V.

Vance, General, captured by Federals, 531.

Van Cleve, General H. P., at Chickamauga, 442.

Venable, Colonel Charles S., mentioned, 363, 379; letter of, to General Longstreet on "battle at sunrise" order at Gettysburg, 379 (note); on putting Heth's division in assaulting columns, 398; takes order for change of direction to Longstreet in Wilderness, 557; letter of, to Longstreet, on movement of latter to the Wilderness, 571; gives account of last scenes and of General Lee, 624.

Vincent, General, killed at Little Round Top (Gettysburg), 372.

Virginia "Foot Cavalry," 146.

Virginia, "too much," 332.

W.

Wadsworth, General James S., at Gettysburg, 374; mortally wounded at Wilderness, 563.

Wagner, Lieutenant, mortally wounded by remarkable cannon-shot, 255.

Walker, General J. G., at Harper's Ferry, 231; at Sharpsburg, 242, 247.

Walker, General W. H. T., at Chickamauga, 441, 446.

Walton, Colonel, Longstreet's order to, 390.

War feeling in the South, 31.

War, Mexican. _See_ Mexican war.

War, the general status of, on Confederate side, 543; suggestions for conduct of, by Longstreet, 544.

Warren, Major-General G. K., finds Little Round Top the citadel of the field at Gettysburg, 371; testimony as to third day at Gettysburg, 398; in command of Fifth Corps (1864), 552; makes opening attack in Wilderness, 558; at Five Forks, 597.

Washburn, Colonel, mortally wounded, 615.

Washington Artillery, the, at Manassas, 37, 40, 41, 49; at Second Manassas, 181, 186; at Sharpsburg, 233, 236, 243, 249, 250, 261, 267; at Fredericksburg, 311; at Gettysburg, 390 _et seq._

Weed, General, killed on Little Round Top (Gettysburg), 372.

Weitzel, General, before Richmond, 576, 595, 603, 604.

West Point, distinguished men at, 16, 17.

Westward movement, first proposed to Secretary of War Seddon by Longstreet, 327, 409; reverted to by Longstreet, 433, 434; transportation ordered for, 436; Longstreet reaches General Bragg's head-quarters, 438 (_see_ Chickamauga, battle of, etc.); difference between time proposed for and actual making of, 478, 479.

Weymouth, Captain, at Fredericksburg, 303.

Wharton, General, 441.

Wheeler, General, makes cavalry raid on Tennessee River, 463; Longstreet's orders to, in East Tennessee, 487, 488; in engagement on Little Tennessee River, 490; returns to General Bragg, 500.

White House, McClellan establishes his permanent depot at, 82. _See_ Seven Pines.

Whiting, Major, at Manassas, 52; General, at Seven Pines, 105-107; desires to leave Fair Oaks, 113; reinforces Jackson, 115; at Gaines's Mill, 127, 128; mortally wounded at Fort Fisher, 582.

Whittle, Colonel, wounded at Gettysburg, 394.

Whitworth, Fort (Petersburg), 606-608.

Wilcox, General, at Burnside's Bridge (Antietam), 259; at Gettysburg, 374; at Wilderness, 556, 558, 560; at Fort Steadman, 594; at Petersburg, 605, 606, 608.

Wilderness, the, battle of, General Grant with Army of the Potomac, 552; strength of confronting armies, 552-554; Army of the Potomac crosses the Rapidan, 555; General Grant had no fixed plan beyond avoiding Lee's defensive line, 555; Wilderness described, 555, 556; march of Longstreet's command, 556; receives a guide, 557; troops meet and action cannot wait, 558; attack by General Warren, 558; Confederates fail to intrench at night, 560; Hancock's advance in the morning, 560; Longstreet's troops form line under fire, 560, and repulse Hancock's advance, 561; the Ninth Corps ordered in by General Grant, 561; Longstreet organizes flanking movement against Hancock's left, 562, 563; General Jenkins mortally and Longstreet severely wounded, 564; General Lee on the field in command, 565; value of a "level head," 566; the failure to intrench by Third Corps, 565-567; delay in advance after Longstreet was disabled, 567; controversy as to Longstreet's march and guide, 568, 571.

Willard, General, killed at Gettysburg, 371.

