Part 4

1905. _Lepus pinetus robustus_ V. Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 25:159, October 24, type from 6000 ft., Davis Mts., Jeff Davis County, Texas.

1951. _Sylvilagus floridanus robustus_, Hall and Kelson, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:56, October 1, 1951.

_Marginal records._--Texas: The Bowl, Guadalupe Mts. (Hall and Kelson, 1951:56); Chisos Mts. (Nelson, 1909:195); 35 mi. S Marfa (_ibid._).

SYLVILAGUS FLORIDANUS RUSSATUS (J. A. Allen).

1904. _Lepus_ (_Sylvilagus_) _russatus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 20:31, February 29, type from Pasa Nueva, southern Veracruz.

1909. _Sylvilagus floridanus russatus_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:186, August 31.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:187).--Veracruz: Catemaco; Coatzacoalcos; _Minatitlan_; type locality; _Jimba_ (KU 19895).

SYLVILAGUS FLORIDANUS SIMILIS Nelson.

1907. _Sylvilagus floridanus similis_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 20:82, July 22, type from Valentine, Cherry County, Nebraska.

_Marginal records._--Manitoba: Dauphin (Anderson and Rand, 1943:24). Minnesota: Ten Mile Lake (Surber, 1932:74). Nebraska: Neligh (Nelson, 1909:174). Kansas: _Long Island_ (_ibid._); 3 mi. N and 2 mi. W Hoisington (16509 KU); Lane County (5520 KU); Elkader (5595 KU). Colorado: Arvada (Cary, 1911:158). Wyoming: 6400 ft., 3 mi. E Horse Creek, P. O. (15936 KU). Nebraska: 8 mi. E Chadron (39380 KU). Montana: _Little Missouri River, 7 mi. NE Albion_ (Hall and Kelson, 1951:52); Box Elder Creek, 25 mi. SW Sykes (_ibid._). North Dakota: Oakdale (Bailey, 1927:134).

SYLVILAGUS FLORIDANUS SUBCINCTUS (Miller).

1899. _Lepus floridanus subcinctus_ Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 386, October 5, type from Hacienda El Molino, near Negrete, Michoac['a]n.

1904. _Sylvilagus floridanus subcinctus_, Lyon, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 45:336, June 15.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:181).--Jalisco: Lagos. Guanajuato: Ac['a]mbaro. Michoac['a]n: _Querendaro_. Jalisco: _Ameca_; Etzatl['a]n.

SYLVILAGUS FLORIDANUS YUCATANICUS (Miller).

1899. _Lepus floridanus yucatanicus_ Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 384, September 29, type from M['e]rida, Yucat['a]n.

1904. _Sylvilagus floridanus yucatanicus_, Lyon, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 45:336, June 15.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:191).--Yucat['a]n: Progreso; type locality. Campeche: Campeche.

=Sylvilagus transitionalis= (Bangs)

New England Cottontail

1895. _Lepus sylvaticus transitionalis_ Bangs, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 26:405, January 31, type from Liberty Hill, New London County, Connecticut.

1909. _Sylvilagus transitionalis_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:195, August 31.

_Marginal records._--Vermont: west side at Canadian boundary (Osgood, F. L., Jr., 1938:440); Montpelier (_ibid._). Maine: Sagadahoc County (Palmer, 1944:194); _Androscoggin County_ (_ibid._). New York: Miller Place (Nelson, 1909:199). Virginia: Roanoke County (Llewellyn and Handley, 1946:385). North Carolina: Roan Mtn. (Nelson, 1909:199). Georgia: Brasstown Bald Mtn. (A. H. Howell, 1921:71). Alabama: Erin (_ibid._); Ardell (_ibid._). Tennessee: Walden Ridge, "near" Soddy (Kellogg, 1939:291). West Virginia: Ronceverte (Kellogg, 1937:473). Pennsylvania: Renovo (Nelson, 1909:199). New York: Lake George (_ibid._).

