I.

The first attempts at composition among all barbarous nations are ever found to be poetry and song. The praises of their gods, and the achievements of their heroes, are usually chanted at their festival meetings. These are the first rudiments of history. It is in this manner that the savages of North America preserve the memory of past events[465]; and the same method is known to have prevailed among our Saxon ancestors before they quitted their German forests[466]. The ancient Britons had their Bards, and the Gothic nations their Scalds or popular poets[467], whose business it was to record the victories of their warriors, and the genealogies of their princes, in a kind of narrative songs, which were committed to memory, and delivered down from one reciter to another. So long as poetry continued a distinct profession, and while the Bard, or Scald, was a regular and stated officer in the prince's court, these men are thought to have performed the functions of the historian pretty faithfully; for though their narrations would be apt to receive a good deal of embellishment, they are supposed to have had at the bottom so much of truth as to serve for the basis of more regular annals. At least succeeding historians have taken up with the relations of these rude men, and for the want of more authentic records, have agreed to allow them the credit of true history[468].

After letters began to prevail, and history assumed a more stable form, by being committed to plain simple prose; these songs of the Scalds or Bards began to be more amusing than useful. And in proportion as it became their business chiefly to entertain and delight, they gave more and more into embellishment, and set off their recitals with such marvellous fictions, as were calculated to captivate gross and ignorant minds. Thus began stories of adventures with giants and dragons, and witches and enchanters, and all the monstrous extravagances of wild imagination, unguided by judgment, and uncorrected by art[469].

This seems to be the true origin of that species of romance, which so long celebrated feats of chivalry, and which at first in metre, and afterwards in prose, was the entertainment of our ancestors, in common with their contemporaries on the continent, till the satire of Cervantes, or rather the increase of knowledge and classical literature, drove them off the stage to make room for a more refined species of fiction, under the name of French Romances, copied from the Greek[470].

That our old romances of chivalry may be derived in a lineal descent from the ancient historical songs of the Gothic Bards and Scalds, will be shown below, and indeed appears the more evident, as many of those songs are still preserved in the north, which exhibit all the seeds of chivalry before it became a solemn institution[471]. "Chivalry, as a distinct military order, conferred in the way of investiture, and accompanied with the solemnity of an oath, and other ceremonies," was of later date, and sprung out of the feudal constitution, as an elegant writer has clearly shown[472]. But the ideas of chivalry prevailed long before in all the Gothic nations, and may be discovered as in embriyo in the customs, manners, and opinions of every branch of that people[473]. That fondness of going in quest of adventures, that spirit of challenging to single combat, and that respectful complaisance shewn to the fair sex, (so different from the manners of the Greeks and Romans), all are of Gothic origin, and may be traced up to the earliest times among all the northern nations[474]. These existed long before the feudal ages, though they were called forth and strengthened in a peculiar manner under that constitution, and at length arrived to their full maturity in the times of the Crusades, so replete with romantic adventures[475].

Even the common arbitrary fictions of romance were (as is hinted above) most of them familiar to the ancient Scalds of the North, long before the time of the Crusades. They believed the existence of giants and dwarfs[476]; they entertained opinions not unlike the more modern notion of fairies[477], they were strongly possessed with the belief of spells and inchantment[478], and were fond of inventing combats with dragons and monsters[479].

The opinion therefore seems very untenable, which some learned and ingenious men have entertained, that the turn for chivalry, and the taste for that species of romantic fiction were caught by the Spaniards from the Arabians or Moors after their invasion of Spain, and from the Spaniards transmitted to the bards of Armorica[480], and thus diffused through Britain, France, Italy, Germany, and the North. For it seems utterly incredible, that one rude people should adopt a peculiar taste and manner of writing or thinking from another, without borrowing at the same time any of their particular stories and fables, without appearing to know anything of their heroes, history, laws, and religion. When the Romans began to adopt and imitate the Grecian literature, they immediately naturalized all the Grecian fables, histories, and religious stories; which became as familiar to the poets of Rome, as of Greece itself. Whereas all the old writers of chivalry, and of that species of romance, whether in prose or verse, whether of the Northern nations, or of Britain, France, and Italy, not excepting Spain itself[481], appear utterly unacquainted with whatever relates to the Mahometan nations. Thus with regard to their religion, they constantly represent them as worshipping idols, as paying adoration to a golden image of Mahomet, or else they confound them with the ancient pagans, &c. And indeed in all other respects they are so grossly ignorant of the customs, manners, and opinions of every branch of that people, especially of their heroes, champions, and local stories, as almost amounts to a demonstration that they did not imitate them in their songs or romances: for as to dragons, serpents, necromancies, &c., why should these be thought only derived from the Moors in Spain so late as after the eighth century? since notions of this kind appear too familiar to the northern Scalds and enter too deeply into all the northern mythology, to have been transmitted to the unlettered Scandinavians, from so distant a country, at so late a period. If they may not be allowed to have brought these opinions with them in their original migrations from the north of Asia, they will be far more likely to have borrowed them from the Latin poets after the Roman conquests in Gaul, Britain, Germany, &c. For, I believe one may challenge the maintainers of this opinion, to produce any Arabian poem or history, that could possibly have been then known in Spain, which resembles the old Gothic romances of chivalry half so much as the Metamorphoses of Ovid.

But we well know that the Scythian nations situate in the countries about Pontus, Colchis, and the Euxine sea, were in all times infamous for their magic arts: and as Odin and his followers are said to have come precisely from those parts of Asia; we can readily account for the prevalence of fictions of this sort among the Gothic nations of the North, without fetching them from the Moors in Spain; who for many centuries after their irruption, lived in a state of such constant hostility with the unsubdued Spanish Christians, whom they chiefly pent up in the mountains, as gave them no chance of learning their music, poetry, or stories; and this, together with the religious hatred of the latter for their cruel invaders, will account for the utter ignorance of the old Spanish romancers in whatever relates to the Mahometan nations, although so nearly their own neighbours.

On the other hand, from the local customs and situations, from the known manners and opinions of the Gothic nations in the north, we can easily account for all the ideas of chivalry and its peculiar fictions[482]. For, not to mention their distinguished respect for the fair sex, so different from the manners of the Mahometan nations[483], their national and domestic history so naturally assumes all the wonders of this species of fabling, that almost all their historical narratives appear regular romances. One might refer in proof of this to the old northern Sagas in general: but to give a particular instance it will be sufficient to produce the history of King Regner Lodbrog, a celebrated warrior and pirate, who reigned in Denmark about the year 800[484]. This hero signalized his youth by an exploit of gallantry. A Swedish prince had a beautiful daughter whom he intrusted (probably during some expedition) to the care of one of his officers, assigning a strong castle for their defence. The officer fell in love with his ward, and detained her in his castle, spite of all the efforts of her father. Upon this he published a proclamation through all the neighbouring countries, that whoever would conquer the ravisher and rescue the lady should have her in marriage. Of all that undertook the adventure, Regner alone was so happy as to achieve it: he delivered the fair captive, and obtained her for his prize. It happened that the name of this discourteous officer was Orme, which in the Islandic language signifies serpent: Wherefore the Scalds, to give the more poetical turn to the adventure, represent the lady as detained from her father by a dreadful dragon, and that Regner slew the monster to set her at liberty. This fabulous account of the exploit is given in a poem still extant, which is even ascribed to Regner himself, who was a celebrated poet; and which records all the valiant achievements of his life[485].

With marvelous embellishments of this kind the Scalds early began to decorate their narratives: and they were the more lavish of these, in proportion as they departed from their original institution, but it was a long time before they thought of delivering a set of personages and adventures wholly feigned. Of the great multitude of romantic tales still preserved in the libraries of the North, most of them are supposed to have had some foundation in truth, and the more ancient they are, the more they are believed to be connected with true history[486].

It was not probably till after the historian and the bard had been long disunited, that the latter ventured at pure fiction. At length when their business was no longer to instruct or inform, but merely to amuse, it was no longer needful for them to adhere to truth. Then succeeded fabulous songs and romances in verse, which for a long time prevailed in France and England before they had books of chivalry in prose. Yet in both these countries the minstrels still retained so much of their original institution, as frequently to make true events the subject of their songs[487]; and indeed, as during the barbarous ages, the regular histories were almost all written in Latin by the monks, the memory of events was preserved and propagated among the ignorant laity by scarce any other means than the popular songs of the minstrels.

II. The inhabitants of Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, being the latest converts to Christianity, retained their original manners and opinions longer than the other nations of Gothic race: and therefore they have preserved more of the genuine compositions of their ancient poets, than their southern neighbours. Hence the progress, among them, from poetical history to poetical fiction is very discernible: they have some old pieces, that are in effect complete Romances of Chivalry[488]. They have also (as hath been observed) a multitude of Sagas[489] or histories on romantic subjects, containing a mixture of prose and verse, of various dates, some of them written since the times of the Crusades, others long before: but their narratives in verse only are esteemed the more ancient.

Now as the irruption of the Normans[490] into France under Rollo did not take place till towards the beginning of the tenth century, at which time the Scaldic art was arrived to the highest perfection in Rollo's native country, we can easily trace the descent of the French and English romances of chivalry from the Northern Sagas. That conqueror doubtless carried many Scalds with him from the north, who transmitted their skill to their children and successors. These adopting the religion, opinions, and language of the new country, substituted the heroes of Christendom instead of those of their pagan ancestors, and began to celebrate the feats of Charlemagne, Roland, and Oliver; whose true history they set off and embellished with the Scaldic figments of dwarfs, giants, dragons, and enchantments. The first mention we have in song of those heroes of chivalry is in the mouth of a Norman warrior at the conquest of England[491]: and this circumstance alone would sufficiently account for the propagation of this kind of romantic poems among the French and English.

But this is not all; it is very certain, that both the Anglo-Saxons and the Franks had brought with them, at their first emigrations into Britain and Gaul, the same fondness for the ancient songs of their ancestors, which prevailed among the other Gothic tribes[492], and that all their first annals were transmitted in these popular oral poems. This fondness they even retained long after their conversion to Christianity, as we learn from the examples of Charlemagne and Alfred[493]. Now poetry, being thus the transmitter of facts, would as easily learn to blend them with fictions in France and England, as she is known to have done in the north, and that much sooner, for the reasons before assigned[494]. This, together with the example and influence of the Normans, will easily account to us, why the first romances of chivalry that appeared both in England and France[495] were composed in metre, as a rude kind of epic songs. In both kingdoms tales in verse were usually sung by minstrels to the harp on festival occasions: and doubtless both nations derived their relish for this sort of entertainment from their Teutonic ancestors, without either of them borrowing it from the other. Among both people narrative songs on true or fictitious subjects had evidently obtained from the earliest times. But the professed romances of chivalry seem to have been first composed in France, where also they had their name.

The Latin tongue, as is observed by an ingenious writer[496], ceased to be spoken in France about the ninth century, and was succeeded by what was called the Romance tongue, a mixture of the language of the Franks and bad Latin. As the songs of chivalry became the most popular compositions in that language, they were emphatically called Romans or Romants; though this name was at first given to any piece of poetry. The romances of chivalry can be traced as early as the eleventh century[497]. I know not if the _Roman de Brut_ written in 1155, was such: but if it was, it was by no means the first poem of the kind; others more ancient are still extant[498]. And we have already seen, that, in the preceding century, when the Normans marched down to the battle of Hastings, they animated themselves, by singing (in some popular romance or ballad) the exploits of Roland and the other heroes of chivalry[499].

So early as this I cannot trace the songs of chivalry in English. The most ancient I have seen, is that of Hornechild described below, which seems not older than the twelfth century. However, as this rather resembles the Saxon poetry than the French, it is not certain that the first English romances were translated from that language[500]. We have seen above, that a propensity to this kind of fiction prevailed among all the Gothic nations[501]; and, though after the Norman Conquest, this country abounded with French romances, or with translations from the French, there is good reason to believe, that the English had original pieces of their own.

The stories of King Arthur and his Round Table, may be reasonably supposed of the growth of this island; both the French and the Armoricans probably had them from Britain[502]. The stories of Guy and Bevis, with some others, were probably the invention of English minstrels[503]. On the other hand, the English procured translations of such romances as were most current in France; and in the list given at the conclusion of these remarks, many are doubtless of French original.

The first prose books of chivalry that appeared in our language, were those printed by Caxton[504]; at least, these are the first I have been able to discover, and these are all translations from the French. Whereas romances of this kind had been long current in metre, and were so generally admired in the time of Chaucer, that his rhyme of Sir Thopas was evidently written to ridicule and burlesque them[505].

He expressly mentions several of them by name in a stanza, which I have had occasion to quote more than once in this volume:

"Men speken of Romaunces of pris Of Horn-Child, and of Ipotis Of Bevis, and Sire Guy Of Sire Libeux, and Pleindamour, But Sire Thopas, he bereth the flour Of real chevalrie"[506].

Most, if not all of these are still extant in MS. in some or other of our libraries, as I shall shew in the conclusion of this slight essay, where I shall give a list of such metrical histories and romances as have fallen under my observation.

As many of these contain a considerable portion of poetic merit, and throw great light on the manners and opinions of former times, it were to be wished that some of the best of them were rescued from oblivion. A judicious collection of them accurately published with proper illustrations, would be an important accession to our stock of ancient English literature. Many of them exhibit no mean attempts at epic poetry, and though full of the exploded fictions of chivalry, frequently display great descriptive and inventive powers in the bards, who composed them. They are at least generally equal to any other poetry of the same age. They cannot indeed be put in competition with the nervous productions of so universal and commanding a genius as Chaucer, but they have a simplicity that makes them be read with less interruption, and be more easily understood: and they are far more spirited and entertaining than the tedious allegories of Gower, or the dull and prolix legends of Lydgate. Yet, while so much stress was laid upon the writings of these last, by such as treat of English poetry, the old metrical romances, though far more popular in their time, were hardly known to exist. But it has happened unluckily, that the antiquaries, who have revived the works of our ancient writers, have been for the most part men void of taste and genius, and therefore have always fastidiously rejected the old poetical romances, because founded on fictitious or popular subjects, while they have been careful to grub up every petty fragment of the most dull and insipid rhymist, whose merit it was to deform morality, or obscure true history. Should the publick encourage the revival of some of those ancient epic songs of chivalry, they would frequently see the rich ore of an Ariosto or a Tasso, though buried it may be among the rubbish and dross of barbarous times.

Such a publication would answer many important uses: It would throw new light on the rise and progress of English poetry, the history of which can be but imperfectly understood, if these are neglected: It would also serve to illustrate innumerable passages in our ancient classic poets, which without their help must be for ever obscure. For, not to mention Chaucer and Spencer, who abound with perpetual allusions to them, I shall give an instance or two from Shakespeare, by way of specimen of their use.

In his play of _King John_ our great dramatic poet alludes to an exploit of Richard I. which the reader will in vain look for in any true history. Faulconbridge says to his mother, act i. sc. 1.

"Needs must you lay your heart at his dispose ... Against whose furie and unmatched force, The awlesse lion could not wage the fight, Nor keepe his princely heart from Richard's hand: He that perforce robs Lions of their hearts May easily winne a woman's:"

The fact here referred to, is to be traced to its source only in the old romance of _Richard Ceur["C[oe]ur"?] de Lyon_[507], in which his encounter with a lion makes a very shining figure. I shall give a large extract from this poem, as a specimen of the manner of these old rhapsodists, and to shew that they did not in their fictions neglect the proper means to produce the ends, as was afterwards so childishly done in the prose books of chivalry.

The poet tells us, that Richard, in his return from the Holy Land, having been discovered in the habit of "a palmer in Almayne," and apprehended as a spy, was by the king thrown into prison. Wardrewe, the king's son, hearing of Richard's great strength, desires the jailor to let him have a sight of his prisoners. Richard being the foremost, Wardrewe asks him, "if he dare stand a buffet from his hand?" and that on the morrow he shall return him another. Richard consents, and receives a blow that staggers him. On the morrow, having previously waxed his hands, he waits his antagonist's arrival. Wardrewe accordingly, proceeds the story, "held forth as a trewe man," and Richard gave him such a blow on the cheek, as broke his jawbone, and killed him on the spot. The king, to revenge the death of his son, orders, by the advice of one Eldrede, that a lion, kept purposely from food, shall be turned loose upon Richard. But the king's daughter having fallen in love with him, tells him of her father's resolution, and at his request procures him forty ells of white silk "kerchers;" and here the description of the combat begins:

"The kever-chefes[508] he toke on honde, And aboute his arme he wonde; And thought in that ylke while, To slee the lyon with some gyle. And syngle in a kyrtyll he stode, And abode the lyon fyers and wode, With that came the jaylere, And other men that wyth him were, And the lyon them amonge; His pawes were stiffe and stronge. The chambre dore they undone, And the lyon to them is gone. Rycharde sayd, Helpe lorde Jesu! The lyon made to hym venu, And wolde hym have all to rente: Kynge Rycharde besyde hym glente[509] The lyon on the breste hym spurned, That aboute he tourned. The lyon was hongry and megre, And bette his tayle to be egre; He loked aboute as he were madde; Abrode he all his pawes spradde. He cryed lowde, and yaned[510] wyde. Kynge Rycharde bethought hym that tyde What hym was beste, and to hym sterte, In at the throte his honde he gerte, And hente out the herte with his honde, Lounge and all that he there fonde. The lyon fell deed to the grounde: Rycharde felte no wem[511], ne wounde. He fell on his knees on that place, And thanked Jesu of his grace." * * * * *

What follows is not so well, and therefore I shall extract no more of this poem.--For the above feat the author tells us, the king was deservedly called

"Stronge Rycharde Cure de Lyowne."

That distich which Shakespeare puts in the mouth of his madman in _K. Lear_, act iii. sc. 4.

"Mice and Rats and such small deere Have been Tom's food for seven long yeare,"

has excited the attention of the critics. Instead of _deere_, one of them would substitute _geer_; and another _cheer_[512]. But the ancient reading is established by the old romance of Sir Bevis, which Shakespeare had doubtless often heard sung to the harp. This distich is part of a description there given of the hardships suffered by Bevis, when confined for seven years in a dungeon:

"Rattes and myse and such small dere Was his meate that seven yere."--Sign. F. iii.

III. In different parts of this work, the reader will find various extracts from these old poetical legends; to which I refer him for farther examples of their style and metre. To complete this subject, it will be proper at least to give one specimen of their skill in distributing and conducting their fable, by which it will be seen that nature and common sense had supplied to these old simple bards the want of critical art, and taught them some of the most essential rules of epic poetry.--I shall select the romance of _Libius Disconius_[513], as being one of those mentioned by Chaucer, and either shorter or more intelligible than the others he has quoted.

If an epic poem may be defined,[514] "A fable related by a poet, to excite admiration, and inspire virtue, by representing the action of some one hero, favoured by heaven, who executes a great design, in spite of all the obstacles that oppose him:" I know not why we should withold the name of Epic Poem from the piece which I am about to analyse.

My copy is divided into IX. Parts or Cantos, the several arguments of which are as follows.

## PART I.

Opens with a short exordium to bespeak attention: the hero is described; a natural son of Sir Gawain a celebrated knight of king Arthur's court, who being brought up in a forest by his mother, is kept ignorant of his name and descent. He early exhibits marks of his courage, by killing a knight in single combat, who encountered him as he was hunting. This inspires him with a desire of seeking adventures: therefore cloathing himself in his enemy's armour, he goes to K. Arthur's court, to request the order of knighthood. His request granted, he obtains a promise of having the first adventure assigned him that shall offer.--A damsel named Ellen, attended by a dwarf, comes to implore K. Arthur's assistance, to rescue a young princess, "the Lady of Sinadone" their mistress, who is detained from her rights, and confined in prison. The adventure is claimed by the young knight Sir Lybius: the king assents; the messengers are dissatisfied, and object to his youth; but are forced to acquiesce. And here the first book closes with a description of the ceremony of equipping him forth.

## PART II.

Sir Lybius sets out on the adventure: he is derided by the dwarf and the damsel on account of his youth: they come to the bridge of Perill, which none can pass without encountering a knight called William de la Braunch. Sir Lybius is challenged: they just with their spears: De la Braunch is dismounted: the battle is renewed on foot: Sir William's sword breaks: he yields. Sir Lybius makes him swear to go and present himself to K. Arthur, as the first-fruits of his valour. The conquered knight sets out for K. Arthur's court: is met by three knights, his kinsmen; who, informed of his disgrace, vow revenge, and pursue the conqueror. The next day they overtake him: the eldest of the three attacks Sir Lybius; but is overthrown to the ground. The two other brothers assault him: Sir Lybius is wounded; yet cuts off the second brother's arm: the third yields; Sir Lybius sends them all to K. Arthur. In the third evening he is awaked by the dwarf, who has discovered a fire in the wood.

## PART III.

Sir Lybius arms himself, and leaps on horseback: he finds two giants roasting a wild boar, who have a fair lady their captive. Sir Lybius, by favour of the night, runs one of them through with his spear: is assaulted by the other: a fierce battle ensues: he cuts off the giant's arm, and at length his head. The rescued lady (an Earl's daughter) tells him her story; and leads him to her father's castle; who entertains him with a great feast; and presents him at parting with a suit of armour and a steed. He sends the giant's head to K. Arthur.

## PART IV.

Sir Lybius, maid Ellen, and the dwarf, renew their journey: they see a castle stuck round with human heads; and are informed it belongs to a knight called Sir Gefferon, who, in honour of his lemman or mistress, challenges all comers: He that can produce a fairer lady, is to be rewarded with a milk-white faulcon, but if overcome, to lose his head. Sir Lybius spends the night in the adjoining town: In the morning goes to challenge the faulcon. The knights exchange their gloves: they agree to just in the market place: the lady and maid Ellen are placed aloft in chairs: their dresses: the superior beauty of Sir Gefferon's mistress described: the ceremonies previous to the combat. They engage: the combat described at large: Sir Gefferon is incurably hurt; and carried home on his shield. Sir Lybius sends the faulcon to K. Arthur; and receives back a large present in florins. He stays 40 days to be cured of his wounds, which he spends in feasting with the neighbouring lords.

## PART V.

Sir Lybius proceeds for Sinadone: in the forest he meets a knight hunting, called Sir Otes de Lisle: maid Ellen charmed with a very beautiful dog, begs Sir Lybius to bestow him upon her: Sir Otes meets them, and claims his dog: is refused: being unarmed he rides to his castle, and summons his followers: they go in quest of Sir Lybius: a battle ensues: he is still victorious, and forces Sir Otes to follow the other conquered knights to K. Arthur.

## PART VI.

Sir Lybius comes to a fair city and castle by a riverside, beset round with pavilions or tents: he is informed, in the castle is a beautiful lady besieged by a giant named Maugys, who keeps the bridge, and will let none pass without doing him homage: this Lybius refuses: a battle ensues: the giant described: the several incidents of the battle; which lasts a whole summer's day; the giant is wounded: put to flight; slain. The citizens come out in procession to meet their deliverer: the lady invites him into her castle: falls in love with him; and seduces him to her embraces. He forgets the princess of Sinadone, and stays with this bewitching lady a twelvemonth. This fair sorceress, like another Alcina, intoxicates him with all kinds of sensual pleasure; and detains him from the pursuit of honour.

## PART VII.

Maid Ellen by chance gets an opportunity of speaking to him; and upbraids him with his vice and folly: he is filled with remorse, and escapes the same evening. At length he arrives at the city and castle of Sinadone: Is given to understand that he must challenge the constable of the castle to single combat, before he can be received as a guest. They just: the constable is worsted: Sir Lybius is feasted in the castle: he declares his intention of delivering their lady; and inquires the particulars of her history. "Two necromancers have built a fine palace by sorcery, and there keep her inchanted, till she will surrender her duchy to them, and yield to such base conditions as they would impose."

## PART VIII.

Early on the morrow Sir Lybius sets out for the inchanted palace. He alights in the court: enters the hall: the wonders of which are described in strong Gothic painting. He sits down at the high table: on a sudden all the lights are quenched: it thunders, and lightens; the palace shakes; the walls fall in pieces about his ears. He is dismayed and confounded: but presently hears horses neigh, and is challenged to single combat by the sorcerers. He gets to his steed: a battle ensues, with various turns of fortune: he loses his weapon; but gets a sword from one of the necromancers, and wounds the other with it: the edge of the sword being secretly poisoned, the wound proves mortal.

## PART IX.

He goes up to the surviving sorcerer, who is carried away from him by inchantment: at length he finds him, and cuts off his head; he returns to the palace to deliver the lady; but cannot find her: as he is lamenting, a window opens, through which enters a horrible serpent with wings and a woman's face: it coils round his neck and kisses him; then is suddenly converted into a very beautiful lady. She tells him she is the Lady of Sinadone, and was so inchanted, till she might kiss Sir Gawain, or some one of his blood: that he has dissolved the charm, and that herself and her dominions may be his reward. The knight (whose descent is by this means discovered) joyfully accepts the offer; makes her his bride, and then sets out with her for King Arthur's court.

Such is the fable of this ancient piece: which the reader may observe, is as regular in its conduct, as any of the finest poems of classical antiquity. If the execution, particularly as to the diction and sentiments, were but equal to the plan, it would be a capital performance; but this is such as might be expected in rude and ignorant times, and in barbarous unpolished language.

IV. I shall conclude this prolix account, with a list of such old metrical romances as are still extant; beginning with those mentioned by Chaucer.

1. The romance of _Horne Childe_ is preserved in the British Museum, where it is intitled +þe geste+ kyng Horne. See Catalog. Harl. MSS. 2253, p. 70. The language is almost Saxon, yet from the mention in it of Sarazens, it appears to have been written after some of the Crusades. It begins thus:

"All heo ben blyþe þat to my son[gh] ylyþe: A son[gh] ychulle ou sin[gh] Of Allof þe [gh]ode kyn[gh]e,"[515] &c.

Another copy of this poem, but greatly altered, and somewhat modernized, is preserved in the Advocates Library at Edinburgh, in a MS. quarto volume of old English poetry [W. 4. 1.] Num. XXXIV. in seven leaves or folios[516], intitled, _Horn-child and Maiden Rinivel_, and beginning thus:

"Mi leve frende dere, Herken and ye may here."

2. The poem of _Ipotis_ (or _Ypotis_) is preserved in the Cotton Library, Calig. A. 2, fo. 77, but is rather a religious legend, than a romance. Its beginning is,

"He þat wyll of wysdome here Herkeneth nowe ye may here Of a tale of holy wryte Seynt Jon the Evangelyste wytnesseth hyt."

3. The romance of Sir _Guy_ was written before that of Bevis, being quoted in it[517]. An account of this old poem is given above, p. 107. To which it may be added, that the two complete copies in MS. are preserved at Cambridge, the one in the public library[518], the other in that of Caius College, Class A. 8.--In Ames's Typog. p. 153, may be seen the first lines of the printed copy.--The first MS. begins,

"Sythe the tyme that God was borne."

4. _Guy and Colbronde_, an old romance in three parts, is preserved in the Editor's folio MS. (p. 349.) [printed edition, vol. ii. p. 527.] It is in stanzas of six lines, the first of which may be seen in vol. ii. p. 175, beginning thus:

"When meate and drinke is great plentye."

In the Edinburgh MS. (mentioned above) are two ancient poems on the subject of _Guy of Warwick_: viz. Num. XVIII. containing 26 leaves, and XX. 59 leaves. Both these have unfortunately the beginnings wanting, otherwise they would perhaps be found to be different copies of one or both the preceding articles.

5. From the same MS. I can add another article to this list, viz. the romance of _Rembrun_ son of Sir Guy; being Num. XXI. in 9 leaves: this is properly a continuation of the History of _Guy_: and in Art. 3, the Hist. of Rembrun follows that of Guy as a necessary part of it. This Edinburgh romance of Rembrun begins thus:

"Jesu that erst of mighte most Fader and sone and Holy Ghost."