Williamsburg, battle of, 72; advance of Hooker, 73; Longstreet orders Early to support the left, 74; Stuart's charge, 75; Anderson's concentrated movement on, and capture of guns, 75; Anderson driven back by Hooker's reinforcements, 76; Hancock takes two redoubts, 77; attack by D. H. Hill and Early, with great slaughter of the latter's troops because of blunder, 78; forces engaged, 79; casualties, 79; object of the battle, 79; Hancock called "the Superb," 80.

Williamsburg, engagement near, 68-70.

Williamsburg road, affair on (1864), 576-578.

Williamsport, Confederates at, on retreat from Gettysburg, 428, 429.

Wilmington, first move against, 580; second expedition against, 582.

Winchester, engagement at, between Ewell and Milroy, 339.

Winder, General, mortally wounded at Slaughter Mountain, 157.

Winthrop, Captain, wounded at Knoxville in leading assault, 497.

Wofford, General, Longstreet rides with, to Little Round Top, 372; in retreat from Gettysburg, 431; in engagement on Little Tennessee River, 490; in assault on Fort Sanders, 502, 503, 505; at Dandridge, 526; at Wilderness, 562, 563.

Wood, General T. J., at Chickamauga, 442, 446.

Woodhull, Major Alfred A., gives account of remarkable cannon-shot, 255.

Wool, General John E., orders to Colonel Miles, in command of Harper's Ferry, 286.

Worth, General, at Corpus Christi, 20.

Wright, General, at Gettysburg, 371; makes assault at Petersburg, 605.

Wrightsville, bridge at, burned, 345.

Y.

Yellow Tavern, engagement at, between Sheridan and Stuart, 573.

York, authorities of, surrender to General John B. Gordon, 345.

Yorktown, Confederates occupy, 67; intrenchments abandoned, 68.

THE END.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Brother of the rear-admiral.

[2] He had a similar wound in the war of 1812.

[3] Rebellion Record, vol. ii. p. 309. Less two regiments and one cavalry troop.

[4] General Beauregard claims that he was not so strong, but estimates seem to warrant the number given.

[5] In that attack the division commander, Colonel David Hunter, was wounded.

[6] Rebellion Record, vol. ii. pp. 351, 387, 405, 426.

[7] Ibid., 328.

[8] Not engaged.

[9] In reserve at Centreville and not in battle proper.

[10] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part i. p. 521.

[11] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part i. p. 568.

[12] Ibid., p. 450.

[13] Smith's War Papers.

[14] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part iii. p. 563.

[15] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part i. p. 938.

[16] General Berry thought that he got up as far as the Casey camp, but mistook Couch's opening for that of Casey.

[17] Confederate War Papers, G. W. Smith.

[18] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part i. p. 763.

[19] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 813.

[20] Previous returns give him 11,000, but one of his brigades was absent.

[21] Smith's War Papers.

[22] Ibid.

[23] Ibid.

[24] Smith's War Papers.

[25] Ibid.

[26] Letter from General McLaws.

[27] Rebellion Record, vol. xii. part iii. p. 910.

[28] Of interest in this connection is a letter to the author from General D. H. Hill:

"FAYETTEVILLE, ARK., February 4, 1879.

"GENERAL JAMES LONGSTREET:

"MY DEAR GENERAL,--I never heard of the proposed abandonment of Richmond at the time General Lee took command. I had charge of one of the four divisions with which the retreat from Yorktown was effected, and was called several times into General Lee's most important councils. I never heard any officer suggest such a course in these councils or in private conversations.

"I feel sure that General Johnston always intended to fight the invading force, and so far as I know no officer of rank entertained any other view.

"I remember very well that some days before the council on the Nine Miles road (when yourself, A. P. Hill, and myself were present) that you suggested the plan of attacking McClellan's right flank, and that I expressed my preference for an attack on the other flank. This shows that there was no thought of retreat.

"Very truly yours, "D. H. HILL."

[29] Official account, Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part i. p. 1036.

[30] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 882.

[31] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 38.

[32] From memory I will say that this message from General Lee was delivered by Captain A. P. Mason.

[33] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 517. Stuart.

[34] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 627. D. H. Hill.

[35] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 100. Heintzelman.

[36] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 107.

[37] Ibid., pp. 162-164.

[38] A name taken by the infantry from the Valley district on account of their swift secret marches.

[39] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 664.

[40] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 687.

[41] Rebellion Record, vol. xii. part ii. p. 52.