[Illustration: FIG. 40. Distribution of _Sylvilagus transitionalis_.]

Total length, 388; tail, 39; hind foot, 95; ear from notch (dry), 52. Upper parts almost pinkish buff, varying to almost ochraceous buff; back overlaid by a distinct black wash giving a penciled effect; anterior extension of supraorbital process obsolete or short and closely appressed to orbital rim; tympanic bullae small, smaller than in any subspecies of _S. floridanus_ in the United States. _S. transitionalis_ is a forest-inhabiting species--more so than is _S. floridanus_.

=Sylvilagus nuttallii=

Nuttall Cottontail

(See figure 39)

Total length, 350-390; tail, 44-50; hind foot, 88-100; ear from notch (dry), 55-56; weight in Nevada, [MALE] 678, 3 [FEMALE] 928 (868-1032) grams. Hind feet densely covered with long hair; ear short; tympanic bulla of moderate size. In the northern part of its range _S. nuttallii_ occurs principally in the sagebrush areas but it occurs also in the timbered areas of the Transition Life-zone and almost exclusively in timbered areas in the southern part of its range. From _S. floridanus_, _S. nuttallii_ along the eastern margin of its range differs in more slender rostrum, and larger external auditory meatus. In New Mexico and Arizona, _S. nuttallii_ differs from _S. floridanus_ in the posteriorly pointed and un-notched supraoccipital shield and in the posterior extension of the supraorbital process, the tip of which projects free from the braincase or merely lies against the braincase instead of being firmly welded to the side of the skull. From _S. audubonii_, _S. nuttallii_ differs in shorter ears, smaller tympanic bullae and smaller hind legs; _S. nuttallii_ usually occurs at higher elevations, or where the two occur at approximately the same elevation _S. nuttallii_ occurs in wooded or brushy areas and _S. audubonii_ lives on the plains or in relatively open country. Eight females contained an average of 6.1 (4-8) embryos.

SYLVILAGUS NUTTALLII GRANGERI (J. A. Allen).

1895. _Lepus sylvaticus grangeri_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:264, August 21, type from Hill City, Black Hills, Pennington County, South Dakota.

1909. _Sylvilagus nuttalli grangeri_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:204, August 31.

1904. _Lepus l[aticinctus]. perplicatus_ Elliott, Field Columb. Mus., publ. 87, zool. ser., 3:255, January 7, type from Hannopee [= Hannaupah] Canyon, Panamint Mts., Inyo County, California.

_Marginal records._--Alberta: Steveville (Anderson, 1943:25). Saskatchewan (_ibid._): Cypress Hills; Johnston Lake; Big Muddy Lake. North Dakota: Goodall (V. Bailey, 1927:137). South Dakota: Custer (Nelson, 1909:207). Wyoming: 2 mi. W Horse Creek P. O. (15935 KU); Sherman (Nelson, 1909:207). Colorado: Meeker (Warren, 1942:272). Utah (Nelson, 1909:207): Mt. Ellen; "Upper Kanab"; Panguitch. Nevada (Hall, 1946:612): 1/4 mi. W Utah-Nev. boundary, 38[deg] 17' N, 7300 ft.; S end Belted Range, 5 mi. NW Whiterock Spring, 7200 ft.; Chiatovich Creek, 7000 ft.; 2-1/2 mi. E and 1 mi. S Grapevine Peak, 6700 ft.; Charleston Park, Kyle Ca[~n]on, 8000 ft. California (Orr, 1940:103): Johnson Canyon, 6500 ft.; nr. Woodfords, 5500 ft. Nevada (Hall, 1946:612): Calvada; Hardscrabble Canyon; Paradise Valley. Idaho (Davis, 1939:363): S. Fork Owyhee River, 12 mi. N Nevada line; Crane Creek, 15 mi. E Midvale; Lemhi. Montana: 4 mi. W Hamilton (Jellison, MS); 2 mi. N Moise Lake (_ibid._). Alberta: Cardston (Anderson, 1947:105).

