CHAPTER XII

.

THE COLONIZATION OF NEW FRANCE (1608-1750).

107. References.

Bibliographies.--Thwaites, _Jesuit Relations_, LXXI. 219-365, and _France in America_, ch. xix.; H. Biggar, _Early Trading Companies_, 171-296; Larned, _Literature of American History_, 395-421; Avery, II. 403-408, III. 436, 437; P. Gagnon, _Essai de bibliographie canadienne_; H. Harrisse, _Notes pour servir à l'histoire du Canada_. Consult also Wrong and Langton, _Review of Historical Publications relating to Canada_ (published annually).

Historical Maps.--No. 4, this volume (_Epoch Maps_, No. 4); also maps in Parkman, Thwaites, Winsor, and MacCoun.

General Accounts.--Lucas, _Historical Geography_, V. The standard English history of Canada is by W. Kingsford. The principal French historians are M. Faillon, J. Ferland, F. Garnier (English translation by Bell), and B. Sulte. The prime authority for New France is Parkman's series (12 vols., condensed into one by P. Edgar, 1902), _France and England in North America_. Briefer and more recent treatment of New France will be found in Works by Bourinot, Douglas, Greswell, Laut, Roberts, Thwaites, and Tracy.

Special Histories.--Winsor, _Cartier to Frontenac_, and _Mississippi Basin_; Biggar, as above; Doughty and Dionne, _Quebec under Two Flags_; G. Parker, _Old Quebec_; Laut, _Pathfinders of the West_; F. Ogg, _Opening of the Mississippi_; C. Moore, _Northwest under Two Flags_; W. Munro, _Seignorial System in Canada_; Bourinot, _Local Government in Canada_.--French and Indian War: Parkman, _Montcalm and Wolfe_; A. Bradley, _Fight with France for North America_; W. Wood, _Fight for Canada_; A. Doughty, _Siege of Quebec_.--French in Northwest: Hinsdale, _Old Northwest_, chs. iii.-v.; Thwaites, _Wisconsin_ (Commonwealths).--Manners and customs: C. Colby, _Canadian Types of the Old Regime (1608-1698)_; Dunn's _Indiana_ (Commonwealths), chs. ii., iii. for the Northwest; M. Pepper, _Maids and Matrons of New France_; Machar and Marquis, _Stories of New France_. See also biographies of prominent men.

Contemporary Accounts.--For detailed list, consult Thwaites, _France in America_, 298-303. Numerous publications of Canadian and American historical and antiquarian societies (especially the Champlain Society) contain useful material. Relative to the Northwest, see _Wisconsin Historical Collections_, XVI-XVIII.

108. Settlement of Canada (1608-1629).

The story of early French efforts at colonization in North America, from Cartier's visit (1534) to Champlain's foundation of Quebec (1608), the first permanent French colony in Canada, has already been told (