[42] Rebellion Record, vol. xii. part ii. p. 53.

[43] His letter of August 14, 1862.

[44] Rebellion Record, vol xii. part ii. p. 29.

[45] Rebellion Record, vol. xii. part ii. p. 378.

[46] Rebellion Record, vol. xii. part ii. p. 381.

[47] Ibid., pp. 74, 75.

[48] Ibid., p. 371.

[49] Rebellion Record, vol. xii. part ii. p. 518.

[50] Ibid., p. 520.

[51] Rebellion Record, vol. xii. part ii. p. 40. General Pope.

[52] Battles and Leaders of the Civil War.

[53] Rebellion Record.

[54] Rebellion Record, vol. xii. part ii. p. 558. General Lee's report.

[55]

"HEAD-QUARTERS ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA, "September 9, 1862.

"SPECIAL ORDERS, NO. 191.

"The army will resume its march to-morrow, taking the Hagerstown road. General Jackson's command will form the advance, and, after passing Middletown, with such portion as he may select, take the route towards Sharpsburg, cross the Potomac at the most convenient point, and, by Friday night, take possession of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, capture such of the enemy as may be at Martinsburg, and intercept such as may attempt to escape from Harper's Ferry.

"General Longstreet's command will pursue the same road as far as Boonsborough, where it will halt with the reserve, supply, and baggage trains of the army.

"General McLaws, with his own division and that of General R. H. Anderson, will follow General Longstreet. On reaching Middletown he will take the route to Harper's Ferry, and by Friday morning possess himself of the Maryland Heights, and endeavor to capture the enemy at Harper's Ferry and vicinity.

"General Walker, with his division, after accomplishing the object in which he is now engaged, will cross the Potomac at Cheek's Ford, ascend its right bank to Lovettsville, take possession of Loudoun Heights, if practicable, by Friday morning, Key's Ford on his left, and the road between the end of the mountain and the Potomac on his right. He will, as far as practicable, co-operate with General McLaws and General Jackson in intercepting the retreat of the enemy.

"General D. H. Hill's division will form the rear-guard of the army, pursuing the road taken by the main body. The reserve artillery, ordnance, supply-trains, etc., will precede General Hill.

"General Stuart will detach a squadron of cavalry to accompany the commands of Generals Longstreet, Jackson, and McLaws, and with the main body of the cavalry will cover the route of the army and bring up all stragglers that may have been left behind.

"The commands of Generals Jackson, McLaws, and Walker, after accomplishing the objects for which they have been detached, will join the main body of the army at Boonsborough or Hagerstown.

"Each regiment on the march will habitually carry its axes in the regimental ordnance wagons, for use of the men at their encampments to procure wood, etc.

"By command of General R. E. Lee.

"R. H. CHILTON, "_Assistant Adjutant-General_.

"MAJOR-GENERAL D. H. HILL, "_Commanding Division_."

[56] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part ii. p. 600.

[57] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part i. p. 41. McClellan's official account.

[58] Record, vol. xix. part i.

[59] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part ii. p. 281.

[60] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part i. p. 48.

[61] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part i. p. 183.

[62] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part i. p. 961.

[63] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part i. p. 47.

[64] Some authorities say (including a small number of "captured or missing") 12,601.

[65] Report of Committee, part i. p. 368.

[66] Of this shot, Captain A. B. More, of Richmond, Virginia, wrote, under date of June 16, 1886,--

"The Howitzers have always been proud of that shot, and, thinking it would interest you, I write to say that it was fired by Corporal Holzburton, of the Second Company, Richmond Howitzers, from a ten-pound Parrott."

[67] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part i. p. 377.

[68] Rebellion Record, vol. i. part i. p. 63.

[69] This includes eighty-five lost by S. D. Lee's artillery, not regularly assigned as part of the corps.

[70] Surgeon Lafayette Guild, medical director of the Army of Northern Virginia, in his official tabulated report, accounts for 10,291 only.

[71] Compiled from the official reports.

[72] Left at Leesburg.

[73] Commanding brigade while General Evans commanded provisional division.

[74] Attached to Twenty-first North Carolina Regiment.

[75] John R. Johnson's and D'Aquin's batteries were the only ones present with this division at Sharpsburg.

[76] Braxton's, Crenshaw's, McIntosh's, and Pegram's batteries engaged at Sharpsburg.