SYLVILAGUS NUTTALLII NUTTALLII (Bachman).

1837. _Lepus nuttallii_ Bachman, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 7:345, type locality probably eastern Oregon near mouth of Malheur River.

1904. _Sylvilagus nuttallii_, Lyon, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 45:323, June 15.

_Marginal records._--British Columbia: Anarchist Mtn., Osoyoos (Cowan, 1940:9). Washington: Kettle Falls (Dalquest, 1941:408). Idaho: Couer d' Alene (Rust, 1946:322); _Lewiston_ (Davis, 1939:361); Fiddle Creek (_ibid._). Nevada (Hall, 1946:612): 5800 ft., Quinn River Crossing; _1/2 mi. S Granite Cr., Granite Mts._; _Smoke Creek, 9 mi. E California line_; 4-1/2 mi. S Flanigan. California: Truckee (Orr, 1940:101); _Beckwith_ (_ibid._); Weed (Orr, 1940:100); Yreka (_ibid._). Oregon (V. Bailey, 1936:107): near Ashland; Bend; The Dalles. Washington: Grand Dalles (Taylor and Shaw, 1929:29); Yakima Valley (_ibid._); Douglas (Nelson, 1909:203).

SYLVILAGUS NUTTALLII PINETIS (J. A. Allen).

1894. _Lepus sylvaticus pinetis_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 6:348, December 7, type from White Mts., south of Mt. Ord, Apache County, Arizona, according to Warren (Mammals of Colorado, 1942:270).

1909. _Sylvilagus nuttalli pinetis_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:207, August 31.

_Marginal records._--Colorado (Nelson, 1909:210): Arkins; Golden; Greenhorn Mts. New Mexico: Sierra Grande (Nelson, 1909:211); Willis (_ibid._); Zuni Mts. (V. Bailey, 1932:60). Arizona: type locality. Utah (Durrant, MS): 4-1/2 mi. NW Bluff; Block Canyon, 19 mi. SE Moab, 5400 ft.; _5 mi. NE La Sal P. O., 8000 ft._

=Sylvilagus audubonii=

Audubon Cottontail

Total length, 350-420; tail, 45-75; hind foot, 75-100; ear from notch (dry), 55-70; weight of _S. a. vallicola_, 7 [MALE] 912 (835-988), 2 [FEMALE] 1096, 1191 grams. Long hind legs, long ears, sparseness of hair on the ears, shortness of hair on the feet, prominent (upturned) supraorbital process of the skull and much inflated tympanic bullae are characters of this wide-spread species. Embryos in 19 Californian females averaged 3.6 (2-6) per female.

[Illustration: FIG. 41. Distribution of _Sylvilagus audubonii_.

1. _S. a. audubonii_ 2. _S. a. vallicola_ 3. _S. a. sanctidiegi_ 4. _S. a. confinis_ 5. _S. a. arizonae_ 6. _S. a. warreni_ 7. _S. a. baileyi_ 8. _S. a. cedrophilus_ 9. _S. a. neomexicanus_ 10. _S. a. minor_ 11. _S. a. goldmani_ 12. _S. a. parvulus_ ]

SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII ARIZONAE (J. A. Allen).

1877. [_Lepus sylvaticus_] var. _arizonae_ J. A. Allen, Monogr. North Amer. Rodentia, p. 332, August, type from Beals Spring, Yavapai Co., Arizona.

1909. _Sylvilagus auduboni arizonae_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:222, August 31.

1896. _Lepus arizonae major_ Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18:557, June 24, type from Calabasas, Pima County, Arizona.

1904. _Lepus laticinctus_ Elliot, Field Columb. Mus., publ. 87, zool. ser., 3:254, January 7, type from Oro Grande, Mohave Desert, San Bernardino County, California.

1904. _Lepus l[aticinctus]. rufipes_ Elliot, Field Columb. Mus., publ. 87, zool. ser., 3:254, January 7, type from Furnace Cr., Inyo Co., California.

