Chapter III

.

[228] Codrington, _The Melanesian Languages_, p. 222.

[229] Müller, _Sprachwissenschaft_, II. ii. p. 83.

[230] _Op. cit._, I. ii. p. 55. The next two are the same, p. 83 and p. 210. The meaning given for the Bari _puök_ is wholly conjectural.

[231] Gallatin, "Semi-civilized Nations," _Tr. Am. Eth. Soc._, Vol. I. p. 114.

[232] Müller, _Sprachwissenschaft_, II. ii. p. 80. Erromango, the same.

[233] Boas, Fr., _Proc. Brit. Ass'n. Adv. Science_, 1889, p. 857.

[234] Hankel, H., _Geschichte der Mathematik_, p. 20.

[235] Murdoch, J., "Eskimos of Point Barrow," _Am. Anthr._, 1890, p. 40.

[236] Martius, _Glos. Ling. Brasil._, p. 360.

[237] Du Graty, A.M., _La République du Paraguay_, p. 217.

[238] Codrington, _The Melanesian Languages_, p. 221.

[239] Müller, _Sprachwissenschaft_, II. i. p. 363.

[240] Spurrell, W., _Welsh Grammar_, p. 59.

[241] Olmos, André de, _Grammaire Nahuatl ou Mexicaine_, p. 191.

[242] Moncelon, _Bull. Soc. d'Anthr. de Paris_, 1885, p. 354. This is a purely digital scale, but unfortunately M. Moncelon does not give the meanings of any of the numerals except the last.

[243] Ellis, _Peruvia Scythia_, p. 37. Part of these numerals are from Martius, _Glos. Brasil._, p. 210.

[244] Codrington, _The Melanesian Languages_, p. 236.

[245] Schweinfurth, G., _Linguistische Ergebnisse einer Reise nach Centralafrika_, p. 25.

[246] Park, M., _Travels in the Interior Districts of Africa_, p. 8.

[247] Pott, _Zählmethode_, p. 37.

[248] _Op. cit._, p. 39.

[249] Müller, _Sprachwissenschaft_, IV. i. p. 101. The Kru scale, kindred with the Basa, is from the same page.

[250] Park, in Pinkerton's _Voyages and Travels_, Vol. XVI. p. 902.

[251] Park, _Travels_, Vol. I. p. 16.

[252] Schweinfurth, G., _Linguistische Ergebnisse einer Reise nach Centralafrika_, p. 78.

[253] Park, _Travels_, Vol. I. p. 58.

[254] Goedel, "Ethnol. des Soussous," _Bull. Soc. Anth. Paris_, 1892, p. 185.

[255] Müller, _Sprachwissenschaft_, I. ii. p. 114. The Temne scale is from the same page. These two languages are closely related.

[256] _Op. cit._, I. ii. p. 155.

[257] _Op. cit._, I. ii. p. 55.

[258] Long, C.C., _Central Africa_, p. 330.

[259] Müller, _Sprachwissenschaft_, IV. i. p. 105.

[260] Pott, _Zählmethode_, p. 41.

[261] Müller, _op. cit._, I. ii. p. 140.

[262] Müller, _Sprachwissenschaft_, IV. i. p. 81.

[263] Pott, _Zählmethode_, p. 41.

[264] Müller, _op. cit._, I. ii., p. 210.

[265] Pott, _Zählmethode_, p. 42.

[266] Schweinfurth, _Linguistische Ergebnisse_, p. 59.

[267] Müller, _Sprachwissenschaft_, I. ii. p. 261. The "ten" is not given.

[268] Stanley, _Through the Dark Continent_, Vol. II. p. 490. Ki-Nyassa, the same page.

[269] Müller, _op. cit._, I. ii. p. 261.

[270] Du Chaillu, _Adventures in Equatorial Africa_, p. 534.

[271] Müller, _Sprachwissenschaft_, III. i. p. 65.

[272] Du Chaillu, _Adventures in Equatorial Africa_, p. 533.

[273] Müller, _op. cit._, III. ii. p. 77.

[274] Balbi, A., _L'Atlas Eth._, Vol. I. p. 226. In Balbi's text 7 and 8 are ansposed. _Taru_ for 5 is probably a misprint for _tana_.

[275] Du Chaillu, _op. cit._, p. 533. The next scale is _op. cit._, p. 534.

[276] Beauregard, O., _Bull. Soc. Anth. de Paris_, 1886, p. 526.

[277] Pott, _Zählmethode_, p. 46.

[278] _Op. cit._, p. 48.