Before I quit the subject of Sir Guy, I must observe, that if we may believe Dugdale in his _Baronage_ (vol. i. p. 243, col. 2), the fame of our English Champion had in the time of Henry IV. travelled as far as the East, and was no less popular among the Sarazens, than here in the West among the nations of Christendom. In that reign a Lord Beauchamp travelling to Jerusalem was kindly received by a noble person, the Soldan's Lieutenant, who hearing he was descended from the famous Guy of Warwick, "whose story they had in books of their own language," invited him to his palace; and royally feasting him, presented him three precious stones of great value, besides divers cloaths of silk and gold given to his servants.

6. The romance of _Syr Bevis_ is described in page 216 of this vol. Two manuscript copies of this poem are extant at Cambridge, viz., in the public library[519], and in that of Caius Coll. Class A. 9. (5.)--The first of these begins,

"Lordyngs lystenyth grete and smale."

There is also a copy of this romance of _Sir Bevis of Hamptoun_, in the Edinburgh MS. Numb. XXII. consisting of twenty-five leaves, and beginning thus:

"Lordinges herkneth to mi tale, Is merier than the nightengale."

The printed copies begin different from both, viz.,

"Lysten, Lordinges, and hold you styl."

7. _Libeaux_ (_Libeaus_, or _Lybius_) _Disconius_ is preserved in the Editor's folio MS. (page 317) [pr. ed, vol. ii. p. 415], where the first stanza is,

"Jesus Christ christen kinge, And his mother that sweete thinge, Helpe them at their neede, That will listen to my tale, Of a Knight I will you tell, A doughtye man of deede."

An older copy is preserved in the Cotton Library (Calig. A. 2. fol. 40) but containing such innumerable variations, that it is apparently a different translation of some old French original, which will account for the title of _Le Beaux Disconus_, or the Fair Unknown. The first line is,

"Jesu Christ our Savyour."

As for _Pleindamour_, or _Blandamoure_, no romance with this title has been discovered; but as the word _Blaundemere_ occurs in the romance of _Libius Disconius_, in the Editor's folio MS. p. 319 [pr. ed. vol. ii. p. 420], he thought the name of _Blandamoure_ (which was in all the editions of Chaucer he had then seen) might have some reference to this. But _Pleindamour_, the name restored by Mr. Tyrwhitt, is more remote.

8. _Le Morte Arthure_ is among the Harl. MSS 2252, § 49. This is judged to be a translation from the French; Mr. Wanley thinks it no older than the time of Henry VII., but it seems to be quoted in Syr Bevis, (Sign. K. ij. b.) It begins,

"Lordinges, that are lesse and deare."

In the library of Bennet Coll. Cambridge, No. 351, is a MS. intitled in the catalogue _Acta Arthuris Metrico Anglicano_, but I know not its contents.

9. In the Editor's folio MS. are many songs and romances about King Arthur and his knights, some of which are very imperfect, as _King Arthur and the King of Cornwall_ (page 24) [pr. ed. vol. i. p. 61], in stanzas of four lines, beginning,

"'Come here,' my cozen Gawaine so gay."

_The Turke and Gawain_ (p. 38) [pr. ed. vol. i. p. 90], in stanzas of six lines beginning thus:

"Listen lords great and small,"[520]

but these are so imperfect that I do not make distinct articles of them. See also in this volume, Book I. No. I., II., IV., V.

In the same MS. p. 203 [pr. ed. vol. ii. p. 58], is the _Greene Knight_, in two parts, relating a curious adventure of Sir Gawain, in stanzas of six lines, beginning thus:--

"List: wen Arthur he was k:"

10. _The Carle of Carlisle_ is another romantic tale about Sir Gawain, in the same MS. p. 448 [pr. ed. vol. iii. p. 277], in distichs:

"Listen: to me a litle stond."

In all these old poems the same set of knights are always represented with the same manners and characters; which seem to have been as well known, and as distinctly marked among our ancestors, as Homer's Heroes were among the Greeks: for, as _Ulysses_ is always represented crafty, _Achilles_ irascible, and _Ajax_ rough; so _Sir Gawain_ is ever courteous and gentle, _Sir Kay_ rugged and disobliging, &c. "_Sir Gawain with his olde curtesie_" is mentioned by Chaucer as noted to a proverb, in his _Squire's Tale_. _Canterb. Tales_, vol. ii. p. 104.

11. _Syr Launfal_, an excellent old romance concerning another of King Arthur's knights, is preserved in the Cotton Library, Calig. A 2, f. 33. This is a translation from the French[521], made by one _Thomas_ _Chestre_, who is supposed to have lived in the reign of Henry VI. (See Tanner's Biblioth.) It is in stanzas of six lines, and begins,

"Be douyty Artours dawes."

The above was afterwards altered by some minstrel into the romance of _Sir Lambewell_, in three parts, under which title it was more generally known[522]. This is the Editor's folio MS. p. 60 [pr. ed. vol. i. p. 144], beginning thus:

"Doughty in king Arthures dayes."

12. _Eger and Grime_, in six parts (in the Editor's folio MS. p. 124) [pr. ed. vol. i. p. 354], is a well invented tale of chivalry, scarce inferior to any of Ariosto's. This which was inadvertently omitted in the former editions of this list, is in distichs, and begins thus:

"It fell sometimes in the Land of Beame."

13. The romance of _Merline_, in nine parts (preserved in the same folio MS. p. 145 [pr. ed. vol. i. p. 422]), gives a curious account of the birth, parentage, and juvenile adventures of this famous British Prophet. In this poem the _Saxons_ are called _Sarazens_; and the thrusting the rebel angels out of heaven is attributed to "_oure Lady_." It is in distichs and begins thus:

"He that made with his hand."

There is an old romance _Of Arthour and of Merlin_, in the Edinburgh MS. of old English poems: I know not whether it has anything in common with this last mentioned. It is in the volume numbered xxiii. and extends through fifty-five leaves. The two first lines are:

"Jesu Crist, heven king Al ous graunt gode ending."

14. _Sir Isenbras_ (or as it is in the MS. copies, _Sir Isumbras_), is quoted in Chaucer's _R. of Thopas_, v. 6. Among Mr. Garrick's old plays is a printed copy; of which an account has been already given in vol. i. book iii. No. vii. It is preserved in MS. in the Library of Caius Coll. Camb., Class A. 9 (2), and also in the Cotton Library, Calig. A. 12 (f. 128). This is extremely different from the printed copy. E.g.

"God þat made both erþe and hevene."

15. _Emarè_, a very curious and ancient romance, is preserved in the same vol. of the Cotton Library, f. 69. It is in stanzas of six lines, and begins thus:

"Jesu þat ys kyng in trone."

16. _Chevelere assigne_, or The Knight of the Swan, preserved in the Cotton Library, has been already described in vol. ii. Appendix, _Essay on P. Plowman's Metre_, &c., as hath also

17. _The Sege of F[=e][=r]lam_ (or Jerusalem), which seems to have been written after the other, and may not improperly be classed among the romances; as may also the following, which is preserved in the same volume, viz.,

18. _Owaine Myles_ (fol. 90), giving an account of the wonders of St. Patrick's Purgatory. This is a translation into verse of the story related in Mat. Paris's _Hist._ (sub. Ann. 1153.) It is in distichs beginning thus:

"God þat ys so full of myght."

In the same manuscript are three or four other narrative poems, which might be reckoned among the romances, but being rather religious legends, I shall barely mention them; as _Tundale_, f. 17; _Trentale_ _Sci Gregorii_, f. 84; _Jerome_, f. 133; _Eustache_, f. 136.

19. _Octavian imperator_, an ancient romance of chivalry, is in the same vol. of the Cotton Library, f. 20. Notwithstanding the name, this old poem has nothing in common with the history of the Roman Emperors. It is in a very peculiar kind of stanza, whereof 1, 2, 3, & 5 rhyme together, as do the 4 and 6. It begins thus:

"Ihesu þat was with spere ystonge."

In the public library at Cambridge[523], is a poem with the same title, and begins very differently:

"Lyttyll and mykyll, olde and yonge."

20. _Eglamour of Artas_ (or _Artoys_) is preserved in the same vol. with the foregoing, both in the Cotton Library and Public Library at Cambridge. It is also in the Editor's folio MS. p. 295 [pr. ed. vol. ii. p. 341], where it is divided into six parts. A printed copy in the Bodleian Library, C. 39. Art. Seld., and also among Mr. Garrick's old plays, K. vol. x. It is in distichs, and begins thus:

"Ihesu Crist of heven kyng."

21. _Syr Triamore_ (in stanzas of six lines) is preserved in MS. in the Editor's volume, p. 210 [pr. ed. vol. ii. p. 80], and in the Public Library at Cambridge (690, § 29. Vid. Cat. MSS. p. 394.) Two printed copies are extant in the Bodleian Library, and among Mr. Garrick's plays in the same volumes with the last article. Both the editor's MS. and the printed copy begin,

"Nowe Jesu Chryste our heven kynge."

The Cambridge copy thus:

"Heven blys that all shall wynne."

22. _Sir Degree_ (_Degare_, or _Degore_, which last seems the true title) in five parts, in distichs, is preserved in the Editor's folio MS. p. 371 [pr. ed. vol. iii. p. 20], and in the Public Library at Cambridge (ubi supra). A printed copy is in the Bod. Library C. 39. Art. Seld. and among Mr. Garrick's plays, K. vol. ix. The Editor's MS. and the printed copies begin,

"Lordinges, and you wyl holde you styl."

The Cambridge MS. has it,

"Lystenyth, lordyngis, gente and fre."

23. _Ipomydon_ (or _Chylde Ipomydon_), is preserved among the Harl. MSS. 2252 (44). It is in distichs, and begins,

"Mekely, lordyngis, gentylle and fre."

In the library of Lincoln Cathedral, K k. 3, 10, is an old imperfect printed copy, wanting the whole first sheet A.

24. _The Squyr of Lowe degre_, is one of those burlesqued by Chaucer in his Rhyme of Thopas[524]. Mr. Garrick has a printed copy of this, among his old plays, K. vol. ix. It begins,

"It was a squyer of lowe degre, That loved the kings daughter of Hungre."

25. _Historye of K. Richard Cure [C[oe]ur] de Lyon._ (Impr. W. de Worde, 1528, 4to.) is preserved in the Bodleian Library, C. 39, Art. Selden. A fragment of it is also remaining in the Edinburgh MS. of old English poems; No. xxxvi. in two leaves. A large extract from this romance has been given already above, p. 356. Richard was the peculiar patron of Chivalry, and favourite of the old minstrels and troubadours. See Warton's _Observ._ vol. i. p. 29, vol. ii. p. 40.

26. Of the following I have only seen No. 27, but I believe they may all be referred to the class of romances.

The _Knight of Courtesy and the Lady of Faguel_ (Bod. Lib. C. 39. Art. Sheld. a printed copy). This Mr. Warton thinks is the story of Coucy's Heart, related in Fauchet, and in Howel's Letters. (v. i. s. 6, L. 20, see Wart. _Obs._ v. ii. p. 40). The Editor has seen a very beautiful old ballad on this subject in French.

27. The four following are all preserved in the MS. so often referred to in the Public Library at Cambridge, (690. Appendix to Bp. More's MSS. in Cat. MSS. tom. ii. p. 394), viz., _The Lay of Erle of Tholouse_ (No. 27), of which the Editor hath also a copy from "Cod. MSS. Mus. Ashmol. Oxon." The first line of both is,

"Jesu Chryste in Trynyte."

28. _Roberd Kynge of Cysyll_ (or Sicily) shewing the fall of pride. Of this there is also a copy among the Harl. MSS. 1703 (3). The Cambridge MS. begins,

"Princis that be prowde in prese."

29. _Le bone Florence of Rome_, beginning thus:

"As ferre as men ride or gone."

30. _Dioclesian the Emperour_, beginning,

"Sum tyme ther was a noble man."

31. The two knightly brothers _Amys and Amelion_ (among the Harl MSS. 2386, §. 42) is an old romance of chivalry, as is also, I believe, the fragment of the _Lady Belesant, the Duke of Lombardy's fair_ _daughter_, mentioned in the same article. See the catalog. vol. ii.

32. In the Edinburgh MS. so often referred to (preserved in the Advocates Library, W. 4. i.) might probably be found some other articles to add to this list, as well as other copies of some of the pieces mentioned in it, for the whole volume contains not fewer than thirty-seven poems or romances, some of them very long. But as many of them have lost the beginnings, which have been cut out for the sake of the illuminations, and as I have not had an opportunity of examining the MS. myself, I shall be content to mention only the articles that follow[525]: viz.

An old romance about _Rouland_ (not I believe the famous Paladine, but a champion named _Rouland Louth_; query) being in the volume, No. xxvii. in five leaves, and wants the beginning.

33. Another romance that seems to be a kind of continuation of this last, intitled, _Otuel a Knight_, (No. xxviii. in eleven leaves and a half). The two first lines are,

"Herkneth both yinge and old, That willen heren of battailes bold."

34. _The King of Tars_ (No. iv. in five leaves and a half; it is also in the Bodleyan Library, MS. Vernon, f. 304) beginning thus:

"Herkneth to me bothe eld and ying For Maries love that swete thing."

35. A tale or romance (No. i. two leaves), that wants both beginning and end. The first lines now remaining are,

"Th Erl him graunted his will y-wis. that the knicht him haden y told. The Baronnis that were of mikle pris. befor him thay weren y-cald."

36. Another mutilated tale or romance (No. iii. four leaves). The first lines at present are,

"To Mr. Steward wil y gon. and tellen him the sothe of the Reseyved bestow sone anon. gif you will serve and with hir be."

37. A mutilated tale or romance (No. xi. in thirteen leaves). The two first lines that occur are,

"That riche Dooke his fest gan hold With Erls and with Baronns bold."

I cannot conclude my account of this curious manuscript, without acknowledging that I was indebted to the friendship of the Rev. Dr. Blair, the ingenious professor of Belles Lettres, in the University of Edinburgh, for whatever I learned of its contents, and for the important additions it enabled me to make to the foregoing list.

To the preceding articles two ancient metrical romances in the Scottish dialect may now be added, which are published in Pinkerton's _Scottish Poems_, reprinted "from scarce editions," Lond. 1792, in 3 vols. 8vo. viz.

38. _Gawan and Gologras_, a metrical romance; from an edition printed at Edinburgh, 1508, 8vo. beginning:--

"In the tyme of Arthur, as trew men me tald."

It is in stanzas of thirteen lines.

39. _Sir Gawan and Sir Galaron of Galloway_, a metrical romance, in the same stanzas as No. 38, from an ancient MS. beginning thus:

"In the tyme of Arthur an aunter[526] betydde By the Turnwathelan, as the boke tells; Whan he to Carlele was comen, and conqueror kyd," &c.

Both these (which exhibit the union of the old alliterative metre, with rhyme, &c., and in the termination of each stanza the short triplets of the Turnament of Tottenham), are judged to be as old as the time of our K. Henry VI., being apparently the production of an old poet, thus mentioned by Dunbar, in his _Lament for the Deth of the Makkaris_:

"Clerk of Tranent eik he hes take, That made the aventers of Sir Gawane."

It will scarce be necessary to remind the reader, that _Turnewathelan_ is evidently _Tearne-Wadling_, celebrated in the old ballad of the _Marriage of Sir Gawaine_. See pp. 14 and 325 of this volume.

Many new references, and perhaps some additional articles might be added to the foregoing list from Mr. Warton's _History of English Poetry_, 3 vols. 4to. and from the notes to Mr. Tyrwhitt's improved edition of _Chaucer's Canterbury Tales_, &c. in 5 vols. 8vo. which have been published since this Essay, &c. was first composed; but it will be sufficient once for all to refer the curious reader to those popular works.

The reader will also see many interesting particulars on the subject of these volumes, as well as on most points of general literature, in Sir John Hawkins's curious _History of Music_, &c., in 5 volumes, 4to., as also in Dr. Burney's _Hist._ &c. in 4 vols. 4to.

* * * * *

[Much has been written upon the subject of this Essay since Percy's time, but no exhaustive work has yet appeared. The reader may consult W. C. Hazlitt's new edition of Warton's _History_, 1871; Ellis's _Specimens of Early English Metrical Romances_, new edition, by J. O. Halliwell, 1848; Dunlop's _History of Fiction_; J. M. Ludlow's _Popular Epics of the Middle Ages, Norse, German, and Carlovingian Cycles_, 1865; G. W. Cox and E. H. Jones's _Popular Romances of the Middle Ages_, 1871; and also the prefaces of the various old English romances printed by the Percy, Camden, and Early English Text Societies; and by the Abbotsford, Bannatyne, and Roxburghe Clubs.]

FOOTNOTES:

[465] Vid. _Lasiteau, Moeurs de Sauvages_, t. ii. Dr. Browne's _Hist._ _of the Rise and Progress of Poetry_.

[466] "Germani celebrant carminibus antiquis (quod unum apud illos memoriæ et annalium genus est) Tuistonem," &c. _Tacit. Germ._ c. ii.

[467] _Barth. Antiq. Dan._ lib. i. cap. x. _Wormii Literatura Runica_, ad finem.

[468] See _Northern Antiquities, or a Description of the Manners,_ _Customs, &c., of the ancient Danes and other Northern Nations,_ _translated from the Fr. of M. Mallet_, 1770, 2 vols. 8vo. (vol. i. p. 49, &c.)

[469] _Vid. infra_, pp. 341, 342, &c.

[470] Viz. _Astræa_, _Cassandra_, _Clelia_, &c.

[471] Mallet, vid. _Northern Antiquities_, vol. i. p. 318, &c.; vol. ii. p. 234, &c.

[472] _Letters concerning Chivalry_, 8vo. 1763.

[473] Mallet.

[474] Mallet.

[475] The seeds of chivalry sprung up so naturally out of the original manners and opinions of the northern nations, that it is not credible they arose so late as after the establishment of the Feudal System, much less the Crusades. Nor, again, that the romances of chivalry were transmitted to other nations, through the Spaniards, from the Moors and Arabians. Had this been the case the first French romances of chivalry would have been on Moorish, or at least Spanish subjects: whereas the most ancient stories of this kind, whether in prose or verse, whether in Italian, French, English, &c., are chiefly on the subjects of Charlemagne and the Paladins, or of our British Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table, &c., being evidently borrowed from the fabulous chronicles of the supposed Archbishop Turpin and of Jeffery of Monmouth. Not but some of the oldest and most popular French romances are also on Norman subjects, as _Richard Sans-peur_, _Robert le Diable_, &c., whereas I do not recollect so much as one in which the scene is laid in Spain, much less among the Moors, or descriptive of Mahometan manners. Even in _Amadis de Gaul_, said to have been the first romance printed in Spain, the scene is laid in Gaul and Britain; and the manners are French: which plainly shews from what school this species of fabling was learnt and transmitted to the southern nations of Europe.

[476] Mallet. _North. Antiquities_, vol. i. p. 36; vol. ii. _passim_.

[477] _Olaus Verelius, Herv. Saga_, pp. 44, 45. Hickes's _Thesaur._ vol. ii. p. 311. _Northern Antiquities_, vol. ii. _passim_.

[478] _Ibid._ vol. i. pp. 69, 374, &c.; vol. ii. p. 216, &c.

[479] Rollof's _Saga_, c. 35, &c.

[480] It is peculiarly unfortunate that such as maintain this opinion are obliged to take their first step from the Moorish provinces in Spain, without one intermediate resting place, to Armorica or Bretagne, the province in France from them most remote, not more in situation than in the manners, habits, and language of its Welsh inhabitants, which are allowed to have been derived from this island, as must have been their traditions, songs, and fables; being doubtless all of Celtic original. See p. 3 of the _Dissertation on the Origin of Romantic Fiction in Europe_, prefixed to Mr. Tho. Warton's _History of English Poetry_, vol. i. 1774, 4to. If any pen could have supported this darling hypothesis of Dr. Warburton that of this ingenious critic would have effected it. But under the general term Oriental, he seems to consider the ancient inhabitants of the north and the south of Asia, as having all the same manners, traditions, and fables; and because the secluded people of Arabia took the lead under the religion and empire of Mahomet, therefore everything must be derived from them to the Northern Asiatics in the remotest ages, &c. With as much reason under the word Occidental, we might represent the early traditions and fables of the north and south of Europe to have been the same; and that the Gothic mythology of Scandinavia, the Druidic or Celtic of Gaul and Britain, differed not from the classic of Greece and Rome.

There is not room here for a full examination of the minuter arguments, or rather slight coincidences, by which our agreeable dissertator endeavours to maintain and defend this favourite opinion of Dr. W., who has been himself so completely confuted by Mr. Tyrwhitt. (See his notes on _Love's Labour Lost_, &c.) But some of his positions it will be sufficient to mention: such as the referring the Gog and Magog, which our old Christian bards might have had from Scripture, to the _Jaguiouge_ and _Magiouge_ of the Arabians and Persians, &c. (p. 13). That "we may venture to affirm that this (Geoffrey of Monmouth's) Chronicle, supposed to contain the ideas of the Welsh bards, entirely consists of Arabian inventions" (p. 13). And that, "as Geoffrey's history is the grand repository of the acts of Arthur, so a fabulous history ascribed to Turpin is the groundwork of all the chimerical legends which have been related concerning the conquests of Charlemagne and his twelve peers. Its subject is the expulsion of the Saracens from Spain, and it is filled with fictions evidently congenial to those which characterize Geoffrey's History" (p. 17). That is, as he afterwards expresses it, "lavishly decorated by the Arabian fablers" (p. 58). We should hardly have expected that the Arabian fablers would have been lavish in decorating a history of their enemy: but what is singular, as an instance and proof of this Arabian origin of the fictions of Turpin, a passage is quoted from his fourth chapter, which I shall beg leave to offer, as affording decisive evidence, that they could not possibly be derived from a Mahometan source. Sc. "The Christians under Charlemagne are said to have found in Spain a golden idol, or image of Mahomet, as high as a bird can fly--it was framed by Mahomet himself of the purest metal, who, by his knowledge in necromancy, had sealed up within it a legion of diabolical spirits. It held in its hand a prodigious club; and the Saracens had a prophetic tradition, that this club should fall from the hand of the image in that year when a certain king should be born in France, &c." (_vid._ p. 18, note.)

[481] The little narrative songs on Morisco subjects, which the Spaniards have at present in great abundance, and which they call peculiarly _romances_, (see vol. i. book iii. no. xvi. &c.), have nothing in common with their proper romances (or histories) of chivalry, which they call _Historias de Cavallerias_; these are evidently imitations of the French, and shew a great ignorance of Moorish manners: and with regard to the Morisco, or song _romances_, they do not seem of very great antiquity; few of them appear, from their subjects, much earlier than the reduction of Granada, in the fifteenth century: from which period, I believe, may be plainly traced among the Spanish writers, a more perfect knowledge of Moorish customs, &c.

[482] See _Northern Antiquities_, passim.

[483] _Ibid._

[484] _Saxon Gram._ p. 152, 153. Mallet, _North. Antiq._ vol. i. p. 321.

[485] See a translation of this poem, among _Five pieces of Runic_ _Poetry_, printed for Dodsley, 1764, 8vo.

[486] _Vid._ Mallet, _Northern Antiquities_, passim.

[487] The editor's MS. contains a multitude of poems of this latter kind. It was probably from this custom of the minstrels that some of our first historians wrote their chronicles in verse, as Rob. of Gloucester, Harding, &c.

[488] See a specimen in 2d vol. of _Northern Antiquities_, &c., p. 248, &c.

[489] _Eccardi Hist. Stud. Etym._ 1711, p. 179, &c. Hickes's _Thesaur._ vol. ii. p. 314.

[490] _i.e._ Northern men, being chiefly emigrants from Norway, Denmark, &c.

[491] See the account of Taillefer in vol. i. Essay, and Note.

[492] "Ipsa Carmina memoriæ mandabant, & prælia inituri decantabant; qua memoriâ tam fortium gestorum a majoribus patratorum ad imitationem animus adderetur."--_Jornandes de Gothis._

[493] _Eginhartus de Carolo magno._ "Item barbara, & antiquissima carmina, quibus veterum regum actus & bella canebantur, scripsit."--c. 29.

_Asserius de Ælfredo magno._ "Rex inter bella, &c.... Saxonicos libros recitare, & _maxime carmina Saxonica_ memoriter discere, aliis imperare, & solus assidue pro viribus, studiosissime non desinebat."--Ed. 1722, 8vo. p. 43.

[494] See above, pp. 340, 347.

[495] The romances on the subject of Perceval, San Graal, Lancelot du Lac, Tristan, &c., were among the first that appeared in the French language in prose, yet these were originally composed in metre: the editor has in his possession a very old French MS. in verse, containing _L'ancien Roman de Perceval_, and metrical copies of the others may be found in the libraries of the curious. See a note of Wanley's in _Harl. Catalog. Num._ 2252, p. 49, &c. Nicholson's _Eng. Hist. Library_, 3rd ed. p. 91, &c. See also a curious collection of old French romances, with Mr. Wanley's account of this sort of pieces, in _Harl. MSS. Catal._ 978, 106.

[496] The author of the _Essay on the Genius of Pope_, p. 282.

[497] _Ibid._ p. 283. _Hist. Lit._ tom. 6, 7.

[498] _Voir Preface aux_ "Fabliaux & Contes des Poetes François des xii. xiii. xiv. & xv. siècles, &c., Paris, 1756, 3 tom. 12mo." (a very curious work).

[499] _Vid. supra_, note (d), vol. i. Essay, &c. _Et vide_ Rapin, Carte, &c. This song of _Roland_ (whatever it was) continued for some centuries to be usually sung by the French in their marches, if we may believe a modern French writer. "Un jour qu'on chantoit la _Chanson de Roland_, comme c'etoit l'usage dans les marches. Il y a long temps, dit il (John K. of France, who died in 1364), qu'on ne voit plus de Rolands parmi les François. On y verroit encore des Rolands, lui répondit un vieux capitaine, s'ils avoient un Charlemagne à leur tête." _Vid._ tom. iii. p. 202, _des Essaies Hist. sur Paris, de M. de Saintefoix_: who gives as his authority, Boethius in _Hist. Scotorum_. This author, however, speaks of the complaint and repartee, as made in an Assembly of the States (_vocato senatu_), and not upon any march, &c. _Vid._ Boeth. lib. xv. vol. 327. Ed. Paris, 1574.

[500] See on this subject, vol. i. note, s. 2, p. 404; and in note G g, p. 424, &c.

[501] The first romances of chivalry among the Germans were in metre: they have some very ancient narrative songs (which they call _Lieder_) not only on the fabulous heroes of their own country, but also on those of France and Britain, as Tristram, Arthur, Gawain, and the knights _von der Tafel-ronde_ (_vid._ Goldasti Not. in _Eginhart. Vit. Car. Mag._ 4to. 1711, p. 207.)

[502] The Welsh have still some very old romances about K. Arthur; but as these are in prose, they are not probably their first pieces that were composed on that subject.

[503] It is most credible that these stories were originally of English invention, even if the only pieces now extant should be found to be translations from the French. What now pass for the French originals were probably only amplifications, or enlargements of the old English story. That the French romances borrowed some things from the English, appears from the word _termagant_.

[504] _Recuyel of the Hystoryes of Troy_, 1471; _Godfroye of Boloyne_, 1481; _Le Morte de Arthur_, 1485; _The Life of Charlemagne_, 1485, &c. As the old minstrelsy wore out, prose books of chivalry became more admired, especially after the Spanish romances began to be translated into English towards the end of Q. Elizabeth's reign: then the most popular metrical romances began to be reduced into prose, as _Sir Guy_, _Bevis_, &c.

[505] See extract from a letter, written by the editor of these volumes, in Mr. Warton's _Observations_, vol. ii. p. 139.