[77] Cutts's and Jones's battalions also under D. H. Hill's command at Sharpsburg.

[78] First Virginia Artillery.

[79] With D. H. Hill's division at Sharpsburg.

[80] Left at Leesburg.

[81] Compiled from the records of the Adjutant-General's Office. On September 14 the right wing of the army, consisting of the First and Ninth Corps, was commanded by Major-General Burnside; the centre, composed of the Second and Twelfth Corps, by Major-General Sumner, and the left wing, comprising the Sixth Corps and Couch's division (Fourth Corps), by Major-General Franklin.

[82] Designation changed from Third Corps, Army of Virginia, to First Army Corps, by General Orders, No. 129, Adjutant-General's Office, September 12, 1862.

[83] Wounded September 17.

[84] Relieved September 14.

[85] Wounded September 14.

[86] Joined September 9, and detached September 13 as railroad guard.

[87] Wounded September 14.

[88] Detached at Washington, D. C., since September 6.

[89] Wounded September 17.

[90] Wounded September 17.

[91] Assigned to the Sixth Corps as the Third Division, September 26, 1862.

[92] Joined September 17.

[93] Joined September 15.

[94] This division was organized September 12, and reached the battle-field of Antietam September 18.

[95] Assigned to First Division, Second Army Corps, September 17.

[96] On the 16th and 17th, Major General Burnside exercised general command on the left, and Brigadier-General Cox was in immediate command of the corps.

[97] Killed September 14.

[98] Wounded September 17.

[99] Designation changed from Second Corps, Army of Virginia, to Twelfth Army Corps, by General Orders, No. 129, Adjutant-General's Office, September 12, 1862.

[100] Mortally wounded September 17.

[101] Wounded September 17.

[102] No officers present; enlisted men of company attached to Second Massachusetts.

[103] Detached September 9.

[104] Detached September 13.

[105] Killed September 17.

[106] Detached at Frederick, Md.

[107] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part i. p. 520.

[108] See organization of the army appended to account of the battle of Fredericksburg.

[109] Rebellion Record, vol. xxi. part i. p. 783.

[110] Rebellion Record, vol. xxi. part i. p. 1121.

[111] Ibid., p. 1057.

[112] Rebellion Record, vol. xxi. part i. p. 432.

[113] Vol. xxi. of the Official Records.

[114] Not assigned to divisions.

[115] Majors Garnett, Hamilton, and T. J. Page, Jr., are mentioned in the reports as commanding artillery battalions, but their composition is not stated.

[116] Organization of brigades as established November 10, 1862. On roster for December 16, 1862, Hart's, Breathed's, Moorman's, and Chew's batteries appear as attached, respectively, to the First, Second, Third, and Fourth Brigades. Commanders are given as reported December 16, 1862.

[117] Detachment on raid to Dumfries.

[118] In the Shenandoah Valley.

[119] The Confederate dry-goods factories, for want of other dye-stuffs, had long before this resorted to the use of the butternut coloring.

[120] Rebellion Record, vol. xxv. part ii. p. 320.

[121] Ibid., p. 696.

[122] General D. H. Hill was next in rank to General Ewell. He was the hero of Bethel, Seven Pines, South Mountain, and the hardest fighter at Sharpsburg. His record was as good as that of "Stonewall" Jackson, but, not being a Virginian, he was not so well advertised.

[123] Report Committee, vol. i p. 480.

[124] From General Lee's official report: "... It was ascertained from the prisoners that we had been engaged with two corps of the army formerly commanded by General Hooker, and that the remainder of that army, under General Meade, was approaching Gettysburg. Without information as to its proximity, the strong position which the enemy had assumed could not be attacked without danger of exposing the four divisions present, already weakened and exhausted by a long and bloody struggle, to overwhelming numbers of fresh troops. General Ewell was, therefore, instructed to carry the hill occupied by the enemy, if he found it practicable, but to avoid a general engagement until the arrival of the other divisions of the army, which were ordered to hasten forward. He decided to await Johnson's division, which had marched from Carlisle by the road west of the mountains to guard the trains of his corps, and consequently did not reach Gettysburg until a late hour...."

[125] Report of Committee, vol. i. p. 488.

[126] His account.

[127] In his official report he puts Jenkins's force at the opening campaign at three thousand eight hundred.

[128] General Lee, by Fitzhugh Lee (note), p. 299.