_Marginal records._--Utah (Durrant, MS): 2 mi. SW Fish Springs; Holden; 7 mi. SW Tropic. Arizona (Nelson, 1909:225): Seligman; Ft. Verde; Dos Cabesos. Sonora (Burt, 1938:69): Tecoripa; La Libertad Ranch. Baja California: San Matias Pass (Nelson, 1909:225). California: Vallecito (Orr, 1940:126); Fairmont, Antelope Valley (_ibid._); Little Lake, 3300 ft. (Orr, 1940:125); 5300-5639 ft., near Benton (_ibid._). Nevada (Hall, 1946:614): Arlemont; 4 mi. E Smith Creek Cave.

SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII AUDUBONII (Baird).

1858. _Lepus audubonii_ Baird, Mamm. N. Amer., p. 608, July 14, type from San Francisco, San Francisco County, California.

1909. _Sylvilagus auduboni_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:214, August 31.

_Marginal records_ (Orr, 1940:115).--California: 600 ft., Paines Creek; Rackerby; Pleasant Valley; Snelling; 2 mi. S mouth Salinas River, northward not reaching coast again except at San Francisco, thence around shores of San Francisco Bay to mouth of Carquinez Straits and northward along western side of Sacramento Valley to Winslow, 5 mi. W Fruto.

SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII BAILEYI (Merriam).

1897. _Lepus baileyi_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 11:148, June 9, type from Spring Creek, east side of Bighorn Basin, Bighorn County, Wyoming.

1908. _Sylvilagus auduboni baileyi_, Lantz, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 22:336.

_Marginal records._--Montana: Great Falls of the Missouri (Nelson, 1909:234). North Dakota: Wade on the Cannonball River (V. Bailey, 1927:138). South Dakota: Corral Draw (Nelson, 1909:234). Nebraska: Glen (_ibid._). Kansas: 2-1/2 mi. S and 4 mi. W Oberlin (19035 KU); Wakeeney (1203 KU). Colorado (Nelson, 1909:234): Monon; The Cedars; Quenda [=Querida]; Salida. Wyoming: 1/2 mi. W Horse Creek P. O. (15948 KU). Colorado (Nelson, 1909:234): White Rock [2 mi. above Meeker, 6400 ft.]; 20 mi. SW Rangely. Utah (Durrant, MS): 8 mi. S Myton; 6 mi. NW Duchesne; 10 mi. E Mountain Home. Wyoming (Nelson, 1909:234): Ft. Bridger; Big Piney; Circle. Montana: Stillwater (_ibid._). Phillips Creek, Montana (Nelson 1909:234) not found.

SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII CEDROPHILUS Nelson.

1907. _Sylvilagus auduboni cedrophilus_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 20:83, July 22, type from Cactus Flat, 20 mi. N Cliff, Grant County, New Mexico.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:230).--Arizona: San Francisco Mts. New Mexico: Gallup; Santa Rosa; Capitan; Ancho; Isleta; Burro Mts. Arizona: Springerville.

SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII CONFINIS (J. A. Allen).

1898. _Lepus arizonae confinis_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 10: 146, April 12, type from Playa Maria, Baja California.

1909. _Sylvilagus auduboni confinis_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:220, August 31.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:221).--Baja California: type locality; San Bruno, thence southerly over peninsula to tip.

SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII GOLDMANI (Nelson).

1904. _Lepus arizonae goldmani_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:107, May 18, type from Culiac['a]n, Sinaloa.

1909. _Sylvilagus auduboni goldmani_ Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:225, August 31.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:226).--Sonora: Ortiz; Camoa. Sinaloa: Bacubirito; type locality.

SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII MINOR (Mearns).

1896. _Lepus arizonae minor_ Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18:557, June 24, type from El Paso, El Paso County, Texas.

