M.
Majus est delictum seipsum interficere quam alium.
It is a greater crime to kill ones-self, than to kill another.
Majus trahit ad se minus.
The greater draws the less to itself.
Mala grammatica non vitiat chartam.
Bad grammar does not vitiate a writ.
Male res se habet, cum quo virtute effici debeat, id tentatur pecunia.
The case is bad when that is attempted to be done with money, which ought to be effected by virtue.
Maledicta expositio quæ textum corrumpit.
It is a cursed exposition which corrupts the text.
Malitia supplet ætatem.
Malice supplies what is wanting in age.
Malum non præsumitur.
Evil is not presumed.
Malum quo communius eo pejus.
The more frequent the evil, the worse it is.
Malus usus est abolendus.
An abuse ought to be abolished.
Mandata legis ad literam casu aliquo impossibilia proxime ad mentem legis exequenda.
The commands of the law, when literally impossible in any case, ought to be performed as near as possible according to the intention of the law.
Mandatorius terminos sibi positos transgredi non potest.
A mandatory cannot exceed the bounds prescribed to him.
Manifesta probatione non indigent.
Manifest things do not require proof.
Maris et Fœminæ conjunctio est de jure naturæ.
The conjunction of male and female is according to the law of nature.
Matrimonia debent esse libera.
Marriages ought to be free.
Matrimonium subsequens tollit peccatum præcedens.
Subsequent marriage takes away the preceding transgression.
Melior est conditio possidentis.
The condition of the possessor is better.
Melior est conditio possidentis, et rei quam actoris.
The condition of the possessor is better, and that of the defender rather than the pursuer.
Melior est conditio possidentis, ubi neuter jus habet.
The condition of the possessor is better where neither hath a right.
Melior est justitia vere præveniens, quam severe puniens.
Justice truly preventing, is better than severely punishing.
Meliorem conditionem ecclesiæ suæ facere potest prælatus, deteriorem nequaquam.
A prelate may make the condition of his church better, by no means worse.
Meliorem conditionem suam facere potest minor, deteriorem nequaquam.
A minor may make his condition better, by no means worse.
Melius est jus deficiens quam jus incertum.
Defective law is better than uncertain law.
Melius est ut decem noxii evadant quam ut unus innocens pereat.
It is better that ten guilty persons escape, than that one innocent person perish.
Merito beneficium legis amittit qui legem ipsam subvertere intendit.
He deservedly loses the benefit of the law, who intends to subvert the law itself.
Messis sementum sequitur.
The harvest follows the seed time.
Metus quem agnoscunt leges in excusationem criminis, est talis qui cadere possit in constantem virum.
The fear which the law acknowledges in the excuse of a crime is such as can fall upon a steady man.
Minatur innocentibus qui parcit nocentibus.
He threatens the innocent, who spares the guilty.
Minima pœna corporalis est major quavis pœna pecuniaria.
The least corporeal punishment is greater, than any pecuniary punishment.
Minime sunt mutanda, quæ, interpretationem certam semper habuerunt.
Those things are by no means to be changed, which have always had a certain interpretation.
Ministeria recipiunt vicarium, sed non item pleraque judicaria.
The offices of servants admit of a substitute, but not in like manner do most judicatory offices.
Minor, meliorem conditionem suam facere potest, deteriorem nequaquam.
A minor may make his condition better, by no means worse.
Minor non tenetur placitare super hæreditate.
The minor is not bound to defend himself with respect to an inheritance.
Minor non tenetur respondere durante minori ætate; (nisi in causa dotis, propter favorem.)
The minor is not bound to answer during his minority, unless in the case of a dowry on account of favour.
Minus est actionem habere, quam rem.
It is less to have an action than the property.
Mobilia sequuntur personam.
Moveables follow the person.
Misera est servitus ubi jus est vagum aut incognitum.
Bondage is miserable where the law is vague or uncertain.
Mitius imperanti melius paretur.
The more mildly a man commands, the better is he obeyed.
Modus de non decimando non valet.
A mode of not taking tithes is unavailing.
Modus debet esse certus, rationabilis, et perantiquus.
A mode ought to be certain, reasonable, and very ancient.
Modus et conventio vincunt legem.
A mode and agreement overcome law.
Moneta est justum medium et mensura rerum commutabilium.
Money is a just medium and measure of things interchanged.
Monopolia dicitur, cum unus solus aliquod genus mercaturæ universum emit, pretium ad suum libitum statuens.
Monopoly is said to take place, when one buys wholly any kind of merchandise, fixing the price at his own pleasure.
Mora reprobatur in lege.
Delay is reprobated in law.
Morte donantis donatio confirmatur.
A donation is confirmed by the death of the donor.
Mos pro lege.
Custom is for law.
Multa non legibus humanis sed foro divino pertinent.
Many things belong not to human laws, but to the divine cognizance.
Multa non vetat lex quæ tamen tacite damnat.
The law does not prohibit many things which however it silently condemns.
Multi multa nemo omnia novit.
Many know many things; nobody knows all things.
Multa transeunt cum universitate quæ non per se transeunt.
Many things pass with the generality which do not pass by themselves.
Multiplicata transgressione crescat pœnæ inflicto.
Let the infliction of punishment increase as transgression multiplies.
Multitudo imperitorum perdit curiam.
A multitude of unskilful persons ruin the court.
Mutata forma interemitur prope substantia rei.
The substance of a thing is almost destroyed, its form being changed.
N.
Natura appetit perfectum; ita et lex.
Nature desires what is perfect; so does the law.
Natura non facit vacuum, nec lex supervacuum.
Nature makes no vacuum, nor does the law make any thing superfluous.
Naturale est quidlibet dissolvi eo modo quo ligatur.
It is natural that any thing be dissolved in the same way in which it is bound.
Ne in crastinum quod possis hodie.
Do not put off till to-morrow what you can do to-day.
Ne licitatorem venditor apponat.
Let not the seller appoint a person to bid.
Necessitas excusat aut extenuat delictum in capitalibus, quod non operatur idem in civilibus.
Necessity excuses or extenuates a transgression in capital cases, which does not operate the same in civil cases.
Necessitas facit licitum quod alias non est licitum.
Necessity makes a thing lawful, which otherwise is unlawful.
Necessitas inducit privilegium quod jure privatur.
Necessity brings in a privilege which is taken away by law.
Necessitas non habet legem.
Necessity hath no law.
Necessitas publica major est quam privata.
Public necessity is greater than private necessity.
Necessitas quod cogit, defendit.
What necessity compels to do, it defends.
Necessitas sub lege non continetur, quia quod alias non est licitum necessitas facit licitum.
Necessity is not bound down under law; because what in other cases is not lawful, necessity makes lawful.
Necessitas vincet legem,—legum vincula irridet.
Necessity will overcome the law,—baffles the restraints of law.
Nefarium per formulas legis laqueos innectere innocentibus.
It is infamous to lay snares for the innocent, by means of the forms of law.
Negatio destruit negationem.
Denial destroys denial.
Negatio non potest probari.
Denial cannot be proved.
Nemini in alium plus licet quam concessum est legibus.
More is allowed to no one against another, than what is granted by the laws.
Neminem oportet legibus esse sapientiorem.
It behoves no one to be wiser than the laws.
Nemo aliquam partem recte intelligere potest, antequam totum, iterum atque iterum perlegit.
Nobody can rightly understand any part before he peruses the whole again and again.
Nemo bis punitur pro eodem delicto.
Nobody is punished twice for the same transgression.
Nemo bis in periculum veniet pro eodem delicto.
Nobody shall come twice into danger for the same crime.
Nemo cogitur rem suam vendere, etiam justo pretio.
Nobody is forced to sell his own property even for a just price.
Nemo contra factum suam venire potest.
Nobody can come against his own deed.
Nemo damnum facit, nisi qui id fecit, quod facere jus non habet.
Nobody occasions a loss but he who did that which he had not a right to do.
Nemo dat qui non habet.
He who hath not cannot give.
Nemo debet bis puniri pro uno delicto; et Deus non agit bis in ipsum.
Nobody ought to be punished twice for one fault; and God does not act twice against him.
Nemo debet bis vexari, si constet curiæ, quod pro una et eadem causa.
Nobody ought to be twice harassed, if it be certain to the court, that it is for one and the same cause.
Nemo debet esse judex in propria causa.
No one ought to be a judge in his own cause.
Nemo debet locupletari ex alterius incommodo.
No one ought to be enriched at the expense of another.
Nemo debet rem suam sine facto aut defectu suo amittere.
Nobody ought to lose his own property, without his own deed or deficiency.
Nemo dubitat, solvendo videre cum qui defenditur.
No one hesitates by means of paying to see him who is defended.
Nemo est hæres viventis.
Nobody is the heir of the person living.
Nemo est supra leges.
Nobody is above the laws.
Nemo ex dolo suo proprio relevetur, aut auxilium capiat.
Let no one be relieved, or derive assistance from his own proper fraud.
Nemo ex his qui negant se debere, prohibitur etiam alia defensione uti; nisi lex impedit.
No one of those who deny that they are owing, is prohibited also to use another defence, unless, the law hinders.
Nemo ex suo delicto meliorem suam conditionem facere potest.
Nobody can make his condition better from his own crime.
Nemo factum a se alienum tenetur scire.
Nobody is bound to know an act or deed foreign to himself.
Nemo forrestam habet nisi rex.
Nobody has a forest but the king.
Nemo ideo obligatur, quia recepturus est ab alio quod præstiterit.
Nobody is bound, therefore, because he is about to receive from another what he hath performed.
Nemo idoneus publicum munus impositum potest recusare.
No fit person may refuse a public office imposed upon himself.
Nemo igitur ad littus maris accedere prohibetur.
Nobody, therefore, is prohibited to approach the sea shore.
Nemo inauditus nec summonitus condemnari debet, si non sit contumax.
Nobody ought to be condemned unheard, or without being summoned, if he be not contumacious.
Nemo, qui condemnare potest, absolvere non potest.
No one who can condemn, is unable to acquit.
Nemo judex esse debet in propria causa.
Nobody ought to be a judge in his own cause.
Nemo locupletandus est cum detrimento alterius.
Nobody is to be enriched by the loss of another.
Nemo militans Deo implicet se negotiis secularibus.
No one serving God should entangle himself with secular affairs.
Nemo plus commodi hæredi suo relinquit, quam ipse habuit.
Nobody leaves more advantage to his heir than he himself had.
Nemo plus juris ad alium transferre potest, quam ipse haberet.
Nobody can transfer more privilege to another, than he should have.
Nemo potest contra recordum verificare per patriam.
Nobody can certify against a record through the country.
Nemo potest episcopo mandare præter regem.
Nobody can give a mandate to a bishop, except the king.
Nemo potest esse tenens et dominus.
Nobody can be both tenant and master.
Nemo potest facere per alium quod per se non potest.
Nobody can do by another what he cannot do by himself.