[129] His official report.

[130] Following are the essential portions of the letters referred to, affording unquestionable and overwhelming testimony against the claim that General Longstreet was ordered to give battle "at sunrise":

"NORFOLK, VA., April 28, 1875.

"DEAR GENERAL,--... I can only say that I never before heard of the 'sunrise attack' you were to have made, as charged by General Pendleton. If such an order was given you I never knew of it, or it has strangely escaped my memory. I think it more than probable that if General Lee had had your troops available the evening previous to the day of which you speak, he would have ordered an early attack, but this does not touch the point at issue. I regard it as a great mistake on the part of those who, perhaps because of political differences, now undertake to criticise and attack your war record. Such conduct is most ungenerous, and I am sure meets the disapprobation of all good Confederates with whom I have had the pleasure of associating in the daily walks of life.

"Yours, very respectfully, "W. H. TAYLOR."

"UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA, May 11, 1875.

"GENERAL JAMES LONGSTREET:

"DEAR GENERAL,--... I did not know of any order for an attack on the enemy at sunrise on the 2d, nor can I believe any such order was issued by General Lee. About sunrise on the 2d of July I was sent by General Lee to General Ewell to ask him what he thought of the advantages of an attack on the enemy from his position. (Colonel Marshall had been sent with a similar order on the night of the 1st.) General Ewell made me ride with him from point to point of his lines, so as to see with him the exact position of things. Before he got through the examination of the enemy's position, General Lee came himself to General Ewell's lines. In sending the message to General Ewell, General Lee was explicit in saying that the question was whether he should move all the troops around on the right and attack on that side. I do not think that the errand on which I was sent by the commanding general is consistent with the idea of an attack at sunrise by any portion of the army.

"Yours, very truly, "CHARLES S. VENABLE."

"BALTIMORE, MD., May 7, 1875.

"DEAR GENERAL,--... I have no personal recollection of the order to which you refer. It certainly was not conveyed by me, nor is there anything in General Lee's official report to show the attack on the 2d was expected by him to begin earlier, except that he notices that there was not proper concert of action on that day....

"Respectfully, "CHARLES MARSHALL."

"BIG ISLAND, BEDFORD, VA., May 31, 1875.

"DEAR GENERAL,--... I do not recollect of hearing of an order to attack at sunrise, or at any other designated hour, pending the operations at Gettysburg during the first three days of July, 1863....

"Yours truly, "A. L. LONG."

"FREESTONE P. O., PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY, VA., "November 12, 1877.

"MY DEAR GENERAL LONGSTREET,--... The winter after the death of General Lee I was in Lexington, visiting my sons at the V. M. I. General Pendleton called to see me at the hotel. General Custis Lee was in my room when he came in. After General Lee left, General Pendleton asked me if General Longstreet was not ordered to attack on the 2d of July at Gettysburg at six o'clock in the morning, and did not attack until four o'clock in the evening. I told him it was not possible. When he left me I was under the impression I had convinced him of his mistaken idea. I told General Pendleton that you and General Lee were together the greater part of the day up to about three o'clock or later; that you separated at the mouth of a lane not long thereafter. You said to me, 'Those troops will be in position by the time you get there; tell General Hood to attack.' When I gave the order to General Hood he was standing within a step or two of his line of battle. I asked him to please delay his attack until I could communicate to General Longstreet that he can turn the enemy,--pointing to a gorge in the mountain, where we would be sheltered from his view and attack by his cavalry. General Hood slapped me on the knee and said, 'I agree with you,--bring General Longstreet to see for himself.' When I reported to you, your answer was, 'It is General Lee's order; the time is up,--attack at once.' I lost no time in repeating the same to General Hood, and remained with him to see the attack, which was made instantly. We had a beautiful view of the enemy's left from Hood's position, which was close up to him. He gave way quickly. General Hood charged, and I spurred to report to you; found you with hat in hand cheering on General McLaws's division....

"Truly your friend, "JOHN W. FAIRFAX."

[131] "Four Years with General Lee."

[132] Upon the various matters of this momentous day, which have been subject of controversy, the following testimony from J. S. D. Cullen is interesting and important:

"RICHMOND, VA., May 18, 1875.

