CHAPTER XXXIV
READING FOR YOUR OWN COUNTRY
------
ENGLISH LITERATURE AND ITS BRANCHES
Most of us, no matter where we may happen to live, are not far away from a newspaper office. We may walk down a village street and stop at the door of a building where a newspaper is published, or we may drive in from the farm, and see a printing press through the open door of the same office. Perhaps it is an old-fashioned printing establishment where type is still set by hand; good printing often is taken from hand-set type. Or some of you may pass, day by day, a newspaper building in a town or city where the latest machinery is constantly at work on edition after edition of a daily newspaper.
We know without being told that newspapers form one of the great channels of communication in the modern world. To learn how to read a newspaper in the best way is something we can do for our own good, for the place in which we live, for the country round about, our own country and nation, and so on in ever-widening circles.
Newspapers possess a special fascination for almost everyone. We like to look in through the windows of a newspaper building and see the {242} machinery moving rapidly. It is exciting to watch the great sheets being folded and coming off the presses. Perhaps you know a young man or woman who is a reporter; possibly some day you will be a reporter yourself. It is worth spending time trying to understand all that a newspaper means.
If we know anything about the way in which news is gathered, written, and printed, we know that sometimes news will be inaccurate, because newspaper work is done with speed. The work of a daily newspaper is to provide its readers with the day's news, and this must be accomplished quickly, or it will be to-morrow before we know where we are. It is the pride of a newspaper to publish correct news, as far as that is possible. But when we read a newspaper we must make allowance for the fact that some of the news is an estimate of what happened, rather than a statement of the absolutely true details of what has happened. Yet it is astonishing, considering all the circumstances, how few mistakes there are in newspapers.
We read newspapers to be well informed; to know how to relate ourselves to the life about us; and to find out what has happened that particularly concerns us in many different ways, as, for instance, in sports and games, schools and education, business and employment, about our neighbours and companions, politics and public affairs, even the hobbies in which we are interested, flower shows, cattle shows, sales of stamps, puzzles, jokes, wireless news, discoveries, inventions, explorations. By reading a good newspaper in {243} the right way we keep in touch with current history.
There are other periodical publications, besides daily newspapers, weeklies and many monthly magazines, each of which has its own use and purpose. Some of these publications we may need to read, according to what our interests are. These you can choose for yourselves, as you grow older.
What is known as literature, writing of permanent value and beauty, not technical or scientific, but of general interest, as a rule finds its way into books. The time has come now when we can consider for a moment how many different literatures there are in the world.
Some writers belonging to literatures of countries other than our own, by this time you can name for yourselves. You know that there was a great Greek literature, a Latin literature, and Hebrew literature. The first name that comes into your minds belonging to Greek literature is Homer. Virgil was one of the great writers of Latin literature. The Bible is Hebrew literature. Dante's work is found in Italian literature; Cervantes' in Spanish literature; Goethe's in German literature; Dumas' work and Victor Hugo's and the work of a number of other writers belong to French literature. There are famous Russian novelists. Hans Andersen was a Dane. Maeterlinck is a Belgian. _The Arabian Nights_, in origins at least, takes us to countries as far away as China, India, Persia, and Egypt. All these literatures come into our lives and into the lives of other people, and so we understand how famous books help to bind the world together.
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English literature is one of the great literatures of the world. If it pleases us to do so, we can count that it begins in the times of the Anglo-Saxons. Even if we take Chaucer as the first great name in English literature, this means that for six hundred years, famous, glorious books in poetry, story, drama, history, and other styles of composition, have been produced at intervals, but in an unbroken succession, in the literature which we can call our own.
English literature, as you know, includes the work of English, Scottish and Irish writers. If we think of English literature as a tree, one of its branches, which comes from the same root, is American literature. Other branches of this tree are the literatures of Canada, Australia, South Africa, and the work of writers in India who publish their books in the English language, known as Anglo-Indian literature. As you know, all these literatures, with the exception of American literature, belong to the nations of the British Empire. Kipling was thinking of the nations of the Empire when he called one of his books _The Five Nations_.