Nemo potest gladii potestatem sibi datam, vel cujus alterius coercitionis, ad alium transferre.
Nobody can transfer to another the power of the sword given to himself, or of any other coercion.
Nemo potest immittere in alienum.
Nobody can send into another’s field.
Nemo potest mutare consilium suum in alterius injuriam.
Nobody can change his plan to the injury of another.
Nemo potest mutare consilium suum in præjudicium alterius.
Nobody can change his design to the prejudice of another.
Nemo potest nisi quod de jure potest.
No one can do any thing but what he can do by law.
Nemo potest plus juris ad alium transferre quam ipse habet.
Nobody can transfer more right to another than he has himself.
Nemo potest sibi mutare causam possessionis.
Nobody can change for himself the cause of his possession.
Nemo prædo est, qui pretium numeravit.
Nobody is a pirate, who hath told down the price.
Nemo præsumitur donare.
Nobody is presumed to give a donation.
Nemo procerum vel in jurata poni vel seniscallus manerii esse debet propter dignitatem.
No nobleman can either act as a juryman, or hold a menial office, on account of his dignity.
Nemo prohibetur pluribus defensionibus uti.
Nobody is prohibited to use many defences.
Nemo proprietatem rei sibi quærat invito domino.
Let no one ask the property of a thing to himself, while the owner is unwilling.
Nemo prudens punit ut præterita revocentur, sed ut futura præveniantur.
No prudent person punishes that past offences may be recalled, but that future ones may be prevented.
Nemo punitur pro alieno delicto.
Nobody is punished for another person’s transgression.
Nemo qui non sit clericus beneficium clericale habebit bis.
No one who is not a clergyman shall have a clerical benefice twice.
Nemo rem suam amittat, nisi ex facto aut delicto suo aut neglectu.
Let no one lose his own property, unless by his own deed, transgression, or neglect.
Nemo tenetur armare adversarium contra se.
Nobody is bound to arm his adversary against himself.
Nemo tenetur edere instrumenta contra se.
Nobody is bound to furnish arms against himself.
Nemo tenetur jurare in suam turpitudinem.
Nobody is bound to swear to his own disgrace.
Nemo tenetur seipsum accusare.
Nobody is bound to accuse himself.
Nemo videtur fraudare eos, qui sciunt et consentiunt.
Nobody appears to defraud those who know and consent.
Neque leges, neque senatus consulta ita scribi possunt, ut omnes casus, qui quandoque inciderint, comprehendantur; sed sufficit ea quæ plærumque accidunt contineri.
Neither laws nor acts of parliament can be so written that they may comprehend all cases which at any one time shall have happened; but it is sufficient that those be contained in them, which for the most part happen.
Nihil calliditate stultius.
Nothing is more foolish than cunning.
Nihil dat qui non habet.
He gives nothing who has nothing.
Nihil facit error nominis cum de corpore constat.
A mistake with regard to the name does nothing, when we are certain of the person.
Nihil in lege intolerabilius est, eandem rem diverso jure censeri.
Nothing is more intolerable in law, than that the same thing be judged by a different rule.
Nihil interest, ipso jure quis actionem non habeat, an per exceptionem infirmetur.
It is of no consequence in the law itself, who may not have an action, or may be weakened by an exception.
Nihil magis consentaneum est, quam ut iisdem modis res dissolvatur quibus constituerit.
Nothing is more agreeable than that a matter be dissolved by the same means by which it was constituted.
Nihil perfectum est dum aliquid restat agendum.
Nothing is perfect while something remains to be done.
Nihil potest rex nisi quod de jure potest.
The king can do nothing, unless what he can do by the law.
Nihil quod est contra rationem est licitum.
Nothing which is against reason is lawful.
Nihil quod inconveniens est, licitum est.
Nothing which is inconvenient is allowed.
Nihil tam naturale est, quam eo genere quidque dissolvere, quo colligatum est. Ideo verborum obligatio verbis tollitur; nudi consensus obligatio contrario consensu dissolvitur.
Nothing is so natural as to dissolve any thing in the way in which it was bound together. Therefore the obligation of words is taken away by words; the obligation of mere consent is dissolved by the contrary consent.
Nihil tam conveniens est naturali æquitati quam unumquodque dissolvi eo ligamine quo ligatum est.
There is nothing so agreeable to natural equity, than that every thing be dissolved by that tie by which it was bound.
Nihil tam conveniens est naturali æquitati quam voluntatem domini rem suam in alium transferre, ratam habere.
Nothing is so agreeable to natural equity, as to reckon valid the will of a master to transfer his property to another.
Nihil tam proprium est imperii quam legibus vivere.
Nothing is so peculiar to empire, as to live by the laws.
Nihil tam naturale est, quam eo genere quodque dissolvere quo colligatum est.
Nothing is so natural as to dissolve any thing in that way in which it was bound.
Nihil cuiquam expedit quod per leges non licet.
What is not allowed by the laws is profitable to none.
Nil iniquius quam æquitatem nimis intendere.
Nothing is so unjust as to stretch equity too far.
Nil tam proprium imperii ac libertatis quam legibus vivere.
Nothing is so peculiar to empire and liberty, as to live by the laws.
Nil utile aut honestum quod legibus contrarium.
Nothing is useful or honourable, which is contrary to the laws.
Nimia certitudo certitudinem ipsam destruit.
Too great certainty destroys certainty itself.
Nimia subtilitas in lege reprobatur.
Too much subtility is reprobated in the law.
Nolumus leges Angliæ mutari quæ hujusque usitatæ sunt atque approbatæ.
We are unwilling that the laws of England should be changed, which hitherto have been in common use and approved.
Non accipi debent verba in falsum quæ competunt in verum.
Words ought not to be received for a falsehood which are competent to truth.
Non alienat, qui duntaxat omittit possessionem.
He does not alienate who merely omits possession.
Non alio modo puniatur aliquis, quam secundum quod se habet condemnatio.
No one can be punished in any other way, than according to what his condemnation is.
Non capitur, qui jus publicum sequitur.
He is not taken who follows public right.
Non crimen per se neque privatum damnum sed publicum malum leges spectant.
The laws do not regard a crime by itself, nor as a private loss, but as a public evil.
Non dat qui contra leges dat.
He does not give, who gives contrary to law.
Non debeo melioris conditionis esse, quam auctor meus, a quo jus in me transit.
I ought not to be in a better condition than my author, from whom the right passes to me.
Non debet alteri per alterum iniqua conditio inferri.
An unjust condition ought not to be brought forward to one, by means of another.
Non debet, cui plus licet, quod minus est non licere.
To whom more is allowed, that which is less ought to be allowed.
Non debet actori licere, quod reo non permittitur.
That ought not to be allowed to the pursuer, which is not permitted to the defender.
Non decipitur, qui scit se decipi.
He is not deceived, who knows that he is himself deceived.
Non defendere videtur, non tantum qui latitat, sed et is qui præsens negat se defendere, aut non vult suscipere actionem.
Not only he who sculks, but likewise he who when present refuses to defend himself, or does not wish to undertake an
## action, seems not to defend.
Non effecit affectus nisi sequatur effectus.
The inclination has had no effect, unless the effect follow.
Non est disputandum contra principia negantem.
We must not dispute against a person denying first principles.
Non est lex sed servitus ad tenere quibus non consenseris.
To be held by the things to which you may not have consented, is not law, but servitude.
Non est deleganda reipublicæ cura personæ non idoneæ.
The care of the republic is not to be delegated to an improper person.
Non est dives rex ubi subditi pauperes.
The king is not rich, when his subjects are poor.
Non est novum, ut quæ semel utiliter constituta sunt durent, licet ille casus extiterit, a quo initium capere non potuerint.
It is not strange, that what have once advantageously been constituted endure, although the case may exist, from which they could not have taken a beginning.
Non est singulis concedendum quod publice per magistratum fieri possit, ne occasio sit majoris tumultus faciendi.
We must not grant to individuals, what can be publicly done by a magistrate, lest there should be an occasion of making a greater tumult.
Non morbus plerumque sed curatio neglecta interficit.
It is not the disease, which for the most part kills, but the neglecting of the cure.
Non minor est proditio legis quam regem velle perdere.
The betraying of the law, is not less than to wish to destroy the king.
Non minus sunt turpia principi multa supplicia quam medico multa funera.
Many punishments are no less disgraceful to a prince, than many funerals to a physician.
Non potest rex gratiam facere cum injuria alterius.
The king cannot do a favour to the injury of another.
Non omnia domino in servos licita.
All things are not allowed to a master towards his servants.
Non solet deterior conditio fieri eorum, qui litem contestati sunt, quam si non, sed plerumque melior.
The condition of those who have contested a suit, is not wont to be worse, than if they had not, but for the most part better.
Non valet impedimentum quod de jure non sortitur effectum.
An impediment is not valid, which does not obtain effect from law.
Non videtur cepisse, qui per exceptionem a petitione removetur.
He does not seem to have obtained right, who by exception is removed from making his request.
Non videtur consensum retinuisse, si quis ex præscripto minantis aliquid immutavit.
He does not seem to have still given his consent, if any one hath changed any thing by the command of a person threatening him.
Non videtur quisquam id capere, quod ei necesse est alii restituere.
No one seems to obtain that which it is necessary for him to restore unto another.
Non videntur rem amittere, quibus propria non fuit.
They do not seem to lose their property to whom it did not belong.
Non videntur, qui errant consentire.
They do not seem to consent, who commit a mistake.
Novum judicium non dat novum jus, sed declarat antiquum; quia judicium est juris dictum, et per judicium jus est noviter revelatum quod diu fuit velatum.
A new trial does not give a new law, but declares the ancient law; because a trial is the dictate of law, and by trial the law is revealed of new, which for a long time was veiled.
Novatio non præsumitur.
Innovation is not presumed.
Nothus nullius est filius.
A bastard is the son of nobody.
Nudum pactum est ubi nulla subest causa præter conventionem; sed ubi subest causa, fit obligatio, et parit actionem.
A mere naked bargain is, where no cause exists, except agreement; but where a cause exists, an obligation takes place, and is the foundation of an action.
Nulla impossibilia aut inhonesta sunt præsumenda; vera autem et honesta et possibilia.
No impossible or dishonourable things are to be presumed; but true, honourable, and possible things.
Nulla pœna capitis nulla quæ hominum remve ejus destruat esse potest nisi legibus præfinita.
No capital punishment, no punishment which may destroy either a man or his property can be, unless determined by the law beforehand.
Nulla res vehementius rempublicam continet quam fides.
Nothing holds the state more strongly together than honesty.
Nulla virtus, nulla scientia, locum suum et dignitatem, conservare potest sine modestia.
No virtue, no knowledge, can preserve its place and dignity, without moderation.
Nulla unquam de morte hominis cunctatio longa est.
No delay is ever long about the death of a man.
Nullius charta legibus potest derogare.