1907. _S[ylvilagus]. a[uduboni]_. minor, Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 20:83, July 22.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:228, unless otherwise noted).--New Mexico: [12 mi. N] Tularosa. Texas: Kent; Haymond; Langtry. Durango (Nelson, 1909:229): Inde; Rancho Bailon; R['i]o Campo. Arizona: San Bernardino Ranch. New Mexico: Red Rock; _Lordsburg_.

SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII NEOMEXICANUS Nelson.

1907. _Sylvilagus auduboni neomexicanus_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 20:83, July 22, type from Fort Sumner, Guadalupe County, New Mexico.

_Marginal records._--Kansas: 1 mi. E Coolidge (12976 KU); Rezeau Ranch, 5 mi. N Belvidere (13208 KU). Texas: Wichita Falls (Nelson, 1909:236); San Angelo (_ibid._); Adam [=15 mi. E Adams] (Nelson, 1909:236); 28 mi. S Alpine (Borell and Bryant, 1942:39); _15 mi. S Alpine_, (Hall and Kelson, 1951:57); 7 mi. NE Marfa (Blair, 1940:34); Toyahvale [= 10 mi. S of] (Nelson, 1909:236); McKittrick Canyon (Davis and Robertson, 1944:271). New Mexico: Roswell (V. Bailey, 1932:54); Emory Peak (_ibid._).

SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII PARVULUS (J. A. Allen).

1904. _Lepus_ (_Sylvilagus_) _parvulus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 20:34, February 29, type from Apam, Hidalgo.

1909. _Sylvilagus auduboni parvulus_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:236, August 31.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:237, unless otherwise noted).--Texas: Llano; San Diego; Rio Grande City. Tamaulipas: El Mulato (Dice, 1937:256); Miquihuana. San Luis Potos['i]: Rio Verde. Veracruz: Perote. Puebla: Chalchicomula. Guanajuato: Silao. Durango: Durango City. Coahuila: Monclova. Texas: Comstock.

SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII SANCTIDIEGI (Miller).

1899. _Lepus floridanus sanctidiegi_ Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 51:389, October 5, type from Mexican Boundary Monument No. 258, shore of Pacific Ocean, San Diego County, California.

1909. _Sylvilagus auduboni sanctidiegi_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:218, August 31.

_Marginal records._--California (Orr, 1940:122): Sespe; Reche Canyon near Colton; San Felipe Canyon. Baja California (Nelson, 1909:220): Nachog[:u]ero Valley; Santo Tomas, thence northerly along coast.

SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII VALLICOLA Nelson.

1907. _Sylvilagus auduboni vallicola_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 20:82, July 22, type from San Emigdio Ranch, Kern County, California.

_Marginal records_ (Orr, 1940:118, unless otherwise noted).--California: Fresno Flat (Nelson, 1909:218); Badger (_ibid._); 2750 ft., Onyx; Tehachapi (Nelson, 1909:218); Mt. Pinos (Orr, 1940:119), northwesterly, seldom actually reaching coast, to central Monterey County thence easterly to point of beginning.

SYLVILAGUS AUDUBONII WARRENI Nelson.

1907. _Sylvilagus auduboni warreni_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 20:83, July 22, type from Coventry, Montrose County, Colorado.

_Marginal records._--Utah: 5250 ft., Willow Creek (Durrant, MS). Colorado (Nelson, 1909:232): Rifle; Villa Grove; Medano Ranch. New Mexico: Hondo Canyon (Nelson, 1909:232); Cieneguilla (_ibid._); Juan Tafoya (Bailey, 1932:59). Arizona (Nelson, 1909:232): Holbrook; Winslow. Utah: Canesville (_sic_) (Nelson, 1909:232); Wellington (Durrant, MS).

=Sylvilagus aquaticus=

Swamp Rabbit

Total length, 530-540; tail, 67-71; hind foot, 105-110; length of ear from notch (dry), 63-67. Upper parts blackish brown or reddish brown; underparts with some white; under side of tail white; skull robust; posterior extensions of supraorbital processes joined for their entire length with side of braincase or, in some specimens, with a small foramen between the braincase and the base of the posterior extension of the supraorbital process. This big rabbit is a stronger runner than the smaller marsh rabbit and is easily distinguished from the smaller species by larger size and white, instead of brownish or grayish, underside of the tail.