Some day you may find out for yourselves how many names you can remember of writers belonging to English literature, then any you know belonging to the branch literatures of Canada, Australia, South Africa and Anglo-India, and to American literature.
There are few lists in the world as splendid as the long roll of great writers in English literature. It is worth while learning the most famous names by heart. Numbers of these writers you know already. Many people find the greatest {245} enjoyment they have from books in English literature.
The names of some of the most distinguished American writers are Emerson, Thoreau, Mark Twain, Hawthorne, Herman Melville, Walt Whitman, Edgar Allan Poe, Fenimore Cooper, Longfellow, Parkman, Motley, and Washington Irving; many critics would add the name of Emily Dickinson. There are a number of interesting books in which you can read of American literature. A librarian will help you to choose one of them.
Names belonging to Australian and New Zealand literature are Henry Kingsley, Adam Lindsay Gordon, Kendall, Domett, Rolf Boldrewood, Lawson, Stephens, Louis Becke, Browne, Collins, Farjeon, Ada Cambridge, and Mrs. Campbell Praed. Katherine Mansfield was born in New Zealand and the lady sometimes known as "Elizabeth", Countess Russell, in Australia. You may find in a library articles on the writers of Australia and New Zealand. Someone might read aloud to you from an anthology of Australian verse.
South Africa has not had long to establish a literature. One well-known South African name is that of Olive Schreiner. Others are Pringle, Bell, Mrs. Millin, and a young poet, Roy Campbell. A collection of English South African poetry is called _The Treasury of South African Poetry and Verse_.
Many Canadians have written poetry and verse in which are true descriptions of nature and the spirit of nature in Canada. Some Canadian poets' names you will have learned already: Roberts, {246} Carman, Lampman, Campbell, Scott, Isabella Valancy Crawford, Marjorie Pickthall, W. H. Drummond, whose habitant poems abound in humour and the delineation of character, two poets who served in the War, John McCrae and Bernard Trotter, Wilson MacDonald, and E. J. Pratt, a native of Newfoundland, the oldest dominion in the Empire. Other names you will find mentioned in several good anthologies. Haliburton was a humorist. The most widely read Canadian humorist of the present day is Mr. Stephen Leacock. Joseph Howe was a writer, an orator and statesman. The Golden Dog, by William Kirby, is a famous Canadian novel. Other novel writers are Miss Lily Dougall, Mrs. Cotes, Miss Mazo de la Roche, Sir Gilbert Parker, "Ralph Connor", Norman Duncan, Miss L. M. Montgomery. A number of writers of Canadian fiction are doing work to-day which may become eminent. There are writers in French Canada, both of prose and poetry. Canadian historians, English and French, have accomplished good work. The two series, _Makers of Canada_ and _Chronicles of Canada_, contain histories which are well worth reading.
Here is a list of readings from Canadian literature, chapters from a few novels, poems from books of poetry, short stories, two fairy tales, two speeches by Canadian statesmen, a short history. These may guide you to books which you may enjoy. In addition, we should read William Kirby's novel, _The Golden Dog_. It is interesting to remember that Miss Pauline Johnson, whose {247} poetical gift was undoubted, was a Canadian Mohawk Indian.
"How Rabbit Deceived Fox" and "Sparrow's Search for the Rain", from _Canadian Fairy Tales_, by Cyrus Macmillan.
_Beautiful Joe_, by Marshall Saunders.
"In the Big Haycart" and "Calling the Cows", from _Chez Nous_, by Adjutor Rivard, translated by W. H. Blake.
"The Freedom of the Black-Faced Ram" from _The Watchers of the Trails_, by C. G. D. Roberts.
"Privilege of the Limits" from _Old Man Savarin Stories_, by E. W. Thomson.