"GENERAL JAMES LONGSTREET:

"DEAR GENERAL,--... It was an astounding announcement to the survivors of the First Army Corps that the disaster and failure at Gettysburg was alone and solely due to its commander, and that had he obeyed the orders of the commander-in-chief Meade's army would have been beaten before its entire force had assembled, and its final discomfiture thereby made certain. It is a little strange that these charges were not made while General Lee was alive to substantiate or disprove them, and that seven years or more were permitted to pass by in silence regarding them. You are fortunate in being able to call upon the adjutant-general and the two confidential officers of General Lee's staff for their testimony in the case, and I do not think that you will have any reason to fear their evidence. They knew every order that was issued for that battle, when and where attacks were to be made, who were slow in attacking, and who did not make attacks that were expected to be made. I hope, for the sake of history and for your brave military record, that a quietus will at once be put on this subject. I distinctly remember the appearance in our head-quarters camp of the scout who brought from Frederick the first account that General Lee had of the definite whereabouts of the enemy; of the excitement at General Lee's head-quarters among couriers, quartermasters, commissaries, etc., all betokening some early movement of the commands dependent upon the news brought by the scout. That afternoon General Lee was walking with some of us in the road in front of his head-quarters, and said, 'To-morrow, gentlemen, we will not move to Harrisburg as we expected, but will go over to Gettysburg and see what General Meade is after.' Orders had then been issued to the corps to move at sunrise on the morning of the next day, and promptly at that time the corps was put on the road. The troops moved slowly a short distance when they were stopped by Ewell's wagon-trains and Johnson's division turning into the road in front of them, making their way from some point north to Cashtown or Gettysburg. How many hours we were detained I am unable to say, but it must have been many, for I remember eating a lunch or dinner before moving again. Being anxious to see you, I rode rapidly by the troops (who, as soon as they could get into the road, pushed hurriedly by us also), and overtook you about dark at the hill this side of Gettysburg, about half a mile from the town. You had been at the front with General Lee, and were returning to your camp, a mile or two back. I spoke very exultingly of the victory we were thought to have obtained that day, but was surprised to find that you did not take the same cheerful view of it that I did, and presently you remarked that it would have been better had we not fought than to have left undone what we did. You said that the enemy were left occupying a position that it would take the whole army to drive them from and then at a great sacrifice. We soon reached the camp, three miles, perhaps, from Gettysburg, and found the column near by. Orders were issued to be ready to march at 'daybreak,' or some earlier hour, next morning. About three o'clock in the morning, while the stars were shining, you left your head-quarters and rode to General Lee's, where I found you sitting with him _after sunrise_ looking at the enemy on Cemetery Hill...."

"I am yours, very truly, "J. S. D. CULLEN."

[133] Rebellion Record.

[134] "Four Years with General Lee," W. H. Taylor, page 103.

[135] _Eclectic Magazine_, May, 1872.

[136] At Sharpsburg, General Jackson left the field at seven o'clock in the morning and did not return until four o'clock in the afternoon, when he was ordered with his command and the cavalry to turn and strike down against the Union right. He started to execute the order, then gave it up without even asking permission. He made a brave and gallant fight in the morning, losing 1601 officers and men. But D. H. Hill was there from the first to the last gun, losing from his division 1872 officers and men. Jackson had the greater part of two divisions. But Hill was not a Virginian, and it would not do to leave the field for refreshments. The figures include Jackson's losses at Harper's Ferry and Sharpsburg; Hill's at South Mountain and Sharpsburg.

[137] "General Lee," by Fitzhugh Lee. Marye's Hill was the stronghold at Fredericksburg.

[138] _Vide_ "The French under the First and Last Bonaparte;" the Second Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia under Stonewall Jackson in 1862, in the Valley of Virginia, and J. A. Early in 1864.

[139] General Meade's monthly return for June 30 shows 99,131 "present for duty, equipped." The Comte de Paris estimates the force actually on the field, including the Sixth Corps, which was in reserve, at 82,000.

[140] Rebellion Record, vol. xxvii.

[141] Rebellion Record, vol. xxxvii. part i. p. 187.

[142] No reports on file for this brigade. Bryan was in command July 7, and was probably Semmes's immediate successor. The commanders of the Tenth, Fifty-first, and Fifty-third Georgia are given as reported for June 22 and July 31. Manning reported in command of Fiftieth Georgia, June 22. No commander reported on return for July 31.

[143] The regimental commanders are given as reported for June 14.