[506] _Canterbury Tales_ (Tyrwhitt's edit.), vol. ii. p. 238. In all the former editions which I have seen the name at the end of the fourth line is _Blandamoure_.

[507] Dr. Grey has shewn that the same story is alluded to in Rastell's _Chronicle_: as it was doubtless originally had from the romance, this is proof that the old metrical romances throw light on our first writers in prose: many of our ancient historians have recorded the fictions of romance.

[508] _i.e._ handkerchiefs. Here we have the etymology of the word, viz. "_Couvre le Chef_."

[509] _i.e._ slipt aside.

[510] _i.e._ yawned.

[511] _i.e._ hurt.

[512] Dr. Warburton.--Dr. Grey.

[513] So it is intitled in the editor's MS. But the true title is _Le_ _Beaux Disconus_, or the Fair Unknown. See a note on the _Canterbury_ _Tales_, vol. iv. p. 333.

[514] Vid. _Discours sur la Poesie Epique_, prefixed to _Télémaque_.

[515] _i.e._ May all they be blithe that to my song listen: A song I shall you sing, Of Allof the good king, &c.

[516] In each full page of this volume are forty-four lines, when the poem is in long metre: and eighty-eight when the metre is short, and the page in two columns.

[517] Sign. K. 2. b.

[518] For this and most of the following, which are mentioned as preserved in the Public Library, I refer the reader to the _Oxon_ _Catalogue of MSS._, 1697, vol. ii p. 394; in Appendix to Bp. More's MSS. No. 690, 33, since given to the University of Cambridge.

[519] No. 690, § 31. Vid. _Catalog. MSS._ p. 394.

[520] In the former editions, after the above, followed mention of a fragment in the same MS., intitled, _Sir Lionel_, in distichs (p. 32) [pr. ed. vol. i. p. 75]; but this being only a short ballad, and not relating to K. Arthur, is here omitted.

[521] The French original is preserved among the Harl. MSS. No. 978, § 112, _Lanval_.

[522] See Laneham's _Letter concern. Q. Eliz. entertainment at_ _Killingworth_, 1575, 12mo. p. 34.

[523] No. 690. (30.) _Vid. Oxon Catalog. MSS._ p. 394.

[524] This is alluded to by Shakespeare in his _Hen. V._ (Act v.), where Fluellyn tells Pistol, he will make him a squire of low degree, when he means, to knock him down.

[525] Some of these I give, though mutilated and divested of their titles, because they may enable a curious inquirer to complete or improve other copies.

[526] _i.e._ adventure.

[Illustration]

GLOSSARY

TO THE THREE VOLUMES.

This is an amalgamation of the three original glossaries, with large additions and alterations, and the introduction of references. It has not, however, been thought necessary to refer to every passage in which a particular word may occur.

Percy's explanatory notes are marked with the letter P.

Many words which appear in a slightly varied form from the present spelling are not included in this glossary.

A', _all_.

A, _at_.

A, i. 27, _of_. Watter a Twyde, i. 25, _water of Tweed_.

Abacke, _back_.

Abenche, i. 409, _on a bench_.

Able, i. 87, _fit_, _suitable_.

Abone, i. 24; aboon, i. 323; aboone, i. 101; aboun, i. 32, _above_.

Aboven ous, ii. 8, _above us_.

Abowght, i. 40, _about_.

Abraide, i. 168, _abroad_.

Abuve, ii. 83, _in the uplands_.

Abye, iii. 31, _suffer_, _pay for_, _expiate_.

Acton, i. 72, _a quilted leather jacket, worn under the coat of mail_. Fr. hacqueton.

Advoutry, ii. 136, _adultery_.

Aff, ii. 70, _off_.

Affore, i. 269; afore, ii. 115, _before_.

Aft, i. 321, _oft_.

Agayne, i. 121, _against_.

Ageyn, i. 119, _against_.

Agone, ii. 41, _gone_.

Ahte, ii. 11, _ought_.

Aik, iii. 147, _oak_.

Ail, ii. 84, _trouble_.

Ain, i. 102, _own_.

Aith, ii. 70, _oath_.

Al, ii. 9, _albeit_, _although_.

Al gife, _although_.

Alace, iii. 236, _alas_.

Alane, ii. 83, _alone_.

Alemaigne, ii. 7, _Germany_.

Allgyf, i. 125, _although_.

Almaine, iii. 110, _Germany_.

Alyes, ii. 33, _always_.

Amang, ii. 20, _among_.

Amangis, ii. 81, _amongst_.

Amblit, iii. 237, _ambled_.

Among, ii. 35, _at intervals_, _sometimes_.

An, _and_.

An, i, 60, _if_.

Ancyent, i. 271, _flag_, _banner_, _standard_.

And, _if_, but and, i. 27; _but if_; and youe, _if you_.

And but, ii. 15, _and unless_.

Ane, i. 30, ii. 118, _one_, _an_, _a_.

Anes, ii. 112, _once_, ii. 109. (?)

Angel, ii. 176, _a gold coin varying in value from 6s. 8d. to 10s._

Ann, ii. 69, _if_.

Anneuche, ii. 81, _enough_.

Annoy, ii. 211, _trouble_.

Ant, ii. 7, _and_.

Aplyht, al aplyht, ii. 14, _entirely_.

Aquoy, iii. 247, _coy_, _shy_.

Ar, ii. 24, _are_.

Aras, i. 24, _arrows_.

Archeborde, ii. 193, 203, _side of the ship?_ See Hach-borde.

Arcir, i. 103, _archer_.

Argabushe, ii. 53, _harquebuse, an old-fashioned kind of musket_.

Arrand, i. 80, _errand_.

Arros, i. 28, _arrows_.

Ase, ii. 8, _as_.

Aslake, ii. 37, _abate_.

Assay, i. 80, _essay_, assayed, ii. 44.

Assoyld, i. 179, _absolved_.

Astate, i. 119, _estate_.

Astonied, iii. 34, _astonished_, _stunned_.

Astound, i. 207, _stunned_.

Ath, i. 25, _of the_.

Att me, i. 207, _from me_.

Attour, ii. 81; attowre, ii. 84, 86, _over_.

Au, iii. 75, _all_.

Auld, i. 83, 101, ii. 68, _old_.

Aule, i. 308, _awl_.

Aureat, i. 123, _golden_.

Austerne, i. 285, _stern_, _austere_.

Avaunce, ii. 49, _advance_.

Avow, iii. 327; avowe, i. 23, 34, 47, 172; ii. 23, 58, _vow_.

Aw, iii. 145, _all_.

Awa', ii. 69, _away_.

Awin, ii. 133, _own_.

Awne, i. 121, 274, _own_.

Axed, i. 129, _asked_.

Ay, ii. 70, _ever_; also _ah! alas!_

Ayein, ii. 12, _against_.

Ayont the ingle, ii. 68, _beyond the fire_. _The fire was in the middle of the room_.

"In the west of Scotland, at this present time, in many cottages, they pile their peats and turfs upon stones in the middle of the room. There is a hole above the fire in the ridge of the house to let the smoke out at. In some places are cottage-houses, from the front of which a very wide chimney projects like a bow-window: the fire is in a grate, like a malt-kiln grate, round which the people sit: sometimes they draw this grate into the middle of the room." (Mr. Lambe.) P.

Ba', i. 59, _ball._

Bacheleere, i. 64, 78, _knight_; bachelary, ii. 28; bachelery, ii. 23, _company of bachelors_.

Badena, iii. 93, _delayed not_.

Baile, i. 122, _bale_, _evil_, _mischief_, _misery_, _trouble_.

Bairn, ii. 70; bairne, i. 59, _child_.

Baith, i. 143, 321, _both_.

Bale, i. 108, 280, ii. 8, 59, _evil_, _hurt_, _mischief_, _misery_; baleful, i. 136.

Balow, ii. 211 (a nursery term), _hush_, _lullaby_.

Balys bete, i. 35, _remedy our evils_.

Ban, ii. 70, _curse_.

Band, i. 70, 148, _bond_, _covenant_.

Bandrolles, iii. 290, _streamers_, _little flags_.

Bane, i. 29, _bone_.

Banket, ii. 225, _banquet_.

Banning, ii. 212, _cursing_.

Barker, ii. 96, _dealer in bark_.

Barne, i. 26, _child_, _man_, _person_.

Barrow hogge, i. 214, _gelded hog_.

Basnete, i. 29, basnite, i. 28, bassonett, i. 48, _helmet_.

Bason, _helmet_.

Batchilere, i. 68, _knight_.

Bathe, i. 30, _both_.

Bats, ii. 21, _cudgels_.

Bauld, i. 321, _bold_.

Bauzen's skinne, i. 308, _Sheepskin gloves with the wool on the inside_.

Bayard, ii. 22, _a noted horse in the old romances_.

Be, ii. 9, _by_.

Beanes, ii. 203, _beams_.

Bearing arowe, i. 176, _an arrow that carries well_.

Bed, ii. 13, _bade_.

Bede, ii. 21, 23, _bid_, _offer_, _engage_.

Bedeaft, iii. 272, _deafened_.

Bedeene, ii. 57, iii. 11, _immediately_.

Bedight, i. 132, _bedecked_.

Bedone, iii. 6, 237, _wrought_, _made-up_, _ornamented_.

Beere, i. 50, iii. 42, _bier_.

Beforn, i. 321; beforne, i. 29, 65, _before_.

Begilde, ii. 76; begylde, ii. 44, _beguiled_, _deceived_.

Beheard, i. 114, _heard_.

Behove, i. 180, _behoof_.

Beir, i. 84; beire, ii. 212, _bear_.

Belive, i. 115; belyfe, i. 173, _immediately_, _presently_, _shortly_.

Ben, ii. 15, 16, iii. 208, _been_, _be_, _are_.

Ben, ii. 70, _within doors_, _the inner room_. (The "but" is the outer room. "A but and a ben" is a house containing two rooms.)

Bene, ii. 16, _bean, an expression of contempt_.

Benison, i. 322, _blessing_.

Bent, bents, _long coarse grass_, i. 24, 25, 28; _also wild fields_, i. 41, 43, 65, 78.

Beoth, ii. 11, _be_, _are_.

Ber, ii. 13, _bare_.

Ber the prys, ii. 11, _bare the prize_.

Berne, i. 41, _man_.

Bernes, iii. 208, _barns_.

Berys, ii. 21, _beareth_.

Beseeme, _become_.

Besene, ii. 25, _dressed_.

Beshradde, iii. 317, _cut into shreds_.

Besmirche, _to soil_, _discolour_.

Bespake, iii. 158, _spoke_.

Besprent, ii. 52, _besprinkled_.

Beste, _beest_, _art_.

Beste, i. 189, _beast_.

Bested, _abode_.

Bestis, i. 122, _beasts_.

Bestrawghted, i. 189, _distracted_.

Besy, i. 129, _busy_.

Bet, _better_.

Beth, i. 284, _be_, _is_, _are_.

Bett, ii. 63, _lighted_. A.S. bétan fyr, _to make or light a fire_.

Bette, iii. 356, _did beat_.

Beuche, ii. 391, _bough_.

Bewray, ii. 179, _discover_.

Bi mi leautè, ii. 7, _by my loyalty_, _honesty_.

Bickarte, i. 24, _skirmished_; also _swiftly_ coursed.

Mr. Lambe also interprets "Bickering," by rattling, _e.g._,

And on that slee Ulysses head Sad curses down does BICKER.

Translat. of Ovid. P.

Bide at hame, iii. 97, _remain at home_.

Biilt, ii. 63, _built_.

Bil, i. 168, _pike or halbert_.

Bille, i. 282, 289, ii. 143, _writing_.

Biqueth, ii. 12, _bequeath_.

Bird, iii. 94, _child_, _term of affection usually applied to a woman_.

Birk, ii. 363, iii. 238, _birch-tree_.

Blak, ii. 21; blake, ii. 21, _black_.

Blan, i. 269; blane, i. 30; blanne, i. 68, 91, 275, ii. 144, _lingered_, _stopped_.

Blaw, i. 145, iii. 147, _blow_; blawing, iii. 147, _blowing_.

Blaze, ii. 260, _emblazon_, _display_.

Blee, i. 72, ii. 56, _colour_, _complexion_.

Bleid, iii. 94, _bleed_; bleids, ii. 116, _bleeds_.

Blend, iii. 55; blent, iii. 51, _blended_.

Blent, _ceased_.

Blink, ii. 120, _a glimpse of light_.

Blinkan, iii. 123, _twinkling_.

Blinks, iii. 74, _twinkles_, _sparkles_.

Blinne, iii. 46, _cease_, _give over_.

Blissing, iii. 208, _blessing_.

Blist, i. 310, _blessed_.

Blude, i. 34, _blood_; blude reid, i. 100, _blood red_.

Bluid, i. 59, 83 _blood_; bluidy, i. 144, _bloody_; reid bluid, _red blood_, i. 146.

Blyth, ii. 68, _joyous_, _sprightly_.

Blyth, iii. 74, _joy_, _sprightliness_.

Blyve, i. 175, _instantly_.

Bode, i. 120, _abode_, _stayed_.

Boist, boisteris, _boast_, _boasters_.

Boke, ii. 16, _book_.

Bollys, ii. 21, _bowls_.

Boltes, _shafts_, _arrows_.

Bomen, i. 24, _bowmen_.

Bonny, iii. 147, _handsome_, _comely_.

Bonys, ii. 22, _bones_. Roundebonys, ii. 22.

Bookes-man, iii. 52, _clerk_, _secretary_.

Boot, ii. 97; boote, i. 109, 115, 136, ii. 59; boots, iii. 154, _gain_, _advantage_, _help_, _assistance_.

Bore, iii. 112, _boar_.

Bore, iii. 40, _born_.

Borowe, i. 162, _to redeem_.

Borrow, i. 275, borrowe, i. 269, _pledge_, _surety_.

Bost, ii. 24, boste, i. 122, _pride_; _boast_, ii. 8.

Bot, ii. 60, _but_.

Bot, ii. 109, _without_; bot and, i. 144, _and also_; bot dreid, _without dread, or certainly_; bot gif, ii. 83, _unless_.

Bots, iii. 186, _a worm troublesome to horses_.

Bougill, i. 147, _bugle-horn_, _hunting-horn_.

Boun, i. 146, _ready_.

Bowen, ii. 44, _ready_.

Bower, iii. 125, 126, 131, _parlour_, _chamber_.

Bower-window, iii. 125, _chamber window_.

Bowne, i. 63, 77, ii. 94, _ready_; bowned, _prepared_; bowne ye, i. 107, _prepare ye_, _get ready_; bowne to dine, _going to dine_. Bowne _is a common word in the North for "going,"_ e.g. Where are you bowne to? _Where are you going to?_ P.

Bow're-woman, iii. 96, _chambermaid_.

Bowyn, i. 41, _ready_.

Bowynd, i. 40, _prepared_.

Bowys, i. 28, _bows_.

Brade, ii. 107, 112, _broad_.

Brae, iii. 147, _the brow or side of a hill_, _a declivity_. Braes of Yarrow, ii. 363, _hilly banks of the river Yarrow_.

Braid, _broad_.

Braid, i. 100, _open_.

Brand, i. 83, 96; brande, i. 25, 30, 40, 48, 67, _sword_.

Brast, i. 66, 168, ii. 56, 98, iii. 61, _burst_.

Braw, ii. 227, _brave_.

Braw, ii. 69, _bravely_, _handsomely_.

Brayd attowre the bent, ii. 84, _hastened over the field_.

Brayn-pannes, ii. 25, _skulls_.

Bread, ii. 192, _breadth_.

Bred, i. 43, _broad_.

Breeden, i. 108, _breed_.

Breere, i. 111, _briar_.

Bren, i. 80, 145; brenn, ii. 57, _burn_.

Brenand drake, ii. 23, _fiery dragon_.

Brenn, i. 144; brenne, i. 73, 159, _burn_; brent, i. 160, ii. 55, iii. 87, _burnt_; brenning, ii. 142, _burning_.

Brest, i. 29, _breast_.

Brest, ii. 21, _burst_.

Brether, i. 87, _brethren_.

Bridal (bride-ale), _nuptial feast_.

Brigue, iii. 95; briggs, iii. 92, _bridge_.

Brimme, ii. 257, _public_, _universally known_; A.-S. bryme.

Britled, iii. 12, _carved_.

Broche, ii. 22, _any ornamental trinket_. _Stone buckles of silver or gold with which gentlemen and ladies clasp their shirt-bosoms, and handkerchiefs, are called in the North_ broches, _from the_ Fr. broche, _a spit_. P.

Brocht, ii. 85, _brought_.

Broder, ii. 360, _brother_.

Broding, i. 64, 78, _pricking_.

Broht, ii. 13; brohte, ii. 8, _brought_.

Bronde, i. 49, _sword_.

Brooche, brouche, _a spit_, _a bodkin_.

Brooke, _enjoy_; and I brook, i. 34, _if I enjoy_.

Brouke hur wyth wynne, ii. 20, _enjoy her with pleasure_.

Browd, i. 24, _broad_.

Broyt, ii. 21, _brought_.

Bryttlynge, i. 25, _cutting up_, _quartering_, _carving_.

Buen, ii. 12; bueth, ii. 13, _been_, _be_, _are_.

Buff, i. 150, _arm_, _dress_.

Bugle, i. 65, 78, _bugle horn_, _hunting horn_ (_being the horn of a bugle or wild bull_).

Buik, _book_.

Buit, ii. 81, _help_.

Burgens, ii. 383, _buds_, _young shoots_.

Burn, iii. 147, bourne, _brook_.

Bushment, i. 122, _ambush_, _snare_.

Busk, i. 146, _dress_, _deck_; busk ye, i. 107, ii. 363, _dress ye_; busk and boun, i. 146, _make yourselves ready to go_; buske them blyve, i. 175, _get them ready instantly_; buskit, i. 143, _dressed_; buskt them, i. 122, _prepared themselves_, _made themselves ready_.

But, _without_; but let, _without hindrance_.

But, i. 75, ii. 144, _unless_; but an, i. 144, _unless_; but yf, ii. 23, _unless_.

Bute, ii. 83, _boot_, _good_, _advantage_.

Butt, ii. 70, _the outer room_. See Ben.

By three, _of three_.

Byde, ii. 83, _stay_.

Bydys, i. 28, _bides_, _abides_.

Bye, _buy_, _pay for_.

Byears, i. 33, beeres, _biers_.

Byhynde, ii. 19, _behind_.

Byre, iii. 236, _cow-house_.

Byste, i. 41, _beest_, _art_.

Ca', iii. 93, _call_.

Caddis, i. 376, _worsted ribbon_.

Cadgily, ii. 68, _merrily_, _cheerfully_.

Caitif, iii. 228; caitive, ii. 135, _wretch_.

Cales, ii. 243, _Cadiz_.

Calliver, _a large pistol or blunderbuss_.

Camscho, iii. 385. (Glossary--_Eldridge_) _grim_.

Can, i. 44, 77, ii. 24, 70; cane, i. 47, _gan_, _began_.

Can, ii. 37, _know_.

Canna, iii. 123; cannæ, i. 59, 146, _cannot_.

Cannes, _wooden cups_, _bowls_.

Cantabanqui, i. 374, _ballad-singers_, _singers on benches_.

Cantells, ii. 23, _pieces_, _corners_.

Canty, ii. 69, _cheerful_, _chatty_.

Capul, ii. 24, _a poor horse_; capulys, ii. 24, _horses_.

Capull hyde, i. 107, 114, _horse hide_.

Carle, ii. 68, iii. 123, _clown_, _a strong, hale old man_.

Carlish, i. 133, iii. 14, _churlish_, _discourteous_.

Carlist, iii. 329, _churlish_?

Carp, ii. 136; carpe, ii. 19, _to speak_, _recite_, also _to censure_, i. 33, _complain_.

Carpyng, ii. 20, _tumult_.

Cast, i. 26, _mean_, _intend_.

Caste, ii. 128, _stratagem_.

Catives, ii. 302, _wretches_.

Cau, ii. 71, _call_.

Cauld, i. 143, ii. 68, _cold_.

Causey, ii. 139, _causeway_.

Cawte and kene, i. 44, _cautious and active_.

Cent, i. 130, _scent_.

Cetywall, i. 307, _setiwall_, _the herb valerian_, _or mountain spikenard_.

Cham, ii. 288, _I am, in Somersetshire dialect_.

Chanteclere, i. 307, _the cock_.

Chap, iii. 93, 95, _knock_.

Charke-bord, ii. 203? same as archeborde, _side of the ship_. See Hach-borde.

Chayme, ii. 74, _Cain_, or _Ham_.

Chays, i. 26, _chase_.

Che, ii. 286, _I. in Somersetshire dialect_.

Cheare, ii. 216, _chair_.

Checke, i. 301, _to stop_, _to chide_.

Cheefe, _the upper part of the scutcheon in heraldry_.

Cheffe, i. 28, _chief_; cheffest, iii. 44, _chiefest_.

Cheften, i. 28, _chieftain_.

Cheis, _choose_.

Chevaliers, _knights_.

Cheveron, ii. 25, _upper part of the scutcheon in heraldry_.

Chevy Chase, i. 19, _Cheviot chase or hunt_. See same contraction in Tividale.

Chield, _fellow_.

Child, iii. 58, _knight_.

Children, i. 66, 77, _knights_.

Chill, ii. 286, _I will, in Somersetshire dialect_.

Cholde, y-cholde, ii. 12, _I would_.

Choul'd, ii. 287, _I would, in Som. dialect_.

Christentie, christentye, i. 92, ii. 61; christianté, i. 31, _Christendom_.

Church-ale, iii. 198, _a wake or feast in commemoration of the dedication of a church_.

Chyf, chyfe, _chief_.

Chylded, ii. 382, _brought forth_, _was delivered_.

Chylder, ii. 25, _children's_.

Chyviat chays, i. 26. (See Chevy Chase.)

Claiths, ii. 69, _clothes_.

Clattered, _beat so as to rattle_.

Clawde, _clawed_, _tore_, _scratched_; figuratively, _beat_.

Clead, ii. 69, _clad_, _clothe_; cleading, iii. 237, _clothing_.

Cleaped, i. 306, _called_, _named_.

Cled, iii. 147, _clad_, _clothed_.

Clepe, ii. 13, _call_; cleped, ii. 14, _called_.

Cliding, iii. 97, _clothing_.

Clim, i. 155, _contraction of Clement_.

Clough, i. 155, _a broken cliff_.

Clout, i. 197, _a cloth to strain milk through_; _rag_, ii. 71.

Clout, ii. 100, _mend_.

Clowch, _clutch_, _grasp_.

Clymme, ii. 74, _climb_.

Coate, i. 309, _cot_, _cottage_.

Cockers, i. 308, _a sort of buskins or short boots fastened with laces or buttons, worn by farmers or shepherds_. Cokers, _fishermen's boots_ (Littleton's Dict.)

Cog, iii. 203, _to lie_, _cheat_.

Cohorted, ii. 382, _incited_, _exhorted_.

Cokenay, ii. 28, explained by Percy to be a diminutive of cook, from the Latin coquinator, or coquinarius; it really means _a lean chicken_.

Cold, ii. 232; colde, ii. 55, _could_.

Cold, iii. 6, _knew_, where I cold be; i. 286, _where I was_.

Cold rost, _nothing to the purpose_.

Cole, iii. 108, _coal_.

Coleyne, iii. 33, _Cologne steel_.

Collayne, i. 48, _Cologne steel_.

Com, ii. 12; come, ii. 21, _came_; comen, i. 89; commen, i. 33, _come_.

Con, ii. 27, _can_.

Con fare, _went_, _passed_.

Con springe, ii. 11, _spread abroad_.

Con twenty thanks, iii. 210, _give twenty thanks_.

Confeterd, i. 120, _confederated_.

Confound, i. 218, _destroy_.

Contray, ii. 19, _country_.

Cop, ii. 9, _head_, _the top of anything_.

Coppell, ii. 21, _name of a hen_.

Cordiwin, i. 318, _originally Spanish or Cordovan leather, afterwards commoner leather_.

Cors, ii. 21, _body_.

Cors, i. 26, _curse_.

Corsiare, i. 30, _courser_, _steed_.

Coste, ii. 30, _coast_, _side_, _region_.

Cote, i. 303; cott, iii. 183, _cottage_.

Cote, iii. 53, _coat_.

Cotydyallye, ii. 381, _daily_, _every day_.

Could bear, ii. 137, did _bare_.

Could be, _was_.

Could dye, _died_.

Could his good, _knew what was good for him_.

Could weip, _wept_.

Coulde, _cold_.

Counsayl, _secret_.

Countie, i. 303, _count_, _earl_.

Coupe, i. 300, _coop, or a pen for poultry_.

Courtas, ii. 82, _courteous_.

Courteys, ii. 46, _courteous_.

Courtnalls, iii. 182, _courtiers_.

Couth, i. 306, _could_.

Couthen, ii. 13, _knew_.

Cowde, i. 44, _could_.

Coyntrie, i. 308, _Coventry_.

Cramasie, iii. 75, 147, _crimson_.

Crancke, i. 307, _exultingly_.

Cranion, iii. 198, _skull_.

Crech, ii. 27. This word is incorrectly explained in the text as _crutch_. It is really a form of the French _crèche_, a crib or manger. It occurs as _cracche_ in the "Promptorium Parv." (1440).

Crepyls, ii. 24, _cripples_.

Cricke, i. 196, _properly an ant, but used for any small insect_.

Crinkle, iii. 10, _run in and out_, _run into flexures_, _wrinkle_.

Cristes cors, _Christ's corse_.

Croche, ii. 312, _crouch_.

Croft, ii. 22, _inclosure near a house_.

Crois, ii. 13; croiz, ii. 12, _cross_.

Crook, ii. 70, _twist_, _wrinkle_, _distort_; crook my knee, ii. 71, _make lame my knee_. They say in the North "the horse is crookit," _i.e._ lame; the "horse crooks," _i.e._ goes lame. P.

Crouneth, ii. 12, _crown ye_.

Crowch, i. 180, _crutch_.

Crown, i. 26, _head_.

Crowt, iii. 10, _to pucker up_, _draw close together_. (Another form of crowd.)

Crumpling, ii. 257, _crooked_, _horned_.

Cryance, i. 65, 66, 78, _fear_.

Cule, ii. 229, _cool_.

Cum, i. 28, 59, 101, 143; ii. 132, _come_, _came_.

Cummer, ii. 133, _gossip_, _friend_; Fr. commère, compère.

Cure, ii. 76, _care_, _heed_, _regard_.

Dale, _deal_; bot gif I dale, ii. 83, _unless I share_.

Dampned, i. 161, _damned_, _condemned_.

Dan, _an ancient title of respect_, from Lat. Dominus.

Danske, ii. 254, _Denmark_.

Dare, ii. 360, _their_; ii. 361, _there_.

Darh, ii. 14, _need_.

Darr'd, ii. 118, _hit_.

Dart the tree, ii. 115, _hit the tree_.

Dat, ii. 360, _that_.

Daunger halt, ii. 16, _fear holdeth_.

Dawes, iii. 368, _days_.

Dawkin, ii. 19, diminutive of David.

De, ii. 360, _the_.

De, i. 26, 30, _die_.

Dealan, iii. 134, _dealing_.

Deare, ii. 308, _hurt_.

Deare, iii. 82, _dearly_.

Deas, iii. _the high table in a hall_. F. dais, a canopy.

Ded, ii. 26; dede, i. 30, _dead_.

Dede is do, ii. 36, _deed is done_.

Dee, iii. 99, _die_.

Deemed, iii. 52; deemedst, ii. 217, _doomed_, _judged_; _thus in the Isle of Man judges are called Deemsters_. P.

Deere, ii. 304, _hurt_, _mischief_.

Deerely, ii. 194, iii. 27; _preciously_, _richly_.

Default, i. 303, _neglect_.