The written deed of no one can derogate from the laws.
Nulli vendemus nulli negabimus aut differemus justitiam vel rectum.
To none shall we sell, to none shall we deny, or put off justice, or rectitude.
Nullum crimen patitur is qui non prohibet, cum prohibere (non) potest.
He is chargeable with no crime who does not hinder when he has no power to hinder.
Nullum damnum sine remedio.
There is no loss without a remedy.
Nullum exemplum est idem omnibus.
No example is the same to all.
Nullum iniquum est præsumendum in jure.
Nothing unjust is to be presumed in law.
Nullum iniquum in jure præsumendum est.
No injustice is to be presumed in law.
Nullum medicamentum est idem omnibus.
No remedy is applicable to all cases.
Nullum simile est idem.
No similar thing is the same.
Nullum tempus occurrit regi: Rex nunquam moritur.
No time occurs to the king; the king never dies.
Nullum tempus occurrit regi: Rex nunquam.
No time occurs to the king; the king never fails.
Nullus commodum capere potest de injuria sua propria.
No one can derive advantage from his own proper injury.
Nullus dicitur accessorius post feloniam, sed ille qui novit principalem feloniam fecisse.
None is called an accessory after felony, but he who knows that he committed the principal felony.
Nullus recedat e curia cancellaria sine remedio.
Let no one apply to the court of chancery without obtaining redress.
Nullus videtur dolo facere qui jure suo utitur.
No one seems to act with guile, who uses his own right.
Nunquam concluditur in falso.
A conclusion is never drawn in a supposed case.
Nunquam crescit ex post facto præteriti delicti æstimatio.
The estimation of a past transgression never increases from an after-deed.
Nunquam decurritur ad extraordinarium sed ubi deficit ordinarium.
Recourse is never had to an extraordinary case, but when an ordinary one fails.
Nunquam nimis dicitur quod nunquam satis dicitur.
Too much is never spoken when never enough is spoken.
Nunquam præscribitur in falso.
Prescription is never founded in falsehood.
Nunquam recurritur ad extraordinarium ubi valet ordinarium.
We never have recourse to an extraordinary instance, when an ordinary one is valid.
Nuptias, non concubitus, sed consensus facit.
Not cohabitation, but consent, constitutes marriage.
O.
Ob reverentiam personarium et metum perjurii.
A person’s embarrassment proceeds from respect and fear of perjury.
Obedientia est legis essentia.
Obedience is the essence of the law.
Oderunt peccare boni, virtutis amore.
The good hate to sin, from a love of virtue.
Oderunt peccare mali, formidine pœnæ.
The wicked hate to sin, from a fear of punishment.
Odio et amore judex careat.
Let a judge be free from hatred and love.
Odiosa et inhonesta non sunt in lege præsumenda; et in facto quod se habet ad bonum et malum, magis de bono quam de malo præsumendum est.
Odious and dishonourable things are not to be presumed in law; and in facts which relate to good and evil, it is more to be presumed concerning good, than concerning evil.
Officium nemini debet esse damnosum.
Duty ought to be hurtful to none.
Omne actum ab agentis intentione est judicandum.
Every action is to be judged from the intention of the agent.
Omne crimen ebrietas et incendit, detegit, et auget.
Drunkenness both inflames, detects, and aggravates every crime.
Omne jus et omnis actio injuriarum tempore finita et circumscripta sunt.
Every law and every action is finished and circumscribed by the time of the injury.
Omne testamentum morte consummatum est.
Every testament is completed by the death of the testator.
Omnes in defensionem reipublicæ vita bonisque omnibus cives tenentur.
All subjects are bound to defend the republic with their life and all their goods.
Omnia Deo gratia, hominibus utilia reipublicæ honesta privatis justa et commoda probant leges: et pro viribus cuique imponunt.
The laws approve all things agreeable to God, useful to men, honourable to the state, just and advantageous to private persons, and impose them upon every one according to his faculties.
Omnia delicta in aperto leviora sunt.
All transgressions openly committed are less.
Omnia honeste et ordine fiant.
Let all things be done honourably, and in order.
Omnia præsumuntur solemniter esse acta.
All actions are usually presumed to be done in a solemn manner.
Omnia præsumuntur in odium spoliatoris.
All things are presumed in hatred of the spoiler.
Omnia præsumuntur legibus facta.
All things are presumed done by the laws.
Omnia præsumuntur legitime facta, donec probetur in contrarium.
All things are presumed lawfully done, until it be proved to the contrary.
Omnia præsumuntur solemniter.
All things are presumed to be done with the usual solemnity.
Omnia quæcunque causæ cognitionem desiderant, per libellum expedire non possunt.
All things which require cognizance, cannot be explained by a memorial.
Omnia, quæ jure contrahuntur, contrario jure pereunt.
All things which are contracted by law, perish by a contrary law.
Omnia quæ sunt uxoris sunt ipsius viri: non habet uxor potestatem suæ, sed vir.
All things which belong to the wife, belong to her husband; the wife has no power herself, but the husband.
Omnia uxoris durante conjugio, mariti sunt.
All things pertaining to the wife, belong to the husband while marriage continues.
Omnis conclusio boni et veri judicii, sequitur ex bonis et veris præmissis et dictis juratorum.
Every result of a good and fair trial follows, from the good and fair premises, and words of the jurors.
Omnis consensus tollit errorem.
All consent takes away error.
Omnis contractus turpitudinis legibus invisus.
Every disgraceful contract is odious to the laws.
Omnis definitio in jure civili periculosa est, parum est enim ut non subverti possit.
Every definition in the civil law is dangerous, for there is a chance of its being overturned.
Omnis indemnatus pro innoxio legibus habetur.
Every uncondemned person is reckoned as innocent by the laws.
Omnis innovatio plus novitate perturbat quam utilitate prodest.
Every innovation disturbs more by its novelty, than it does good by its utility.
Omnis lascivia legibus vetita.
All wantonness is forbidden by the laws.
Omnis nova constitutio futuris temporibus formam imponere debet; non præteritis.
Every new constitution ought to impose a form on future times, not on past times.
Omnis hæreditas quamvis postea adeatur, tamen cum tempore mortis continuatur.
In whatever manner any inheritance may be entered upon, yet it is continued till the time of death.
Omnibus infra regnum orantibus legis remedium patet.
The remedy of the law lies open to all within the kingdom who ask it.
Optima interpres legum consuetudo.
Custom is the best interpreter of the laws.
Optimus interpretandi modus est, sic leges interpretare ut leges legibus concordant.
The best method of interpreting, is so to interpret the laws, that laws agree with laws.
Optimus interpres rerum usus.
Use is the best interpreter of things.
Optimus legum interpres consuetudo.
Custom is the best interpreter of laws.
P.
Pacta dant legem contractui.
Bargains give a law to contract.
Pacta privata juri publico derogare non possunt.
Private bargains cannot derogate from public right.
Pacta quæ contra leges constitutionesque vel contra bonos mores fiunt, nullam vim habere indubitati juris est.
It is a part of established law, that bargains have no force which are made against laws, and constituted authorities are against good manners.
Pacta reciproca vel utrosque ligant vel neutrum.
Mutual bargains bind both parties, or neither.
Pacta vel ex naturæ et sanguinis vi, vel ex mutuo fructu, vel ex auctoritate et præsumptione legis obligant.
Bargains are binding either from the ties of nature and blood, or from mutual advantage, or from authority, and from presumption of law.
Pactis privatorum publico juri derogari nequit.
By the bargains of private persons, nothing can be derogated from public law.
Pacto aliquod licitum est quod sine pacto non admittitur.
Any thing is allowed by a bargain, which is not admitted without a bargain.
Panis egentium vita pauperum et qui defraudat eos vir sanguinis.
He is a man of violence, who deprives the indigent poor of bread, and who defrauds them.
Par in parem imperium non habet.
Equal has no power over equal.
Par scientiæ pares contrahentes facit.
Like makes those who repair to him, his like in wisdom.
Paribus sententiis reus absolvitur.
A guilty person is absolved by an equal number of votes, for or against him.
Parentum est liberos alere etiam nothos.
It is the duty of parents to maintain their children, even bastards.
Partem aliquam recte intelligere nemo potest, antequam totum, iterum atque iterum, perlegerit.
Nobody can rightly understand any part, before he hath perused the whole again and again.
Partes rei sunt favorabiliores.
The condition of the defender is more favourable.
Parum proficit scire quid fieri debet, si non cognoscas quo modo sit faciendum.
It is of little avail to know what ought to be done, if you do not know how it may be done.
## Particeps criminis non est audiendus.
The accomplice of a crime is not to be heard.
Paribus sententiis reus absolvitur.
The accused is acquitted by an equal number of votes, for, or against him.
Patefactio rei trahit ad se remedium.
The disclosing of a matter draws a remedy to itself.
Partus ex legitimo thoro non certius noscit matrem quam genitorem suum.
The offspring of a lawful marriage does not more certainly know its mother than its father.
Partus sequitur ventrem.
The offspring follows the mother.
Pater est quem nuptiæ demonstrant.
He is the father whom the marriage demonstrates to be so.
Paterna paternis, materna maternis.
Paternal things belong to a father, maternal things to the mother.
Peccata contra naturam sunt gravissima.
Sins against nature are most heinous.
Pecunia dicitur a _pecus_, omnes enim veterum divitiæ in animalibus consistebant.
The Latin name for money is derived from another Latin term signifying cattle; for all the riches of the ancients consisted of animals.
Pejus est judicio quam per vim injuste facere.
It is worse to act in a trial unjustly, than by force.
Pendente lite nihil innovetur.
When the law-suit is pending, let there be no innovation.
Pendenti lite nihil innovandum.
While a law-suit is depending, no innovation ought to take place.
Per rationes pervenitur ad legitimam (legalem) rationem.
We arrive at the legitimate meaning by reasonings.
Per varios actus, legem experientia fecit.
Experience has made law by various acts.
Pereat unus, ne pereant omnes.
Let one perish, lest all should perish.
Periculosum est quod non bonorum virorum comprobatur exemplis.
That is dangerous which is not countenanced by the examples of good men.
Periculosum est res novas et inusitatas inducere.
It is dangerous to introduce strange and unusual things.
Perjurii pœna divina exitium humana dedecus.
The divine punishment of perjury is destruction; the human punishment is disgrace.
Perjuri sunt qui servatis verbis juramenti decipiunt aures eorum qui accipiunt.
They are perjured who observing the words of an oath, deceive the ears of those who hear them.
Perpetua lex est nullam legem humanam ac positivam perpetuam esse; et clausula quæ abrogationem excludit, ab initio non valet.
It is a perpetual law, that there is no human and positive law perpetual; and the clause which excludes disannulling, is not valid from the beginning.
Perpetuitatibus lex obsistit.
The law opposes perpetuities.
Persona conjuncta æquiparatur interesse proprio.
