Part 7

A Passionate Pilgrim, and Other Tales. 1875. Transatlantic Sketches. 1875. Roderick Hudson. 1876. *The American. 1877. Watch and Ward. 1878. French Poets and Novelists. 1878. The Europeans. A Sketch. 1878. *Daisy Miller. A Study. 1879. An International Episode. 1879. Daisy Miller: A Study. An International Episode. Four Meetings. 1879. The Madonna of the Future and Other Tales. 1879. Hawthorne. 1879. (English Men of Letters.) The Diary of a Man of Fifty and A Bundle of Letters. 1880. Confidence. 1880. Washington Square. 1881. Washington Square. The Pension Beaurepas. A Bundle of Letters. 1881. *The Portrait of a Lady. 1881. Daisy Miller: A Comedy. 1882. (Privately printed.) The Siege of London, The Pension Beaurepas, and The Point of View. 1883. Portraits of Places. 1883. Tales of Three Cities. 1884. A Little Tour in France. 1885. Stories Revived. 1885. (3 vols. of Short Stories.) The Bostonians. 1886. The Princess Casamassima. 1886. The Reverberator. 1888. The Aspern Papers. Louisa Pallant. The Modern Warning. 1888.

## Partial Portraits. 1888.

A London Life. The Patagonia. The Liar. Mrs. Temperley. 1889. The Tragic Muse. 1892. The Lesson of the Master. The Marriages. The Pupil. Brooksmith. The Solution. Sir Edward Orme. 1892. The Real Thing and Other Tales. 1893. The Private Life. Lord Beaupré. The Visits. 1893. The Wheel of Time. Collaboration. Owen Wingrave. 1893. Picture and Text. 1893. Essays in London and Elsewhere. 1893. Theatricals. Two Comedies: Tenants. Disengaged. 1894. Theatricals. Second Series. The Album. The Reprobate. 1895. *Terminations. The Death of the Lion. The Coxon Fund. The Middle Years. The Altar of the Dead. 1895. Embarrassments. The Figure in the Carpet. Glasses. The Next Time. The Way It Came. 1896. The Other House. 1896. *The Spoils of Poynton. 1897. *What Maisie Knew. 1897. In the Cage. 1898. The Two Magics. The Turn of the Screw. Covering End. 1898. The Awkward Age. 1899. The Soft Side. 1900. The Sacred Fount. 1901. *The Wings of the Dove. 1902. The Better Sort. 1903. (Short stories.) *The Ambassadors. 1903. William Wetmore Story and His Friends. 1903. *The Golden Bowl. 1904. English Hours. 1905. The Question of Our Speech. The Lesson of Balzac: Two Lectures. 1905. The American Scene. 1907. Views and Reviews, Now First Collected. 1908. Italian Hours. 1909. *The Altar of the Dead. The Beast in the Jungle. The Birthplace, and Other Tales. 1909. The Finer Grain. 1910. (Short stories.) The Outcry. 1911. A Small Boy and Others. 1913. (Autobiography.) Notes of a Son and Brother. 1914. (Autobiography.) Notes on Novelists. With Some Other Notes. 1914. The Ivory Tower. 1917. The Sense of the Past. 1917. The Middle Years. 1917. (Autobiography.) Gabrielle de Bergerac. 1918. (_Atlantic_, 1860.) Travelling Companions. 1919. (7 stories originally published 1868-74.) A Landscape Painter. 1919. (4 stories originally published 1866-68.) Master Eustace. 1920. (5 stories originally published 1869-78.) The Letters of Henry James. 1920. (Selected and edited by Percy Lubbock.)

For further bibliographical references, see _Cambridge_, III (IV), 671.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Beach, J.W. The Method of Henry James. 1918. Brownell. Cambridge. Cary, Elizabeth Luther. The Novels of Henry James. 1905. Elton, Oliver. Modern Studies. 1907. Follett. Freeman, John. The Moderns. 1917. Hacket, Francis. Horizons. 1918. Harkins. Hueffer, Ford Madox. Henry James: a Critical Study. 1913. Macy. Perry, Bliss. The American Spirit in Literature. 1918. Phelps. Sherman, Stuart P. On Contemporary Literature. 1917. Underwood. Van Doren, Carl. West, Rebecca. Henry James. 1916.