Deid, ii. 83, _dead_; deid bell, iii. 134, _passing bell_.

Deid, i. 101, 147, _deed_.

Deip, i. 60; _deep_.

Deir, i. 83, 101; _dear_.

Deir, iii. 96, _dearly_.

Deir, ii. 82, _hurt_, _trouble_.

Deie, ii. 35, _deal_, _bit_.

Dele, ii. 45, _to deal_.

Dell, _deal, part_; every dell, _every part_.

Delt, iii. 119, _dealt_.

Dem, ii. 361, _them_.

Demaines, iii. 209, _demesnes_, _estates_.

Deme, ii. 265, _judged_, _doomed_.

Denay, i. 217, _deny_, _refuse_.

Dent, ii. 21, _a dint_, _blow_.

Deol, ii. 13, _dole_, _grief_.

Depart, ii. 37, _separate_; departing, ii. 84, _dividing_.

Depured, i. 129, _purified_, _run clear_.

Deray, ii. 28, _confusion_.

Dere, ii. 20, _dear_, also _hurt_.

Dere, ii. 19, _dire or sad_. A.-S. derian, to hurt. "My dearest foe"--_Hamlet_.

Dere, iii. 357, _wild animals_.

Derked, ii. 37, _darkened_.

Dern, ii. 82, _secret_; I'dern, ii. 83, _in secret_.

Descreeve, i. 63, _describe_; descrying, iii. 168, _describing_.

Devys, ii. 12, _devise_, _the act of bequeathal by will_.

Dey, ii. 361, _they_.

Dey, i. 33; deye, ii. 12, _die_.

Did off, i. 114, _took off_; did on, iii. 65, _put on_.

Dight, i. 63, 74; dighte, ii. 162, _decked_, _dressed_, _prepared_, _wrought_, _fitted out_, _done_.

Diht, ii. 11, _wrought_; ii. 12, _sent_.

Dill, ii. 82, _share_.

Dill, _still_, _calm_, _mitigate_.

Dill, i. 63, 77, 78, _dole_, _grief_, _pain_, _sorrow_; dill I drye, i. 64, _pain I suffer_; dill was dight, _grief was upon him_.

Dinge, iii. 51, _knock_, _beat_.

Dis, _this_.

Discreeve, i. 77, _describe_, or _discover_.

Disna, iii. 123, _does not_.

Disteynyd, i. 124, _stained_.

Distrere, iii. 108, _the horse ridden by a knight in the tournament_.

Do, ii. 36, _done_.

Dochter, i. 59, 145, ii. 68, _daughter_.

Dois, i. 59, 83, _does_.

Dois, _days_.

Dol, ii. 13; dole, i. 63, 137, 292, _dole_, _grief_, _sorrow_.

Doleful dumps, i. 188, 261, _sorrowful gloom or heaviness of heart_.

Dolours, _dolorous_, _mournful_.

Don, iii. 208, _do_.

Don, ii. 23, _be made_.

Done roun, ii. 80, _run down_.

Dosend, iii. 123, _dosing_, _drowsy_, _torpid_, _benumbed_.

Doth, dothe, doeth, _do_.

Doubt, iii. 327, _fear_.

Doubteous, _doubtful_.

Dough, ii. 360, _though_.

Doughty, iii. 26; doughtye, i. 305; dowghtye, i. 40; _formidable_.

Doughete, i. 28,_ a doughty man_.

Dounae, i. 60, _cannot_.

Dout, ii. 23, _fear_.

Doute, i. 167, _doubt_.

Doutted, i. 123, _redoubted_, _feared_.

Douyty, _doughty_.

Doy-trogh, ii. 24, _dough trough_, _a kneading trough_.

Doys, i. 34, _does_.

Doyter, ii. 20, _daughter_.

Drake; brenand drake, ii. 23, _burning, fire-breathing dragon_.

Drap, _drop_; draping, ii. 114, drapping, iii. 97, _dropping_.

Dre, i. 31, 83, _suffer_.

Dreid, ii. 82, _dread_.

Dreips, i. 146, _drips_, _drops_.

Dreiry, iii. 100, _dreary_.

Drieps, iii. 146, _drips_, _drops_.

Drie, i. 144, _suffer_; _ill_, i. 284; _undergo_, i. 83.

Drighnes, i. 119, _dryness_.

Drogh, ii. 26, _drew_.

Drovyers, i. 254, _drovers_, _cattle-drivers_.

Drye, i. 49, 64, 78, _suffer_, _endure_.

Dryng, ii. 8, _drink_.

Duble dyse, _double or false dice_.

Dude, ii. 7, _did_; dudest, ii. 9, _didst_.

Duel, ii. 11, _grief_.

Dughty, ii. 19, 26, _doughty_; dughtynesse of dent, ii. 21, _sturdiness of blows_.

Dule, i. 83, 145, _dole_, _grief_, _sorrow_; dulefu', ii. 69, _doleful_.

Dumps, i. 188, 261, ii. 69, _heaviness of heart_.

Dwellan, iii. 134, _dwelling_.

Dy, _die_; dyan, iii. 134, _dying_.

Dyd on, i. 159, _put on_; dyd off, i. 164, _doffed_, _put off_.

Dyght, i. 30, _dressed_, _put on_.

Dyht, ii. 14, _to dispose_, _order_.

Dynt, i. 30, dynte, i. 31, dyntes, i. 32, _dint_, _blow_, _stroke_.

Dystrayne, ii. 37, _afflict_.

Dyyt, ii. 24, _dight_, _dressed_.

Eame, _uncle_.

Eard, _earth_.

Earn, ii. 70, _to curdle_, _make cheese_.

Eathe, i. 273, _easy_.

Eather, iii. 100, _either_.

Eche, ii. 246, _each_.

Ee, i. 101, 178, ii. 60; een, i. 320, _eye_, _eyes_.

Eene, iii. 75, _even_.

Effund, iii. 301, _pour forth_.

Eftsoon, iii. 304, _in a short time_.

Egge, ii. 259, _to urge on_.

Eik, ii. 83, _also_.

Eiked, ii. 85, _added_, _enlarged_.

Ein, i. 145, _even_.

Eir, i. 101, 146, 320, _ever_.

Eise, ii. 212, _ease_.

Eke, ii. 13, _also_.

Eldridge, i. 64, 78, _wild_, _hideous_, _ghostly_, _lonesome_, _uninhabited_.

"In the ballad of _Sir Cauline_ we have 'Eldridge Hills,' p. 65, 'Eldridge Knight,' p. 65, 'Eldridge Sword,' p. 67. So Gawin Douglas calls the Cyclops the 'Elriche Brethir,' _i.e._ brethren (b. ii. p. 91, l. 16), and in his Prologue to b. vii. (p. 202, l. 3) he thus describes the Night-Owl:--

"'Laithely of forme, with crukit camscho beik, 'Ugsome to here was his wyld _elrische_ skreik.'

"In Bannatyne's MS. Poems (fol. 135, in the Advocate's Library at Edinburgh) is a whimsical rhapsody of a deceased old woman travelling in the other world; in which

"'Scho wanderit, and yeid by, to an _Elrich_ well.'

"In the Glossary to G. Douglas, Elriche, &c. is explained by 'Wild, hideous: Lat. _Trux_, _immanis_;' but it seems to imply somewhat more, as in Allan Ramsay's Glossaries." P.

Elke, _each_.

Elles, ii. 20, _else_.

Ellumynynge, i. 123, _embellishing_.

Elyconys, i. 119, _Helicon's_.

Elvish, _peevish_, _fantastical_.

Eme, i. 44, ii. 9, _uncle_, _kinsman_.

Endyed, i. 123, _dyed_.

Ene, eyn, _eyes_.

Ene, _even_.

Enharpid, i. 123, _hooked or edged_.

Enkankered, _cankered_.

Enouch, iii. 100, _enough_.

Enowe, i. 275, _enough_.

Ensue, ii. 43, _follow_.

Entendement, ii. 382, _understanding_.

Entent, ii. 49, _intent_.

Ententifly, ii, 382, _to the intent_, _purposely_.

Envie; envye, i. 42, _malice_, _ill-will_, _injury_.

Er, ii. 20, 26, _are_.

Ere, ii. 36, 42, _ear_.

Erlys, ii. 47; erlés, iii. 94, _earls_.

Erst, i. 83, _heretofore_.

Etermynable, i. 126, _interminable_, _unlimited_.

Ettled, ii. 116, _aimed_.

Evanished, iii. 133, _vanished_. Everych, ii. 27, _every_; everychone, i. 156; iii. 108, _every one_.

Ew-bughts, iii. 74, _pens for milch-ewes_.

Eyen, i. 72; eyn, ii. 15; eyne, i. 132, _eyes_.

Ezar, iii. 97, _maple_.

Fa', i. 84, 146, _fall_; fa's, iii. 123, _falls_.

Fach, i. 33, feche, _fetch_.

Fader, iii. 365; fadir, i. 83; fatheris, _father_, _father's_.

Fadge, iii. 236, _a bundle of sticks_, _a thick loaf of bread_, _coarse heap of stuff_.

Fadom, i. 102, _fathom_.

Fae, ii. 109, _foe_.

Fain, ii. 69; faine, i. 164, 287; fayne, i. 157, _glad_, _fond_, _well pleased_; faine of fighte, i. 92, _fond of fighting_.

Fair of feir, _of a fair and healthful look_; perhaps, far off (free from) fear. P.

Falds, iii. 123, _thou foldest_.

Fallan, iii. 133, _falling_.

Fals, ii. 212, _false_.

Falser, iii. 161, _a deceiver_, _hypocrite_.

Falsing, ii. 61, _dealing in falsehood_.

Fand, iii. 324, _found_.

Fang, ii. 26, _make off_.

Fann'd, ii. 246, _found_.

Fannes, _instruments for winnowing corn_.

Fantacy, ii. 136; fantasye, ii. 160, _fancy_.

Farden, i. 72, _flashed_.

Fare, i. 84, ii. 21, _go forth_, _pass_, _travel_.

Fare, _the price of a passage_, _shot_, _reckoning_.

Farley, i. 107, _strange_.

Fauht, i. 122, _fought_.

Fauld, ii. 85, _field_.

Fauyt, ii. 30, _fought_.

Fawkon, i. 42, _falcon_.

Fawn, iii. 122, _fallen_.

Fawte, i. 122, _fought_.

Fay, i. 178; faye, i. 106, _faith_.

Fayrere, ii. 45, _fairer_.

Faytors, i. 215, _deceivers_, _dissemblers_, _cheats_.

Fe, i. 178, _fee_, _reward_, also _bribe_. Applied to lands and tenements which are held by perpetual right, and by acknowledgment of superiority to a higher lord.

Feare. In feare, ii. 149, _company_.

Feat, i. 300, _nice_, _neat_.

Featously, i. 306, _neatly_, _dexterously_.

Fedyrs, ii. 22, _feathers_.

Fee, ii. 140, _property_.

Feere, i. 63, 76, _mate_, _companion_.

Feill, ii. 86, _fail_(?).

Feil, fele, _many_.

Feirs, ii. 114, _companions_.

Feir, i. 101, ii. 82; feire, ii. 212, _fear_.

Feit, i. 84, 102, _feet_.

Felawe, ii. 44, _fellow_.

Feld, ii. 25, _field_.

Fell, i. 65, 78; ii. 19, _furious_, _fierce_, _keen_, i. 306.

Fell, ii. 25, _hide_.

Feloy, ii. 25, _fellow_.

Fend, ii. 21; fende, ii. 59, _defend_.

Fendys pray, i. 125, _the prey of the fiends_.

Fere, ii. 36, _fear_.

Fere, i. 64, 68, 73, 156, ii. 20, _mate_, play-feres, i. 59, _play-fellows_.

Ferly, ii. 19, _wonder_; also _wonderfully_, ii, 25.

Ferlyng, ii. 8, _furlong_.

Ferr, i. 62, _far_.

Fersly, i. 160, _fiercely_.

Fesaunt, i. 42, _pheasant_.

Fest, ii. 27, _feast_.

Fet, ii. 128, iii. 193; fett, i. 286; fette, i. 50, 68, _fetched_; deepe-fette, i. 76, _deep-drawn_.

Fethe, i. 29, _faith_.

Fettle, i. 116; fetteled, i. 108; fettled, i. 113, 116, _prepared_, _addressed_, _made ready_.

Fey, ii. 118, _predestinated to some misfortune_.

Feyytyng, ii. 19, _fighting_.

Fie, ii. 82, _sheep or cattle_.

Fier, i. 149, _fire_.

Filde, _field_.

Filinge, iii. 63, _defiling_.

Fillan, iii. 134, _filling_.

Finaunce, i. 125, _fine_, _forfeiture_.

Find frost, _find mischance or disaster_.

Firth, ii. 85, _copse_, _wood_.

Fit, i. 27; fitt, ii. 177; fytte, i. 44, _part or division of a song_.

Fitts, _i.e._ divisions or parts in music, are alluded to in "Troilus and Cressida," act. iii. sc. 1. (See Steevens's note.) P.

Fit, _foot, feet_; a fit, ii. 70, _on foot_.

Flatred, ii. 25, _slit_.

Flayne, iii. 25, _flayed_.

Flearing, i. 215, _sneering_.

Flee, iii. 97, _fly_.

Fles, ii. 24, _fleece_.

Fleyke, ii. 134, _a large kind of hurdle_; cows are frequently milked in hovels made of fleyks.

Flindars, iii. 97, _pieces_, _splinters_.

Flix, iii. _flux_.

Flote, i. 201. To flote is to flete or fleet, to flit, to change position easily, to move away quickly; as fleeting moments, flitting birds

Flote and flete are two forms of the same word; and flutter bears the same relation to flote that flitter does to flete. In the Roxburghe copy of the ballad of _Willow, Willow_ this word is printed as "fleet." (Roxb. Ballads, ed. Chappell, part i. p. 172.)

Flout, ii. 179; floute, i. 197, _to sneer_; fflouting, i. 289.

Flowan, ii. 364, _flowing_.

Flude, ii. 364, _flood_.

Flyte, i. 196, 281, 288, _to contend with words_, _scold_.

Fole, iii. 108, _foal_.

Fonde, ii. 12, _contrive_, _endeavour_, _try_.

Foo, i. 50, _foe_.

Fooder, ii. 66, _wine tun_; Germ. _fuder_.

For, _on account of_.

For but, ii. 146, _unless_.

Forbode, _commandment_.

Force, no force, _no matter_.

Forced, ii. 76, _regarded_, _heeded_.

Forefend, i. 268; forfend, ii. 97, _prevent_, _defend_, _avert_, _hinder_.

Forewearied, _over-wearied_.

Forfeebled, ii. 107, _enfeebled_.

For-fought, ii. 25, _over-fought_.

Fors, ii. 21, _strength_.

Fors. I do no fors, ii. 16, _I don't care_.

Forsede, i. 122, _heeded_, _regarded_.

Forst, ii. 76, _regarded_.

Forthynketh, i. 174, _repenteth_, _vexeth_, _troubleth_.

Forthy, _therefore_.

Forwarde, i. 44, _van_.

Forewatcht, ii. 77, _over-wakeful_, _kept awake_.

Fosters of the fe, i. 175, _foresters of the king's demesnes_.

Fot pot, ii. 9, _with his foot push on_.

Fote, i. 49, _foot_.

Fou, i. 147, iii. 75; fow, iii. 99, _full_, also _fuddled_.

Fowkin, ii. 22, _crepitus ventris_.

Fox't, _drunk_.

Frae, i. 144, _from_.

Fraemang, ii. 107, _from among_.

Fraid i. 323, _afraid_.

Freake, i. 31, _man_, _person_, _human creature_.

Freake, _a whim or maggot_.

Freckys, i. 29, _men_.

Freers, ii. 128; fryars, _friars_.

Freits, i. 146, _ill omens_, _ill-luck_.

Freke, i. 49, ii. 25, _man_; frekys, ii. 25, _men_.

Freyke, ii. 135, _humour_, _freak_.

Freyke, i. 29, _strong man_.

Freyned, ii. 134, _asked_; freyned that freake, ii. 134, _asked that man_.

Frie, ii. 82; _free_.

Fro, i. 159; froe, i. 106, 139, _from_.

Fruward, _forward_.

Furth, ii. 21, _forth_.

Fuyson, i. 123; foyson, _plenty_, also _substance_.

Fyer, ii. 55, 105, _fire_; fyerye, iii. 118, _fiery_.

Fyers, _fierce_.

Fyhte, ii. 12, _fight_.

Fykkill, i. 123, _fickle_.

Fyl'd, iii. 147, _defiled_.

Fyll, i. 121, _fell_.

Ga, ii. 24; _go_; gais, ii. 83, _goes_.

Ga, ii. 113, _gave_.

Gaberlunyie, ii. 71, _a wallet_; gaberlunyie man, ii. 67, _a tinker_, _beggar_, _one who carried a wallet_.

Gade, iii. 122, _went_.

Gadelyngys, ii. 20, _gadders_, _idle fellows_.

Gaderyd, ii. 27, _gathered_.

Gadryng, ii. 22, _gathering_.

Gae, ii. 70, _gave_.

Gae, i. 143; gaes, ii. 69, _go_, _goes_.

Gaed, ii. 69, _went_.

Gair, ii. 86, _strip of land_.

Gair, i. 59, _geer_, _dress_.

Gait, iii. 95, _gate_.

Galliard, ii. 162, _a sprightly kind of dance_.

Gamon, i. 67, _to make game_, _to sport_. A.-S. gamenian _jocari_.

Gan, i. 63, 129, 309, ii. 68, _began_.

Gan, i. 30; gane, i. 30, ii. 69, _gone_.

Gang, i. 83, ii. 69, _go_.

Ganyde, i. 28, _gained_.

Gar, ii. 70; iii. 94, gare, garre, i. 44, _make_, _cause_, _force_, &c.; gars, i. 321, _makes_.

Gard, iii. 97; garde, i. 28; garred, garr'd, ii. 117; gart, iii. 97, _made_.

Gargeyld, i. 128, from _gargouille_, _the spout of a gutter_. The tower was adorned with spouts cut in the figures of greyhounds, lions, &c.

Garland, i. 111, _the ring within which the prick or mark was set to be shot at_.

Garth, ii. 391 _garden_, _yard_.

Gat, i. 146, _got_.

Gate, i. 108, _way_.

Gaup, ii. 139, _gapes_, _waits_.

Gear, i. 322, iii. 122, _goods_, _effects_, _stuff_.

Gederede ys host, ii. 8, _gathered his host_.

Geere, i. 274, 288, _property_.

Gef, ii. 31, _give_.

Geid, _gave_.

Geir, ii. 69, _gear_, _property_.

Gerte, iii. 357, _pierced_.

Gesse, ii. 49, _guess_.

Gest, ii. 85, _act_, _feat_, _story_, _history_.

Gettyng, i. 43, _booty_.

Geud, i. 103, _good_.

Geve, ii. 53, _give_.

Gibed, _jeered_.

Gi', i. 145; gie, i. 145, _give_; gied, i. 321, _gave_.

Giff, i. 322; giffe, ii. 57, _if_.

Gilderoy, i. 320, _red boy_ (or gillie); Gaelic, _Gille ruadh_ (pronounced _roy_).

Gillore, ii. 361, _plenty_.

Gimp, ii. 110, _neat_, _slender_.

Gin, i. 60, iii. 74, _if_.

Gin, iii. 203; Ginn, iii. 53; _engine_, _contrivance_.

Gins, ii. 53, _begins_.

Give, ii. 237; _if_.

Glave, ii. 115, _sword_.

Glede, i. 26, _a red-hot coal_.

Glent, i. 24, _glanced_.

Glente, iii. 356, _slipped aside_.

Gleyinge, i. 408, _minstrelsy_.

Glist, ii. 110, _glistered_.

Glose, i. 120, _gloss over_.

Glowr, iii. 75, _stare_ or _frown_.

Gloze, iii. 203, _canting_, _dissimulation_, _fair outside_.

God before, _God be thy guide_, a form of blessing. So in Shakespeare's "King Hen. V." (A. iii. sc. 8) the King says:-- "My army's but a weak and sickly guard; Yet, God before, tell him we will come on." P.

Gode, ii. 21, _good_.

Gods-pennie, ii. 140, _earnest money_.

Gon, ii. 21, _began_.

Gone, _go_.

Good, _a good deal_.

Good-e'ens, ii. 68, _good evenings_.

Good-se peny, ii. 147, _earnest money_.

Gorget, ii. 57, _the dress of the neck_.

Gorrel-bellyed, ii. 346, _pot-bellied_.

Gowan, ii. 364, _the common yellow crowfoot or gold cup_, _daisy_.

Gowd, i. 145, iii. 75, _gold_; gowden glist, ii. 110, _shone like gold_; gowden graith'd, ii. 230, _caparisoned with golden accoutrements_.

Graine, i. 158, i. 197, _scarlet_.

Graith'd, ii. 230, _caparisoned_.

Gramarye, i. 91; grammarye, i. 92, _grammar_, _abstruse learning_.

Gramercy, i. 173; gramercye, ii. 95, _I thank you_. Fr. grand-mercie.

Graunge; peakish graunge, i. 299, _a lone country house_.

Graythed, ii. 21, _made ready_.

Gre, ii. 21, _prize_.

Grea-hondes, i. 24, _grey-hounds_.

Grece, i. 129, _step_, _flight of steps_.

Greece, _fat_; hart of greece, i. 170, _a fat hart_. Fr. graisse.

Greet, iii. 100, _weep_.

Grein, iii. 75, _green_.

Gresse, i. 43, iii. 62, _grass_.

Gret, ii. 12, _grieved_.

Greves, i. 24, _groves_, _bushes_.

Grippel, ii. 254, _griping_, _tenacious_, _miserly_.

Grone, iii. _groan_.

Ground-wa', i. 145, _groundwall_.

Growynde, i. 48, 49, _ground_.

Grownes, ii. 256, _grounds_.

Growte, ii. 256. In Northamptonshire is a kind of small beer extracted from the malt after the strength has been drawn off. In Devon it is a kind of sweet ale medicated with eggs, said to be a Danish liquor. (Growte is a kind of fare much used by Danish sailors, being boiled groats, _i.e._ hulled oats, or else shelled barley, served up very thick, and butter added to it.--_Mr. Lambe._) P.

Grype, ii. 57, _a griffin_.

Grysely groned, i. 49, _dreadfully groaned_.

Gude, ii. 70, 82, _good_.

Guerdon, iii. 18, _reward_.

Guid, i. 83, _good_.

Gule, iii. 7, _red_.

Gyb, ii. 22, _nickname of Gilbert_.

Gybe, ii. 257, _jibe_, _jest_, _joke_; gybing, ii. 260.

Gyle, gyles, _guile_, _guiles_.

Gyn, ii. 9, _engine_, _contrivance_.

Gyrd, ii. 22, _girded_, _lashed_.

Gyrdyl, ii. 22, _girdle_.

Gyse, _guise_, _form_, _fashion_.

Ha, i. 196, _has_; hae, ii. 71, _have_; haes, iii. 235, _has_.

Ha', i. 84, iii. 94, _hall_; ha's, ii. 109, _halls_.

Habbe ase he brew, ii. 8, _have as he brews_.

Habergeon, _a lesser coat of mail_.

Hable, i. 121, _able_.

Hach-borde, ii. 193, _probably that part of the bulwark of the ship which is removed to form the gangway or entrance on board,--in fact, the "hatch"--(or half-door) "board."_

Haif, ii. 82, _have_.

Haggis, ii. 132, _a sheep's stomach stuffed with a pudding made of mince-meat, &c_.

Hail, ii. 83, _healthful_.

Hair, ii. 81, 86, _hoar or grey_.

Halch, iii. 325, _salute_.

Halched, i. 280, _saluted_, _embraced_, _fell on his neck_.

Halesome, ii. 142, _wholesome healthy_.

Halse, iii. 75, _the neck_, _throat_.

Halt, ii. 16, _holdeth_.

Ham, ii. 21, _them_.

Hame, i. 143, _home_; hameward, ii. 84, _homeward_.

Han, ii. 13, _have_.

Handbow, _the long-bow or common bow, as distinguished from the cross-bow_.

Hap, i. 255; happ, iii. 138; happe, i. 283, _fortune_; hap, i. 287, _chance_, _happen_, i. 303.

Hard, ii. 312, _heard_.

Hare ... swerdes, ii. 8, _their ... swords_.

Harflue, ii. 30, _Harfleur_.

Harlocke, i. 307, _perhaps charlock, or wild rape, which bears a yellow flower, and grows among corn, &c_.

Harneis, i. 273, _armour_.

Harnisine, ii. 112, _harness_, _armour_.

Harrowe, i. 280, _harass_.

Harowed, i. 164, _harassed_, _disturbed_.

Hart, iii. 128, _heart_; hartes, i. 50; harts, i. 138; hartis, i. 147.

Hartely, ii. 38, _earnestly_.

Hartly lust, i. 124, _hearty desire_.

Harwos, ii. 27, _harrows_.

Haryed, i. 41, 22, _pillaged_.

Hastarddis, i. 120, _perhaps hasty, rash fellows, or upstarts_.

Hatcht, ii. 77, _seized_.

Hauld, i. 143, _hold_.

Hauss bone, iii. 75, _the neck bone (halse bone), a phrase for the neck_.

Have owre, i. 102, _half over_.

Haves, ii. 20, _effects_, _substance_, _riches_.

Haveth, ii. 8, _has_.

Haviour, i. 304, _behaviour_.

Hawberke, i. 66, _a coat of mail, consisting of iron rings, &c._

Hawkin, ii. 19, _diminutive of Harry, from Halkin_.

Haylle, i. 43, _hale_, _strong_.

He, i. 171, _hie_, _hasten_.

He, i. 24, _high_.

Heal, i. 29, _hail_.

Hear, i. 103, _here_.

Heare, ii. 77; heares, _hair_, _hairs_.

Heathynesse, iii. 40, _heathendom._

Heawying, i. 31, _hewing_, _hacking._

Hech, ii. 27, _hatch_, _half door of a cottage_ (sometimes spelt heck).

"Dogs leap the hatch," _King Lear_, act. iii. sc. 6.

"'He'll have to ride the _hatch_' is a familiar phrase about Looe, and signifies 'He'll be brought to trial.' It is generally used jocosely in the case of any loud professor of religion who has been 'overtaken in a fault;' and the idea is that his trial will be the ordeal of attempting to ride or sit on the top or narrow edge of a hatch or half-door, when if he maintain his seat he will be pronounced innocent, if he fall he is guilty. If he fall inwards (_i.e._ within the room or building), he will be pardoned, but if he fall outwards, he will be excommunicated." W. Pengelly (_Devonshire Association Report_, vol. vii. p. 488).

Hecht to lay thee law, _promised (engaged) to lay the law_.

Hed, hede, _head_; hedys, ii. 25, _heads_.

Hede, ii. 12, _had_.

Hede, _hied_.

Hee, i. 42, _high_.

Heele, i. 291, _he will_.

Hees, ii. 70, _he is_.

Heght, ii. 117, _promised_.

Heiding hill, ii. 231, the _heading (or beheading) hill_. The place of execution was anciently an artificial hillock.

Heigh, iii. 94, _high_.

Heil, ii. 81, _health_.

Heir, ii. 83, _here_; also _hear_; herid, iii. 96, _heard_.

Hele, ii. 42, _health_.

Helen, ii. 15, _heal_.

Helpeth, ii. 12, _help ye_.

Hem, ii. 13, _them_.

Hend, i. 72, i. 74, 80, _kind_, _gentle_, _courteous_.

Henne, ii. 8, _hence_.

Hent, ii. 26, _laid hold of_.

Hepps and hawes, ii. 284, _hips and haws_.

Herault, ii. 59, _herald_.

Her, ii. 393, _hear_.

Her, ii. 35, _their_.