[279] Turner, _Nineteen Years in Polynesia_, p. 536.

[280] Erskine, J.E., _Islands of the Western Pacific_, p. 341.

[281] _Op. cit._, p. 400.

[282] Codrington, _Melanesian Languages_, pp. 235, 236.

[283] Peacock, _Encyc. Met._, Vol. 1. p. 385. Peacock does not specify the dialect.

[284] Erskine, _Islands of the Western Pacific_, p. 360.

[285] Turner, G., _Samoa a Hundred Years Ago_, p. 373. The next three scales are from the same page of this work.

[286] Codrington, _Melanesian Languages_, p. 235. The next four scales are from the same page. Perhaps the meanings of the words for 6 to 9 are more properly "more 1," "more 2," etc. Codrington merely indicates their significations in a general way.

[287] Hale, _Ethnography and Philology_, p. 429. The meanings of 6 to 9 in this and the preceding are my conjectures.

[288] Müller, _Sprachwissenschaft_, IV. i. p. 124.

[289] Aymonier, E., _Dictionnaire Francaise-Cambodgien_.

[290] Müller, _Op. cit._, II. i. p. 139.

[291] Müller, _Sprachwissenschaft_, II. i. p. 123.

[292] Wells, E.R., Jr., and John W. Kelly, Bureau of Ed., Circ. of Inf., No. 2, 1890.

[293] Pott, _Zählmethode_, p. 57.

[294] Müller, _Op. cit._, II. i. p. 161.

[295] Petitot, _Vocabulaire Française Esquimau_, p. lv.

[296] Müller, _Sprachwissenschaft_, II. i. p. 253.

[297] Müller, _Op. cit._, II. I. p. 179, and Kleinschmidt, _Grönlandisches Grammatik_.

[298] Adam, L., _Congres Int. des Am._, 1877, p. 244 (see p. 162 _infra_).

[299] Gallatin, "Synopsis of Indian Tribes," _Trans. Am. Antq. Soc._, 1836, p. 358. The next fourteen lists are, with the exception of the Micmac, from the same collection. The meanings are largely from Trumbull, _op. cit._

[300] Schoolcraft, _Archives of Aboriginal Knowledge_, Vol. II. p. 211.

[301] Schoolcraft, _Archives of Aboriginal Knowledge_, Vol. V. p. 587.

[302] In the Dakota dialects 10 is expressed, as here, by a word signifying that the fingers, which have been bent down in counting, are now straightened out.

[303] Boas, _Fifth Report B.A.A.S._, 1889. Reprint, p. 61.

[304] Boas, _Sixth Report B.A.A.S._, 1890. Reprint, p. 117. Dr. Boas does not give the meanings assigned to 7 and 8, but merely states that they are derived from 2 and 3.

[305] _Op. cit._, p. 117. The derivations for 6 and 7 are obvious, but the meanings are conjectural.

[306] Boas, _Sixth Report B.A.A.S._, 1889. Reprint, pp. 158, 160. The meanings assigned to the Tsimshian 8 and to Bilqula 6 to 8 are conjectural.

[307] Hale, _Ethnography and Philology_, p. 619.

[308] _Op. cit._, _loc. cit._

[309] Hale, _Ethnography and Philology_, p. 619.

[310] Müller, _Sprachwissenschaft_, II. i. p. 436.

[311] _Op. cit._, IV. i. p. 167.

[312] _Op. cit._, II. i. p. 282.

[313] _Op. cit._, II. i. p. 287. The meanings given for the words for 7, 8, 9 are conjectures of my own.

[314] Müller, _Sprachwissenschaft_, II. i. p. 297.

[315] Pott, _Zählmethode_, p. 90.

[316] Müller, _op. cit._, II. i. p. 379.

[317] Gallatin, "Semi-Civilized Nations of Mexico and Central America," _Tr. Am. Ethn. Soc._, Vol. I. p. 114.

[318] Adam, Lucien, _Congres Internationale des Americanistes_, 1877, Vol. II. p. 244.

[319] Müller, _Sprachwissenschaft_, II. i. p. 395. I can only guess at the meanings of 6 to 9. They are obviously circumlocutions for 5-1, 5-2, etc.

[320] _Op. cit._, p. 438. Müller has transposed these two scales. See Brinton's _Am. Race_, p. 358.

[321] Marcoy, P., _Tour du Monde_, 1866, 2ème sem. p. 148.

[322] _Op. cit._, p. 132. The meanings are my own conjectures.