A conjunct person has an equal share in his own right.
Perspicua vera non sunt probanda.
Self-evident truths are not to be proved.
Pirata communis omnium hostis.
A pirate is the common enemy of all men.
Placita debent apte concludere.
The wills of superiors ought to conclude fitly.
Placita ex directo esse debent, et nil per inductionem supponere.
The writs of superiors ought to be directly expressed, and to suppose nothing by way of induction or inference.
Placita negativa duo exitum non faciunt.
Two negative wills produce no effect.
Placitorum alia dilatoria, alia peremptoria.
Some edicts admit of delay, others are peremptory.
Placitum affirmativum sine negativo exitum non facit.
An affirmative will produces no effect without a negative.
Placitum debet esse verum, sufficiens, certum, simplex, et brevi congruens, et præcedentibus constans, et ordinem spectans.
A will ought to be true, sufficient, clear, simple, and agreeing with the brief, and consisting with preceding ones, and having regard to order.
Placitum mendax non est placitum.
A lying will, is not a will.
Placitum nemo cassabit nisi melius dando.
Nobody can make void a will, unless by giving what is better.
Plus cautionis in re est, quam in persona.
There is more security in property, than in a person.
Plus enim valet quod agitur quam quod similate concipitur.
The matter in question is of greater weight than the induction which can be taken from similar ones.
Plus exempla quam peccata nocent.
Examples do more harm than transgressions.
Plus peccat auctor quam per quem agitur.
The adviser is worse than the agent.
Plus peccat author quam actor.
The adviser transgresses more than the agent.
Plus valet oculatus testis unus, quam auriti decem.
One eye witness is more valid, than ten ear witnesses.
Plus valet vulgaris consuetudo, quam regalis concessio.
Common custom is more valid, than a royal grant.
Plus vident oculi quam oculus.
Two eyes see more than one.
Pœna ad paucos, metus ad omnes perveniat.
Let punishment come to a few, fear to all.
Pœna non debet ante ire crimen.
Punishment ought not to precede a crime.
Pœna et delicti defuncti hæres teneri non debet.
An heir cannot be bound by the punishment and transgression of the deceased.
Pœnæ potius molliendæ, quam exasperandæ sunt.
Punishments are rather to be mitigated, than made more severe.
Pœna vel remedium ex incrementio quod prius erat non tollit.
Neither punishment nor remedy, takes away from the increase which was before.
Politiæ legibus non leges politiis adaptandæ.
Policies ought to be adapted to the laws, not laws to the policies.
Pondere, numero, et mensura.
By weight, by number, and by measure.
Populus Anglicanus nemini servire aut consuevit aut debuit nisi Deo et legibus.
The people of England have been accustomed to be subject to nobody, nor ought they; but to God and the laws.
Populus Anglicanus non nisi suis legibus quas ipse elegerit tenetur obtemperare.
The people of England are bound to obey only their own laws, which they themselves have chosen.
Possessio contra omnes valet, præter eum cui jus sit possessionis.
Possession is valid against all, except him who has the right of possession.
Possessio fratris de fœdo simplici facit sororem esse hæredem.
The possession of a brother of a simple feu, makes his sister to be his heiress.
Possessio terminum tenentis, possessio reversionarii est habenda.
The possession of the tenant of a fund, is to be reckoned the possession of a reversionary.
Posteriora derogant prioribus.
Latter things derogate from the former.
Potestas regia est facere justitiam.
To do justice is royal power.
Potior est conditio possidentis.
The condition of a possessor is preferable.
Potius est privatum incommodum quam publicum malum.
A private inconvenience, is better than a public evil.
Potentia debet sequi justitiam, non antecedere.
Power ought to follow justice, not to go before it.
Potestas suprema seipsum dissolvere potest, ligare non potest.
The supreme power can dissolve itself; it cannot bind itself.
Præscriptio est titulus ex usu et tempore substantiam capiens ab authoritate legis.
Prescription is a title from use and time, deriving substance from the authority of the law.
Præscriptio est titulus qui sequitur personam, ex usu et tempore substantiam capiens ex auctoritate legis.
Prescription is a title, which follows the person from use and time, deriving substance from the authority of the law.
Præscriptio non datur in bona felonum nisi per recordum.
Prescription is not granted against the goods of felons, unless by record.
Præsentia corporis tollit errorem nominis; et veritas nominis tollit errorem demonstrationis.
The presence of the body, takes away mistake of name; and the truth of the name removes the error of demonstration.
Præsenti periculo succurrendum nequa oriri possit injuria.
We must bring relief to present danger, lest any injury may arise.
Præstat cautela quam medela.
Caution is better than a remedy.
Præsumitur Rex habere omnia jura in scrinio pectoris sui.
The king is presumed to have all the law, in the recess of his heart.
Præsumptio violenta valet in lege.
Strong presumption is valid in law.
Prætextu liciti non debet admitti illicitum.
An unlawful thing ought not to be admitted under a lawful pretext.
Prærogativum est, ejus Regis bonum et antiquum, in decus et tutamen regni, secundum bonas et antiquas populi libertates et legis Anglicanæ leges et consuetudines.
Prerogative is the good and ancient right of the king, for the honour and protection of the kingdom, according to the good and ancient liberties of the people, and the usages and customs of the English laws.
Pretium succedit in loco rei.
A price comes in the place of the property.
Primus actus judicii est judicis approbatorius.
The first act of a trial, is the approbatory act of the judge.
Principalis debet semper excuti antequam perveniatur ad fidei jussores.
The principal ought always to be discussed, before recourse be had to his cautioners.
Principia data sequuntur concomitantia.
When principal things are granted, concomitants follow.
Principia probant, non probantur.
Principles prove, are not proved.
Principiis obsistendum.
We must resist principles.
Principis beneficium debet esse mansurum.
The favour of a prince ought to be permanent.
Privatorum conventio juri publico non derogat.
The agreement of a private person, does not derogate from public law.
Privatum commodum publico cedit.
Private advantage yields to public.
Privilegium non valet contra rempublicam.
Privilege is not valid against the state.
Pro possessore habetur, qui dolo desiit possidere.
He is considered as a possessor, who no longer possesses by fraud.
Pro possessore habetur, qui dolo injuriave desiit possidere.
He is considered as a possessor, who no longer possesses by fraud or injury.
Probandi necessitas incumbit illi qui agit.
The necessity of proving, lies on him who raises the action.
Probationes debent esse evidentes, perspicuæ et faciles intelligi.
Proofs ought to be evident, perspicuous, and easily understood.
Prohibetur ne quis faciat in suo quod nocere possit alteri.
It is forbidden that any one should do in his own concern what might hurt another.
Prohibetur ne quis faciat in suo quod nocere possit in alieno.
It is prohibited that any one should do in his own concern, what may be hurtful to another person.
Propinquior excludit propinquium; et propinquus remotum, et remotus remotiorem.
A nearer relation excludes propinquity; and a relation a remote person; and a remote person, one more remote.
Proprium est Regis gratiam delicti facere.
It is the prerogative of the king to pardon a transgression.
Proprietates verborum servandæ sunt.
The proprieties of words are to be observed.
Protectio trahit subjectionem, et subjectio protectionem.
Protection draws along with it subjection, and subjection protection.
Proximus sum egomet mihi.
I myself am nearest to myself.
Prudenter agit qui præcepto legis obtemperat.
He acts prudently who obeys the precept of the laws.
Q.
Quæ ad unum finem loquuta sunt, non debent ad alium detorqueri.
What things have been spoken to one purpose ought not to be improperly applied to another.
Quæ cohærent personæ a persona separari nequeunt.
Things inherent to a person, cannot be separated from a person.
Quæ communi legi derogant stricte interpretantur.
The things which derogate from common law, are strictly interpreted.
Quæ contra rationem juris introducta sunt, non debent trahi in consequentiam.
What things are introduced against the rule of right, ought not to be drawn into consequence.
Quæ dubitationis causa tollendæ inseruntur, communem legem non lædunt.
What things are inserted for the sake of removing ambiguity, do not hurt common law.
Quæ dubitationis tollendæ causa contractibus inseruntur, jus commune non lædunt.
What things are inserted in contracts for the purpose of taking away ambiguity, do not hurt common law.
Quæ in partes dividi nequeunt solida a singulis præstantur.
What cannot be divided into parts, are performed in the lump by individuals.
Quæ in testamento ita sunt scripta, ut intelligi non possint: perinde sunt, ac si scripta non essent.
What things are so written in a testament that they cannot be understood, are just as if they had not been written.
Quæ incontinenti vel certo fiunt inesse videntur.
Those things which are done at once, or certainly, seem to be inherent.
Quæ inter alios acta sunt nemini nocere debent, sed prodesse possunt.
What things are done among others, ought to hurt nobody, but may do good.
Quæ legi communi derogant non sunt trahenda in exemplum.
What things derogate from common law, are not to be drawn into example.
Quæ non valeant (prosunt) singula, juncta juvant.
Those things which are of no avail when single, are profitable when joined.
Quæ non valerent singula, juncta juvant.
What things would not avail single, are profitable when joined.
Quæ præter consuetudinem et morem majorem fiunt, neque placent, neque recte videntur.
What things are done contrary to custom and ancient usage, neither please nor seem to be proper.
Quæ rerum natura prohibentur, nulla lege confirmata sunt.
What things are prohibited in the nature of things, are confirmed by no law.
Quæ singula non prosunt, juncta juvant.
Single things which do no good, assist when combined.
Quæ sunt temporalia ad agendum, sunt perpetua ad excipiendum.
What things are temporal with regard to action, are perpetual for receiving.
Quæcunque intra rationem legis inveniuntur, intra ipsam legem esse judicantur.
Whatsoever things are found within the meaning of the law, are judged to be within the reach of the law.
Quæcunque lex vult fieri non vult frustra fieri.
Whatsoever the law wishes to be done, it wishes not to be done in vain.
Quædam in majus malum vitandum permittet lex quæ tamen nequaquam probet.
The law allows certain things for the avoiding of a greater evil, which, however, it by no means approves.
Quælibet concessio fortissime contra donatorem interpretanda est.
Any grant is most forcibly to be interpreted against the donor.
Quælibet pœna corporalis quamvis minima, major est qualibet pœna pecuniaria.
The least corporeal punishment, is greater than any pecuniary punishment.
Quæstio fit de legibus, non de personis.
A question is made concerning the laws, not concerning persons.
Qualitas quæ inesse debet, facile præsumitur.
The quality which ought to be inherent, is easily presumed.
Quamvis aliquid ex se non sit malum, tamen si sit mali exempli, non est faciendum.
Although a thing is not bad of itself, however, if it has a tendency to set a bad example, it is not to be done.
Quamvis lex generaliter loquitur, restringenda tamen est ut cessante ratione et ipsa cessat: cum enim ratio sit anima vigorque ipsius legis, non videtur legislator id sensisse quod ratione careat, etiamsi verborum generalitas prima facie aliter suadeat.