Acad. 75 ('08): 609; 86 ('14): 359; 87 ('14): 509; 89 ('15): 67. Ath. 1919, 1: 518. Atlan. 95 ('05): 496; 100 ('07): 458; 117 ('16): 801.

## Bookm. 15 ('02): 396; 21 ('05): 23 (portrait), 71, 464; 26 ('07): 357;

30 ('09): 138 (portrait); 36 ('12): 176; 37 ('13): 595; 43 ('16): 219; 51 ('20): 364, 389.

## Bookm. (Lond.) 43 ('13): 299 (portraits); 45 ('14): 302; 53 ('17): 107;

53 ('18): 163. Contemp. 101 ('12): 69=Liv. Age, 272 ('12): 287. Critic, 42 ('03): 31, 107 (portrait), 204, 393 (portrait); 44 ('04): 146; 46 ('05): 98 (portrait), 146. Cur. Lit. 27 ('00): 21; 29 ('00): 148. Cur. Op. 54 ('13): 489 (portrait); 56 ('14): 457; 60 ('16): 280 (portrait); 63 ('17): 118, 247, 407 (portrait). Dial, 44 ('08): 174; 54 ('13): 372; 60 ('16): 259, 313, 316; 63 ('17): 260. Egoist, 5 ('18): 1 (T.S. Eliot), 2 (Ezra Pound), 3, 4. Eng. R. 22 ('16): 317. Fortn. 105 ('16): 620=Liv. Age, 290 ('16): 281; 107 ('17): 995=Liv. Age, 294 ('17): 346=Bookm, 45 ('18): 571; 113 ('20): 864. Forum, 55 ('16): 551. Harp. W. 47 ('03): 273, 532, 552 (portrait); 48 ('04): 1375 (portrait), 1548 (portrait); 57 ('13): May 3, p. 18 (portrait); 62 ('16): March 25: 291. (Canby.) Lamp, 28 ('04): 47. (Herbert Croly.) Little Review, 5 ('18): August number. Liv. Age, 236 ('03): 577; 240 ('04): 1; 262 ('09): 691; 289 ('16): 122, 229, 568; 306 ('20): 55; 310 ('21): 267. Lond. Merc. 1 ('20): 673; 2 ('20): 29. (Edmund Gosse.) Lond. Times, Apr. 10, 1913: 150; Mar. 9, 1916: 109; Oct. 19, 1917: 497; Dec. 27, 1918: 655; Mar. 28, 1919: 163. Nation, 85 ('07): 343; 102 ('16): 244; 104 ('17): 393; 110 ('20): 690; 111 ('20): 441. New Repub. 6 ('16): 152, 191; 7 ('16): 171; 13 ('17): 119, 254; 16 ('18): 172; 20 ('19): 113; 23 ('20): 63. New Statesman, 6 ('16): 518; 9 ('17): 375; 15 ('20): 162. 19th Cent. 80 ('16): 141=Liv. Age, 290 ('16): 505. No. Am. 176 ('03): 125; 180 ('05): 102 (Joseph Conrad); 185 ('07): 214; 203 ('16): 572 (Howells), 585 (Conrad), 592; 207 ('18): 130; 211 ('20): 682; 213 ('21): 211. Outlook, 79 ('05): 838; 125 ('20): 167. (Portraits.) Quar. 212 ('10): 393=Liv. Age, 265 ('10): 643; 226 ('16): 60=Liv. Age, 290 ('16): 733; 234 ('20): 188. Sat. Rev. 95 ('03): 79; 107 ('09): 266; 121 ('16): 226; 123 ('17): 201; 129 ('20): 537. Scrib. M. 36 ('04): 394; 67 ('20): 422, 548; 68 ('20): 89. Sewanee Rev. 27 ('19): 1. Spec. 98 ('07): 334; 116 ('16): 312. Yale R. n.s. 5 ('16): 783; n.s. 10 ('20): 143. Cf. also _Cambridge_, III (IV), 674.