SYLVILAGUS AQUATICUS AQUATICUS (Bachman).

1837. _Lepus aquaticus_ Bachman, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 7:319, type locality western Alabama.

1909. _Sylvilagus aquaticus_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:270, August 31.

1895. _Lepus aquaticus attwateri_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:327, November 8, type from Medina River, 18 mi. S San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas.

1899. _Lepus telmalemonus_ Elliot, Field Columb. Mus., publ. 38, zool. ser., 1:285, May 25, type from Washita River, near Dougherty, Murray County, Oklahoma.

_Marginal records._--Illinois: 6 mi. N Sesser (Cockrum, 1949:427). Indiana: Point Township (Harrison and Hickie, 1931:319). Tennessee: 5 mi. W Hornbeak (Kellogg, 1939:292); Henryville (A. H. Howell, 1909:63). Alabama: Huntsville (Nelson, 1909:273); Big Crow Creek near Stevenson (A. H. Howell, 1921:71). South Carolina: "about" 3 mi. SE Westminster (F. Sherman, 1939:259); "about" 5 mi. W Iva (_ibid._). Georgia: Fulton County (_ibid._); Lumpkin (Nelson, 1909:273). Alabama: Castleberry (_ibid._). Louisiana: Covington (Lowery, 1936:32); Kleinpeter (_ibid._). Texas (Nelson, 1909:273): Sourlake; Richmond; Medina River, 18 mi. SW San Antonio; Gurley. Oklahoma: 7 mi. NW Stillwater (Blair, 1939:129). Kansas: Crawford County (8826 KU). Arkansas: along White River near Springdale (Black, 1936:34). Missouri: 3 mi. SW Udall (Leopold and Hall, 1945:145). Arkansas: White River near Augusta (Dellinger and Black, 1940:190). Missouri: St. Francis River, W of Senath (Nelson, 1909:273).

[Illustration: FIG. 42. Distribution of _Sylvilagus palustris_ and _Sylvilagus aquaticus_.

1. _S. p. palustris_ 2. _S. p. paludicola_ 3. _S. a. aquaticus_ 4. _S. a. littoralis_ ]

SYLVILAGUS AQUATICUS LITTORALIS Nelson.

1909. _Sylvilagus aquaticus littoralis_ Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:273, August 31, type from Houma, Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana.

_Range._--Swamps and marshes along Gulf Coast, wholly within Lower Austral Life-zone, below 50 ft., from Mobile Bay west to Matagordo Bay. Inland _Marginal records_.--Alabama: Blakely Island opposite Mobile (A. H. Howell, 1921:73). Mississippi: Bay St. Louis (Nelson, 1909:275). Louisiana: Rayne (Lowery, 1936:32); Hackberry (Nelson, 1909:275). Texas: Matagorda (Nelson, 1909:275).

=Sylvilagus insonus= (Nelson)

Omilteme Cottontail

(See figure 39)

1904. _Lepus insonus_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:103, May 18, type from Omilteme, Guerrero. Known from type locality only.

1909. _Sylvilagus insonus_, Lyon and Osgood, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 62:34, January 28 (see Hershkovitz, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 100:335, May 26, 1950, for allocation of _S. insonus_ to subgenus _Sylvilagus_ instead of to subgenus _Tapeti_).

Total length, 435; tail, 42.5; hind foot, 95; ear from notch (dry), 61. Color grayish brown above and dingy (not white) below; tail dingy buffy below and dull rusty brown above. The collectors thought that the species was restricted to the forested parts of the Sierra Madre del Sur between 7000 and 10,000 feet altitude in the Mexican state of Guerrero.

[Illustration: FIG. 43. Distribution of _Sylvilagus cunicularius_ and _Sylvilagus graysoni_.

