. 10. dua lima = 2 hands.
PAMA, NEW HEB.
1. tai. 2. e lua. 3. e tolu. 4. e hati. 5. e lime = hand. 6. a hitai = other 1. 7. o lu = other 2. 8. o tolu = other 3. 9. o hati = other 4. 10. ha lua lim = 2 hands
AURORA, NEW HEB.
1. tewa. 2. i rua. 3. i tol. 4. i vat. 5. tavalima = 1 hand. 6. lava tea = other 1. 7. lava rua = other 2. 8. lava tol = other 3. 9. la vat = other 4. 10. sanwulu = two sets.
TOBI.[287]
1. yat. 2. glu. 3. ya. 4. uan. 5. yanim = 1 hand. 6. yawor = other 1. 7. yavic = other 2. 8. yawa = other 3. 9. yatu = other 4. 10. yasec.
PALM ISLAND.[288]
1. yonkol. 2. yakka. 3. tetjora. 4. tarko. 5. yonkol mala = 1 hand.
JAJOWERONG, VICTORIA.[288]
1. kiarp. 2. bulaits. 3. bulaits kiarp = 2-1. 4. bulaits bulaits = 2-2. 5. kiarp munnar = 1 hand. 6. bulaits bulaits bulaits = 2-2-2. 10. bulaits munnar = 2 hands.
The last two scales deserve special notice. They are Australian scales, and the former is strongly binary, as are so many others of that continent. But both show an incipient quinary tendency in their names for 5 and 10.
CAMBODIA.[289]
1. muy. 2. pir. 3. bey. 4. buon. 5. pram. 6. pram muy = 5-1. 7. pram pil = 5-2. 8. pram bey = 5-3. 9. pram buon = 5-4. 10. dap.
TSCHUKSCHI.[290]
1. inen. 2. nirach. 3. n'roch. 4. n'rach. 5. miligen = hand. 6. inen miligen = 1-5. 7. nirach miligen = 2-5. 8. anwrotkin. 9. chona tsinki. 10. migitken = both hands.
KOTTISCH[291]
1. hutsa. 2. ina. 3. tona. 4. sega. 5. chega. 6. chelutsa = 5 + 1. 7. chelina = 5 + 2. 8. chaltona = 5 + 3. 9. tsumnaga = 10 - 1. 10. haga.
ESKIMO OF N.-W. ALASKA.[292]
1. a towshek. 2. hipah, or malho. 3. pingishute. 4. sesaimat. 5. talema. 6. okvinile, or ahchegaret = another 1? 7. talema-malronik = 5-two of them. 8. pingishu-okvingile = 2d 3? 9. kolingotalia = 10 - 1? 10. koleet.
KAMTSCHATKA, SOUTH.[293]
1. dischak. 2. kascha. 3. tschook. 4. tschaaka. 5. kumnaka. 6. ky'lkoka. 7. itatyk = 2 + 5. 8. tschookotuk = 3 + 5. 9. tschuaktuk = 4 + 5. 10. kumechtuk = 5 + 5.
ALEUTS[294]
1. ataqan. 2. aljak. 3. qankun. 4. sitsin. 5. tsan = my hand. 6. atun = 1 + 5. 7. ulun = 2 + 5. 8. qamtsin = 3 + 5. 9. sitsin = 4 + 5. 10. hatsiq.
TCHIGLIT, MACKENZIE R.[295]
1. ataotçirkr. 2. aypak, or malloerok. 3. illaak, or piñatcut. 4. tçitamat. 5. tallemat. 6. arveneloerit. 7. arveneloerit-aypak = 5 + 2. 8. arveneloerit-illaak = 5 + 3. 9. arveneloerit-tçitamat = 5 + 4. 10. krolit.
SAHAPTIN (NEZ PERCES).[296]
1. naks. 2. lapit. 3. mitat. 4. pi-lapt = 2 × 2. 5. pachat. 6. oi-laks = [5] + 1. 7. oi-napt = [5] + 2. 8. oi-matat = [5] + 3. 9. koits. 10. putimpt.
GREENLAND.[297]
1. atauseq. 2. machdluq. 3. pinasut. 4. sisamat 5. tadlimat. 6. achfineq-atauseq = other hand 1. 7. achfineq-machdluq = other hand 2. 8. achfineq-pinasut = other hand 3. 9. achfineq-sisamat = other hand 4. 10. qulit. 11. achqaneq-atauseq = first foot 1. 12. achqaneq-machdluq = first foot 2. 13. achqaneq-pinasut = first foot 3. 14. achqaneq-sisamat = first foot 4. 15. achfechsaneq? 16. achfechsaneq-atauseq = other foot 1. 17. achfechsaneq-machdlup = other foot 2. 18. achfechsaneq-pinasut = other foot 3. 19. achfechsaneq-sisamat = other foot 4. 20. inuk navdlucho = a man ended.
Up to this point the Greenlander's scale is almost purely quinary. Like those of which mention was made at the beginning of this chapter, it persists in progressing by fives until it reaches 20, when it announces a new base, which shows that the system will from now on be vigesimal. This scale is one of the most interesting of which we have any record, and will be noticed again in the next chapter. In many respects it is like the scale of the Point Barrow Eskimo, which was given early in