Although the law speaks in the general, it is, however, to be restricted that while the reason, or meaning ceaseth, itself likewise ceaseth; for since reason is the soul and strength of the law itself, the legislator does not seem to have intended that which wants a reason, although the generality of words may at first sight induce us to believe otherwise.
Quamvis aliquid per se non sit malum, tamen si sit mali exempli, non est faciendum.
Although any thing may not be evil of itself, however, if it be of bad example, it is not to be done.
Quando aliquid cui conceditur, conceditur et id per quod pervenitur ad illud.
When any thing is granted to any one, likewise that is granted by which he comes to it.
Quando aliquid prohibetur ex directo, prohibetur et per obliquum.
When any thing is prohibited directly, it is prohibited likewise indirectly.
Quando aliquid prohibetur, prohibetur omne id per quod devenitur ad illud.
When any thing is prohibited, that also is prohibited by which we come to that.
Quando charta continet generalem clausulam, posteaque descendit ad verba specialia, quæ clausulæ generali sunt consentanea, interpretanda est charta secundum verba specialia.
When a charter contains a general clause, and afterwards descends to special expressions, which are agreeable to the general clause, the charter is to be interpreted according to the special words.
Quando lex aliquid alicui concedit, concedere videtur id sine quo res ipsa esse non potest.
When the law grants any thing to any one, it seems to grant that without which the thing itself cannot exist.
Quando lex aliquid alicui concedit, omnia incidentia tacite conceduntur.
When the law grants any thing to any one, all incidental things are tacitly granted.
Quando lex est specialis, ratio autem generalis, generaliter lex est intelligenda.
When the law is special, but the reason general, the law is to be generally understood.
Quando plus fit quam fieri debet, videtur etiam illud fieri quod faciendum fuit.
When more is done than ought to be done, that too seems to be done, which should have been done.
Quando verba statuti sunt specialia, ratio autem generalis, generaliter statutum est intelligendum.
When the words of a statute are special, but the reason general, the statute is to be understood generally.
Quemadmodo non respondent judices, ita, ea quæstionem juris non respondent juratores. [Transcriber’s Note: This maxim should read, “Quemadmodum ad quæstionem facti non respondent judices, ita ad quæstionem juris non respondent juratores.”]
As judges do not reply, so, from that the jurors do not answer a question of law. [Transcriber’s Note: This translation should be, “As judges do not answer to questions of fact, jurors do not answer to questions of law.”]
Qui ab alio derivatum jus habet, non alia lege obtinebit ac is unde derivatum est.
He who hath a right derived from another, will not obtain it by any other law than he from whom it is derived.
Qui abjurat regnum amittit regnum sed non regem, patriam, sed non patrem patriæ.
He who abjures the kingdom, loses the kingdom; but not the king his native country, but not the father of his country.
Qui accusat integræ famæ sit et non criminosus.
Let him who accuses, be of unblemished character, and not criminal.
Qui adimit medium dirimit finem.
He who takes away the middle, will demolish the end.
Qui alienas res negligenter perdit, aut vi vel dolo malo aufert, suas amittitio.
Whosoever negligently ruins another man’s property, or takes it away by force, or evil fraud, let him lose his own.
Qui æquitatem petit, æquitatem faciat.
Whosoever demands justice, let him practise justice.
Qui aliquid statuerit, parte inaudita altera æquum licet dixerit, haud æquum fecerit.
He who shall have determined any thing, the one party being unheard, though he may speak justice, hath not done what is just.
Qui altari serviunt ab altari vivant.
They who serve at the altar, should live by the altar.
Qui alterum incusat ne in eodem saltem genere sit incusandus.
Let him who accuses another, not be accused, at least in the same way.
Qui animo peccandi aliquid facit, videtur peccasse ab initio.
He who does any thing with the intention of transgressing, seems to have transgressed from the beginning.
Qui beneficium legis extra ordinem quærit, puras manus afferto.
Whosoever seeks the benefit of the law extraordinarily, let him lift up pure hands.
Qui bene distinguit, bene docet.
He who distinguishes well, teaches well.
Qui bene interrogat, bene docet.
He who interrogates well, teaches well.
Qui bonis viris pauperibus dat legibus opitulatur; qui malis et inertibus segetem malorum fovet et legum opprobrium.
He who assists good men in poverty, gives to the laws; he who assists the wicked and inactive, fosters a multitude of bad people, and is the disgrace of the laws.
Qui causa decedit causa cadit.
He who departs from his cause, falleth from his cause.
Qui cum alio contrahit, vel est, vel debet esse, non ignarus ejus conditionis; hæredi autem hoc imputari non potest, cum non sponte cum legatariis contrahit.
He who contracts with another, either is not, or ought not to be ignorant of his condition; but this cannot be imputed to his heir, since he contracts not of his own accord with the legatees.
Qui dat pauperibus Deo dat.
He gives to God, who gives to the poor.
Qui destruit medium, destruit finem.
He who destroys the middle, destroys the end.
Qui dolo desierit possidere, pro possidente pro possessione dolus est.
He who shall cease to possess by craft, instead of a possessor, is crafty for the possessor.
Qui inertibus dat industrios nudat.
He who gives to the sluggish, defrauds the industrious.
Qui ex parte testamenti aliquid donatum accipit, universo testamento stabit.
He who receives any thing by a part of a will, shall stand by the whole will.
Qui extra causam divagatur calumniando, punitor.
Whosoever wanders out of his cause by uttering calumny, let him be punished.
Qui facit per alium, facit per se.
He who acts by means of another, acts by himself.
Qui habet jurisdictionem absolvendi, habet jurisdictionem ligandi.
He who has the right of acquitting, has the right of binding.
Qui hæret in litera hæret in cortice.
He who sticks to the letter, sticks merely to the bark.
Qui in alterius locum succedunt justam habent ignorantiæ causam, an id quod petitur deberetur: fide jussores, non minus quam hæredes, justam ignorantiam possunt allegare.
They who succeed in the room of another, have just cause of ignorance; whether that which is sought for be due, the sureties, no less than the heirs, can allege just ignorance.
Qui in utero est pro jam nato habetur, quoties de ejus commodo quæritur.
He who is in the womb, is reckoned as already born, as often as the question is concerning his advantage.
Qui inscienter læsit scienter emendit.
He who ignorantly hath hurt, knowingly amends.
Qui jure suo utitur, nemini facit injuriam.
He who enjoys his own right, does injury to none.
Qui libenter, et sæpe, et parvula de re juramento se obstringit, perjurio proximus est.
He who willingly, and often, and concerning a small matter, binds himself by an oath, is nearest to perjury.
Qui non cadunt in constantem virum, vani timores sunt æstimandi.
Those fears are to be considered as vain, which do not fall upon a steady man.
Qui non habet in ære, luat in corpore: (ne quis peccetur impune).
Whosoever has no money, let him satisfy, in his person; that no transgression should pass with impunity.
Qui non habet potestatem alienandi, habet necessitatem retinendi.
He who has not the power of alienating, has the necessity of retaining.
Qui non improbat, approbat.
He who does not disapprove, approves.
Qui non libere veritatem pronunciat, proditor est veritatis.
He who does not freely declare the truth, is a betrayer of the truth.
Qui non luat in crumina luat in corpore.
Whosoever cannot suffer in the purse, let him suffer in the body.
Qui non negat fatetur.
He who does not deny, confesses.
Qui non obstat quod obstare potest, facere videtur.
He seems to do, who does not oppose what he can oppose.
Qui non peccavit pœnam non feret.
He who hath not transgressed, shall not suffer punishment.
Qui non propulsat, injuriam quando potest, infert.
He causes an injury, who does not oppose it, when he can.
Qui non prohibet, quod prohibere potest, consentire videtur.
He seems to consent, who does not prohibit, what he can hinder.
Qui non prohibet, quod prohibere potest, assentire videtur.
He seems to assent, who does not prohibit, what he can prohibit.
Qui non vetat cum debeat et possit, jubet.
He orders who does not forbid, when he ought and can do it.
Qui non vult intelligi, debet negligi.
He who does not wish to be understood, ought to be neglected.
Qui obstruit aditum, destruit commodum.
He who blocks up an access, destroys convenience.
Qui omne dicit, nihil excludit.
He who says all, excludes nothing.
Qui ordine ulteriora admittit, præcedentia affirmat.
He who admits posterior things in order, affirms preceding things.
Qui parcit nocentibus, innocentibus minatur.
He who spares the guilty, threatens the innocent.
Qui parcit nocentibus, innocentibus punit.
He who spares the guilty, punishes the innocent.
Qui peccat ebrius, luat sobrius.
Whosoever offends when intoxicated, let him give satisfaction when sober.
Qui per alium facit, per seipsum facere videtur.
He who transacts through the agency of another, seems to act by himself.
Qui periculum amat, in eo peribit.
He who courts danger, shall perish in it.
Qui potest et debet vetare, jubet.
He orders who can, and ought to forbid, and does not do it.
Qui prior in tempore, potior in jure.
He who is first in time, is preferable in law.
Qui semel actionem renunciaverit, amplius repetere non potest.
He who has once renounced his action, cannot resume it any more.
Qui semel malus, semper præsumitur esse malus in eodem genere.
He who has once been wicked, is always presumed to be wicked in the same way.
Qui sentit commodum—sentire debet et onus.
He who reaps the advantage, ought also to bear the burden.
Qui serviunt Christo, faciunt leges pro Christo.
They who serve Christ, make laws for Christ.
Qui sine dolo malo ad judicium provocat, non videtur moram facere.
He who provokes to trial without wicked fraud, does not seem to cause delay.
Qui sit jus, et in quo consistit injuria, legis est definare.
It belongs to the law to define what justice may be, and in what injustice consists.
Qui statuat aliquid parte inaudita altera æquum licet statuerit haud æquus olet.
He who determines any thing while one party is unheard, though he may determine what is just, will not savour of the just man.
Qui suspicionem peccati inducit, peccat.
He offends, who occasions suspicion of an offence.
Qui tacet, consentire videtur.
He who is silent, seems to agree.
Qui tacet, consentire videtur, ubi tractatur de ejus commodo.
He seems to consent, who is silent concerning his own advantage.
Qui tardius solvit, minus solvit.
He who pays rather slowly, pays rather less.
Qui tempus prætermittit, causam perdit.
He who is too dilatory, loses his cause.
Quid fiere debet, facile præsumitur.
What ought to be done, is easily presumed.
Quid sit jus, et in quo consistat injuria, legis est definire.
It belongs to the law to define what the law is, and in what injustice consists.
Quicquid contra bonos mores facit, jure communi vetitum.
Whatever is done against good morals, is forbidden by common law.
Quicquid in excessu actum est, lege prohibetur.
Whatever is done to excess, is prohibited by law.
Quicquid judicis auctoritati subjicitur, novitati non subjicitur.