+Orrick Johns+--poet.

Born at St. Louis, Missouri, 1887. Trained as an advertising copy writer. Won the prize of the _Lyric Year_, 1912, for his _Second Avenue_.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Asphalt and Other Poems. 1917. Black Branches. 1920. Also in: Others, 1916, 1917, 1919.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Untermeyer. Dial, 62 ('17): 476. Poetry, 11 ('17): 44; 16 ('20): 162.

## Bookm. 46 ('18): 578.

+Owen McMahon Johnson+ (New York City, 1878)--novelist short-story writer.

Best known for studies in college life and in the psychology of the young woman (_The Salamander_, 1913). For bibliography, see _Who's Who in America_.

+Robert Underwood Johnson+--poet.

Born at Washington, D.C., 1853. B.S., Earlham College, 1871. Has many honorary higher degrees and decorations. Joined the staff of the _Century_, 1873; associate editor, 1881-1909; editor, 1909-13. Father of Owen McMahon Johnson (q.v.).

Ambassador to Italy, 1920-1.

For Mr. Johnson's many activities outside his work as poet and as editor, see _Who's Who in America_.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Collected Poems. 1919.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

## Bookm. 47 ('18): 547. (Phelps.)

Critic, 42 ('03): 231 (portrait). Lit. Digest, 64 ('20): Mar. 6, p. 32 (portrait). R. of Rs. 49 ('14): 759 (portrait).

+Mary Johnston+ (Virginia, 1870)--novelist.

Historical material, especially colonial Virginia. For bibliography, see _Who's Who in America_.

+Charles Rann Kennedy+--dramatist.

Born at Derby, England, 1871. Largely self-educated. Office boy and clerk, thirteen to sixteen. Lecturer and writer to twenty-six. Actor, press-agent, and miscellaneous writer and theatrical business manager to thirty-four. His play, _The Servant in the House_, established his reputation.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

*The Servant in the House. 1908. The Winterfeast. 1908. The Terrible Meek. 1911. The Necessary Evil. 1913. The Idol-Breaker. 1914. The Rib of the Man. 1917. The Army With Banners; A Divine Comedy of this Very Day. 1917. The Fool from the Hills. 1919.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Boynton. Arena, 40 ('08): 18 (portrait), 20. Atlan. 103 ('09): 73. Dial, 45 ('08): 36. Ind. 72 ('12): 725. R. of Rs. 37 ('08): 757; 45 ('12): 633; 49 ('14): 501. (Portraits.)

+(Alfred) Joyce Kilmer+--poet, essayist.

Born at New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1886. Of mixed ancestry, Irish, German, English, Scotch. A.B., Rutgers, 1904; Columbia, 1906. Married Miss Aline Murray, step-daughter of Henry Mills Alden, editor of _Harper's Magazine_ (cf. Aline Kilmer). Taught a short time, then held various editorial positions on _The Churchman_, the _Literary Digest_, _Current Literature_, the _New York Times Sunday Magazine_, among others. In 1913, he and his wife were converted to Catholicism. In 1916, he was called to the faculty of the School of Journalism, New York University, succeeding Arthur Guiterman (q.v.). Enlisted as a private in the War and was killed in action, 1918.

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING

1. Kilmer wished to be judged by poetry written after October, 1913, and to discard all earlier work. Why?

2. The following influences are traceable in his poetry: (1) Francis Thompson, Coventry Patmore, and earlier Catholic poets; (2) his mother's musical talent; (3) his journalistic work; (4) the War.

3. Kilmer's letters illustrate and explain the qualities of his work.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Trees and Other Poems. 1915. Main Street and Other Poems. 1917. Joyce Kilmer, edited by Robert Cortes Holliday. 1918. (Poems, essays, and letters.) Circus, and Other Essays and Fugitive Pieces. 1921.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Holliday, R.C. Memoir in _Joyce Kilmer_ (listed in bibliography). Kilmer, Mrs. Annie Kilburn. Memories of my Son, Sergeant Joyce Kilmer, 1920.