Here, ii. 42, _hair_.

Herkneth, ii. 7, _hearken ye_.

Herry, ii. 19, _Harry_.

Hert, i. 59, _heart_.

Hes, ii. 80, _has_.

Hest, _hast_.

Hest, i. 67, _command_, _injunction_.

Het, ii. 346, _heated_.

Hete, ii. 41, _heat_.

Hether, _hither_.

Hether, _heather_, _heath_.

Hett, iii. 6, _bid_, _call_, _command_.

Heuch, ii. 86, _rock or steep hill_.

Hevede, ii. 9, _had_, _hadst_; hevedest, ii. 12.

Hevenriche, ii. 12, _heavenly_.

Hewberke, i. 72, _coat of mail_.

Hewkes, iii. 26, _party-coloured coats of the heralds_.

Hewyns in to, _hewn in two_.

Hey-day guise, iii. 204, _rustic dances_, _a corruption of "heydegies."_

Heynd, ii. 82, _gentle_, _obliging_.

Heyye, ii. 13, _high_.

Hi, hie, _he_.

Hicht, a-hicht, _on height_.

Hie, i. 32, _high_; hier, ii. 169, _higher_; _hire_, iii. 324.

Hight, i. 29, 270, 286, _promise_, _promised_, _engaged_, also _named_, _called_.

Hilt, ii. 98, _taken off_, _flayed_.

Hinch boys, _pages of honour_.

Hind, ii. 70, _behind_.

Hinde, i. 32, _gentle_.

Hings, iii. 97, _hangs_.

Hinnible, iii. 304, _horse_, or _pony_.

Hinny, ii. 84, _honey_.

Hip, iii. 99, _the berry which contains the stones or seeds of the dog-rose_.

Hir, i. 143; hire, iii. 207, _her_; hir lain, iii. 95, _herself alone_.

Hird, ii. 81, _herd_.

Hirsel, i. 143, _herself_.

Hit, ii. 13, _it_; hit be write, ii. 12, _it be written_.

Hode, i. 164, _hood_, _cap_.

Holden, ii. 14, _hold_.

Hole, i. 124, 126, iii. 280, _whole_.

Hollen, iii. 325, _holly_.

Holp, i. 120, _help_; holpe, iii. 32, _helped_.

Holt, ii. 140, _wood_.

Holtes, i. 42, _woods_, _groves_. In Norfolk a plantation of cherry-trees is called a "cherry holt." P.

Holtis hair, ii. 81, 86, _hoary or grey woods or heaths_. "Holtes seems evidently to signify hills in the following passage from Turberville's "Songs and Sonnets," 12mo. 1567, fol. 56:--

"Yee that frequent the hilles, And highest Holtes of all; Assist me with your skilfull quilles, And listen when I call."

"As also in this other verse of an ancient poet:--

"Underneath the Holtes so hoar." P.

Holy, _wholly_.

Holy-rode, ii. 22, _holy cross_; holye rood, ii. 56.

Honde, _hand_; honden wrynge, ii. 11, _hands wring_.

Hondert, i. 50, _hundred_.

Hondrith, i. 24, 25, 30, 32, 34, _hundred_.

Hong, ii. 77; honge, i. 161, _hang_; _hung_, i. 308.

Hooly, iii. 134, _slowly_, _gently_.

Hophalt, _limping, hopping, and halting_.

Hore, iii. 327, _whore_.

Hount, i. 26, _hunt_.

Houzle, ii. 60, _give the sacrament_.

Hoved, i. 129, _heaved_; _hovered_, i. 43.

Howers, ii. 234, _hours_.

Huche, ii. 81, _wood, or a shed_.

Hud, ii. 23, _proper name_.

Hue, ii. 12, _she_. A.-S. heo; refers to huerte, which is feminine. It is an interesting example of the continuance of a grammatical gender in English.

Huerte trewe, ii. 11, _true heart_.

Huggle, iii. 72, _hug_, _clasp_.

Hull, i. 307, _hill_.

Hur, ii. 20; hurr, ii. 24, _her_.

Hye, i. 136, _high_, _highest_; hyest, ii. 59; hyer, iii. 63, _hire_.

Hyght, i. 44, _promised or engaged_.

Hyght, _high_; on hyght, i. 41, 47, _aloud_.

Hyllys, i. 32, _hills_.

Hynd out o'er, ii. 115, _over the country_.

Hyp-halte, ii. 27, _lame in the hip_.

Hyrdyllys, ii. 27, _hurdles_.

Hys, ii. 20, _his_.

Hyssylton, ii. 19, _Islington_.

Hyt, hytt, ii. 49, _it_.

Hyyt, ii. 20, _promised_.

I-clipped, i. 129, _called_.

I-feth, i. 29, _in faith_.

I-lore, ii. 13, _lost_.

I-strike, ii. 16, _stricken_, _struck_.

I-trowe, _verily_.

I-tuned, _tuned_.

I-ween, _verily_.

I-wis, i. 276, _verily_; I-wys, i. 68, 70.

I-wot, _verily_.

Ich, ii. 286, _I_; ich biqueth, ii. 12, _I bequeath_.

Ich, ii. 22; icha, ii. 25, _each_.

Ide, iii. 72, _I would_.

Ild, ii. 69, _I'd_, _I would_.

Ile, i. 196, _I'll_, _I will_.

Illfardly, ii. 70, _ill-favouredly_, _uglily_.

Ilk, _same_; this ilk, _this same_.

Ilk on, ii. 21, _each one_; ilka, ilke, _every_; ilka ane, iii. 122, _every one_.

Im, i. 103, _him_.

Ime, i. 198, ii. 57, _I am_.

Incontinent, iii. 187, _forthwith_.

In fere, ii. 36, _together_, _in company_.

Ingle, ii. 68, _fire_.

Inogh, ii. 26, _enough_; inoughe, ii. 147, _enough_.

Into, iii. 238, _in_.

Intres, i. 129, _entrance_, _admittance_.

Irke, ii. 148, _angry_.

Is, i. 149, ii. 8, _his_.

Ise, ii. 211, iii. 236, _I shall_.

I'st, i. 289, 292, _I'll_.

It's neir, _it shall never_.

Iye, i. 432, _eye_.

Janglers, ii. 85, _talkative persons_, _wranglers_, _tell-tales_.

Jear, ii. 118, _derision_.

Jetted, iii. 186, _strutted, or went proudly_.

Jille, iii. 77, _used here as a man's name_.

Jimp, i. 145, _slender_.

Jo, i. 320, ii. 132, _sweetheart_, _friend_, contraction of _joy_.

Jogelers, i. 441, _jugglers_.

Jow, iii. 134, _single stroke in tolling_.

Juncates, iii. 202, _junket_, _curds and clouted cream_.

Jupe, ii. 116, _an upper garment_.

Kall, i. 125, _call_.

Kame, iii. 147, _comb_; kameing, iii. 97, _combing_.

Kan, i. 123, 430, _can_.

Kantle, iii. 26, _piece_, _corner_.

Karlis of kynde, i. 120, _churls by nature_.

Kauk, ii. 71, _chalk_.

Kauld, i. 103, _called_.

Keel, ii. 71, _ruddle_.

Keepe, i. 309, ii. 256, _care_, _heed_. So in the old play of "Hick Scorner," "I keepe not to clymbe so hye;" _i.e._ I study not, care not, &c.

Keip, ii. 82, _keep_; ii. 84, _watch_.

Keipand, ii. 82, _keeping_.

Kell, iii. 101, _net for a woman's hair_.

Kembe, iii. 100, 186, _to comb_; kembing, iii. 102, _combing_; kemb'd, iii. 302, _combed_.

Kempe, i. 90, 94, ii. 183, _soldier_, _warrior_.

Kemperye man, i. 94, _soldier_, _fighting man_.

"_Germanis_ Camp, _Exercitum, aut Locum ubi Exercitus_ _castrametatur, significat: inde ipsis Vir Castrensis et Militaris_ kemffer, _et_ kempher, _et_ kemper, _et_ kimber, _et_ kamper, _pro varietate dialectorum, vocatur: Vocabulum hoc nostro sermone nondum penitus exolevit; Nor folcienses enim plebeio et proletario sermone dicunt_. 'He is a kemper old man, _i.e. Senex Vegetus est:' Hinc_ Cimbris _suum nomen_: 'kimber _enim Homo bellicosus, pugil, robustus miles, &c. significat_.' Sheringham de Anglor. gentis. orig. pag. 57. _Rectius autem Lazius_ [apud eundem, p. 49]. 'Cimbros _a bello quod_ kamff, _et Saxonice_ kamp _nuncupatos crediderim: unde bellatores viri_ Die Kempffer, Die Kemper.'" P.

Kems, i. 102, _combs_.

Ken, ii. 69, _know_; kens, iii. 122, _knows_; kenst, i. 196, _knowest_.

Kend, ii. 70, _knew_; _known_, iii. 99; kenn'd, ii. 365.

Kene, ii. 15, _keen_.

Kepand, ii. 81, _keeping_.

Kepers, i. 181. "Those that watch by the corpse shall tye up my winding-sheet." P.

Kester, i. 276, _nickname for Christopher_.

Kever chefes, _kerchiefs_ or _head covers_. (See vol. 3, p. 356.)

Kexis, ii. 27, _elder sticks used for candles_.

Kilted, iii. 132, _tucked up_.

Kind, _nature_. To carp is our kind, _it is natural for us to talk of_; of hir kind, ii. 154, _of her family_.

Kirk, iii. 75; kirke, i. 137, _church_; kirk wa', iii. 238, _church wall, or churchyard wall_; kirkyard, i. 243, iii. 132, _churchyard_.

Kirns to kirn, ii. 70, _churns to churn_.

Kirtle, i. 222, _a petticoat_, _a woman's gown_.

Kist, ii. 69, _chest_.

Kit, i. 123, _cut_.

Knave, _servant_.

Knaw, ii. 82, _know_.

Knellan, iii. 134, _knelling_, _ringing the knell_.

Knicht, iii. 237, _knight_.

Knight's fe, _such a portion of land as required the possessor to serve with man and horse_.

Knowles, _knolls_, _little hills_.

Knyled, i. 32, _knelt_.

Kowarde, i. 46, _coward_.

Kowe, ii. 21, _cow_.

Kuntrey, i. 124, _country_.

Kurteis, i. 125, _courteous_.

Kyd, ii. 21, _shown_.

Kye, ii. 134, _kine_, _cows_.

Kyrtel, ii. 42; kyrtell, i. 65, _petticoat_, _gown_, _a man's under garment_.

"Bale, in his 'Actes of Eng. Votaries' (part ii. fol. 53), uses the word Kyrtle to signify a monk's frock. He says, Roger, Earl of Shrewsbury, when he was dying, sent 'to Clunyake, in France, for the kyrtle of holy Hugh the abbot there,' &c." P.

Kythe, i. 427, _make appear_, _show_, _declare_.

Kythed, _appeared_.

Laigh, ii. 117, _low_.

Laith, i. 101, ii. 70, _loth_.

Laithly, _loathsome_, _hideous_.

Laitl, i. 103, _little_.

Lamb's wool, iii. 183, _a liquor composed of ale and roasted apples_.

Lane, lain, _lone_; her lane, ii. 69; hir lain, iii. 95, _alone by herself_.

Lang, i. 101, ii. 20, _long_.

Lang'd, ii. 107, _longed_.

Langsome, i. 321, _long_, _tedious_.

Lap, iii. 93, 95, _leaped_.

Largesse, iii. 26, _gift_, _liberality_.

Lasse, ii. 13, _less_.

Late, ii. 47, _let_.

Latte, ii. 12, _hinder_.

Lauch, i. 101, _laugh_; lauched, i. 101, _laughed_.

Launde, i. 170, _clear space in a forest_.

Lawlands, ii. 227, _lowlands_.

Lay, i. 79, _law_.

Layde, i. 291, _lady_.

Layden, i. 66, _laid_.

Layland, i. 66, 67, 79, _green sward_.

Laylands, i. 73, _lands in general_.

Layne, lain, _laid_.

Layne, i. 45, 46, _deceive_, _break one's word_.

Lazar, ii. 55, _leper_.

Leal, ii. 69, _loyal_, _honest_, _true_.

Leane, _conceal_, _hide_.

Lear'd, i. 307, _pastured_.

Lease, _lying_, _falsehood_; withouten lease, i. 170, _verily_, _without lying_.

Lease, iii. 102, _leash_, _thong_, _cord_.

Leasynge, _lying_, _falsehood_.

Leaute, ii. 7, _loyalty_.

Lee, ii. 68, _lea_, _field_, _pasture_.

Lee, iii. 96, _lie_.

Leeche, i. 63, 75, 77, _physician_.

Leechinge, i. 63; leedginge, i. 77, _doctoring_, _medicinal care_.

Leek, _phrase of contempt_.

Leel, ii. 112, _true_.

Leer, _look_.

Leeve London, i. 273, iii. 101, _dear London_.

Leever, i. 160, _sooner_.

Leeveth, i. 88, _believeth_.

Lefe, i. 173, _dear_.

Lefe, _leave_; leves, _leaves_.

Leffe, leefe, _dear_.

Leid, iii. 96, _lyed_.

Leil, ii. 85, _loyal_, _true_.

Leir, ii. 82, _learn_; lere, i. 306, _learning_.

Leive, i. 84, iii. 236, _leave_.

Leman, i. 186, 327; leiman, i. 301; lemman, iii. 97, _lover_, _mistress_.

Lemster wooll, i. 307, _Leominster wool_.

Lene, ii. 13, _give_.

Lenger, i. 64, ii. 20, _longer_.

Lengeth in, _resideth in_.

Lere, i. 72, _face_, _countenance_, _complexion_.

Lese, ii. 26, _lose_.

Lesynge, i. 174; leasing, _lying_, _falsehood_.

Let, i. 24, _hinder_; lett, ii. 85, _hindrance_.

Lett, i. 93, _left or let be opened_.

Lettest, i. 74, _hinderest_, _detainest_.

Letteth, i. 168, _hindereth_.

Lettyng, i. 172, _hindrance_, _without delay_.

Leugh, ii. 118; leuche, ii. 81, _laughed_.

Leve, ii. 38, _remain_.

Lever, i. 46, 71, 75, 173, _rather_; lever than, ii. 39, _rather then_.

Leves and bowes, ii. 42, _leaves and boughs_.

Lewd, i. 308; leud, ii. 134, _ignorant_, _scandalous_.

Ley, iii. 123, _lay_.

Leyke, ii. 135, _play_.

Leyre, lere, _learning_, _lore_.

Libbard, _leopard_; libbard's bane, iii. 198, _the herb wolfbane_.

Lichtly, iii. 147, _lightly_, _easily_.

Lig, i. 144, iii. 70, _lie_; ligge, ii. 11; liggd, ii. 83, _lay_.

Lightfoote, iii. 182, _venison_.

Lightile, i. 161, _quickly_.

Lightsome, i. 65, _cheerful_, _sprightly_.

Limber, ii. 260, _supple_, _flexible_.

Limitoures, iii. 208, _friars licensed to beg within certain limits_.

Limitatioun, iii. 208, _a certain precinct allowed to a limitour_.

Lingell, i. 308, _a thread of hemp rubbed with resin, &c., used by rustics for mending their shoes_.

Lire, _flesh_, _complexion_.

List, i. 256; lith, ii. 11, _lieth_.

Lith, i. 156; lithe, i. 268; lythe, _attend_, _hearken_, _listen_.

Lither, i. 94, iii. 47, _idle_, _lazy_, _naughty_, _worthless_, _wicked_.

Live-lang, iii. 132, _live-long_.

Liver, i. 282, _deliver_.

Liverance, i. 282, 289, _deliverance_ (_money or a pledge for delivering you up_).

Livor, i. 289, _deliver_.

Load; lay on load, i. 74, _give blows_.

Lodly, ii. 63; lodlye, ii. 56, _loathsome_.

Loe, ii. 70, iii. 99, _love_; lo'ed, iii. 98, _loved_.

Logeyng, i. 43, _lodging_.

Loht, ii. 9; be the luef, be the loht, _whether you like it or loathe it_.

Loke, i. 308, _lock of wool_.

Lokyd, ii. 73; lokyde, i. 25, _looked_.

Lome, ii. 63, _man_, _object_.

Lond, iii. 207, _land_.

Longes, i. 218, _belongs_; longeth, ii. 43, _belongeth_.

Longs, i. 30, _lungs_.

Looket, i. 149, _looked_.

Loone, ii. 145, _idle fellow_.

Looset, i. 115, _loosed_.

Lope, i. 65, 80, ii. 217, _leapt_.

Lore, ii. 9, 13, _teaching_, _lesson_, _doctrine_, _learning_.

Lore, _lost_.

Lorrel, i. 441, _a sorry, worthless person_.

Losel, ii. 134, 145, _the same as Lorrel_.

Lothly, ii. 142, _loathsome_.

"The adverbial terminations _-some_ and _-ly_ were applied indifferently by our old writers: thus, as we have _lothly_ for _loathsome_ above, so we have _ugsome_ in a sense not very remote from _ugly_ in Lord Surrey's version of Æn. 2nd, viz.--

"'In every place the ugsome sightes I saw' (p. 29)." P.

Loud and still, ii. 82, _openly and secretly_.

Lough, i. 95, _laugh_; lought, ii. 282, _laughed_.

Loun, i. 322, _loon_, _rascal_.

Lounge, iii. 357, _lung_.

Lourd, iii. 100, _rather (?)_

Lout, ii. 117; loute, ii. 26, _stoop_.

Louted, i. 72; lowtede, _bowed_, _did obeisance_.

Lowe, i. 114, _a little hill_.

Lowne, i. 198, _rascal_.

Lowns, ii. 113, _blazes_.

Lowttede, i. 120, _crouched_.

Lude, ii. 82, _loved_.

Lued, i. 323, _loved_.

Luef, ii. 9, _love_.

Lues, iii. 75, _loves_, _love_.

Lugh, ii. 26, _laughed_.

Luik, i. 146, _look_; luiks, i. 146, _looks_; luikt, ii. 229, _looked_.

Luivt, ii. 82, _loved_.

Lung, ii. 28, _long_.

Lurden, i. 163; lurdeyne, _sluggard_, _drone_.

Lust, ii. 42, _desire_.

Luve, i. 320, _love_; luver, ii. 212, _lover_.

Luvely, i. 143, _lovely_.

Lyan, iii. 134, _lying_.

Lyard, ii. 9, _grey; a name given to a horse from its grey colour, as Bayard from bay_.

Lyff, ii. 49, _life_.

Lyk, i. 28; lyke, ii. 38, _like_.

Lynde, i. 168; lyne, i. 112, _the lime-tree_.

Lys, ii. 12, _lies_.

Lystenyth, iii. 371, _listen_.

Lyth, i. 306, _easy_, _gentle_, _pliant_, _flexible_, _lithesome_.

Lyvar, i. 30, _liver_

Lyven na more, _live no more_, _no longer_.

Lyyt, ii. 27, _light_; lyytly, ii. 26, _lightly_.

Mad, ii. 24, _made_.

Mahound, i. 88, _Mahomet_.

Maining, ii. 211, _moaning_.

Mair, ii. 84, _more_, _most_.

Maist, i. 42, _mayest_.

Mait, iii. 99, _might_, _may_.

Majeste, maist, mayeste, _may'st_.

Makes, i. 50, ii. 78, _mates_.

Making, _versifying_.

Makys, i. 33, _mates_.

"As the words make and mate were, in some cases, used promiscuously by ancient writers, so the words cake and cate seem to have been applied with the same indifferency; this will illustrate that common English proverb, 'to turn cat (_i.e._ cate) in pan.' A pancake is in Northamptonshire still called a pancate." P.

Male, i. 28, _coat of mail_; shirt of male, ii. 233.

Manchet, iii. 206, _best kind of white bread_.

Mane, i. 26, _man_.

Mangonel, ii. 8, _a military engine used for discharging great stones, arrows, &c., before the invention of gunpowder_.

March perti, i. 33; march partes, i. 34, _in the parts lying upon the marches_.

March-pine, i. 306; marchpane, _a kind of biscuit_.

Mare ii. 25, _more_.

Margarite, ii. 328, _a pearl_.

Mark, _a coin, in value 13s. 4d._

Marke hym to the Trenité, _commit himself to God_.

Marrow, ii. 109, 363, _match, or equal companion_.

Mart, ii. 82, _marred_, _hurt_, _damaged_.

Marvelit, iii. 238, _marvelled_.

Mast, maste, _may'st_.

Masterye, i. 110; maystery, i. 176, _a trial of skill_.

Maugre, ii. 8; mauger, i. 23, _in spite of_.

Maugre, ii. 83, _ill will_.

Maun, i. 84, 143, 145, _must_.

Mavis, iii. 97, _a thrush_.

Mawt, iii. 123, _malt_.

May, i. 63, 113; maye, i. 46, _maid_.

Mayne, i. 122, _force_, _strength_.

Mayne, _a horse's mane_.

Mayny, i. 120, _a company_.

Maze, _a labyrinth_, _anything entangled or intricate_.

"On the top of Catherine-hill, Winchester (the usual play-place of the school), was a very perplexed and winding path, running in a very small space over a great deal of ground, called a Miz-Maze. The senior boys obliged the juniors to tread it, to prevent the figure from being lost, as I am informed by an ingenious correspondent." P.

Mazer, in. 97, _drinking cup of maple_.

Me, _men_; me con, ii. 13, _men began_.

Me-thuncketh, ii. 11, _methinks_.

Meane, ii. 259, _moderate_, _middle-sized_.

Meany, i. 24, 25, _retinue_, _train_, _company_.

Mease, ii. 119, _soften_, _mollify_.

Meed, meede, i. 74, iii. 22, _reward_.

Meet, in. 132, _even_.

Meid, _mood_.

Meikle, iii. 238, _much_.

Meit, iii. 95, _meat_.

Meit, ii. 83, 115, _meet_, _fit_, _proper_.

Mekyl, ii. 21, _much_.

Mell, ii. 260, _honey_.

Mell, _meddle_, _mingle_.

Meniveere, i. 308, _a species of fur_.

Mense the faught, ii. 116, _to measure the battle_.

"To give to the mense is to give above the measure. Twelve and one to the mense is common with children in their play." P.

Menzie, ii. 133, _retinue_, _company_.

Merch, ii. 115, _march_.

Merchis, i. 34, _marches_.

Merth, merthe, ii. 31, _mirth_.

Messager, ii. 12, _messenger_.

Mete, i. 180, _meet_, _fit_, _proper_.

Mewe, ii. 254, _confinement_.

Micht, ii. 230, _might_.

Mickle, i. 65, 66, 72, 76, 137, 306, _much_, _great_.

Midge, iii. 233, _a small insect_, _a kind of gnat_.

Mids, ii. 77, _midst_.

Minged, i. 66, 79, _mentioned_.

Minny, ii. 69, _mother_.

Mirk, ii. 120; mirkie, iii. 154, _dark_, _black_.

Mirry, i. 101, 143, ii. 82, _merry_; mirriest, ii. 391, _merriest_.

Mirry-land toune, i. 59.

Misconster, ii. 349, _misconstrue_.

Misdoubt, i. 302, _suspect_, _doubt_.

Miskaryed, _miscarried_.

Misken, i. 197, _mistake_.

Mister, _to need_.

Mith, iii. 45, _might_.

Mither, i. 60, 83, 145, _mother_.

Mo, i. 30, 161, ii. 16; moe, ii. 289, _more_.

Moche, ii. 47, _much_.

Mode, _mood_.

Moder, i. 126, _mother_.

Moiening, ii. 382, _by means of_.

Mome, ii. 258, _blockhead_.

Mon, ii. 11, _man_.

Mone, ii. 37, _moon_.

Mone lyyt, ii. 25, _moonlight_.

Mone, ii. 35, iii. 127, _moan_.

Monand, iii. 64, _moaning_, _bemoaning_.

Monnynday, i. 24, 34, _Monday_.

Mony, ii. 8, 13, 68, _many_.

More, iii. 17,

"originally and properly signified _a hil_l (from A.-S. mor, _mons_), but the hills of the north being generally full of bogs, a moor came to signify boggy, marshy, ground in general." P.

Mores and the fenne, ii. 8, _hill and dale_; mores brodinge, i. 64, 78, _wide moors_.

Morne, i. 101; to morn, ii. 20, 83, _on the morrow_, _in the morning_.

Mornyng, ii. 49, _mourning_.

Morwenynges, iii. 208, _mornings_.

Mort, i. 25, _dead stag_.

Most, _must_.

Mot, i. 121, 126, _may_.

Mote, i. 157, _might_; mote I thee, ii. 97, _may I thrive_.

Mou, ii. 70, _mouth_.

Mought, i. 68, 169, 308, _might_, _may it_, ii. 302.

Mowe, ii. 13, 31, _may_.

Muchele bost, ii. 8, _great boast_.

Mude, ii. 82, _mood_.

Muid, i. 147, _mood_.

Mulne, ii. 8, _mill_.

Mun, i. 63, 66, _must_.

Mure, mures, _wild downs_, _heaths_, &c.

Murn, ii. 85; murnd, ii. 86; murnit, ii. 81; murnt, ii. 84; murning, ii. 83, _mourn_, _mourned_, _mourning_.

Muve, ii. 366, _move_; muvit, ii. 39, _moved_.

Mykel, i. 46, _great_.

Myllan, i. 29, _Milan steel_.

Myn, ii. 12, _my_.

Myne-ye-ple, i. 28, _probably a corruption of manople, a large gauntlet_.

Myrry, _merry_.

Mysuryd, i. 123, _misused_, _applied to a bad purpose_.

Myyt, ii. 26, _might_; myyty, _mighty_.

Na, ii. 12; nae, _no_, _not_, _none_.

Naebody, ii. 139, _nobody_.

Naithing, ii. 70, _nothing_.

Nane, i. 320, ii. 70, iii. 75, _none_.

Nappy, iii. 182, _strong, as ale_.

Nar, i. 25, 27; nare, i. 30, _nor_.

Nat, i. 143, ii. 35, _not_.

Natheless, ii. 264, _nevertheless_

N'availeth not, ii. 16, _availeth not_.

Ne, ii. 12, _no_, _nor_, _not_.

Near, ner, nere, _ne'er_, _never_.

Neat, _oxen_, _cows_, _large cattle_; neates leather, ii. 100, _cowhide_.

Neatherd, _a keeper of cattle_.

Neatresse, ii. 259, _female keeper of cattle_.

Nee, i. 71, 178, _nigh_.

Neigh him neare, i. 94, _approach him near_.

Neir, i. 146, _ne'er_, _never_.

Neire, ii. 212; nere, _near_.

Nemped, i. 409, _named_.

Nere, ii. 135; ne were, _were it not for_.

Nest, ii. 12, _next_, _nearest_.

Nethar, _neither_.

Neven, i. 396, _name_.

New fangle, iii. 7, _new-fangled_, _fond of novelty_.

Nicht, ii. 85, _night_.

Nicked him of naye, i. 88, _nicked him with a refusal_.

Nipt, _pinched_.

No, _not_.

Noble, _a gold coin in value twenty groats, or 6s. 8d._

Nobles, i. 120, _nobleness_.

Nocht, ii. 83, _not_.

Nock, iii. 295, _the posteriors_.

Nollys, ii. 21, _noddles_, _heads_.

Nom, ii. 12, _took_.

Nome, ii. 11, _name_.

Non, ii. 16, _none_.

None, i. 25, 31, ii. 37, _noon_.

Nones, ii. 27, _nonce_.

Nonys, ii. 22, _nonce or occasion_.

Norland, iii. 237, _northern_.

Norse, _Norway_.

Norss menzie, ii. 114, _the Norse army_.

North-gales, iii. 26, _North Wales_.

Nou, ii. 9, _now_.

Nourice, _nurse_.