[144] The four captains present (West, Robinson, James M. Taylor, Thomas N. Jordan) were reported as wounded July 1; Robinson and Taylor as having rejoined July 2, but it does not appear who commanded during Robinson's absence.

[145] Lieutenant-Colonel Slough and Major John S. Brooks reported as wounded at four P.M., July 1.

[146] Colonel Christie, Lieutenant-Colonel R. D. Johnston, Major C. C. Blacknall, and the senior captain (Abner D. Pearce) reported as wounded early in the fight, July 1.

[147] Commanded his own and W. E. Jones's brigade.

[148] Serving with Ewell's corps.

[149] Mounted.

[150] See battalions attached to corps and cavalry.

[151] Not engaged.

[152] See artillery brigades attached to army corps and the reserves.

[153] Not engaged. With exception of the regular battalion, it was, July 1, and while at Beaver Dam Creek, Md., ordered to Washington, D. C., where it arrived July 3.

[154] Major-General John F. Reynolds, of this corps, was killed July 1, while in command of the left wing of the army; General Doubleday commanded the corps July 1, and General Newton, who was assigned to that command on the 1st, superseded him July 2.

[155] Transferred, in the afternoon of July 1, to the First Brigade.

[156] Guarding trains, and not engaged in the battle.

[157] Battery E, First New York Light Artillery, attached.

[158] After the death of General Reynolds, General Hancock was assigned to the command of all the troops on the field of battle, relieving General Howard, who had succeeded General Reynolds. General Gibbon, of the Second Division, assumed command of the corps. These assignments terminated on the evening of July 1. Similar changes in commanders occurred during the battle of the 2d, when General Hancock was put in command of the Third Corps, in addition to that of his own. He was wounded on the 3d, and Brigadier-General William Hays was assigned to the command of the corps.

[159] 2d Company Minnesota Sharp-shooters attached.

[160] Transferred from Artillery Reserve, July 1; Fourteenth New York Battery attached.

[161] Guarding corps trains, and not engaged in the battle.

[162] Joined corps June 28. The Second Brigade left in the Department of Washington.

[163] Also in command of the Third Brigade, Third Division, on July 3.

[164] No First Brigade in division.

[165] See foot-note 149, p. 415.

[166] Guarding wagon-train at Westminster, and not engaged in the battle.

[167] During the interval between the death of General Reynolds and the arrival of General Hancock, on the afternoon of July 1, all the troops on the field of battle were commanded by General Howard, General Schurz taking command of the Eleventh Corps, and General Schimmelfennig of the Third Division.

[168] Exercised command of the right wing of the army during a part of the battle.

[169] Unassigned during progress of battle; afterwards attached to First Division, as Second Brigade.

[170] Served with the Sixth Army Corps, and on the right flank.

[171] Serving as light artillery.

[172] At Westminster, etc., and not engaged in the battle.

[173] With Huey's Cavalry Brigade, and not engaged in the battle.

[174] Tenth New York Battery attached.

[175] Not engaged.

[176] Eleventh New York Battery attached.

[177] The emergency militia and the six months' volunteers were mustered into the United States service, and the ninety-days' militia into the State service. Under act of Congress approved April 12, 1866, the State was reimbursed by the United States for money expended in payment of the latter troops.

[178] That company did not go with the battalion to Virginia.

[179] This was my first meeting with the genial, gallant, lovable William Preston.

[180] Rebellion Record.

[181] Rebellion Record, vol. xxx. part i. p. 144.

[182] In his official report of the battle, General Bragg denies that his march of the 21st was for the crossing of the Tennessee River; refers to the proposition as visionary, and says of the country, "Affording no subsistence for men or animals."--Rebellion Record.

[183] Rebellion Record.

[184] Later on he offered the command to Lieutenant-General Hardee, who declined it.

[185]

"CAMP RAPPAHANNOCK, October 26, 1863.

"MY DEAR GENERAL,--I have received your three letters, September 26, October 6, and October 11. The first was received just as I was about to make a move upon General Meade, to prevent his detaching reinforcements to Rosecrans. The second when I had gone as far as I thought I could advantageously go; and the third since my return to this place. I have read them all with interest and pleasure, but have not had time to reply till now.