Ath. 1919, 2: 1220.

## Bookm. 48 ('18): 133 (portrait).

## Bookm. (Lond.) 56 ('19): 122; 57 ('19): 118.

Cath. World, 100 ('14): 301; 108 ('18): 224. Lit. Digest, 58 ('18): Aug. 31, p. 36 (portrait); Sept. 7, pp. 32 (portrait), 42. Outlook, 120 ('18): 12, 16; 122 ('19): 467. Poetry, 11 ('18): 281; 13 ('18): 31. 149. R. of Rs. 58 ('18): 431 (portrait).

+Aline Murray Kilmer+--poet.

Step-daughter of Henry Mills Alden. Married in 1909 to Joyce Kilmer (q.v.).

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Candles that Burn. 1919. Vigils. 1921.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

## Bookm. 54 ('21): 384.

Nation, 109 ('19): 116. New Repub. 29 ('21): 133. See also _Book Review Digest_, 1919, 1921.

+Grace Elizabeth King+--novelist.

Born at New Orleans, 1852, and educated there and in France. Her stories and novels furnish material for an interesting comparison with the work of G.W. Cable (q.v.). Her writing grew out of the desire to present from the inside the Creole Society in which she had grown up, to which she felt that Mr. Cable, as an outsider, had not done justice.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Monsieur Motte. 1888. Balcony Stories. 1893. The Pleasant Ways of St. Médard. 1916.

For reviews, see _Pattee_; also _Book Review Digest_, 1916.

+Harry Herbert Knibbs+ (Ontario, Canada, 1874)--poet.

His material is cowboy life. For bibliography see _Who's Who in America_.

+Alfred Kreymborg+--poet.

Born in New York City, 1883, of Danish ancestry. Educated at the Morris High School. A chess prodigy at the age of ten, and supported himself from seventeen to twenty-five by teaching chess and playing matches. Had several years of experience as bookkeeper.

In 1914, founded and edited _The Glebe_, which issued the first anthology of free verse. In 1916, 1917, 1919, published _Others_--three anthologies of radical poets. In 1921, went to Rome to edit, in association with Harold Loeb, an international magazine of the arts called _The Broom_ (cf. _Dial_ 70 ['21]: 606), but shortly after resigned.

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING

1. Mr. Kreymborg is a rebel against all conventions of form and content in poetry. Consequently, the one thing to be expected in his work is the unexpected. How far his utterances are sincere and how far posed, each reader must judge for himself.

2. The following quotation from _Poetry_ (9 ['16]: 51) may serve as a starting-point in discussing Mr. Kreymborg's qualities: "An insinuating, meddlesome, quizzical, inquiring spirit; sometimes a clown, oftener a wit, now and then a lyric poet ... trips about cheerfully among life's little incongruities; laughs at you and me and progress and prejudice and dreams; says 'I told you so!' with an air, as if after a double somersault in the circus ring; grows wistful, even tender, with emotions always genuine ... always ... as becomes the harlequin-philosopher, entertaining."

3. The new movements in art--Futurist, Cubist, Vorticist--should be remembered in studying Mr. Kreymborg's verse.

4. What is to be said of his economy in words?

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Love and Life and Other Studies. 1908. Apostrophes. 1910. Erna Vitek. 1914. (Novel.) Mushrooms; A Book of Free Forms. 1916. Others, An Anthology of New Verse. 1916, 1917, 1919. Plays for Poem-Mimes. 1918. Blood of Things. 1920. Plays for Merry Andrews. 1920.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Untermeyer.

Ath. 1919, 2: 1003. (Conrad Aiken.) Chapbook, 1-2, May, 1920: 30. Dial, 66 ('19): 29. (Lola Ridge.) Poetry, 9 ('16): 51; 11 ('18): 201; 13 ('19): 224; 17 ('20): 153. See also _Book Review Digest_, 1916, 1920.