Whatever is subjected to the authority of a judge, is not subjected to innovation.
Quicquid per se malum est, id leges omnibus vetant.
Whatever is bad in itself, the laws forbid that to all.
Quicquid solvitur, solvitur secundum modum solventis, et secundum modum recipientis recipitur.
Whatever is paid, is paid according to the manner of the payer, and is received according to the manner of the receiver.
Quicunque habet jurisdictionem ordinariam, est illius loci ordinarius.
Whoever has ordinary jurisdiction, is the ordinary of that place.
Quicunque jussu judicis aliquid fecerit, non videtur dolo malo fecisse, quia parere necesse est.
Whoever has done any thing by order of the judge, does not seem to have acted by guile, because it is necessary to obey.
Quilibet enim jure pro se introducto renunciare potest.
For any one can renounce by the law introduced for himself.
Quilibet ex virtute sua non imbecillitate adversarii debet vincere.
Any one ought to overcome by his own strength, and not by the weakness of his opponent.
Quisquis præsumitur bonus; et semper in dubiis pro reo respondendum.
Every one is presumed good; and always in doubtful cases we must answer for the accused.
Quilibet renunciare potest juri pro se introducto.
Any one can renounce by the law introduced for himself.
Quilibet titulus excusat a spolio.
Any title excuses from spoliation.
Quisque præsumitur optime in sua causa dicere.
Every one is presumed to speak best in his own cause.
Quisquis sua facta scire et præsumitur et debet.
Every one is both presumed, and ought to know his own
## actions.
Quo ligatur, eo dissolvitur.
A thing is dissolved in the same way, in which it is bound.
Quo tutela redit, eo hæreditas pervenit, nisi cum fœminæ hæredes intercedunt.
An inheritance comes in the way, in which guardianship goes, unless when female heirs intervene.
Quod ab initio non valet, in tractu temporis non convalescet.
What at the beginning is not valid, will not become valid in the process of time.
Quod ab initio non valet, tractu temporis non potest convalescere.
What at the beginning is not valid, cannot become valid in process of time.
Quod ab initio vitiosum est, non post contractu temporis convalescere.
What at the beginning is faulty, cannot become valid afterwards in the process of time.
Quod ad jus naturale attinet, omnes homines æquales sunt.
With respect to natural law, all men are equal.
Quod alias bonum et justum est, si per vim vel fraudem petatur, malum et injustum efficitur.
What otherwise is good and just, if it be sought by force or fraud, is rendered wicked and unjust.
Quod civile jus non idem continuo gentium: quod autem gentium idem civile esse debet.
What is civil law, the same is not of course that of nations: but what is the law of nations, the same ought to be civil law.
Quod contra legem fit pro infecto habetur.
What is done against law, is reckoned as undone.
Quod constat clare non debet verificare.
What is evidently certain, ought not to be verified.
Quod constat curiæ opere testium non indiget.
What is clear to the court, does not need the aid of witnesses.
Quod conscientia vult ubi lex deficit, æquitas cogit.
What conscience wishes, where the law is deficient, equity prescribes.
Quod contra rationem juris receptum est, non est producendum ad consequentias.
What is received against the meaning of the law, must not be drawn into consequences.
Quod demonstrandi causa, additur rei satis demonstratæ frustra fit.
What is valid for the sake of demonstrating a thing, sufficiently demonstrated, is done in vain.
Quod dubia interpretatio libertatis est, secundum libertatem respondendum erit.
What is a doubtful interpretation of liberty, ought to be answered according to liberty.
Quod dubitas ne feceris.
What you doubt, do not do.
Quod est ex necessitate nunquam introducitur, nisi quando necessarium.
What proceeds from necessity, is never introduced, unless it is introduced from necessity.
Quod est inconveniens, aut contra rationem, non permissum est in lege.
What is unsuitable, or against reason, is not permitted in law.
Quod est necessarium est licitum.
What is necessary, is lawful.
Quod fieri debet facile præsumitur.
What ought to be done, is easily presumed.
Quod fieri debuit pro facto censetur.
What ought to have been done, is reckoned as done.
Quod fieri non debet factum valet.
What should not be done, is not valid, when done.
Quod fieri vetatur ex directo, vetatur etiam ab obliquo.
What is forbidden to be done directly, is forbidden also indirectly.
Quod fraude factum est in alios infectum esto, contra fraudatorem valet.
Let what is done in fraud, be inefficient towards others; it is valid against the defrauder.
Quod in se malum ubicunque factum fuerit, nulla juris positivi ratione valebit.
What shall have been done, bad in itself, will be valid by no kind of positive law.
Quod initio vitiosum est, non potest tractu temporis convalescere.
What at first is faulty, cannot, in process of time, become valid.
Quod lege tuum est, amplius esse tuum non potest.
What is yours by law, cannot be more yours.
Quod nullius est, fit domini regis.
What belongs to none, becomes the property of the king.
Quod nullius est, fit occupantis.
What belongs to none, becomes the property of the occupier.
Quod naturaliter inesse debet.
Which naturally ought to be inherent.
Quod nullo interno vitio laborat at objecto impedimento cessat, remoto impedimento per se emergit.
What labours under no internal fault, but yields to an opposing obstacle, the obstacle being removed, it emerges of itself.
Quod per recordum probatum, non debet esse negatum.
What is proved by record, ought not to be denied.
Quod remedio destituitur ipsa re valet si culpa absit.
What is destitute of remedy, in fact, is valid, if it be not faulty.
Quod Rex contra leges jubet, pro injussu reputabitur.
What the king orders against law, shall be considered as not commanded.
Quod semel meum est, amplius meum esse non potest.
What is once mine, cannot be more mine.
Quod semel placuit in electionibus amplius displicere non potest.
What hath once been approved of, in elections, cannot any longer displease.
Quod statim liquidare potest pro jam liquido habetur.
What can be immediately liquidated, is held as already liquidated.
Quod tibi fieri non vis, alteri non feceris.
Do not do to another, what you would not wish to be done to yourself.
Quod vero naturalis ratio inter omnes homines constituit, id apud omnes peræque custoditur quod semper æquum ac bonum est.
What, indeed, natural reason hath constituted among all men, is observed among all in the same degree, which is always just and good.
Quodcunque aliquis ob tutelam corporis sui fecerit, jure id fecisse videtur.
Whatever any one hath done for the protection of his own person, he seems to have done that according to law.
Quodlibet in lege eodem modo dissolvitur quo ligatum est.
Any thing in law is dissolved, in the same way in which it was bound.
Quomodo quid constituitur eodem modo dissolvitur.
In whatever way any thing is constituted, in the same way it is dissolved.
Quoties aliquid dubitatur vel male est, ad principia recurrendum.
As often as any thing is doubted, or is bad, we must have recourse to principles.
Quoties duplici jure defertur alicui successio, repudiato novo jure, quod ante defertur supererit vetus.
Whenever a succession is conferred upon any one, by a double right, the new right being set aside, the old right, formerly conferred, will remain in force.
Quoties in verbis nulla est ambiguitas, ibi nulla expositio contra verba fienda est.
As often as there is no ambiguity in words, no explanation ought to be made against words.
Quoties lege aliquid, unum vel alterum introductum est, bona occasio est, cætera quæ tendunt ad eandem utilitatem, vel interpretatione, vel certe jurisdictione suppleri.
As often as any one thing, or another, is introduced in law, there is a good opportunity that other things, which tend to the same advantage, be supplied, either by interpretation, or, at least, by jurisdiction.
Quotiens æquitate desiderii naturalis ratio aut dubitatio juris moratur, justis decretis res temporanda est.
As oft as by the equity of desire, a natural reason, or doubt of law, may retard the matter, is to be regulated by just decrees.
Quotiens dubia interpretatio libertatis est, secundum libertatem respondendum erit.
As often as the interpretation of liberty is doubtful, we should answer according to liberty.
Quotiens idem sermo duas sententias exprimit, ea potissimum excipiatur, quæ rei gerendæ aptior est.
As often as the same speech expresses two meanings, that chiefly may be received, which is most fit for carrying on the business.
R.
Ratio est anima legis.
Reason is the soul of the law.
Ratio est legis anima, mutata legis ratione mutatur et lex.
Reason is the soul of the law, the meaning of the law being changed, the law also is changed.
Ratio et authoritas, duo clarissima mundi lumina.
Reason and authority, are the two brightest lights of the world.
Radix et vertex imperii in obedientium consensus.
The consent of subjects is the root and top of empire.
Ratio potest allegari deficiente lege.
Reason may be alleged when the law is insufficient.
Receditur a placitis, juris potius quam injuriæ et delicta maneant impunita.
We depart from the enactments of the law, rather than that injuries and transgressions should remain unpunished.
Recorda sunt vestigia vetustatis et veritatis.
Records are the vestiges of antiquity and truth.
Recurrendum est ad extraordinarium quando non valet ordinarium.
We must have recourse to an extraordinary thing, when an ordinary one does not avail us.
Reddere, nihil aliud est quam acceptum restituere: seu, reddere est quasi retro dare; et redditur dicitur a redeundo, quia retro it.
To render is nothing else than to restore what is received; or to render is, as it were, to give back; and it is called render from returning, because it goes back.
Regis curia et curia populi Anglicani sive parliamentum non ex scripto sed ex communi lege sunt.
The court of the king, and the court house of the people of England, or the Parliament, are not according to written, but according to common law.
Regula est quæ rem quæ est breviter enarrat, non ut ex regula jus sumatur, sed ex jure, quod est, regula fiat. Per regulam igitur brevis rerum narratio traditur, et quasi causæ conjectio est, quæ, simul cum in aliquo vitiata est, perdit officium suum.
The rule is that which briefly relates the matter, not that law may be taken from a rule, but that which is of the law may be made a rule. By a rule, therefore, a short relation of things is delivered and there is, as it were, a summary account of the cause, which at the same time, when it is corrupted, loses its office.
Regulariter non valet pactum de re mea non alienanda.
A bargain is not regularly valid concerning the non-alienation of my property.
Relatio est fictio juris et intenta ad unum.
Reference is the supposition of the law, and made to one case.
Remoto impedimento emergit actio.
An impediment being removed, an action emerges.
Repellitur a sacramento infamis.
An infamous person is repelled from the sacrament and oath of allegiance.
Reputatio est vulgaris opinio ubi non est veritas. Et vulgaris opinio est duplex, _scil._ opinio vulgaris orta inter graves et discretos homines, et quæ vultum veritatis habet; et opinio tantum orta inter leves et vulgares homines, absque specie veritatis.
A report is common opinion, where there is not truth; and opinion is twofold, viz. a common opinion arises between prudent and discreet men, which has the appearance of truth, and opinion only arises between giddy and vulgar men, without the appearance of truth.
Rerum ordo confunditur, si unicuique jurisdictio non conservatur.
The order of things is confounded, if jurisdiction is not preserved to every one.