Nout, ii. 8, _nought_, also _not_, ii. 14.

Nowght, _nought_.

Nowls, _noddles_, _heads_.

Noye, ii. 26, _hurt_.

Noyt, ii. 24, _nought_, _not_.

Ny, ii. 49; nye, i. 136, _nigh_; nyest, ii. 59, _nighest_.

Nyyt, ii. 27, _night_.

O, ii. 8, _one_; O', iii. 99, _of_; O, ii. 9, _on_.

O wow, ii. 68, _an exclamation_.

Obraid, iii. 99, _upbraid_.

Occupied, i. 121, _used_.

Ocht, _ought_.

Off, ii. 177, _of_.

Oloft, ii. 25, _on horseback_.

On, ii. 49, _one_, _an_.

On loft, ii. 22, _aloft_.

Onfowghten, unfoughten, _unfought_.

Ony, ii. 84, _any_.

Onys, ii, 23, _once_.

Opon, ii. 8, _upon_.

Or, ii. 42, _before ever_.

Ore, iii. 128, _over_.

Orisons, _prayers_.

Ost, i. 28, ii. 24, iii. 36; oste, i. 42, 43, 44; ooste, i. 272, _host_.

Osterne, i. 291, _austere_.

Oth, othe, iii. 49, _oath_.

Ou, ii. 12, _you_.

Ous, ii. 8, _us_.

Out-owr, i. 147, _quite over_, _over_.

Outbrayd, ii. 45, _drew out_, _unsheathed_.

Outhorne, i. 167, _the summoning to arms by the sound of a horn_.

Outrake, i. 285, 292, _an out ride or expedition_; _to raik is to go fast_.

"Outrake is a common term among shepherds. When their sheep have a free passage from enclosed pastures into open and airy grounds they call it a good outrake." (Mr. Lambe.) P.

Owar, i. 31, _hour_.

Oware of none, i. 25, _hour of noon_.

Owches, iii. 316, _bosses_.

Owre, i. 144, ii. 70; _over_, _o'er_; _ere_, i. 101.

Owreword, iii. 124, _the last word_, _burden of a song_.

Pa, i. 59.

Packing, i. 121, _dealing_.

Pall, i, 89; palle, i. 71, _a cloak or robe of state_.

Palmer, iii. 113, _a pilgrim who, having been in the Holy Land, carried a palm branch in his hand_.

Paramour, i. 310, _gallant_, _lover_; _mistress_, ii. 45.

Pardè, ii. 41; perdie, _verily_ (par Dieu).

Paregall, i. 124, _equal_.

Parle, iii. 36, _speak or parley_.

## Parti, party;

a parti, i. 26, _apart or aside_.

Partynere, ii. 41, _partner_.

Pat, ii. 132, _pot_.

Pattering, iii. 9,

"_murmuring, mumbling, from the manner in which the Paternoster was anciently hurried over in a low inarticulate voice_." P.

Pauky, ii. 68, _shrewd_, _cunning_, _sly_.

Paves, i. 121, _a pavice, a large shield that covered the whole body_. Fr. pavois.

Pavilliane, _pavilion_, _tent_.

Pay, i. 173, _liking_, _satisfaction_.

Paynim, i. 65, 88, iii. 41, _pagan_.

Peakish, i. 299, _rude_, _simple_; peakish hull, i. 307, _perhaps the Derbyshire Peak_.

Peare, i. 80, _peer_, _equal_.

Pearlins, iii. 75, _coarse sort of bone-lace_.

Pece, _piece of cannon_.

Pee, i. 148, _piece_.

Peere, i. 73, 77, _equal_.

Pees, ii. 7, _peace_.

Pele, ii. 24, _a baker's long-handled shovel_.

Penon, _a banner or streamer borne at the top of a lance_.

Pentarchye, ii. 345, _five heads_.

Perchmine, _parchment_.

Perde, i. 187, _verily_.

Perelous, parlous, _perilous_, _dangerous_.

Perfay, ii. 85, _verily_.

Perfight, i. 123, _perfect_; perfightly, i. 124, _perfectly_.

Perfytte, i. 272, _perfect_.

Perkyn, ii. 20, _diminutive of Peter_.

Perlese, i. 125, _peerless_.

Perte, i. 50, _part_, _side_.

Pertyd, i. 28, _parted_, _divided_.

Pese, ii. 45, _peace_.

Petye, i. 50, ii. 73, _pity_.

Peyn, ii. 16, _pain_.

Peyses, i. 48, _pieces_.

Peysse, i. 44, _peace_.

Peyters, ii. 13, _Peter's_.

Philomele, iii. 81, _the nightingale_.

Piece, _a little_.

Pil'd, _peeled_, _bald_.

Pine, i. 196, _famish_, _starve_.

Pinner, ii. 337, _pinder, or impounder of cattle._

Pious chanson, i. 183, _a godly song or ballad_.

"Mr. Rowe's Edition of Shakespeare has 'The first Row of the Rubrick;' which has been supposed by Dr. Warburton to refer to the red-lettered titles of old ballads. In the large collection made by Mr. Pepys, I do not remember to have seen one single ballad with its title printed in red letters." P.

Pipl, i. 103, _people_.

Playand, ii. 115, _playing_.

Play-feres, i. 59, _play-fellows_.

Playning, i. 243, _complaining_.

Plein, iii. 123, _complain_.

Pleis, ii. 82, _please_.

Plett, ii. 112, _plaited_.

Pley, i. 59, ii. 83, _play_.

Pleyn, ii. 16, _complain_.

Plyyt, ii. 27, _plight_.

Plowmell, ii. 25, _a small wooden hammer occasionally fixed to the plough_.

Poll-cat, _cant word for a prostitute_.

Pollys, ii. 21, _polls_, _heads_.

Pompal, i. 233, _proud_, _pompous_.

Popingay, i. 308, _a parrot_.

Porcupig, iii. 285, _porcupine_.

Portingale, iii. 50, _Portugal_.

Portingalls, ii. 198, _Portuguese_.

Portres, _porteress_.

Poterner, iii. 7, _probably a pouch or bag._

Pottle, iii. 187, _a measure of two quarts_.

Poudered, ii. 23, _a term in heraldry for sprinkled over_.

Pow'd, i. 59, _pulled_.

Powlls, _polls_, _heads_.

Pownes, i. 300, _pounds_.

Praat, ii. 360, _prate_.

Pray, i. 125, _prey_.

Prayse-folk, ii. 27, _singing men and women_.

Preas, iii. 26, _press_.

Prece, i. 160, _crowd_, _press_; preced, i. 167, 171, _pressed_.

Prest, i. 205, ii. 21, _ready_; prestly, i. 171; prestlye, i. 72, _readily_, _quickly_.

Prickes, i. 111, _mark in the centre of the target_.

Pricke-wande, _pole set up for a mark_.

Pricked, i. 68, _spurred on_, _hasted_.

Priefe, ii. 96, _prove_.

Priving, ii. 70, _proving_, _testing_.

Prove, ii. 46, _proof_.

Prude, ii. 8, _pride_.

Prycke, i. 175, _the mark_, _commonly a hazel wand_.

Prycked, i. 43, _spurred_.

Pryme, i. 156, _daybreak, or six o'clock in the morning_.

Prys, ii. 11, _prize_.

Pu, i. 145, _pull_.

Puing, ii. 363, _pulling_.

Puissant, iii. 110, _strong_, _powerful_.

Purfell, iii. 25, _ornament, or border of embroidery_.

Purfelled, iii. 25, _embroidered_.

Purvayed, ii. 45, _provided_.

Putry, iii. 6, _whoredom_.

Pyght, i. 43, _pitched_.

Quadrant, _four-square_.

Quaint, ii. 257, _nice_, _fantastical_.

Quarry, i. 255, _the slaughtered game in hunting or hawking_.

Quat, ii. 116, _quitted_.

Quay, iii. 75, _a young heifer, called a whie in Yorkshire_.

Quean, iii. 21, 203, 252, _a sorry, base woman_, _a slut_.

Quel, ii. 135, _cruel_, _murderous_.

Quelch, _a blow or bang_.

Quere, i. 124, _quire_, _choir_.

Quest, i. 165, _inquest_.

Quha, i. 101, _who_.

Quhair, ii. 82, _where_.

Quhair-eir, ii. 84, _wherever_.

Quhan, i. 144, iii. 75, _when_.

Quhaneir, iii. 75, _whenever_.

Quhar, i. 100, _where_.

Quhat, i. 143, _what_.

Quhatten, i. 83, _what_.

Quhen, i. 143, ii. 82, _when_.

Quhilk, ii. 116, _which_.

Quhy, i. 145, _why_.

Quhyle, ii. 83, _while_.

Quick, iii. 53, _alive_, _living_.

Quiere, ii. 288, _choir_.

Quillets, ii. 283, _quibbles_.

Quiristers, ii. 166, _choristers_.

Quitt, ii. 311, _requite_.

Quo, ii. 69, _quoth_.

Quyle, ii. 84, _while_.

Quyrry, i. 25, _quarry of slaughtered game_.

Quyt, ii. 85, _quite_.

Quyte, i. 34, _requited_.

Qwyknit, ii. 131, _quickened_, _restored to life_.

Rade, i. 147, _rode_.

Rae, ii. 24, _roe_.

Raigne, ii. 253, _reign_.

Raik, _to go apace_; raik on raw, ii. 82, _extend in a row_.

Raise, ii. 69, _rose_.

Rampire, ii. 52, _rampart_.

Ranted, ii. 68, _made merry_.

Rashing, i. 208, _the old hunting term for the stroke made by a wild boar with his fangs_.

Raught, _reached_, _gained_, _obtained_.

Raw, ii. 82, _row_.

Rawstye, i. 116, _damp_(?)

Rayt, ii. 26, _raught or reached_.

Reachles, i. 113, _careless_.

Read, ii. 148; reade, ii. 144, _advice_; reade me, i. 87, _advise me_.

Rea'me, ii. 287, _realm_.

Reane, i. 34, _rain_.

Rearing, i. 88, _leaning against_.

Reas, i. 24, _raise_.

Reave, i. 89, 322, _bereave_.

Reckt, i. 143, _regarded_.

Reckyn, ii. 20, _reckon_.

Red, i. 101, _read_.

Redd, i. 79, _advise_.

Reddyl, ii. 23, _riddle or sieve_.

Rede, iii. 208; redde, ii. 13, _read_.

Rede, i. 41, 66, iii. 94, _advise_; rede I can, ii. 37, _advice I know_.

Rede, i. 48, _guessed_.

Redouted, i. 120, _dreaded_.

Redresse, ii. 78, _care_, _labour_.

Redyn, ii. 23, _moved_.

Reek, i. 145, _smoke_.

Reev, ii. 17; reeve, iii. 179, _bailiff_.

Refe, ii. 20, _bailiff_.

Refe, _bereave_.

Reft, ii. 26, _bereft_.

Register, iii. 210, _the officer who keeps the public register_.

Reid, ii. 83, _advise_.

Reid, i. 59, 83, 146, _red_; reid roan, i. 83, _red roan_.

Reivs, ii. 83, _bereavest_.

Rekeles, i. 42, _regardless_, _rash_.

Remeid, ii. 83, _remedy_.

Renisht, i. 88, _harnessed_.

Renn, i. 196; renne, i. 160, ii. 89, _run_.

Renneth, iii. 108, _runneth_; renning, ii. 142, _running_.

Renyed, i. 122, _refused_.

Reporte, i. 124, _refer_.

Rescous, ii. 40, _rescues_; rescew, ii. 175, _rescue_.

Reve, ii. 23, _bereave_, _deprive_.

Revers, ii. 114, _robbers_, _pirates_, _rovers_.

Rew, ii. 82, _take pity_.

Rew, iii. 98; rewe, i. 70, ii. 46, _regret_; reweth, ii. 9, _regrets_; rewyth, i. 42, _regrets_.

Rewth, i. 174, _ruth_, _pity_.

Riall, _royal_.

Richt, i. 101, _right_.

Riddle, _vulgar idiom for unriddle, or corruption of reade_, _to advise_.

Rin, i. 147; rinn, i. 60, _run_; rins, i. 59, _runs_; rinnes, i. 42, _runs_.

Rise, _shoot_, _bush_, _shrub_.

Rive, i. 244, _rend_; rives, i. 284; _rends_.

Rive, ii. 386, _rife_, _abounding_.

Roche, i. 128, _rock_.

Rofe, ii. 41, _roof_.

Roke, i. 48, _steam or smoke_.

Ronne, _ran_; roone, _run_.

Roo, i. 42, _roe_.

Roode, i. 76, _cross_, _crucifix_.

Rood loft, _the place in the church where the images were set up_.

Room, i. 84, _large_.

Roun, ii. 80, _run_.

Route, i. 158, _company_.

Route, iii. 108, _go about_, _travel_.

Routhe, i. 122, _ruth_, _pity_.

Row, i. 145; rowd, i. 60,146, _roll_, _rolled_.

Rowght, i. 45; rowte, ii. 26, _rout_.

Rowyned, _round_.

Rowned, rownyd, _whispered_.

Rudd, iii. 8, _red_, _ruddy_; rud-red, iii. 22.

Rude, ii. 82; _rood_, _cross_.

Ruell bones, ii. 22.

Rues, _pitieth_.

Rugged, ii. 27, _pulled with violence_.

Runnagate, ii. 294, _runaway_.

Rushy gair, ii. 86, _rushy strip of land_.

Ruthe, ii. 46, _pity_, _woe_.

Ryal, ii. 30; ryall, i. 45, 129, _royal_.

Ryd, iii. 36, _rode_; rydand, ii. 22, _riding_.

Ryde, i. 91, _for ryse_ (?)

Rydere, i. 178, _ranger_.

Ryghtwes, i. 427, _righteous_.

Ryhte, ii. 9, _right_.

Rynde, i. 46, _rent_, _flayed_.

Ryschys, ii. 27, _rushes_.

Rywe, ii. 30, _rue_.

Ryyt, ii. 20, _right_; _even_, ii. 23.

Sa, i. 144, ii. 26; sae, i. 144, _so_.

Safer, _sapphire_.

Saft, ii. 110, _soft_; saftly, ii. 107, _softly_.

Saif, i. 144, _safe_.

Saim, iii. 99, _same_.

Sair, i. 60, 147, _sore_.

Saisede, ii. 8, _seized_.

Sall, i. 60, 84, 143, _shall_.

Salvage, iii. 117, _savage_.

Sar, i. 31, _sore_.

Sarke, iii. 95, _shirt_; _shift_, i. 321.

Sat, i. 31, _set_.

Sauls, ii. 114, _souls_.

Saut, iii. 99, _salt_.

Saw, say, _speech_, _discourse_.

Say, i. 30, _saw_.

Saye, iii. 64, _essay_, _attempt_.

Say us no harme, _say no ill of us_.

Say'n, ii. 69, _saying_.

Scant, i. 90, 321, _scarce_.

Scath, i. 65, _hurt_, _injury_.

Schadow, ii. 25, _shadow_.

Schal, ii. 20; schall, i. 42, _shall_.

Schapen, ii. 24, _shaped_.

Schapped, i. 48, _swapped_ (?), _i.e. smote_.

Scharpe, i. 46, 48, _sharp_.

Schatred, ii. 25, _shattered_.

Schaw, ii. 82, _show_.

Sche, i. 42, ii. 24, _she_.

Schene, _sheen_, also _brightness_.

Schepeskynnes, ii. 21, _sheepskins_.

Schip, i. 100, _ship_; schiples, _shipless_.

Scho, i. 59, ii. 20, _she_.

Schone, i. 41, _shone_.

Schoone, i. 101, _shoes_.

Schoote, i. 45, _shot_, _let go_.

Schowte, i. 47; schowtte, _shout_.

Schrill, _shrill_.

Schuke, _shook_.

Schuld, ii. 20; schulde, i. 46, _should_.

Schulder, ii. 27, _shoulder_.

Sckill, iii. 327, _skill_.

Sckirmish, ii. 236, _skirmish_.

Sckore, ii. 236, _score_.

Sclat, ii. 16, _slate_.

Scomfet, ii. 23, _discomfit_.

Scorke, i. 259, _struck_.

Scot, ii. 9, _tax_, _revenue_; also _shot_, _reckoning_, ii. 20.

See, ii. 8, _sea_.

Sed, iii. 47, _said_.

Seely, ii. 174; seelie, iii. 68, _poor_, _simple_.

Seignour, ii. 135, _Lord_.

Seik, i. 60, _seek_.

Seires, iii. 328, _for feires_, _i.e. mates_.

Sek-ful, ii. 22, _sackful_.

Sel, iii. 96; sell, iii. 123, _self_.

Selcouthe, ii. 391, _strange_.

Selven, ii. 32, _self_.

Selver, ii. 8, _silver_.

Sely, ii. 53, _simple_.

Semblyd, i. 25, _assembled_.

Sen, i. 34, ii. 83, iii. 95, _since_.

Seneschall, _steward_.

Senvy, _mustard seed_. Fr. senevé.

Serrett, i. 79, _closed fist_ (?)

Sertayne, i. 48, _certain_; sertenly, i. 49, 50, _certainly_.

Sese, ii. 49, _seize_.

Setywall, _the herb valerian_.

Sey, iii. 75, _a kind of woollen stuff_.

Sey yow, ii. 15, _say to you_; I sey yow soth, ii. 16, _I tell you truth_.

Sey'd, ii. 114, _tried_.

Sey'd, _saw_.

Seyde, ii. 12, _said_.

Sha' na bide, ii. 116, _shall not endure_.

Shaint, ii. 360, _saint_.

Shave; be shave, ii. 77, _be shaven_.

Shaw, ii. 114, _show_; shaw'd, ii. 110, _showed_.

Shaws, i. 106, _little woods_.

Shear, i. 24, _entirely_.

Sheede, iii. 12, _shed_.

Sheel, ii. 98; sheele, i. 88, 294, _she'll_, _she will_.

Sheene, i. 87, 106; iii. 236, _bright_, _brightness_, _beauty_. Germ. _schön_.

Shees, ii. 70, _she is_.

Sheeve, ii. 256, _shive_, _a great slice of bread_.

Sheip, ii. 82, _sheep_; sheips heid, ii. 132, _sheep's head_.

Sheits, i. 145, _sheets_.

Sheid, ii. 70, _she would_.

Shent, i. 72, 171, _disgraced_; _abashed_, ii. 49; _confounded_, ii. 84.

Shepenes, iii. 208, _cowhouses_, _sheep pens_. A.-S. scypen.

Shield bone, _the blade bone_, a common phrase in the north.

Shill, ii. 111, _shrill_.

Shimmer'd, iii. 237, _glittered_; shimmering, ii. 142, _shining by glances_, _glittering_.

Sho, ii. 49, _she_.

Shoen, ii. 100, _shoes_.

Shold, sholde, _should_.

Shoone, i. 243, 320; iii. 47, _shoes_.

Shope, iii. 54, _shaped_.

Shorte, ii. 43, _shorten_.

Shote, ii. 40, _shoot_.

Shott, ii. 149, _reckoning_.

Shoul, ii. 360, _soul_.

Shradds, i. 106, _twigs_.

Shreeven, iii. 10, _shriven_, _confessed_.

Shreward, ii. 9, _a male shrew_.

Shrive, ii. 60, _confess_; _hear confession_, ii. 166.

Shroggs, i. 111, _shrubs_, _thorns_, _briars_.

Shuld, iii. 147; shulde, i. 32, _should_.

Shullen, _shall_.

Shunted, ii. 137, _shunned_.

Shuntyng, ii. 19, _recreation_, _diversion_, _sport_.

Shyars, i. 24, _shires_.

Shynand, ii. 113, _shining_.

Sib, _kin_, _akin_.

Sic, i. 84; sich, i. 327, _such_.

Sich, ii. 84, _sigh_; sichit, ii. 81, sicht, ii. 86, _sighed_.

Sicht, ii. 114, _sight_.

Sick-like, iii. 123, _such like_.

Side, i. 375, _long_.

Sied, i. 147, _saw_.

Sigh clout, i. 197, _a cloth to strain milk through_.

Sighan, iii. 134, _sighing_.

Sik, i. 144; sike, i. 320, _such_.

Siker, i. 323, _secure_, _surely_, _certainly_.

Silk, iii. 100, _such_.

Siller, ii. 230; iii. 97, _silver_.

Silly, i. 192; ii. 68, _simple_.

Silven, iii. 100, _silver_.

Sindle, ii. 115, _seldom_.

Sist, iii. 55, _sighed_.

Sith, i. 68, 133, _since_.

Sitten, iii. 99, _sat_.

Sitteth, ii. 7, _sit ye_.

Skaith, ii. 115, _scath_, _harm_, _mischief_.

Skinker, _one that serves drink_.

Skinkled, iii. 237, _glittered_.

Skore, i. 28, _score_.

Slade, i. 108, _a breadth of greensward between ploughlands or woods_.

Slaited, iii. 98, _wiped_.

Slatred, ii. 25, _broke into splinters_.

Slaw, i. 308, _slew_.

Slaw, ii. 107, _slow_.

Sle, i. 15, _slay_; sleest, _slayest_, i. 123.

Slee, ii. 69, _sly_.

Slean, i. 31, 33, 34, _slain_.

Sleath, iii. 108, _slayeth_.

Slein, ii. 70, _slain_.

Sleip, i. 60; sleipe, ii. 211, _sleep_.

Sleive, iii. 95, _sleeve_.

Slo, i. 120; sloe, i. 69, _slay_.

Slode, i. 66, 79, slit, _split_.

Slone, i. 49, 67, _slain_.

Sloughe, i. 28, _slew_.

Sma', i. 145, _small_; _little_, iii. 95.

Smire, iii. 327 (? for swire = neck).

Smithers, i. 145, _smothers_.

Snae, iii. 97; snaw, ii. 69, _snow_.

Soar, i. 31, _sore_.

Sodenly, ii. 15, _suddenly_.

Solacious, i. 130; _affording solace_.

Soldan, i. 73, 74, 80; sowdan, i. 96, _sultan_.

Soll, i. 34, _soul_.

Son, ii. 23, _soon_; sone, ii. 44, _soon_.

Sond, ii. 26, sending, _present_.

Sone, ii. 41, _soon_.

Soothe, ii. 55, _truth_, _true_.

Sort, i. 122, 126, _set_, _company_.

Soth, i. 43, 49, 50, 51; ii. 16; iii. 30, _truth_, _true_.

Sothe, i. 27, _south_.

Sould, ii. 69, _should_.

Souldan, iii. 110, _sultan_.

Souling, ii. 257, _victualling_.

Sowle is still used in the north for anything eaten with bread. P.

Souse, iii. 181, _the head, feet and ears of swine boiled and pickled for eating_.

Souter, i. 416, _psaltry_.

Sowne, ii. 52, _sound_.

Sowre, _sour_.

Sowre, _sore_.

Sowter, i. 416, _a shoemaker_.

Soy, i. 320, _silk_.

Spack, ii. 230; iii. 96, _spake_.

Spec, ii. 13, _spake_.

Speere, ii. 144; speered, ii. 144, _sparred_, _fastened_, _shut_.

So in an old "Treatyse agaynst Pestilence, etc. 4to Emprynted by Wynkyn de Worde:" we are exhorted to "Spere [i.e. shut or bar] the wyndowes ayenst the south." fol. 5. P.

Speid, iii. 94, _speed_.

Speik, iii. 96, _speak_.

Speir, ii. 69; iii. 95, _ask_, _inquire_.

So Chaucer, in his Rhyme of Sir Thopas--

----"He foughte north and south, And oft he spired with his mouth."

_i.e._ "inquired." Not spied, as in the new edit. of Cant. Tales, vol. ii. p. 234. P.

Speir, iii. 98, _spear_.

Spek, ii. 12, _spoke_; speken, iii. 207, _speak_.

Spence, ii. 52; spens, ii. 21, _expense_.

Spendyd, _grasped_.

Spill, i. 196, iii. 51; spille, i. 75, _spoil_, _kill_.

Spillan, iii. 134, _spilling_.

Spindles and whorles, ii. 71, _the instruments used for spinning in Scotland instead of spinning-wheels_.

"The Rock, Spindles, and Whorles are very much used in Scotland and the northern parts of Northumberland at this time. The thread for shoemakers, and even some linen webs, and all the twine of which the Tweed salmon-nets are made, are spun upon spindles. They are said to make a more even and smooth thread than spinning-wheels." (_Mr. Lambe._) P.

Spittle, ii. 282, _hospital_.

Splene; on the splene, ii. 46, _in haste_.

Spole, ii. 198, _shoulder_.

Sporeles, ii. 9, _spurless_, _without spurs_.

Sprente, i. 29, _spurted out_, _sprung out_.

Sprite, iii. 132, _spirit_.

Spurging, ii. 197, _drivelling froth_.

Spurn, i. 34, _a kick_.

Spylt, i. 123, _spoiled_, _destroyed_.

Squelsh, iii. 295, _a blow or bang_.

Squyer, ii. 44; squyere, ii. 44, _squire_.

Stalworth, ii. 19, _stout_.

Stalwurthlye, i. 41, _stoutly_.

Stane, i. 145, _stone_.

Starke, i. 72, _stout_, _strong_.

Startopes, ii. 256, _buskins or half boots_.

Stean, i. 103, iii. 99, _stone_.

Stede, ii. 23, _place_.

Steid, i. 83, iii. 98, _steed_.

Steill, ii. 131, _steel_.

Steir, ii. 83, _stir_.

Stel, ii. 8, _steel_.

Stele, ii. 46, _steal_.

Sterne, i. 28, _fierce ones_.

Sterris, _stars_.

Sterte, i. 69, 73, _start_; sterted, iii. 15, _started_.

Sterve, ii. 16, _die_, _perish_.

Steven, i. 115, iii. 26, _voice_, _sound_.

Steven, i. 111, _time_.

Stint, i. 68, 133, 273, _stop_, _stopped_.

Stond, ii. 26, _stand_.

Stonderes, _standers by_.

Stonds, i. 44, _stands_.

Stound, i. 165, _hour_.

Stounde, i. 48, _time_; _for awhile_, ii. 11.

Stoup, ii. 117, _stoop_.

Stoup of weir, ii. 115, _a pillar of war_.

Stour, i. 31, 96; stower, i. 66, iii. 26; stowre, i. 49, 74, 168, iii. 14, _strong_, _fierce_, _stir_, _fight_.

This word is applied in the North to signify dust agitated and put in motion, as by the sweeping of a room, &c. P.

Stown, ii. 69, _stolen_.

Stra, ii. 24; strae, ii. 69, iii. 98, _straw_.

Strake, ii. 117, _struck_.

Strekene, i. 29, _stricken_, _struck_.

Stret, _street_.

Strick, i. 322, _strict_.

Strike, _stricken_.

Stroke, i. 28; stroken, i. 228, _struck_.

Strout, iii. 119, _strut_.

Stude, i. 143, iii. 95, _stood_.

Styntyde, i. 30, _stinted_, _stayed_, _stopped_.

Styrande, i. 40, _stirring_.

Styrt, ii. 26, _started_.

Suar, i. 28, 30, _sure_.

Suld, ii. 21, _should_.

Sum, i. 83, 146, ii. 25, _some_.

Summere, iii. 108, _a sumpter horse_.

Sumpters, i. 302, _horses that carry clothes, furniture, &c._

Sune, _soon_.

Surmount, iii. 172, _surpass_.

Suore bi ys chyn, ii. 9, _sworn by his chin_.

Supprised, i. 124, _overpowered_.

Suraunce, ii. 49, _assurance_.

Suthe, ii. 386, _soon_, _quickly_.

Swa, ii. 24, _so_.

Swage, ii. 342, _assuage_; swaged, ii. 180, _assuaged_.

Swapte, i. 29; _swapped_, i. 48, _struck violently_, _exchanged blows_.

Sware, ii. 12, ii. 361, _swearing_, _oath_.