1. _Sylvilagus cunicularius insolitas_ 2. _Sylvilagus cunicularius pacificus_ 3. _Sylvilagus cunicularius cunicularius_ 4. _Sylvilagus graysoni_ ]

=Sylvilagus cunicularius=

Mexican Cottontail

Total length, 485-515; tail, 54-68; hind foot, 108-111; ear from notch (dry), 60-63. Pelage coarse; upper parts brownish gray; skull massive; posterior extensions of supraorbital processes varying from those that project free to those that have the tips, or tips and a considerable part of the processes, attached to the braincase.

SYLVILAGUS CUNICULARIUS CUNICULARIUS (Waterhouse).

1848. _Lepus cunicularius_ Waterhouse, Nat. Hist. Mammalia, 2:132, type from Zacualpan (probably in state of M['e]xico).

1909. _Sylvilagus cunicularius_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:239, August 31.

1890. _Lepus verae-crucis_ Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 74, June, type from Las Vigas, Veracruz.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:241).--Hidalgo: Tulancingo. Veracruz: Las Vigas; Orizaba. Oaxaca: Mt. Zempoaltepec; Suchixtepec. Guerrero: Chilpancingo. Michoac['a]n (Hall and Villa, 1949:469). P['a]tzcuaro; Tanc['i]taro.

SYLVILAGUS CUNICULARIUS INSOLITUS (J. A. Allen).

1890. _Lepus insolitus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3:189, December 10, type from plains of Colima, Jalisco.

1909. _Sylvilagus cunicularius insolitus_, Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:243, August 31.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:244).--Sinaloa: Mazatlan; Rosario; Esquinapa. Nayarit: Acaponeta. Colima: Colima; Armeria, thence northward along Pacific Coast.

SYLVILAGUS CUNICULARIUS PACIFICUS (Nelson).

1904. _Lepus veraecrucis pacificus_ Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:104, May 18, type from Acapulco, Guerrero.

1909. _Sylvilagus cunicularius pacificus_, Lyon and Osgood, Catal. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 62:35, January 28.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:242).--Guerrero: El Lim['o]n. Oaxaca: Llano Grande, thence westward along Pacific Coast.

=Sylvilagus graysoni= (J. A. Allen)

Tres Marias Cottontail

1877. _Lepus graysoni_ J. A. Allen, Monogr. N. Amer. Rodentia, p. 347, August, type from Tres Marias Islands, Jalisco; probably Mar['i]a Madre Island. (See Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 14:16, April 29, 1899.)

1904. _Sylvilagus_ (_Sylvilagus_) _graysoni_, Lyon, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 45:336, June 15.

_Marginal records_ (Nelson, 1909:245): Mar['i]a Madre Island; Mar['i]a Magdalena Island.

Total length, 480; tail, 51; hind foot, 99; ear from notch (dry), 57. This insular species is closely related to _Sylvilagus cunicularius_ of the adjacent mainland but has notably shorter ears and more reddish on the upper parts, sides and legs; the skull is slenderer, especially in the rostral region. The posterior extensions of the supraorbital process are united to the braincase throughout most of their length as in _Sylvilagus palustris_. The species seems to have a narrow vertical range, occurring from sea level up to only 200 feet.

Genus LEPUS Linnaeus--Hares and Jack Rabbits

Revised by Nelson, N. Amer. Fauna, 29:59-158, August 31, 1909. Concerning Shamel's (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 55:25, May 12, 1942) proposed changes of names for several species, see Hall, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:45, October 1, 1951.

1758. _Lepus_ Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, ed. 10, 1:57. Type _Lepus timidus_ Linnaeus.

1895. _Macrotolagus_ Mearns, Science, n. s., 1:698, June 21. Type, _Lepus alleni_ Mearns. (See Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18:552, June 24, 1896.)

1904. _Poecilolagus_ Lyon, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 45:395, June 15. Type, _Lepus americanus_ Erxleben.