Rerum suarum quilibet est moderator et arbiter.
Every one is the ruler and umpire of his own affairs.
Res est misera ubi jus est vagum et incertum.
It is a wretched circumstance, when the law is vague and uncertain.
Res, generalem habet significationem, quia tam corporea quam incorporea, cujuscunque sunt generis, naturæ sive speciei, comprehendit.
A thing has a general signification, because it comprehends corporeal, as well as incorporeal circumstances, of whatever kind, nature and species it may be.
Res inter alios acta, aliis non nocet.
A matter performed among some persons, does not hurt others.
Res inter alios acta, alteri nocere non debet.
A matter performed among some persons, ought not to hurt another.
Res inter alios acta, aliis neque nocet neque prodest.
A thing done among some persons, does neither harm nor good to others.
Res judicata pro veritate accipitur.
A matter judged, is taken for truth.
Res judicata pro veritate habetur.
A thing decided is received for truth.
Res judicata inter alios, aliis neque nocet neque prodest.
A thing decided between some, neither hurts nor does good to others.
Res stulta est nequitiæ modus.
Moderation in wickedness is a foolish thing.
Rescriptum Principis contra jus non valet.
The rescript of the prince, is not valid against the law.
Reservatio ut et protestatio non facit jus, sed tuetur.
Neither reservation, nor protestation, makes law, but maintains it.
Resoluto enim jure dantis, resolvitur jus accipientis.
For the right of the giver being dissolved, the right of the receiver is dissolved.
Respiciendum est judicanti, ne quid aut durius aut remissius constituatur quam causa deposcit; nec enim aut severitatis aut clementiæ gloria affectanda est.
It is necessary for a judge to consider that nothing be determined either more severely or more easily, than the cause demands, for neither the glory of severity, or clemency is to be affected.
Respondeat raptor, qui ignorare non potuit quod pupillum alienum abduxit.
Let a seducer, or violator, answer for it, who could not have been ignorant that he hath carried off a minor, or orphan.
Respondeat superior.
Let a superior answer.
Religio Christiana pars est legis Angliæ communis.
The Christian religion is part of the common law of England.
Rex ad justitiam faciendam non cogitur.
The king is not forced to do justice.
Rex est lex vivens. Rex est pater patriæ.
The king is a living law; the king is the father of his country.
Rex est mista persona.
The king is a mixed character.
Rex est pater patriæ.
The king is the father of his country.
Rex ipse non debet esse sub homine, sed sub Deo et lege, quia lex facit regem: attribuat igitur rex, lege quod lex attribuit ei, viz. dominationem et imperium. Non est enim Rex ubi dominatur voluntas et non lex.
The king himself ought not to be under man, but under God and the law; because the law makes the king, therefore let the king give lawfully what the law hath given to him, viz. dominion and authority; for it is not the will of the king that rules, but the law.
Rex lege cadere non potest.
The king cannot fall in law.
Rex neque solvit damna in lege neque recipit.
The king neither pays losses, nor receives them in the law.
Rex nihil aliud est quam lex agens.
The king is nothing else than the acting law.
Rex nil dat nisi per recordum.
The king gives nothing, unless by record.
Rex nil potest jubere nisi per curiam legitime constitutam.
The king can order nothing, unless by parliament lawfully constituted.
Rex non est ubi voluntas dominatur.
He is not a king, when his will domineers.
Rex non potest invitum civem regno depellere.
The king may not expel from the kingdom, a subject against his will.
Rex non potest malum vel injuriam facere.
The king may do no evil or injustice.
Rex non potest subditum onerare impositionibus.
The king may not burden a subject with taxes.
Rex nunquam infra ætatem est.
The king is never below age.
Rex præsumitur in scrinio pectoris sui habere omnia jura.
The king is presumed to have all the laws in the recess of his heart.
Rogationes, quæstiones, et positiones debent esse simplices.
Petitions, questions, and positions, ought to be simple.
S.
Sacramenta pauperum sunt servanda.
The oaths of the poor are to be kept.
Salus populi est suprema lex.
The safety of the people is the highest law.
Salus populi suprema lex esto.
Let the safety of the people be the supreme law.
Salus ubi multi consiliarii.
In the multitude of council there is safety.
Sapiens omnia agit cum consilio.
A wise man does all things with deliberation.
Sapientia legis nummario pretio non est æstimanda.
The wisdom of the law is not to be valued by a pecuniary consideration.
Sapientis judicis est cogitare tantum sibi esse permissum, quantum commissum et creditum.
It is the property of a wise judge to think that so much is permitted to him, as has been committed and intrusted to him.
Satisfactio non fit de minori.
Satisfaction is not exacted of a minor.
Satius est petere fontes quam sectari rivulos.
It is better to repair to the source, than to follow streamlets.
Scriptæ obligationes scriptis tolluntur, et nudi consensus obligatio, contrario consensu dissolvitur.
Written obligations are taken away by writs; and the obligation of a mere consent is dissolved by a contrary consent.
Scire leges non hoc est, verba earum tenere, sed vim ac potestatem.
To know the laws, is not to understand their words, but their force and power.
Scire proprie est rem ratione et per causam cognoscere.
To know, is properly to comprehend a matter, by reason, or by its cause.
Secundum naturam est, commoda cujusque rei eum sequi quem sequentur incommoda.
It is according to nature that the advantages of any thing follow him, whom its disadvantages will follow.
Semel malus semper præsumitur esse malus in eodem genere.
A man once bad, is always presumed to be bad, in the same way.
Semper in dubiis benigniora præferenda sunt.
Always in doubtful cases, more favourable things are to be preferred.
Semper in stipulationibus et in cæteris contractibus id sequimur, quod actum est; aut si non pareat, quid actum est, erit consequens ut id sequamur, quod in regione in qua actum est frequentatur. Quid ergo, si neque regionis mos appareat quia varius fuit? ad id quod minimum est, religenda summa est.
Always in bargains, and in other contracts, we follow that which has been done, or if that does not appear which hath been done, the consequence will be that we should follow that which is usual in the country, in which it was performed: what therefore is necessary to be done, if the custom of the country does not appear? either, because it has been various; the sum is to be reduced, to that which is the least.
Semper in obscuris, quod minimum est, sequimur.
In obscure cases we always follow that which is least.
Semper qui non prohibet pro se intervenire, mandare creditur, sed et si quis ratum habuerit, quod gestum est, obstringitur mandati actione.
He who does not prohibit one to interfere for himself, is always believed to order him; but if any one shall confirm what hath been done, he is bound by the action of his mandate.
Semper pro legitimatione præsumitur.
There is a presumption in favour of legitimation.
Semper specialia generalibus insunt.
Special things are always included in general things.
Sensus verborum est anima legis.
The sense of words is the soul of the law.
Sensus verborum ex causa dicendi accipiendus est; et sermones semper accipiendi sunt secundum subjectam materiam.
The sense of words is to be taken from the cause of pleading, and words are always to be taken according to the subject matter.
Sensus verborum est duplex, mitis et asper, et verba semper accipienda sunt in mitiore sensu.
The sense of words is twofold, mild and rough, and words are always to be taken in the milder sense.
Sententia contra matrimonium nunquam transit in rem judicatam.
An opinion against marriage, never passes into a matter decided.
Sententia contra minorem indefensum lata nulla est.
An opinion given against a minor undefended, is void.
Sententia facit jus; et legis interpretatio legis vim obtinet.
A sentence makes law, and the interpretation of the law obtains the force of the law.
Sententia facit jus, et res pro veritate accipitur.
A sentence makes law, and the matter is received for truth.
Sententia interlocutoria revocari potest, definitiva non potest.
An interlocutory sentence can be recalled, but a definitive one cannot.
Sequi debet potentia justitiam, non præcedere.
Power ought to follow justice, not to precede it.
Sermo index animi.
Speech is the index of the mind.
Sermones semper accipiendi sunt secundum subjectam materiam, et conditionem personarum.
Speeches are always to be taken according to the subject matter, and the condition of persons.
Servile est expilationis crimen.
The crime of pilfering is base.
Si duo in testamento pugnantia reperientur, ultimum est ratum.
If two points repugnant are found in a testament, the last is established.
Si librarius in transcribendis stipulationis verbi errasset, nihil nocere quo minus et reus et fidejussor teneatur.
If the transcriber hath erred in transcribing the words of a contract, it is proper that it should have no bad effect, so that both the accused person, and his security, may not be bound.
Si mulier, per matrimonium nobilis, nupserit ignobili, desinit esse nobilis.
If a woman, enobled by matrimony, marries an ignoble person, she ceases to be noble.
Si quid universitati debetur singulis non debetur, neque quod debet universitas singuli debent.
If any thing be owing to an entire body, it is not due to individuals, nor do individuals owe what is owed by an entire body.
Si suggestio non sit vera, literæ patentes vacuæ sunt.
If a suggestion be not true, letters patent are void.
Sic utere tuo ut alienum non lædas.
So use your own property, that you may not hurt another’s.
Sicut pœna ex delicto defuncti hæres teneri non debet, ita nec lucrum facere, si quid ad eum pervenisset.
As the heir ought not to be punished in consequence of the transgression of the deceased, so neither ought he to make gain, if any advantage had come to him.
Simplicitas est legibus amica; vis et fraus invisissima; nimia subtilitas suspecta.
Simplicity is a friend to the laws, violence and fraud are most odious: too much subtility is suspected.
Simplicitas est legibus amica; et nimia subtilitas in jure reprobatur.
Simplicity is a friend to the laws, and too much subtility is reprobated in law.
Similitudo legalis est, casuum diversorum inter se collatorum, similis ratio; quod in uno similium valet, valebit in altero. Dissimilium, dissimilis est ratio.
Legal similitude is the similar relation of cases, so different between themselves, what is valid in one of the similar cases, will be valid in the other. If dissimilar, the relation is likewise dissimilar.
Socii mei socius, meus socius non est.
The companion of my companion is not my companion.
Sodales legem quam volent, dum ne quid ex publica lege corrumpant sibi ferunto.
Let companions make to themselves what law they please, provided they do not abuse any thing of the public law.
Sola innocentia libera.
Innocence alone is free.
Solemnitates juris sunt observandæ.
The solemnities of the law are to be observed.
Solus Deus hæredes facit, non homo.
God alone makes heirs, not man.
Solutio pretii, emptionis loco habetur.
The payment of the price is held as a purchase.
Spoliatus debet ante omnia restitui.
Spoliation of all things ought to be restored.
Stabit præsumptio donec probetur in contrarium.
Presumption shall stand until the contrary is proved.
Stabitur præsumptioni donec probetur in contrarium.
We must abide by presumption, until the contrary is proved.
Statuta ita interpretanda ut innoxiis ne obsint.
Statutes are so to be interpreted, that they may not hurt the innocent.
Statutum affirmativum non derogat communi legi.
An affirmative statute does not derogate from the common law.