Swarned, ii. 206, _climbed_.

Swarved, ii. 197, _climbed_, _swarmed_.

To swarm, in the midland counties, is to draw oneself up a tree or any other thing, clinging to it with the legs and arms. P.

Swat, i. 29, _did sweat_.

Swear, _sware_.

Swearde, ii. 128, _sword_.

Sweaven, i. 106, ii. 63; sweven, ii. 56, _a dream_.

Sweere, iii. 21, _neck_.

Sweit, iii. 74; swete, ii. 19, _sweet_; sweitly, ii. 212, _sweetly_.

Swepyls, ii. 25,

"a swepyl is that staff of the flail with which the corn is beaten out. Vulg. a supple (called in the midland counties a swindgell, where the other part is termed the hand-staff)." P.

Swerdes, ii. 8, _swords_.

Swiche, i. 430, _such_.

Swith, i. 96, ii. 119, _quickly_, _instantly_, _at once_.

Swound, i. 240, 296, ii. 179, _swoon_.

Swyke, _sigh_.

Swynkers, ii. 19, _labourers_.

Swyppyng, ii. 25, _striking fast_.

Swyving, ii. 8, _wenching_, _lechery_.

Sych, ii. 19, _such_.

Syd, _side_; on sydis shear, i. 25, _on all sides_.

Syn, ii. 16, _since_.

Syne, i. 43, ii. 114, iii. 147, _then_, _afterwards_.

Syns, _since_.

Syschemell, ii. 74, _Ishmael_.

Syth, ii. 38, _since_.

Syyt, ii. 27, _sight_.

Taiken, ii. 118, _taken_.

Tain, iii. 94; taine, i. 59, _taken_.

Tane, i. 289, ii. 193, _taken_.

Tane, iii. 238, _the one_.

Tarbox, ii. 256, _box containing tar for anointing sores in sheep, &c._

Targe, ii. 53, _target_, _shield_.

Tauld, ii. 109, _told_.

Tayne, i. 50, _taken_.

Te, ii. 7, _to_; te-knowe, ii. 11, _to know_; te-make, _to make_.

Te-he, ii. 26, _interjection of laughing_.

Tear, i. 34, _tearing or pulling_.

Teene, i. 162, _vexation_; i. 284, 291, _injury_; iii. 194, _trouble_; teenefu, i. 147, _wrathful_.

Teene, i. 77, _vex_.

Teir, i. 101, _tear_.

Tene, i. 120, _wrath_.

Tenebrus, i. 128, _dark_.

Tent, ii. 83, _heed_.

Termagaunt, i. 85, 96, _the god of the Saracens_.

The old French Romancers, who had corrupted _Termagant_ into _Tervagant_, couple it with the name of Mahomet as constantly as ours; thus in the old _Roman de Blanchardin_,

"Cy guerpison tuit Apolin, Et Mahomet et _Tervagant_."

Hence La Fontaine, with great humour, in his Tale, intitled _La_ _Fiancée du Roy de Garbe_, says,

"Et reniant Mahom, Jupin, et _Tervagant_, Avec maint autre Dieu non moins extravagant."

--_Mem. de l'Acad. des Inscript. tom._ 20, 4to. p. 352.

As _Termagant_ is evidently of Anglo-Saxon derivation and can only be explained from the elements of that language, its being corrupted by the old French Romancers proves that they borrowed some things from ours. P.

Terrene, iii. 299, _earthly_.

Terry, ii. 19, _Thierry_, or a _diminutive of Terence_.

Tester, iii. 206, _teston, or sixpence_.

Tha, ii. 26, _them_.

Thah, ii. 7, _though_.

Thair, ii. 82, iii. 99, _there_.

Tham, ii. 21; thame, i. 84, 102, 146, _them_.

Than, i. 145, 206, _then_.

Thanns, ii. 25, _thence_.

Thay, i. 321, _they_.

Thaym, ii. 23, _them_.

Thayr, ii. 21, _their_.

The, _they_; the wear, i. 29, _they were_.

The, i. 189, ii. 13, _thee_.

The God, ii. 30, _contraction for the_ he (_i.e. high_) God. P.

Thear, i. 33, _there_; i. 29, _their_.

Theder, ii. 19; thedyr, ii. 28, _thither_.

Thee, ii. 97, _thrive_; so mote I thee, ii. 97, _so may I thrive_.

So in Chaucer, _Cant. Tales_, vol. i. p. 308, "God let him never _the_." P.

Then, _than_.

Ther, ii. 21; _there_ i. 289, _their_.

Ther, ii. 23, _where_.

Thes, ii. 19, _these_.

Thether, i. 41, _thither_.

They, i. 78, _the_.

Theyther-ward, _thitherward_, _towards that place_.

Thie, _thy_.

Thii, ii. 386, _they_.

Thilke, ii. 14, _this_.

Thir, ii. 69, _this_, _these_; thir towmonds, ii. 82, _these twelve months_.

Tho, i. 207, _then_; _those_, ii. 39.

Thocht, iii. 94, _thought_.

Thole, ii. 119, _suffer_.

Thore, ii. 13, _there_.

Thorow, ii. 30; thorrow, i. 291, _through_; thorowout, ii. 15, _throughout_.

Thouse, i. 198, _thou art_; _thou shalt_, iii. 131.

Thoust, i. 289, _thou shalt or shouldst_.

Thowe, _thou_.

Thrall, i. 297, ii. 79, _captive_,; _captivity_, i. 75, 135; ii. 256.

Thrang, ii. 115, _throng_; _close_, ii. 69.

Thraste, iii. 216, _thrust_.

Thrawis, _throes_.

Thrawn, ii. 115, _thrown_.

Threape, i. 198, _to argue_, _to affirm or assert in a positive overbearing manner_.

Threven, ii. 133, _thrived_.

Threw, ii. 214, _drew_.

Threw, iii. 238, _thrived_.

Thrie, _three_.

Thrif, _thrive_.

Thrild upon a pinn, iii. 47, _twirled or twisted the door pin_.

Thrittè, i. 34, _thirty_; thritti thou sent, ii. 7, _thirty thousand_.

Thronge, i. 163, _hastened_.

Thropes, iii. 208, _villages_.

Through-girt, ii. 78, _pierced through_.

Throw, iii. 134, _through_.

Thruch, throuch, _through_.

Thrughe, _through_.

Thrustand, ii. 23, _thrusting_.

Thryes, ii. 23, _thrice_.

Thrysse, i. 47, _thrice_.

Thud, ii. 119, _dull sound_.

Tickle, ii. 299, _uncertain_.

Tift, iii. 237, _puff of wind_.

Till, i. 33, 65, 143, ii. 82, _unto_.

Till, i. 94, _entice_.

Timkin, _diminutive of Timothy_.

Tine, i. 64, _lose_; tint, i. 71; ii. 363, _lost_.

Tirled at the pin, iii. 131, _twirled or twisted the door pin_.

Tividale, i. 25, _Teviotdale_.

To, _too_, _two_.

Tokenyng, ii. 22, _token_.

Tomkyn, ii. 19, _diminutive of Thomas_.

To-flatred, ii. 25, _slit_.

To-rente, iii. 356, _rent_.

To-schatred, ii. 25, _shattered_.

To-slatered, ii. 25, _splintered_.

Tone, i. 42, 87, iii. 103, _the one_.

Too-fall, ii. 365, _twilight_.

"Too-fall of the night" seems to be an image drawn from a suspended canopy, so let fall as to cover what is below. (_Mr. Lambe._) P.

Tooken, i. 274, _took_.

Tor, _a tower_; also _a high pointed rock or hill_.

Torn, i. 187, _turn_.

Tothar, i. 31, _the other_.

Tother, i. 87, _the other_.

Toun, i. 143; town, i. 321, _dwelling-house_.

Tow, i. 145, _to let down with a rope_; towd, i. 146, _let down_.

Tow, i. 106; towe, i. 31, 87, _two_.

Towmonds, ii. 82, _twelve months_.

Towyn, i. 41, _town_.

Traitorye, i. 283, 289, ii. 309; traytery, ii. 224, _treason_.

Tre, i. 28, ii. 13, _wood_; i. 30, _staff_.

Tree, i. 291, _ill_.

Trewest, ii. 11, _truest_.

Treytory, i. 124, _treachery_.

Trichard, ii. 7, _treacherous_.

Tricthen (should be trichen), ii. 7, _deceive_.

Triest furth, iii. 94, _draw forth to an assignation_.

Trifulcate, _three forked_, _three pointed_.

Trippand, ii. 27, _tripping_.

Trim, i. 191, _exact_.

Troate, ii. 360, _throat_.

Trogh, ii. 24, _trough_.

Trone, yn trone, i. 43, _enthroned_.

Troth, iii. 131, _truth_, _faith_, _fidelity_; trothles, i. 201, _faithless_.

Trough, trouth, _troth_.

Trouth plyyt, ii. 27, _truth plight_.

Trow, ii. 95, _true_.

Trow, iii. 96; trowe, i. 270, _believe_, _trust_, also _verily_.

Trumped, _boasted_, _told bragging lies_; a trump, _a lie_.

Tuik, i. 322, _took_.

Tuke gude keip, ii. 84, _took good watch_.

Tull, i. 320; for till, _to_.

Tup, ii. 257, _ram_.

Turn, such turn, _such an occasion_.

Turnes a crab, ii. 258, _roasts a crab apple_.

Tush, ii. 57, _tusk_.

Twa, i. 320; ii. 26, _two_.

Twatling, iii. 187, _trifling_.

Twaw, i. 27, _two_.

Twayne, ii. 37, _two_.

Twin'd, i. 59, _parted in two_.

Twirtle twist, ii. 112, _twirled twist_.

Twyes, ii. 23, _twice_.

Tyb, ii. 20, _the diminutive of Isabel_.

Tyll. com the tyll, i. 42, _come unto thee_.

Tyrry, ii. 26. See _Terry_.

Uch, ii. 14, _each_.

Ugsome, _shocking_, _horrible_.

'Um, iii. 333, _them_.

Unbethought, iii. 51, for _bethought_.

Undermeles, iii. 208, _afternoons_.

Undight, i. 309, _undecked_.

Unfeeled, _opened_, a term in falconry.

Unhap, ii. 77, _mishap_.

Unkempt, ii. 77, _uncombed_.

Unmacklye, i. 73, 80, _mis-shapen_.

Unmufit, _undisturbed_.

Unright, ii. 191, _wrong_.

Unsett steven, i. 111, _unappointed time_, _unexpectedly_.

Unsonsie, ii. 116, _unlucky_, _unfortunate_.

Untill, iii. 49; untyll, i. 162, _unto_.

Upo, ii. 70, _upon_.

Ure, iii. 262, _use_.

Uthers, ii. 86, _others_.

Vaints, ii. 289, _faints_.

Vair, ii. 286, _fair_.

Valeies, ii. 41, _valleys_.

Vart, ii. 286, _fart_.

Vazen, ii. 286, for _faith_.

Vellow, ii. 286; vellowe, ii. 287, _fellow_.

Venge, ii. 117, _revenge_.

Venu, iii. 356, _approach_, _coming_.

Verament, i. 25, 28, _truly_.

Vices, i. 129, _devices_.

Vilane, _rascally_.

Vitayle, ii. 42, _victual_.

Vive, ii. 386, _five_.

Vools, ii. 288, _fools_; voolish, ii. 288, _foolish_.

Vor, ii. 286, _for_.

Vorty, ii. 287, _forty_.

Vourteen, ii. 287, _fourteen_.

Voyded, i. 166, _quitted_, _left the place_.

Vrier, ii. 286, _friar_.

Wa, i. 142, 143, ii. 109, iii. 93, 95, _wall_.

Wache, i. 43, _a spy_.

Wad, i. 60, 145, 321, _would_.

Wadded, iii. 7, _light-blue or woad-coloured_.

Wadna, ii. 13, _would not_.

Wae, i. 83, 320, _woe_; waefo', iii. 100; waefu', ii. 110, _woeful_.

Wae worth, i. 145, 322, _woe betide_.

Wald, i. 145; walde, iii. 94, _would_.

Walker, iii. 8, _a fuller of cloth_.

Walowit, ii. 119, _faded_, _withered_.

Waltering, i. 75, ii. 119, _weltering_; waltred, _tumbled or rolled about_.

Waly, iii. 147, _an interjection of lamentation_.

Wame, iii. 238, _womb_, _belly_.

Wan, i. 72, 244; ii. 26, _won_.

Wan near, ii. 120, _drew near_.

Wane, i. 29, _the same as_ ane, _one_, _so_ wone _is one_.

In fol. 355 of Bannatyne's MS. is a short fragment, in which "wane" is used for "ane" or "one," viz.:--

"Amongst the monsters that we find, There's _wane_ belovved of woman-kind, Renowned for antiquity, From Adame drivs his pedigree." P.

The word wane in the text, however, is probably a misreading for mane.

Wanrufe, ii. 83, _uneasy_.

War, i. 25, _aware_.

War ant wys, ii. 11, _wary and wise_.

Ward, ii. 120, _watch_, _sentinel_, _warder_.

Warde, iii. 97, _advise_, _forewarn_.

Ware, i. 43, 107, 158, _aware_.

Ware, i. 306, _wore_.

Ware, iii. 238, _were_.

Warke, _work_.

Warld, ii. 85, _world_; warldis, i. 84, _worlds_.

Waryd, ii. 20, _accursed_.

Waryson, i. 46, _reward_.

Wassel, iii. 27, _drinking_, _good cheer_.

Wat, i. 322, ii. 68, _wet_.

Wat, i. 27, _know_.

Wate, iii. 97, _blamed_. (Preterite of _wyte_, to blame.)

Wauld, iii. 95, _would_.

Wayde, _waved_.

Wayed, iii. 195, _weighed_.

Weal, i. 33, _wail_.

Weale, _well_.

Wear, i. 29, _were_.

Wear-in, iii. 74, _drive in gently_.

Wearifu', ii. 70, _wearisome_, _troublesome_, _tiresome_, _disturbing_.

Weddeen, iii. 236, _wedding_.

Wedder, ii. 83, _weather_.

Wede, ii. 21, _clothing_.

Wedous, i. 33, _widows_.

Wee, ii. 69, _little_.

Weede, iii. 59, _clothing_, _dress_; weeds, i. 88, 246, _garments_.

Weell, iii. 51, _we'll_, _we will_.

Weel, ii. 132; weele, i. 150, _well_.

Weel-faur'd, ii. 139, _well-favoured_.

Weene, i. 193, _think_; ween'd, i. 143; weened, ii. 80; weende, ii. 96, _thought_.

Weete, i. 101, ii. 216, _wet_.

Weet, ii. 95, _know_.

Weids, ii. 364, _cloathing_.

Weil, i. 145, _well_.

Weip, i. 60; weipe, ii. 211, _weep_.

Weir, ii. 115, _war_.

Weird, iii. 224, _witch-like_.

Weit, ii. 231, _wet_.

Wel longe, ii. 13, _very long_.

Wel-awaye, iii. 128, _an interjection of grief_.

Weldynge, _ruling_.

Wele, ii. 24, _well_.

Welkin, iii. 201, _the sky_.

Wem, iii. 303, _spot_.

Wem, iii. 357, _hurt_.

Weme, i. 284, 291, _hollow_.

Wend, i. 156, ii. 13, _go_.

Wend, ii. 85; wende, i. 170, _thought_; wende do, ii. 8, _thought to do_.

Wenden, ii. 12, _go_.

Went, i. 164, _thought_.

Wer, iii. 134, _were_.

Wereth, _defendeth_.

Werke, i. 163, 306, _work_.

Werre, ii. 11, _war_.

Werryed, ii. 65, _worried_.

Wes, ii. 8, _was_.

Westlin, ii. 120, _western_.

Westlings, _whistling_.

Wete, i. 31, _wet_.

Wether, iii. 328, _whether_.

Wex, iii. 238, _wax_, _grow_.

Wha, ii. 71, _who_.

Whair, ii. 69, _where_; whair-eir, ii. 212, _wherever_.

Wham, ii. 11, _whom_.

Whan, i. 318, _when_.

Whang, ii. 70, _a large slice_.

Wheder, ii. 37, _whither_.

Whelyng, ii. 49, _wheeling_.

Whig, i. 299, ii. 256, _sour whey_, _buttermilk_.

While, _until_.

Whilk, ii. 71, _which_.

Whirry, iii. 202, _laugh_.

Whittles, _knives_.

Whoard, i. 214, _hoard_.

Whorles (see spindles).

Whyll, i. 48, _while_.

Whyllys, i. 30, _whilst_.

Wi', ii. 68, _with_.

Wight, i. 63, 65, 72, 191, _man_, _human being_.

Wight, i. 107, 288, _strong_, _lusty_.

Wightlye, i. 64, 78, _swiftly_, _vigorously_.

Wighty, i. 106, 147; wightye, i. 161, _strong_, _active_.

Wild-worme, iii. 30, 36, _serpent_.

Wildings, ii. 257, _wild or crab apples_.

Wilfull, i. 110, _ignorant_.

Windar, iii. 302, _a kind of hawk_.

Windling, _winding_.

Winna, iii. 96; winnae, i. 59, 144, _will not_.

Winyard, iii. 297, _long knife or short cutlass_.

Winsome, i. 323, ii. 70, 363, _agreeable_, _engaging_.

Wirk, ii. 83, _do_.

Wis, i. 269, _know_; wist, i. 72, iii. 148, _knew_.

Witchd, iii. 24, _bewitched_.

Withouten, i. 126; withowtten, i. 41; withowghten, i. 40, 43, _without_.

Wive, ii. 255, _marry_.

Wo, ii. 81, 86, _woe_.

Wobster, ii. 131, _webster_, _weaver_.

Wod, ii. 82; wode, i. 122, 160, 163, _mad_, _wild_.

Wod, iii. 94; wode, i. 156, ii. 37, _wood_.

Wodewarde, ii. 43, _towards the wood_.

Woe-man, _a sorrowful man_.

Woe worth, ii. 215, _woe be to thee_.

Wolden, i. 274, _would_.

Woll, ii. 24, _wool_.

Wolle, ii. 38, _will_.

Won, ii. 49, _wont_, _usage_.

Won'd, i. 306, _dwelt_.

Wonde, wounde, _winded_.

Wonders, _wondrous_.

Wondersly, i. 125, _wondrously_.

Wone, i. 31, _one_.

Wonne, _dwell_.

Woo, i. 28, _woe_.

Wood, i. 145, ii. 145; woode, iii. 57, _mad_, _furious_.

Wood-wroth, iii. 238, _furiously enraged_.

Woodweele, i. 106, _the golden ouzle_, _a bird of the thrush kind_.

Worm, iii. 30, 36, _serpent_.

Worship, i. 121, _honour_.

Worshipfully frended, _of worshipful friends_.

Wot, i. 69; wott, ii. 139, _know_; wotes, i. 219, _knows_.

Wouche, i. 28, _mischief_, _wrong_.

Wowe, i. 300, _woo_.

Wow, iii. 75, _who_.

Wow, ii. 22, _vow_.

Wrack, i. 296; wracke, iii. 41, _wreck_, _ruin_, _destruction_; wracked, iii. 117, _wrecked_.

Wrang, i. 147, _wrung_.

Wrange, i. 41, _wrong_.

Wreake, ii. 135, _pursue revengefully_.

Wrench, ii. 81, 86, _wretchedness_.

Wringe, i. 122, _to contend with violence_.

Writhe, i. 286, _writhed_, _twisted_.

Wroken, i. 106, 147, _revenged_.

Wrong, i. 166, _wrung_.

Wrotyn, ii. 22, _wrought_.

Wrouyt, ii. 30, _wrought_.

Wry, ii. 49, _turn aside_.

Wul, i. 83, 143; wull, iii. 235, _will_.

Wych, i. 44, _which_.

Wyld, i. 24, _wild deer_.

Wynn ther haye, i. 40, _gather in their hay_.

Wynne, i. 43, ii. 20, _joy_, _pleasure_.

Wynne, iii. 279, _heard_.

Wynnen, ii. 12, _win_, _gain_.

Wyrch wyselyer, ii. 24, _work more wisely_.

Wysse, ii. 12, 14, _teach_, _govern_.

Wyst, ii. 26; wyste, i. 25, _knew_.

Wyt, _know_; wyt wold I, ii. 20, _know would I_.

Wyte, iii. 97, _blame_.

Y, ii. 12, _I_; y singe, ii. 11, _I sing_.

Y-beare, ii. 57, _bear_; y-boren, ii. 8, _borne_.

Y-bent, _bent_.

Y-built, iii. 272, _built_.

Y-cald, iii. 374, _called_.

Y-chesyled, i. 129, _chiselled_.

Y-cleped, i. 326, _named_, _called_.

Y-con'd, i. 306, _taught_, _instructed_.

Y-core, ii. 12, _chosen_.

Y-fere, ii. 76, _together_.

Y-founde, ii. 13, _found_.

Y-mad, ii. 13, _made_.

Y-picking, i. 307, _picking_, _culling_.

Y-slaw, i. 175, _slain_.

Y-told, iii. 374, _told_.

Y-were, i. 87, _were_.

Y-wis, i. 132; ii. 12, _verily_.

Y-wonne, ii. 13, _won_.

Y-wrought, i. 306; iii. 275, _wrought_.

Y-yote, ii. 14, _cast_.

Yae, iii. 237, _each_.

Yalping, ii. 170, _yelping_.

Yaned, iii. 357, _yawned_.

Yate, i. 92; iii. 62, _gate_; yates, i. 144.

Yave, i. 272, _gave_.

Ych, i. 31, 48; ycha, ii. 23, _each_, _every_.

Ych, ii. 26, _same_.

Ycholde, ii. 12, _I would_.

Ychone, i. 49, _each one_.

Ychulle, iii. 363, _I shall_.

Ydle, _idle_.

Yeaning, ii. 257, _bringing forth young_.

Yearded, ii. 384, _buried_, _earthed_.

Yeats, iii. 93, _gates_.

Yebent, i. 28, _bent_.

Yede, ii. 21, 44, _went_.

Yee, _eye_.

Yef, ii. 12, _if_.

Yeid, ii. 81, _went_.

Yeir, i. 101, _year_.

Yeme, ii. 12, _take care of_, _govern_.

Yender, _yonder_.

Yenoughe, i. 28, 34, _enough_.

Yent, ii. 11, _through_.

Yerarchy, i. 126, _hierarchy_.

Yerle, i. 26, 28, 29, 48, _earl_; yerlle, i. 40, 44, 49.

Yerly, i. 24, _early_.

Yerly, i. 440, _yearly_.

Ye's, ii. 132; ye'se, iii. 134, _ye shall_.

Yestreen, ii. 111, _last evening_.

Yet, ii. 20, _still_.

Yf, ii. 23, _though_.

Ygnoraunce, i. 441, _ignorance_.

Ying, iii. 374; yinge, iii. 374, _young_.

Yit, _yet_.

Ylk, ii. 26, _same_.

Yll, ii. 36, _ill_.

Ylythe, _listen_.

Yn, ii. 9, _house_.

Yngglishe, i. 28, 47, 50, _English_.

Ynglonde, i. 27, 32, 34, 43, _England_.

Ynough, i. 155, _enough_.

Yode, iii. 67, _went_.

Yond, i. 285; ii. 191; yonds, i. 291, _yonder_.

Yong, i. 271; yonge, ii. 38, _young_.

Youd, iii. 48, _went_.

Youle, i. 274, 290, _you will_.

Your lane, iii. 94, _alone_, _by yourself_.

Youst, i. 290, _you will_.

Yow, ii. 16, _you_.

Ys, i. 189; ii. 14, _is_; ii. 12, _his_.

Yt, _it_.

Yth, i. 25, _in the_.

Yule, ii. 229, _Christmas_.

* * * * *

[In several of the poems Percy used the letter z to represent the Anglo-Saxon character [gh], but as this is incorrect, and, moreover, gives rise to a very frequent mispronunciation, the z has been replaced by y in this edition, and several words have therefore been left out that occurred in the original glossary.]

* * * * *

Zacring bell, ii. 288, _sacring bell_,

a little bell rung to give notice of the elevation of the host. P.

Zaints, ii. 289, _saints_.

Zaw, ii. 290, _saw_.

Zay, ii. 287, _say_.

Zee, ii. 286, _see_; zeene, ii. 287 _seen_.

Zelf, ii. 287, _self_.

Zet, ii. 289, _set_.

Zhall, ii. 288, _shall_.

Zhowe, ii. 288, _show_.

Zinging, ii. 289, _singing_.

Zmell, ii. 286, _smell_.

Zo, ii. 289, _so_.

Zold, ii. 287, _sold_.

Zometimes, ii. 286, _sometimes_.

Zon, ii. 290, _son_.

Zorrow, ii. 289, _sorrow_.

Zorts, ii. 286, _sorts_.

Zubtil, ii. 290, _subtil_.

Zuch, ii. 288, _such_.

Zure, ii. 288, _sure_.

Zweet, ii. 289, _sweet_.

[Illustration]

[Illustration]

INDEX TO THE THREE VOLUMES.

The Titles of the various Poems included in the _Reliques_ are distinguished from the other entries by being printed in italics.

_A, Robyn, jolly Robyn_, I. 185-187.

_Adam Bell, Clym of the Clough, and William of Cloudesley_, I. 153-179.

_Admiral Hosier's Ghost_, II. 367-371.

_Aged Lover renounceth Love_, by Lord Vaux, I. 179-182.

_Agincourt, For the Victory of_, II. 29-31.

_Alcanzor and Zayda_, translated by Percy, I. 338-342.

_Aldingar_ (_Sir_), II. 54-67. ---- Version from the folio MS. II. 61-67.

Alexandrine or Anapestic verse, II. 386.

Alfred the Great as a Harper, I. 399.

Alliterative metre without rhyme, II. 377-394.

_Althea_ (_To_) _from Prison_, II. 321-323.

_Ambree_ (_Mary_), II. 231-237. ---- Version from the folio MS. II. 235-237.

"Amys and Amelion," III. 373.

Anderson (John), the town crier of Kelso, II. 132.

_Argentile and Curan_, II. 252-262.

Arthour and Merlin, Romance of, III. 369.

Arthur (King), Poems on, III. 3-43. ---- King Arthur and the King of Cornwall, III. 367. ---- _Legend of King Arthur_, III. 3-43. ---- _King Arthur's Death, a Fragment_, III. 27-35. ---- ---- Version from the folio MS. III. 35-39. ---- Le Morte Arthure, III. 366

_As ye came from the Holy Land_, II. 101-103. ---- Copy from the folio MS. 104-105.

_Auld_ (_The_) _Good-man_, III. 122-124.

_Baffled Knight, or Lady's Policy_, II. 336-342.

_Bailiff's Daughter of Islington_, III. 135-137.

_Balet by the Earl of Rivers_, II. 48-49.

_Ballad of Constant Susanna_, I. 209.

_Ballad of Luther, the Pope, a Cardinal, and a Husbandman_, II. 125-130.

Ballads and Ballad-Writers, I. xxiv.-xliv. ---- Imitators and Forgers of, I. xliv.-xlviii. ---- Authenticity of certain, I. xlviii.-lviii. ---- Preservers of the, I. lviii.-lxxii. ---- Collections of printed, I. lxiii.-lxv. ---- "Collection of old Ballads," I. lxix. ---- that illustrate Shakespeare, I. 151-246. ---- Ballad Literature since Percy, I. xci.-xcvii. ---- Meaning of the word ballad, I. xxx. 423. ---- Ballad-singers, I. xxxiii.-xxxiv.

Balowe, II. 209-213.

Bannatyne MS. I. lxii.

_Barbara Allan, Sir John Grehme and_, III. 133-135.

_Barbara Allen's Cruelty_, III. 128-130.

Bards, successors of the ancient, I. 385.