+Peter Bernard Kyne+ (San Francisco, 1860)--novelist.

The inventor of Cappy Ricks in stories of business life in California. For bibliography, see _Who's Who in America_.

+Stephen Butler Leacock+--humorist.

Born in Hampshire, England, 1869. B.A., Toronto University; Ph.D., University of Chicago. Honorary higher degrees. Head of the department of economics, McGill University.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Literary Lapses. 1910. Nonsense Novels. 1911. Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town. 1912. Behind the Beyond. 1913. Arcadian Adventures with the Idle Rich. 1914. Moonbeams from the Larger Lunacy. 1915. Essays and Literary Studies. 1916. Further Foolishness. 1916. Frenzied Fiction. 1917. The Hohenzollerns in America. 1919. The Unsolved Riddle of Social Justice. 1920. (Sociological discussion.) Winsome Winnie and Other New Nonsense Novels. 1920.

For study, see Bookm. (Lond.) 51 ('16): 39; also _Book Review Digest_, 1914-7, 1919, 1920.

+Jennette (Barbour Perry) Lee (Mrs. Gerald Stanley Lee)+--novelist.

Born at Bristol, Connecticut, 1860. A.B., Smith, 1886. Taught English at Vassar, 1890-3; at Western Reserve, 1893-6; instructor and professor of English at Smith, 1901-13.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Son of a Fiddler. 1902. *Uncle William. 1906. Happy Island. 1910. Mr. Achilles. 1912. The Taste of Apples. 1913. Aunt Jane. 1915. The Green Jacket. 1917. The Air-Man and the Tramp. 1918. The Rain-Coat Girl. 1919. The Chinese Coat. 1920. The Other Susan. 1921. Uncle Bijah's Ghost. 1922.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Bk. Buyer, 22 ('01): 99 (portrait).

## Bookm. 36 ('12): 347 (portrait); 38 ('13): 233, 236 (portrait).

See also _Book Review Digest_, 1913, 1915-8.

+Edwin Lefevre+ (Colombia, South America, 1871)--novelist, short-story writer.

Uses Wall Street as material. For bibliography, see _Who's Who in America_.

+Sinclair Lewis+--novelist.

Born at Sauk Center, Minnesota, 1885. Son of a physician. A.B., Yale, 1907. During the next ten years was a newspaper man in Connecticut, Iowa, and California, a magazine editor in Washington, D.C., and editor for New York book publishers. During the last five years has been traveling in the United States, living from one day to six months in the most diverse places, and motoring from end to end of twenty-six states. While supporting himself by short stories and experimental novels, he laid the foundation for his unusually successful _Main Street_. His first book, _Our Mr. Wrenn_, is said to contain a good deal of autobiography.

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING

1. Do you recognize Gopher Prairie as a type? Is Mr. Lewis's picture photography, caricature, or the kind of portraiture that is art? Or to what degree do you find all these elements?

2. Is the main interest of the book in the story? in the characterization? in the satire? or in an element of propaganda?

3. What is to be said of the constructive theory of living proposed by the heroine? Is it better or worse than the standard that prevailed before she went to Gopher Prairie to live?

4. Explain the success of the book. What, if any, elements of permanent value do you find? What conspicuous defects?

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Our Mr. Wrenn. 1914. The Trail of the Hawk. 1915. The Job. 1917. The Innocents. 1917. Free Air. 1919. *Main Street. 1920. Babbitt. 1922.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Am. M. 91 ('21): Apr., p. 16 (portrait). Bookm. 39 ('14): 242, 248 (portrait); 54 ('21): 9. (Archibald Marshall.) Freeman, 2 ('20): 237. Lit. Digest, 68 ('21): Feb. 12, p. 28 (portrait). New Repub. 25 ('20): 20. Sat. Rev. 132 ('21): 230. See also _Book Review Digest_, 1920.

+Ludwig Lewisohn+--critic.