Statutum, generaliter est intelligendum, quando verba statuti sunt specialia, ratio autem generalis.
A statute is to be understood generally, when the words of the statute are special, but the purpose general.
Statutum speciale statuto speciali non derogat.
A special statute does not derogate from a special statute.
Sua cuique domus arx esto.
Let every man’s house be his castle.
Sublata veneratione magistratuum, respublica ruit.
When respect due to magistrates is taken away, the state falls.
Sub clypeo legis nemo decipitur.
No body is deceived under the protection of the law.
Subsequens matrimonium tollit peccatum præcedens.
Subsequent marriage takes away the preceding sin.
Substantia prior et dignior est accidente.
The substance is prior, and more worthy than what is eventual.
Summa charitas est facere justitiam singulis et omnibus omni tempore.
The greatest charity is to do justice to each, and all, at all times.
Summa charitas est facere justitiam singulis et omni tempore quando est necesse.
It is the greatest charity to do justice to each, and at all times, when it is necessary.
Summa ratio est quæ cum religione facit.
It is the highest reason that makes with religion, (i.e. supports religion.)
Summi cujusque bonitas commune perfugium omnibus.
The goodness of every highest person is a common refuge to all.
Summum jus summa injuria.
Law carried to extremes, is the height of injustice.
Superflua obstant; defectiva perimunt.
Superfluous things oppose, defective things destroy.
Suppressio facti tollit æquitatem.
The suppression of a fact, takes away equity.
T.
Talis interpretatio semper fienda est, ut evitetur absurdum et inconveniens, et ne judicium sit illusorium.
Such an interpretation is always to be made, that an absurdity and inconvenience may be avoided, and that judgment may not be illusory.
Tantum bona valent, quantum vendi possunt.
Goods are worth as much, as they can be sold for.
Tenens domino fidem præstare, et debita servitia tenetur, et dominus invicem tenenti protectionem et jura sua omnia.
A tenant is bound to make good his faith and due services to his master, and the master in his turn, is to give to the tenant, protection and all his rights.
Terra transit cum onere.
Land is transferred with burdens.
Terminus et feodum non possunt constare simul in una eademque persona eodem jure.
Lease and feu are inconsistent in the same person with the same right.
Testamenta, cum duo inter se pugnantia reperiuntur, ultimum ratum est. Sic est, cum duo inter se pugnantia reperiuntur in eodem testamento.
When two testaments are found contradictory to one another, the last is valid; so it is when two clauses are found contradictory to one another in the same deed.
Testium numerus si non adjicitur, duo sufficiunt.
If more witnesses cannot be found, two are sufficient.
Testamenta latissimam interpretationem habere debent.
Testaments ought to have the broadest interpretation.
Testamenta propter inopiam consilii ad mentem testatoris interpretanda etsi verba solemnia desint.
Testaments, on account of the want of counsel, are to be interpreted according to the mind of the testator, although the usual words are wanting.
Testimonia ponderanda sunt, non numeranda.
Testimonies are to be weighed, not to be numbered.
Testamentum nisi post mortem testatoris vim non habet.
A testament has no force, till after the death of the testator.
Testatoris ultima voluntas est perimplenda secundum verum intentionem suam.
The last will of a testator is to be fulfilled, according to its true intention.
Testes qui postulat, debet dare eis sumptus competentes.
He who demands witnesses, ought to give competent expenses to them.
Testis nemo in sua causa esse potest.
No body can be a witness in his own cause.
Testis oculatus unus plus valet quam auriti decem.
One eye witness is worth more than ten ear witnesses.
Testis _should be able to say from his heart_, non sum doctus nec instructus, nec curo de victoria, modo ministretur justitia.
A witness should be able to say from his heart, I am not informed, nor instructed, nor do I care which of the
## parties be successful, provided justice be done.
Testibus deponentibus in pari numero, dignioribus est credendum.
When witnesses give their depositions in equal number, we must believe the more worthy.
Traditio loqui facit chartam.
Delivery makes a paper to speak.
Traditione pacta firmantur.
Agreements are confirmed by delivery.
Traditionibus et usucapionibus non nudis transferuntur rerum domina.
The rights of superiority are not transferred by bare deliveries and enjoyments.
Transferuntur dominiæ sine titulo et traditione, per usucaptionem, viz. per longam continuam et pacificam possessionem.
The rights of superiority are transferred without title and delivery by long possession, viz. by long continued and peaceful possession.
Tria sequuntur defamatorem famosum: pravitatis incrementum: bursæ decrementum: conscientiæ detrimentum.
Three things follow the infamous defamer, increase of avoiding, decrease of purse, loss of conscience.
Triatio ibi semper debet fieri, ubi juratores meliorem possunt habere notitiam.
The union of three witnesses always ought to happen, when the jurors can have better information.
Turpe est viro, id in quo quotidie versatur ignorare.
It is a shameful thing for a man to be ignorant of that in which he is daily engaged.
Turpe impossibile.
An impossibility is shameful.
Turpes tribunalibus arcentur.
Base people are driven away from the tribunals.
U.
Ubi cessat remedium ordinarium, ibi decurritur ad extraordinarium.
When an ordinary remedy ceases, then we have recourse to an extraordinary.
Ubi concurrunt commune jus et jus scriptum communi jure standum.
Where common law and written law disagree, we must stand by the common law.
Ubi culpa est, ibi pœna subesse debet.
Where fault is, there punishment ought to be.
Ubi damna dantur, victus victori in expensis condemnari debet.
Where damages are given, the loser ought to be condemned to pay the expense of the gainer.
Ubi duo jura concurrunt in eadem persona, idem est ac si esset in diversis.
When two rights concur in the same person, it is the same as if it were in different persons.
Ubi duo pugnantia in charta concurrunt, prius ratum esto.
Where two repugnant things meet in a charter, let the first be established.
Ubi duo sensus occurrunt, mitiori standum.
Where two meanings occur, we must abide by the milder.
Ubi dies cessit, licet nondum venerit.
Where the day hath ceased, though the night hath not yet come.
Ubi diverso jure in eandem rem venire quis potuit, eo jure venisse præsumitur quod fortius ac melius sit.
Where any one could have come to the same thing by a different right, he is presumed to have come to it by that right which may be stronger and better.
Ubi eadem est ratio idem est jus.
Where the reason is the same, the right is the same.
Ubi eadem ratio ibi idem lex.
Where the reason is the same, the law is the same.
Ubi ex jure positivo alicujus gentis reo conceditur, vel prohibetur leges Angliæ, jus ejus gentis in judicio respiciunt ubi actio accrevit.
Where a grant is given, or a prohibition made to an accused person of any nation, by a positive law, the laws of England regard the law of that nation in the trial where the action rose.
Ubi factum nullum, ibi fortia nulla.
Where there is no fact, there is no strong argument.
Ubi lex cogit aliquem ostendere causam, necesse est quod causa sit justa et legitima.
Where the law compels any one to shew cause, it is necessary that there be a just and lawful cause.
Ubi lex cogit aliquem ostendere causam, necesse est quod causa sit justa atque legitima.
Where the law compels any one to shew cause, it is necessary that there be a just and lawful cause.
Ubi lex communis et æquitas in eadem re versantur, æquitas alia via agit sed non aliter sentit.
Where common law and equity are engaged in the same thing, equity acts in another way, but does not mean differently.
Ubi lex est specialis, et ratio ejus generalis, generaliter accipienda est.
Where the law is special, and the reason of it general, it is to be taken in general.
Ubi non est annua renovatio, ibi decimæ non debent solvi.
Where there is no annual renewal, there tithes ought not to be paid.
Ubi non est condendi authoritas, ibi non est parendi necessitas.
Where there is no authority to command, there is no obligation to obey.
Ubi non est lex ibi non est transgressio, quoad mundum.
Where there is no law, there is no transgression, touching the world.
Ubi quid generaliter conceditur, inest hæc exceptio, si non aliquid sit contra jus fasque.
Where any thing is granted in general, there is this exception in it if there be not any thing contrary to justice and religion.
Ubi quis delinquit ibi punietur.
Where any one transgresses, there shall he be punished.
Ubi remedium in foro seculari ejus rei jurisdictio curiis secularibus tantum datur, nisi servato jure ecclesiæ ipsis verbis.
Where a remedy is in the secular court, the jurisdiction of that matter is granted to the secular courts, only unless the law of the church be preserved in the words themselves.
Ubi substitui vicarius potest non est cogendus quis ad substituendum, sed si substituere velit inveniat idoneum.
Where a substitute can be substituted, no one is to be compelled to substitute; but if he wishes to substitute, let him find a fit person.
Ubi sustuleris revocationem, renatum est testamentum.
When you have taken away the power of revoking, the will is renewed.
Ubi verba conjuncta non sunt, sufficit alterutrum esse factum.
When words are not joined, it is sufficient that one or other alternate be complied with.
Ubi vetat quid lex neque pœnam statuit, pœna in discretione judicis est.
Where the law forbids any thing, and hath not determined a punishment, the punishment is in the discretion of the judge.
Ubicunque est injuria ibi damnum sequitur.
Wherever there is injury, there a loss follows.
Ultima voluntas testatoris est perimplenda secundum veram intentionem suam.
The last will of the testator is to be followed, according to his true intention.
Una persona vix potest supplere vices duarum.
One person can scarcely supply the place of two.
Ubi diverso jure in eandem rem venire quis potuit eo jure venisse præsumitur quod fortius ac melius sit.
Whenever any one has been liable to different laws for the same cause, is presumed to have come under that law which is the most efficient, and the best.
Universus terminus in lege dies unus.
One day is a complete term, in law.
Unaquæque gleba servit.
Each glebe is subject to one person.
Unumquodque eodem modo dissolvitur qui colligatur.
Every thing is dissolved in the same way in which it was bound.
Unusquisque paci et justitiæ publicæ tenetur succurrere.
Every one is bound to support peace and public justice.
Uno absurdo dato sequuntur.
One absurd thing being granted, others follow.
Ubi concurrunt commune jus et jus scriptum communi juri standum.
When common and written law disagree, we must stand by the common law.
Ut metus ad omnes, pœna ad paucos pervenerit.
That fear may have come to all, punishment to a few.
Ut ne quid nimis cavendum; ut ne quid deficiens duplo cavendum.
We must take care that nothing be carried to excess; we must take double care that nothing be deficient.
Utile per inutile non vitiatur.
A useful thing is not to be vitiated by a useless thing.
Utlagatus non potest placitare.
An outlawed person cannot make a will.
Uxor et maritus unum in lege.
Wife and husband are one in law.
Uxor in mariti potestate cum sit non obnoxia est in causis reatus minoribus; aliter in majoribus proditione et homicidio.
The wife, as she is under the power of her husband, is not liable in the lesser cases of accusation; it is otherwise in the greater cases, such as treason and homicide.
Uxor sub potestate viri.
A wife is under the power of her husband.