"I rejoice at your great victory deeply. It seemed to me to have been complete. I wish it could have been followed up by the destruction of the Federal army. As regards your proposition as to myself, I wish that I could feel that it was prompted by other reasons than kind feelings to myself. I think that you could do better than I could. It was with that view I urged your going. The President, being on the ground, I hope will do all that can be done. He has to take a broad view of the whole ground, and must order as he deems best. I will cheerfully do anything in my power.

"In addition to other infirmities, I have been suffering so much from rheumatism in my back that I could scarcely get about. The first two days of our march I had to be hauled in a wagon, and subsequently every motion of my horse, and indeed of my body, gave much pain. I am rather better now, though I still suffer. We could not come up with Meade. We had to take circuitous and by-roads, while he had broad and passable routes on either side of the railroad. We struck his rear-guards three times,--the last at Bristoe, where Hill with his advance of two brigades fell too precipitately on one of his corps,--suffered a repulse and loss. He was finally driven beyond Bull Run. I saw he could easily get behind his intrenchments in front of Alexandria. Our men were dreadfully off for shoes, blankets, and clothes. One division alone had over a thousand barefooted men. We had failed to take any, and I fear had failed to manage as well as we might. The country was a perfect waste. A northeast storm broke upon us. There was neither shelter nor food for man or beast. I saw no real good I could accomplish by manoeuvring. The enemy had destroyed the bridge over the Rappahannock and blown up one of the piers. The freshet after we left the Rapidan carried away the railroad bridge over that river. I therefore withdrew to the Rappahannock, destroying the railroad from Cub Run (this side Manassas Junction) to the Rappahannock River.

"We inflicted some punishment upon the enemy,--captured upward of two thousand four hundred prisoners.

"But I missed you dreadfully, and your brave corps. Your cheerful face and strong arms would have been invaluable. I hope you will soon return to me. I trust we may soon be together again. May God preserve you and all with you.

"Very truly yours, "R. E. LEE.

"GENERAL LONGSTREET."

[186] Rebellion Record, vol. xxxi. part i. p. 680.

[187] Since those days the name of Holston has been changed to the Tennessee.

[188] Writing of these operations since the war, General E. M. Law, in an article in the Philadelphia _Weekly Press_ of July 18, 1888, said,--

"During the night the sounds of retreat continued, and when daylight came the valley about Lenoir presented the scene of an encampment deserted with ignominious haste."

But he did not take the trouble to report the retreat until nearly twenty-five years after the war. Had he done so at the proper time the work at Campbell's Station would have been in better season.

[189] Rebellion Record, vol. xxxi. part i. p. 526.

[190] Rebellion Record, vol. xxxi. part i. p. 491.

[191] Rebellion Record.

[192] Rebellion Record.

[193] Ibid.

[194] Rebellion Record, vol. xxxi. part i. p. 549.

[195] "Four Years with General Lee."

[196] General Heth's personal account.

[197] Letter to the writer.

[198] Decisive Battles of the War, Swinton, p. 378.

[199] Military History of U. S. Grant. Badeau.

[200] Virginia Campaigns, 1864-65, by General A. A. Humphreys, Army of the Potomac.

[201] General Early's official account.

[202] One of our weeklies announced, upon learning that General Bragg was ordered there, "We understand that General Bragg is ordered to Wilmington. Good-by, Wilmington!"

[203] General Badeau's "Military History of U. S. Grant."

[204] Four Years with General Lee.

[205] Diary of a member of Corse's brigade.

[206] Estimated from returns.

[207] Estimated from general return for March.

[208] This account is gathered from the evidence of officers of both sides, given before the Warren Court of Inquiry, which vindicated Warren and Pickett, though the court was inclined to coquette with the lieutenant-general, who, at that late day, was in high authority.

[209] He reported that he could have gained the day if the cavalry of his left had been as efficient as that of his right.

[210] Virginia Campaigns.

[211] General Mahone claimed seven hundred in all.

[212] Memoirs of General Lee, A. L. Long.

[213] Memoirs of Robert E. Lee, A. L. Long.

[214] Memoirs of Robert E. Lee, A. L. Long.

[215] Including the parts of the Third Corps attached after the fall of A. P. Hill, and about five thousand that reported on the 7th, 8th, and 9th in bands and squads from the columns broken up at Sailor's Creek.

[216] Including five thousand two hundred of fragments dispersed at Petersburg and during the rearward march, that joined us in retreat.

End of Project Gutenberg's From Manassas to Appomattox, by James Longstreet