Born at Berlin, Germany. 1882. Brought to America, 1890. A.B., and A.M., College of Charleston, 1901 (Litt. D., 1914); A.M., Columbia, 1903. Editorial work and writing for magazines, 1904-10. Translator from the German. College instructor and professor, 1910-19. Dramatic editor of _The Nation_, 1919--.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Modern Drama. 1915. A Modern Book of Criticism. 1919. Up Stream, an American Chronicle. 1922. The Drama and the Stage. 1922.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

## Bookm. 48 ('19): 558.

Nation 111 ('20): 219. Sewanee R. 17 ('09): 458. See also _Book Review Digest_, 1915, 1920.

+Joseph Crosby Lincoln+ (Massachusetts, 1870)--novelist.

Writes of New England types, especially sailors. For bibliography, see _Who's Who in America_.

+(Nicholas) Vachel Lindsay+--poet.

Born at Springfield, Illinois, 1879. Educated in the public schools. Studied at Hiram College, Ohio, 1897-1900; at the Art Institute, Chicago, 1900-3, and at the New York School of Art, 1904-5. Member of the Christian (Disciples) Church. Y.M.C.A. lecturer, 1905-09. Lecturer for the Anti-Saloon League throughout central Illinois, 1909-10. Makes long pilgrimages on foot (cf. _A Handy Guide for Beggars_).

In the summer of 1912, he walked from Illinois to New Mexico, distributing his poems and speaking in behalf of "The Gospel of Beauty."

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING

1. Read for background _A Handy Guide for Beggars_ and _Adventures while Preaching the Gospel of Beauty_.

2. An important clue to Mr. Lindsay's work is suggested in his own note on reading his poems. Referring to the Greek lyrics as the type which survives in American vaudeville where every line may be two-thirds spoken and one-third sung, he adds: "I respectfully submit these poems as experiments in which I endeavor to carry this vaudeville form back towards the old Greek presentation of the half-chanted lyric. In this case the one-third of music must be added by the instinct of the reader.... Big general contrasts between the main sections should be the rule of the first attempts at improvising. It is the hope of the writer that after two or three readings each line will suggest its own separate touch of melody to the reader who has become accustomed to the cadences. Let him read what he likes read, and sing what he likes sung."

In carrying out this suggestion, note that Mr. Lindsay often prints aids to expression by means of italics, capitals, spaces, and even side notes and other notes on expression.

3. What different kinds of material appeal especially to Mr. Lindsay's imagination? How do you explain his choice, and his limitations?

4. What effect upon his poetry has the missionary spirit which is so strong in him? Is his poetry more valuable for its singing element or for its ethical appeal? Do you discover any special originality?

5. How does his use of local material compare with that of Masters? of Frost? of Sandburg?

6. Study his rhythmic sense in different poems, the verse forms that he uses, the tendencies in rhyme, his use of refrain, of onomatopoeia, of catalogues, etc.

7. Does Mr. Lindsay offend your poetic taste? If so, can you justify his use of the material you object to?

8. Do you judge that Mr. Lindsay is likely to write much greater poetry than he has hitherto produced?

9. Mr. Lindsay's drawings are worth study for comparison with his poems.

10. Compare Mr. Lindsay's development of the idea of the "poem game" with the "poem dance" of Bliss Carman (q.v.).

11. Consider Mr. Lindsay as the "poet of democracy." What is he likely to do for the people? for poetry?

BIBLIOGRAPHY

General William Booth Enters into Heaven, and Other Poems. 1913. Adventures While Preaching the Gospel of Beauty. 1914. (Prose.) The Congo and Other Poems. 1914. The Art of the Moving Picture. 1913. (Prose.) A Handy Guide for Beggars. 1916. (Prose.) The Chinese Nightingale and Other Poems. 1917. The Daniel Jazz and Other Poems. 1920. The Golden Book of Springfield. 1920. (Prose.) The Golden Whales of California. 1920.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Boynton. Untermeyer.

Am. M. 74 ('12): 422 (portrait). Ath. 1919, 2: 1334.