_Barton_ (_Sir Andrew_), II. 188-208. ---- Version from the folio MS. II. 201-208.

_Battle of Otterbourne_, I. 35-54.

Beaumont and Fletcher, _Farewell to Love_, I. 310.

_Bedlam, Old Tom of_, II. 344-347.

_Bednall Green, Beggar's Daughter of_, II. 171-185.

Bedwell (William), II. 19.

_Beggar's Daughter of Bednall Green_, II. 171-185.

"Belesant (Lady), the Duke of Lombardy's fair Daughter," III. 373.

"Bevis (Sir) of Hampton," referred to, III. 215, 265, 279, 357, 365.

_Birth of St. George_, III. 215-224.

Blondell de Nesle, the Minstrell, I. 359.

Bodwell (Earle), II. 215-218.

Bohemia, Elizabeth, Queen of, II. 312.

Bolle (Sir John), II. 247.

Bond-story in the "Merchant of Venice," I. 211.

_Bonny Earl of Murray_, II. 226-228.

Bosville's (Godfrey), explanation of the "Dragon of Wantley," III. 281.

_Bothwell's (Lady Anne) Lament_, II. 209-213.

_Boy and the Mantle_, III. 3-12.

_Boy and the Mantle, as revised and altered by a modern hand_, III. 315-323.

_Braes of Yarrow_, II. 362-367.

Brandon's (Charles) livery and device, III. 167 (note).

_Brave Lord Willoughbey_, II. 238-241.

Breton (Nicholas), III. 67, 80.

_Bride's Burial_, III. 148-152.

_Bridges, Gascoigne's Praise of the Fair_, II. 150-154.

Brown, Epithet applied to a sword, I. 122.

Brown (Mrs.) of Falkland, I. lxvi.

_Bryan and Pereene_, by J. Grainger, I. 328-331.

Cadiz, Taking of, by the English, II. 243.

Caliburn, King Arthur's Sword, III. 32.

Carew (Thomas), _Unfading Beauty_, III. 239.

Carey (Henry), _Distracted Lover_, II. 355-357.

Carle of Carlisle, III. 367.

"Carre (Captain)", from the folio MS. I. 148-150.

_Cauline_ (_Sir_), I. 61-81. ---- Copy from the folio MS. I. 76-81.

Chambers (Robert), "Romantic Scottish Ballads" noticed, I. l.

_Character of a Happy Life_, by Sir H. Wotton, I. 317-318.

_Charing-Cross, Downfall of_, II. 323-326.

_Charles I., Verses by_, II. 329-326.

_Chaucer, Original Ballad by_, II. 14-16.

"Chevalere Assigne," an alliterative romance, II. 381; III. 369.

Cheviot Hills, the scene of Chevy Chase, I. 254.

_Chevy Chase, the Ancient Ballad of_, I. 19-35. ---- ---- Names mentioned in, I. 51-52. ---- _The more Modern Ballad of_, I. 249-264. ---- ---- Names mentioned in, I. 263-264.

_Child of Elle_, I. 131-139. ---- Copy from the folio MS. I. 138-139.

_Child Waters_, III. 58-65.

_Children in the Wood_, III. 169-176.

Chylde Ipomydon, a Romance, III. 371.

Clym of the Clough, I. 153.

Clyne (Norval) on the authenticity of _Sir Patrick Spence_, I. lii.

_Complaint of Conscience_, II. 279-285.

_Constant Penelope_, III. 261-264.

_Cophetua_ (_King_) _and the Beggar-Maid_, I. 189-194.

Coppe, an enthusiast, II. 349 (note).

Corbet (Bishop Richard), _Fairies Farewell_, III. 207-213. ---- _The Distracted Puritan_, II. 347-351.

_Corin's Fate_, II. 262-263.

_Corydon's Doleful Knell_, II. 274-276.

_Corydon's Farewell to Phillis_, I. 209-211.

_Courtier, Old and Young_, II. 314-318.

Crants, Ophelia's virgin, III. 152 (note).

_Cromwell_ (_Thomas Lord_), II. 71-75.

Cunningham's (Allan) forged Ballads, I. xlvi.

_Cupid, Hue and Cry after_, III. 159-161.

_Cupid and Campaspe, by John Lilye_, III. 85-86.

_Cupid's Assault, by Lord Vaux_, II. 50-53.

_Cupid's Pastime_, I. 314-317.

Cymmortha in Wales, I. xix.

Daniel (S.), _Ulysses and the Syren_, I. 311-314.

Darnley, Ballad on his Murder, II. 213-218.

_Dawson_ (_Jemmy_), II. 371-374.

"Death and Life," an alliterative Poem, II. 383.

Degree (Sir), a Romance, III. 371.

Deloney (Thomas), Ballad-Writer, I. xxxviii. ---- _Sir Lancelot du Lake_, I. 204-209. ---- _The King of France's Daughter_, III. 161-168. ---- _The Winning of Cales_, II. 243-246.

_Dido_ (_Queen_), III. 191-196.

"Dioclesian, the Emperour," III. 373.

_Distracted Lover_, II. 355-357.

_Distracted Puritan_, II. 347-351.

Douglas, Heraldic Arms of the House of, I. 47.

_Downfall of Charing Cross_, II. 323-326.

_Dowsabell_, by Michael Drayton, I. 304-310.

_Dragon of Wantley_, III. 279-288.

Drayton (Michael), _Dowsabell_, I. 304-310.

_Dulcina_, III. 153-155.

D'Urfey (Tom), _Frantic Lady_, II. 357-358. ---- _Lady distracted with Love_, II. 354-355.

Dyer (Sir E.), _My Mind to Me a Kingdom is_, I. 294-298.

_Dyttie to Hey Downe_, III. 44-45.

_Edom o'Gordon_, I. 140-150. ---- Copy from the folio MS. I. 148-150.

_Edward, Edward, a Scottish Ballad_, I. 82-84.

_Edward I., on the Death of_, II. 10-14.

_Edward IV. and Tanner of Tamworth_, II. 92-100.

Edwards (Richard) _A Song to the Lute in Musicke_, I. 187-189.

"Eger and Grime," III. 368.

"Eglamour of Artas," a Romance, III. 370.

_Eleanor's_ (_Queen_) _Confession_, II. 164-168.

Elderton (William), Ballad-Writer, I. xxxvii. ---- his Ballad, _King of Scots and Andrew Browne_, II. 221-225.

_Elizabeth_ (_Queen_), _Sonnet_ by, II. 218-220.

_---- Verses while Prisoner at Woodstock_, II. 137-138.

Emanuel College, Cambridge, II. 348 (note).

Emarè, Romance of, III. 369.

Erasmus, Colloquy on Pilgrimages, II. 86.

_Estmere (King)_, I. 85-98.

"Every Man," I. 433.

_Ew-bughts, Marion, a Scottish Song_, III. 74-75.

Excalibar, King Arthur's Sword, III. 32.

_Fair Margaret and Sweet William_, III. 124-127.

_Fair Rosamond_, II. 154-164.

_Fairies Farewell_, III. 207-211.

Fairy, Way to Get a, III. 210.

_Fairy Queen_, III. 204-207.

_Fancy and Desire, by the Earl of Oxford_, II. 185-187.

_Farewell to Love_, I. 310.

"Fit," meaning of a, I. xxiii.; II. 182.

"Florence (Le bone) of Rome," III. 373.

Folio MS. and the _Reliques_, I. lxxxi.-xci., 5-6.

Four Elements, Interlude of the, I. 441.

_France's_ (_King of_) _Daughter_, III. 161-168.

_Frantic Lady_, II. 357, 358.

_Friar of Orders Gray_, I. 242-246.

_Frolicksome Duke, or the Tinker's good Fortune_, I. 238-242.

Funeral Garlands, III. 152 (note).

_Gaberlunyie Man_, II. 67-71.

Garlands of Ballads, I. 423.

Garlands (Funeral), III. 152 (note).

_Gascoigne's Praise of the Fair Bridges_, II. 150-154.

Gawain, the Duke and, III. 367.

---- and the Greene Knight, III. 367.

---- "Sir Gawan and Sir Galaron of Galloway," metrical Romance, III. 375.

---- "Gawan and Gologras," metrical Romance, III. 375.

---- _Marriage of Sir Gawayne_, III. 13-24.

---- ---- Ancient Fragment from the folio MS. 323-330.

_Gentle Herdsman, tell to me_, II. 86-92.

_Gentle River, Gentle River_, translated by Percy, I. 331-338.

_George_ (_St._ ), _Birth of_, III. 215-224.

_---- and the Dragon_, III. 224-232.

_---- for England_, the first part, III. 288-293.

---- ---- the second part, by John Grubb, III. 293-308.

_George Barnwell_, III. 240-252.

_Gernutus the Jew of Venice_, I. 211-220.

_Gil Morrice_, III. 91-100.

---- Version from the folio MS. 100-103.

_Gilderoy_, I. 318-323.

_Glasgerion_, III. 45-49.

---- the Harper, I. 396.

Gleemen, I. 392.

Glover (R.), _Admiral Hosier's Ghost_, II. 367-371.

_Good-Man, The Auld_, III. 122-124.

Graham (David) of Fintray, II. 229.

Grainger (J.), _Bryan and Pereene_, I. 328-331.

Gramarye, on the word, I. 96.

"Green Knight," III. 367.

Greenham (Richard), II. 350 (note).

_Grehme_ (_Sir John_), _and Barbara Allan_, III. 133-135.

Grubb (John), _St. George for England_, the second part, III. 293-308.

Guy of Gisborne, I. 102.

_Guy_ (_Sir_), _Legend of_, III. 107-113.

---- Romance of, III. 364.

---- Two Poems on Guy of Warwick, III. 364.

_Guy and Amarant_, III. 114-121.

Guy and Colbronde, Romance of, III. 364.

Hamilton (W.), _The Braes of Yarrow_, II. 362-367.

_Hardyknute, a Scottish Fragment_, II. 105-121.

_Harpalus, an Ancient English Pastoral_, II. 75-79.

Harpers and Minstrels, I. 390.

Harrington, _Witch of Wokey_, I. 325-328.

Hawes (Stephen) _Tower of Doctrine_, I. 127-130.

Hawker (Rev. R. S.), Imitator of the Old Ballad, I. xlv.

_Heir of Linne_, II. 138-150.

---- Version from the folio MS. II. 147-150.

Henry II. and the Miller of Mansfield, III. 178-188.

Henryson (Robert) _Robin and Makyne_, II. 79-86.

_Hey Downe, Dyttie to_, III. 44-45.

"Hick Scorner," I. 435.

Hock Tuesday, Coventry Play of, I. 445.

Holy-land, As Ye Came from the, II. 101-105.

---- Version from the folio MS. II. 104-105.

Horne Childe, Romance of, III. 363.

_Hosier's_ (_Admiral_) _Ghost_, II. 367-371.

Howleglas, Merye Jest of, I. 431.

_Hue and Cry after Cupid_, III. 159-161.

Hugh of Lincoln, Story of, I. 54.

Humbledon, Battle of, I. 35.

Ipomydon, a Romance, III. 371.

Ipotis, Poem of, III. 364.

_Isabella's_ (_Lady_) _Tragedy_, III 155-158.

Isenbras (Sir), Romance of, III. 369.

Islington, III. 135.

James V. _Gaberlunyie Man_, II. 67-71.

James I. of England, _Verses by_, II. 300-302.

_---- King of Scots and Andrew Browne_, II. 221-225.

_Jane Shore_, II. 263-273.

_Jealousy, Spanish Virgin, or Effects of_, III. 255-259.

_Jealousy Tyrant of the Mind_, III. 260.

_Jemmy Dawson_, II. 371-374.

_Jephthah, Judge of Israel_, I. 182-185.

_Jew's Daughter_, I. 54-60.

Jews supposed to crucify Christian Children, I. 54.

_John_ (_King_) _and the Abbot of Canterbury_, II. 303-312.

---- Version from the folio MS. II. 308-312.

_John Anderson my Jo_, II. 131-133.

"John the Reeve," referred to, II. 93, 179.

Johnson (Richard), Ballad-Writer, I. xxxix.

Jonson (Ben.) _A Hue and Cry after Cupid_, III. 159-161.

_---- The Sweet Neglect_, III. 169.

_---- The Witches' Song_, III. 196-199.

King (Francis), the Skipton Minstrel, I. xxiii.

_King and Miller of Mansfield_, III. 178-188.

_King Arthur's Death_, III. 27-35.

---- Version from the folio MS. III. 35-39.

_King Cophetua and the Beggar-Maid_, I. 189-194.

_King Estmere_, I. 85-98.

_King Leir and his Three Daughters_, I. 231-237.

_King Ryence's Challenge_, III. 24-27.

_King of France's Daughter_, III. 161-168.

_King of Scots, Murder of the_, II. 213-218.

_King of Scots and Andrew Browne_, II. 221-225.

"King of Tars," III. 374.

_Knight and Shepherd's Daughter_, III. 76-80.

"Knight of Courtesy and the Lady of Faguel," III. 372.

_Lady Distracted with Love_, II. 354, 355.

_Lady turned Serving-Man_, III. 86-90.

_Lady Anne Bothwell's Lament_, II. 209-213.

_Lady Isabella's Tragedy_, III. 155-158.

_Lady's Fall_, III. 139-145.

Laing's (David) Opinion on the Authenticity of _Sir Patrick Spence_, I. xlix.

Lambewell (Sir), Romance of, III. 368.

_Lancelot (Sir) du Lake_, I. 204-209.

Langland's Visions of Pierce Plowman, II. 377-394.

Launfal (Sir), a Romance, III. 368.

"Lay of Erie of Thoulouse," III. 372.

_Legend of King Arthur_, III. 39-43.

_Legend of Sir Guy_, III. 107-113.

Legh (Sir Urias), II. 247.

_Leir (King) and his Three Daughters_, I. 231-237.

Levison (Sir Richard), II. 247.

Libius Disconius, analysis of the Romance of, III. 358, 366.

_Lilli Burlero_, II. 358-362.

Lilly (John), _Cupid and Campaspe_, III. 85-86.

_Little John Nobody_, II. 133-137.

_Little Musgrave and Lady Barnard_, III. 68-74.

_Lord Thomas and Fair Annet_, III. 234-238.

_Lord Thomas and Fair Ellinor_, III. 82-85.

_Love will find out a Way_, III. 232-234.

Lovelace (Richard), _To Althea from Prison_, II. 321-323.

---- _To Lucasta on Going to the Wars_, III. 264-265.

_Lover (A) of Late_, III. 177-178.

_Loyalty Confined_, II. 326-329.

_Lucasta (To) on Going to the Wars_, III. 264-265.

_Lucy and Colin_, III. 312-315.

_Lunatic Lover_, II. 351-353.

_Luther, the Pope, a Cardinal, and a Husbandman, a Ballad of_, II. 125-130.

Lusty Juventus, Interlude of, I. 442.

_Lye (The), by Sir Walter Raleigh_, II. 297-300.

Mad Songs-- 1. Old Tom of Bedlam, II. 344-347. 2. The Distracted Puritan, II. 347-351. 3. The Lunatic Lover, II. 351-353. 4. The Lady Distracted with Love, II. 354-355. 5. The Distracted Lover, II. 355-357. 6. The Frantic Lady, II. 357-358.

Mahound, on the word, I. 97.

Maid Marian, III. 186.

Maitland MS. I. lxii.

Mallet (D.), _Margaret's Ghost_, III. 308-312.

MS. (Folio) and the _Reliques_, I. lxxxi.-xci, 5-6.

_Margaret_ (_Fair_) _and Sweet William_, III. 124-127.

_Margaret's Ghost_, III. 308-312.

Marlowe's (C.), _Passionate Shepherd to his Love_, I. 220-224.

_Marriage of Sir Gawayne_, III. 13-24.

---- Ancient Fragment from the folio MS. III. 323-330.

_Mary Ambree_, II. 231-237.

---- Version from folio MS. II. 235-237.

"Merchant of Venice," Bond-Story in, I. 211.

Merline, Romance of, III. 369.

"Milky Way," Names of, II. 88.

Miller of Mansfield, King and, III. 178-188.

Minstrels, I. xiii.-xxiv.

---- Essay on the Ancient, in England, I. 343-381.

---- ---- Notes on, I. 382-430.

Mirrour for Magistrates, I. 444.

Montfort (Simon de), Earl of Leicester, II. 3.

More of More-Hall, III. 283.

_Morrice_ (_Gil_), III. 91-100.

---- Version from the folio MS. III. 100-103.

Morte Arthure, III. 366.

Munday (Anthony), Ballad-Writer, I. xxxix.

_Murder of the King of Scots_, II. 213-218.

_Murray, The Bonny Earl of_, II. 226-228.

_Musgrave_ (_Little_) _and Lady Barnard_, III. 68-74.

_My Mind to me a Kingdom is_, I. 294-298.

"New (The) Custom," I. 444.

_Northumberland_ (_Henry, 4th Earl of_), _Elegy on_, by Skelton, I. 117-126.

Northumberland (Thomas, 7th Earl of), I. 266.

_Northumberland betrayed by Douglas_, I. 279-288.

---- Version from the folio MS. I. 289-294.

Northumberland (Elizabeth Duchess of), Dedications to, I. 1-3.

Norton (Richard) and his Sons, I. 267, 270.

_Not-Browne Mayd_, II. 31-47.

_O Nancy wilt thou go with me_, I. lxxii.

"Octavian Imperator," a Romance, III. 370.

_Old and Young Courtier_, II. 314-318.

_Old Robin of Portingale_, III. 50-54.

---- Version from the folio MS. III. 55-58.

_Old Tom of Bedlam_, II. 344-347.

_Otterbourne, The Battle of_, I. 35-54.

"Otuel, a Knight," III. 374.

"Owain Myles," III. 370.

Oxford (Edward Vere, Earl of), _Fancy and Desire_, II. 185-187.

Parker (Martin), Royalist Ballad-Writer, I. xl.

_Passionate Shepherd to his Love_, I. 220-224.

_Patient Countess_, I. 298-304.

_Penelope, Constant_, III. 261-264.

Pepperden, Battle of, I. 252.

Percy (Bishop Thomas), Life of, I. lxxi.-lxxx.

---- Portraits of, I. lxxx.

_---- Friar of Orders Gray_, I. 242-246.

Perkins (William), II. 350 (note).

_Phillida and Corydon_, III. 66-68.

Pierce Plowman's Visions, alliterative Metre without Rhyme in, II. 377-394.

Pipers (Town) of Scotland, I. xx.

_Plain Truth and Blind Ignorance_, II. 285-290.

Politick Maid, II. 337.

Popham (Sir John), II. 247.

Portugal, Voyage to, 1588, III. 176.

Prior's Henry and Emma, II. 31.

Pucke, alias Hobgoblin, III. 199.

_Puritan, the Distracted_, II. 347-351.

_Queen Dido_, III. 191-196.

Rahere, the King's Minstrel, I. 406.

Raleigh (Sir Walter), _The Lye_, II. 297-300.

_---- The Nymph's Reply_, I. 233-224.

"Reliques," first publication of the, I. lxxv., lxxxix.

---- Sources of the, I. lxxxi.-xci.

Rembrun, Romance of, III. 365.

"Richard Cure de Lyon, Historye of," III. 356, 372.

_Richard of Almaigne_, II. 3-10.

_Rising in the North_, I. 266-274.

---- Version from the folio MS. I. 274-278.

Risp, or Tirling-pin, III. 47 (note).

Ritson's Attack upon Percy, I. xiv.

Rivers (Earl of), _Balet_, II. 45-49.

"Robert, Kynge of Cysill," III. 373.

_Robin_ (_Old_) _of Portingale_, III. 50-54.

---- Version from the folio MS. III. 55-58.

_Robin and Makyne, an Ancient Scottish Pastoral_, II. 79-86.

_Robin Good-Fellow_, III. 199-204.

_Robin Hood and Guy of Gisborne_, I. 102-116.

Robin Redbreast, popular belief relating to, III. 171-176.

_Robyn_ (_A_), _jolly Robyn_, I. 185-187.

Rolricht Stones, III. 302.

Romances, on the Ancient Metrical, III. 339-376.

Rondeau or Roundel, II. 14.

_Rosamond_ (_Fair_), II. 154-164.

Roxburghe Ballads, I. lxiii.

_Ryence's_ (_King_) _Challenge_, III. 24-27.

_Sale of Rebellious Household-Stuff_, II. 332-336.

_Sandes (Lady)_, II. 150.

Scott (Sir Walter) on the Controversy between Percy and Ritson, I. xiv.

"Scottish Feilde," an alliterative Poem, II. 384.

"Sege of Jerusalem," an alliterative Poem, II. 381; III. 369.

Shakespeare, Ballads that illustrate, I. 151-246.

_---- Take those Lips away_, I. 230.

_---- Youth and Age_, I. 237-238.

Sheale (Richard), the Preserver of _Chevy Chase_, I. xviii. 19.

Shenstone (W.), _Jemmy Dawson_, II. 371-374.

_Shepherd's Address to his Muse_, III. 80-81.

_Shepherd's Resolution_, III. 188-191.

Shirley (J.), _Death's Final Conquest_, I. 264-265.

_---- Victorious Men of Earth_, II. 242.

_Shore_ (_Jane_), II. 263-273.

Sir, the title applied to Priests, I. 116.

_Sir Aldingar_, II. 54-67.

---- Version from the folio MS. II. 61-67.

_Sir Andrew Barton_, II. 188-208.

---- Version from the folio MS. II. 201-208.

_Sir Cauline_, I. 61-81.

---- Copy from the folio MS. I. 76-81.

Sir Degree, Degare or Degore, a Romance, III. 371.

Sir Gawan and Sir Galaron of Galloway, metrical Romance, III. 375.

Sir Isenbras, Romance of, III. 369.

_Sir John Grehme and Barbara Allan_, III. 133-135.

_Sir John Suckling's Campaigne_, II. 318-321.

_Sir Lancelot du Lake_, I. 204-209.

_Sir Patrick Spence_, I. 98-102.

---- Authenticity of, I. xlviii.

Skeat (Rev. W. W.) on the Essay on Alliterative Metre, II. 394.

Skelton's (John) _Elegy on Henry, fourth Earl of Northumberland_, I. 117-126.

Soldan or Sowdan, on the words, I. 98.

_Song to the Lute in Musicke_, I. 187-189.

_Sonnet by Queen Elizabeth_, II. 218-220.

Soules (The) Errand, II. 297-300.

Spanish Ballads, I. 331.

_Spanish Lady's Love_, II. 247-251.

_Spanish Virgin, or Effects of Jealousy_, III. 255-259.

Squyr of Lowe Degre, a Romance, III. 372.

Stage, on the Origin of the English, I. 431-458.

_Stedfast Shepherd_, III. 253-255.

_Sturdy Rock_, II. 169-170.

Suckling (Sir John), _Why so Pale_, II. 343-344.

_---- Sir John Suckling's Campaigne_, II. 318-321.

Surtees (Robert), Forger of Old Ballads, I. xlvii.

Susanna, Ballad of Constant, I. 209.

_Sweet Neglect_, III. 169.

_Sweet William, Fair Margaret and_, III. 124-127.

_Sweet William's Ghost_, III. 130-133.

Syr Triamore, a Romance, III. 371.

Taillefer the Minstrel, I. xvi. 403.

_Take those Lips away_, I. 230.

_Take thy old Cloak about thee_, I. 195-198.

"Taming of the Shrew," Story of the induction to, I. 238.

Tearne-Wadling no longer a lake, III. 14 (note).

Termagaunt, on the word, I. 96.

_Thomas_ (_Lord_) _and Fair Annet_, III. 234-238.

_Thomas_ (_Lord_) _and Fair Ellinor_, III. 82-85.

Thoms (W. J.), Note on the _Reliques_, I. lxxxviii.

Thorn (M.), _Sturdy Rock_, II. 169-170.

"Thoulouse, Lay of Erle of," III. 372.

Tickell (Thomas), _Lucy and Colin_, III. 312-315.

Tirling Pin or Risp, III. 47 (note).

_Titus Andronicus's Complaint_, I. 224-229.

_Tom_ (_Old_) _of Bedlam_, II. 344-347.

_Tottenham, Turnament of_, II. 17-28.

_Tower of Doctrine_, by Stephen Hawes, I. 127-130.

Triamore (Syr), a Romance, III. 371.

Turke and Gawain, III. 367.

_Turnament of Tottenham_, II. 17-28.

Turnewathelan, III. 375.

Tutbury Court of Minstrels, I. 368.

_Ulysses and the Syren_, by S. Daniel, I. 311-314.

_Unfading Beauty_, III. 239.

_Valentine and Ursine_, III. 265-279.

Vaux (Thomas, Lord), _Cupid's Assault_, II. 50-53.

_---- The Aged Lover renounceth Love_, I. 179-182.

_Verses by K. James I._, II. 300-302.

_Verses by K. Charles I._, II. 329-332.

_Victorious Men of Earth_, II. 242.

Waits attached to Corporate Towns, I. xvi.

Walsingham, Shrine of the Virgin at, II. 86, 101.

_Wandering Jew_, II. 291-296.

_Wantley, Dragon of_, III. 279-288.

_Wanton Wife of Bath_, III. 333-338.

_Waly Waly, Love be Bonny_, III. 145-148.

Wardlaw (Lady), Imitator of the Old Ballad, I. xliv., xlix.

_---- Hardyknute_, II. 105-121.

Warner (W.), _Argentile and Curan_, II. 252-262.

_---- The Patient Countess_, I. 298-304.

_Waters_ (_Child_), III. 58-65.

_Waters_ (_Young_), II. 228-231.

Westmorland (Earl of), I. 266.

Wharncliffe Lodge and Wood, III. 281.

Wharton (Thomas, Marquis of), _Lilli Burlero_, II. 358-362.

_Why so Pale_, by Sir John Suckling, II. 343-344.

_Wife_ (_Wanton_) _of Bath_, III. 333-338.

William (St.) of Norwich, I. 56.

William of Cloudesley, I. 153.

_William_ (_Sweet_), _Fair Margaret and_, III. 124-127.

_William's_ (_Sweet_) _Ghost_, III. 130-133.

William and Margaret, by D. Mallet, III. 308-312.

_Willoughbey_ (_Brave Lord_), II. 238-241.

_Willow, Willow, Willow_, I. 199-203.

_Willow Tree, a Pastoral Dialogue_, III. 137-139.

_Winifreda_, I. 323-325.

_Winning of Cales_, II. 243-246.

_Witch of Wokey_, by Dr. Harrington, I. 325-328.

_Witches' Song_, III. 196-199.

Wither (George), _Shepherd's Resolution_, III. 188-191.

_---- The Stedfast Shepherd_, III. 253-255.

Wokey-hole in Somersetshire, I. 325.

Wortley (Sir Thomas), III. 282.

Wotton (Sir H.), _Character of a Happy Life_, I. 317-318.

_---- You Meaner Beauties_, II. 312-314.

_Yarrow, The Braes of_, II. 362-367.

_You Meaner Beauties_, II. 312-314.

_Young Waters_, II. 228-231.

_Youth and Age_, I. 237-238.

Ypotis, Poem of, III. 364.

Transcriber's Notes:

Simple spelling, grammar, and typographical errors were corrected.

Punctuation normalized.

Anachronistic and non-standard spellings retained as printed.

ERRATA on p. vii were incorporated in the document.

Italics markup is enclosed in _underscores_.

Greek text is transliterated and enclosed in #number signs#.

Anglo-Saxon uncial script is enclosed in +plus signs+.

Special Characters and Symbols.

Latin Abbreviation Large Sign Et [et] Latin small letter heng [hj] Latin small letter thorn with stroke [þ/] yogh [gh] inverted asterism [***] triple dagger (center one reversed) [+±+] therefore sign [···] reversed pilcrow sign [r¶] black right pointing index [-»] white right pointing index [->]