1904. _Lagos_ Palmer. N. Amer. Fauna, 23:361, January 23. Type, _Lepus arcticus_ Ross. _Lagos_ J. Brooks, a catalogue of the anatomical and zoological museum, pt. 1, p. 54, July, 1828, appears to be a _nomen nudum_.

1911. _Boreolepus_ Barrett-Hamilton, History of the British Mammalia, pt. 9, p. 160, November 17. Type, _Lepus groenlandicus_ Rhoads. (For status see Sutton and Hamilton, Mem. Carnegie Mus., 12 (pt. 2, sec. 1):78, August 4, 1932; also A. H. Howell, Jour. Mamm., 17:331, November 16.)

Total length, 363-664; tail, 25-112; hind foot, 112-189; ear from notch (dry), 62-144. Upper parts grayish, brownish or black; interparietal bone fused to surrounding bones; cervical vertabrae long, 2nd and 3rd being longer than wide; transverse processes of lumbar vertabrae long, the longest one equal to the length of the centrum to which it is attached plus half of the length of the preceding centrum; free extremity of transverse process of lumbar vertebra considerably expanded; distance from anterior edge of acetabulum to extreme anterior point of ilium less than distance from former point to most distant point of ischium; ulna reduced in size along middle part of shaft, and, excepting the lower extremity, placed almost entirely behind radius.

All members of the genus _Lepus_ are technically hares, as these are defined in the account of the family Leporidae. The largest members of the order Lagomorpha are members of the genus _Lepus_. No domestic strains have been developed but effort in this direction might be profitable, in as much as the so-called Belgian hares of the related genus, _Oryctolagus_, have done well in captivity.

In the past it has been customary to recognize two or more subgenera of the genus _Lepus_. The species are a less diverse lot than those in some other genera, however, and it seems that no useful purpose is served by recognizing subgenera. Accordingly, the several names proposed for this purpose are arranged here as synonyms of the generic name _Lepus_ Linnaeus.

The introduction of the European Hare (_Lepus europaeus_) into the eastern part of the North American Continent has been successful in the sense that the animal is multiplying. If it continues to increase, the increase almost certainly will be at the expense of some native species of rabbit. This circumstance and the unfortunate consequences of the introduction of the European rabbit (_Oryctolagus cuniculus_) in New Zealand (see Wodzicki, 1950:107-141) and Australia (see Stead, 1925:355-358) give basis for effort to exterminate the alien species before it spreads more widely.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS LEPUS

1. North of 34[deg] N latitude.

2. All white pelage (tips of ears sometimes black).

3. North of line from Port Simpson, British Columbia, to Halifax, Nova Scotia.

4. Basilar length of skull more than 67; ear from notch usually more than 73 dry (77 fresh); first upper incisors inscribing an arch of a circle the radius of which is more than 9.6 mm.

5. Geographic range east of Mackenzie River. _Lepus arcticus_, p. 178

5'. Geographic range west of Mackenzie River. _Lepus othus_, p. 177

4'. Basilar length of skull less than 67; ear from notch usually less than 73 dry (77 fresh); first upper incisors inscribing an arch of a circle the radius of which is less than 9.6 mm. _Lepus americanus_, p. 173

3'. South of a line from Port Simpson, British Columbia to Halifax, Nova Scotia.

5. Ear from notch more than 82 dry (87 fresh); least interorbital breadth more than 26 _Lepus townsendii_, p. 180

5'. Ear from notch less than 82 dry (87 fresh); least interorbital breadth less than 26 _Lepus americanus_, p. 173

2'. Brownish or grayish pelage.

6. Tail blackish or brownish all around (in specimens not having completed molt on tail, white winter pelage may be present); basilar length less than 67 mm. _Lepus americanus_, p. 173

6'. Tail partly or wholly white.

7. Tail black on upper surface.

8. Upper sides of hind feet without a trace of white; upper parts tawny. _Lepus europaeus_, p. 189

8'. Upper sides of hind feet with more or less white or whitish; upper parts grayish or brownish _Lepus californicus_, p. 181