[323] An elaborate argument in support of this theory is to be found in Hervas' celebrated work, _Arithmetica di quasi tutte le nazioni conosciute_.

[324] See especially the lists of Hale, Gallatin, Trumbull, and Boas, to which references have been given above.

[325] Thiel, B.A., "Vocab. der Indianier in Costa Rica," _Archiv für Anth._, xvi. p. 620.

[326] These three examples are from A.R. Wallace's _Narrative of Travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro_, vocab. Similar illustrations may be found in Martius' _Glos. Brasil_.

[327] Martius, _Glos. Brasil._, p. 176.

[328] Adam, L., _Congres International des Americanistes_, 1877, Vol. II. p. 244. Given also _supra_, p. 53.

[329] O'Donovan, _Irish Grammar_, p. 123.

[330] Armstrong, R.A., _Gaelic Dict._, p. xxi.

[331] Spurrell, _Welsh Dictionary_.

[332] Kelly, _Triglot Dict._, pub. by the Manx Society.

[333] Guillome, J., _Grammaire Française-Bretonne_, p. 27.

[334] Gröber, G., _Grundriss der Romanischen Philologie_, Bd. I. p. 309.

[335] Pott, _Zählmethode_, p. 88.

[336] Van Eys, _Basque Grammar_, p. 27.

[337] Pott, _Zählmethode_, p. 101.

[338] _Op. cit._, p. 78.

[339] Müller, _Sprachwissenschaft_, I. ii. p. 124.

[340] _Op. cit._, p. 155.

[341] _Op. cit._, p. 140.

[342] _Op. cit._, _loc. cit._

[343] Schweinfurth, _Reise nach Centralafrika_, p. 25.

[344] Müller, _Sprachwissenschaft_, IV. i. p. 83.

[345] _Op. cit._, IV. i. p. 81.

[346] _Op. cit._, I. ii. p. 166.

[347] Long, C.C., _Central Africa_, p. 330.

[348] Peacock, _Encyc. Met._, Vol. I. p. 388.

[349] Müller, _Sprachwissenschaft_, III. ii. p. 64. The next seven scales are from _op. cit._, pp. 80, 137, 155, 182, 213.

[350] Pott, _Zählmethode_, p. 83.

[351] _Op. cit._, p. 83,--Akari, p. 84; Circassia, p. 85.

[352] Müller, _Sprachwissenschaft_, II. i. p. 140.

[353] Pott, _Zählmethode_, p. 87.

[354] Müller, _Sprachwissenschaft_, II. ii. p. 346.

[355] _Op. cit._, III. i. p. 130.

[356] Man, E.H., "Brief Account of the Nicobar Islands," _Journ. Anthr. Inst._, 1885, p. 435.

[357] Wells, E.R., Jr., and Kelly, J.W., "Eng. Esk. and Esk. Eng. Vocab.," Bureau of Education Circular of Information, No. 2, 1890, p. 65.

[358] Petitot, E., _Vocabulaire Française Esquimau_, p. lv.

[359] Boas, Fr., _Proc. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci._, 1889, p. 857.

[360] Boas, _Sixth Report on the Northwestern Tribes of Canada_, p. 117.

[361] Boas, Fr., _Fifth Report on the Northwestern Tribes of Canada_, p. 85.

[362] Gallatin, _Semi-Civilized Nations_, p. 114. References for the next two are the same.

[363] Bancroft, H.H., _Native Races of the Pacific States_, Vol. II. p. 763. The meanings are from Brinton's _Maya Chronicles_, p. 38 _et seq._

[364] Brinton, _Maya Chronicles_, p. 44.

[365] Siméon Rémi, _Dictionnaire de la langue nahuatl_, p. xxxii.

[366] An error occurs on p. xxxiv of the work from which these numerals are taken, which makes the number in question appear as 279,999,999 instead of 1,279,999,999.

[367] Gallatin, "Semi-Civilized Nations of Mexico and Central America," _Tr. Am. Ethn. Soc._ Vol. I. p. 114.

[368] Pott, _Zählmethode_, p. 89. The Totonacos were the first race Cortez encountered after landing in Mexico.

[369] _Op. cit._, p. 90. The Coras are of the Mexican state of Sonora.

[370] Gallatin, _Semi-Civilized Nations_, p. 114.

[371] Humboldt, _Recherches_, Vol. II. p. 112.

[372] Squier, _Nicaragua_, Vol. II. p. 326.

[373] Gallatin, _Semi-Civilized Nations_, p. 57.

End of Project Gutenberg's The Number Concept, by Levi Leonard Conant