## Bookm. 46 ('18): 575; 47 ('18): 125 (Phelps); 53 ('21): 525 (Morley).

## Bookm. (Lond.) 57 ('20): 178.

Cent. 102 ('21): 638. Chapbook, 1-2, May, 1920: 19. Collier's, 51 ('13): 7 (portrait). Cur. Lit. 50 ('11): 320. Cur. Op. 68 ('20): 851; 69 ('20): 371 (portrait). Dial, 57 ('14): 281. Ind. 77 ('14): 72. Lit. Digest, 65 ('20): 43. Liv. Age, 307 ('20): 671. Lond. Merc. 2 ('20): 645; 3 ('20): 112. New Repub. 9 ('16): supp. 6, (Hackett); 21 ('20): 321. Poetry, 3 ('14): 182; 5 ('15): 296; 11 ('18): 214; 16 ('20): 101; 17 ('21): 262. R. of Rs. 49 ('14): 245. Spec. 125 ('20): 372, 604; 126 ('21): 645. Touchstone, 2 ('18): 510.

+Philip Littell+--critic.

Born at Brookline, Massachusetts, 1868. A.B., Harvard, 1890. On staff of _Milwaukee Sentinel_, 1890-1901, and _New York Globe_, 1910-13. On _The New Republic_ since 1914. His one volume is _Books and Things_, 1919.

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Dial, 68 ('20): 362. No. Am. 210 ('19): 849. See also _Book Review Digest_, 1919.

+Jack London+--novelist.

Born at San Francisco, 1876. Studied at the University of California, but left college to go to the Klondyke. In 1892, shipped before the mast. Went to Japan; hunted seal in Behring Sea. Tramped far and wide in the United States and Canada, in 1894, for social and economic study. War correspondent in the Russian-Japanese War. Traveled extensively. Socialist. Died in 1916.

His work is very uneven; but the following books are regarded as among his best:

The Call of the Wild. 1903. The Sea-Wolf. 1904. Martin Eden. 1909. (Autobiographical.) John Barleycorn. 1913. (Autobiographical.)

For an account of his life and work, see _The Book of Jack London_, by Charmian London, 1921 (cf. _Freeman_, 4 ['22]: 407). For reviews, cf. the _Book Review Digest_, especially 1903-7, 1911, 1915.

+Robert Morss Lovett+--man of letters.

Born at Boston, 1870. A.B., Harvard, 1892. Taught English at Harvard, 1892-3; at Chicago, since 1893; professor since 1909. Editor of _The Dial_, 1919. On the staff of _The New Republic_, 1921--.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Richard Gresham. 1904. (Novel.) A Winged Victory. 1907. (Novel.) Cowards. 1917. (Play, published in _Drama_, 7.)

STUDIES AND REVIEWS

Drama, 7 ('17): 325.

+Amy Lowell+--poet, critic.

Born at Brookline, Massachusetts, 1874. Sister of President Lowell of Harvard, and of Percival Lowell, the astronomer. Distantly related to James Russell Lowell. Educated at private schools. Traveled extensively in Europe as a child. Her visits to Egypt, Greece, and Turkey influenced her development. In 1902, she decided to become a poet and spent eight years studying, without publishing a poem. Her first poem appeared in the _Atlantic_, 1910.

She is a collector of Keats manuscripts and says that the poet who influenced her most profoundly was Keats. She has also made special study of Chinese poetry.

SUGGESTIONS FOR READING

1. As Miss Lowell is the principal exponent of the theories of imagism and free verse in this country, careful reading of some of her critical papers leads to a better understanding of her work. Especially valuable are her studies of Paul Fort in her volume entitled _Six French Poets_, of "H.D." and John Gould Fletcher in her _Tendencies in Modern American Poetry_, the prefaces to different volumes of her poems and to the anthologies published under the title _Some Imagist Poets_ (1915, 1916), and her articles in the _Dial_, 64 ('18): 51 ff., and in Poetry, 3 ('13): 213 ff.

2. In judging her work, consider separately her poems in regular metrical form and those in free verse. Decide which method is better suited to her type of imagination.

3. To what extent does her inspiration come from cultural sources--travel, literature, art, music?