"The Scarlet Hunter", from _Pierre and His People_; and _When Valmond Came to Pontiac_, by Sir Gilbert Parker.
Chapter One, from _The Imperialist_, by Mrs. Cotes.
"Aunt Thankful and Her Room", from _Wise Saws and Modern Instances_, Vol. II, Chap. 4, by Thomas Chandler Haliburton.
"The Marine Excursion of the Knights of Pythias", from _Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town_, by Stephen Leacock.
"O Love Builds on the Azure Sea", from _Malcolm's Katie_, by Isabella Valancy Crawford.
"Where the Cattle Come to Drink" and "The Potato Harvest", from _Songs of the Common Day_, by C. G. D. Roberts.
"The Frogs" and "Why Do You Call the Poet Lonely?" from _The Poems of Archibald Lampman_.
"How One Winter Came in the Lake Region" and "How Spring Came", from _Lake Lyrics_, by W. W. Campbell.
"The Ships of St. John" and "The Grave Tree", from _Poems_, by Bliss Carman.
"Heart of Gold" and "Madame Tarte", from _Later Poems and New Villanelles_, by S. Frances Harrison.
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"Elizabeth Speaks", and "A Legend of Christ's Nativity", from _Lundy's Lane and Other Poems_, by Duncan Campbell Scott.
"The Habitant", "Little Bateese", "De Bell of Saint Michel", and "Little Lac Grenier", from _The Poetical Works_ of W. H. Drummond.
"The Song My Paddle Sings", from _Flint and Feather_, by E. Pauline Johnson.
"Bega", "The Immortal", "The Shepherd Boy", from _The Complete Poems of Marjorie L. C. Pickthall_.
"A Song of Better Understanding", from _The Song of The Prairie Land_, by Wilson MacDonald.
"The Shark", from _Newfoundland Verse_, by E. J. Pratt.
Speech in Hants, 1844, from _The Speeches and Public Letters of Joseph Howe_, Chap. X. ed. by J. A. Chisholm.
"Political Liberalism", Quebec City, 1877, and "Death of Sir John Macdonald", House of Commons, 1891, _Speeches_ by Sir Wilfrid Laurier.
_A Canadian Manor and Its Seigneurs_, by George M. Wrong.
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AFTERWORD
The name of this chapter, Afterword, seems as if it were an ending. But some endings in reality are beginnings. We all know the look of a catalogue of seeds, with its brilliantly coloured flowers. This book, which belongs to you, in one sense is like a seedsman's catalogue. The true delight of gardening is in choosing the seeds, digging, fertilizing and smoothing the garden till it is ready for sowing and planting. Then we look forward to the first green leaves, flowers, and fruits. There is an infinite deal to learn about gardens, and the seedsman's catalogue is only the beginning. This book is the beginning of the voyage of discovery in the world of your own books.
Because we have spoken in the preceding chapters almost wholly of writers and books, we should take care not to place too much emphasis on writing as an occupation. The world owes much to the writers of great books,--happiness, inspiration, enjoyment, wisdom which we may take from them if we will, learning, and at all times, unending entertainment.
But how many other people there are in the world to whom we owe love and gratitude: soldiers, sailors, explorers, inventors, statesmen, law-givers, physicians, discoverers, scientists, preachers, teachers, evangelists, missionaries, {250} fathers, mothers, all the men and women who make our streets, build our houses, bake our bread, bring us food, make our clothes, sell us what we need, look after the finances of the world, manage our railways and run the trains, fly in airships, and of great importance in their occupation, men and women who grow food as farmers. Still, we dearly love good books and great writers.
No one should read all the time, for people are more important than books. Yet it would be a pity for any boy or girl not to read at all. Francis Bacon, the essayist, of whom we learned a very little in the chapter on essays and essayists, says in one of his writings: "Reading maketh a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man."
Bacon means by the first part of this saying that a man who does not read at all is sometimes empty-minded, while a man who reads well has many thoughts in his mind, good, sweet and profitable. If Bacon were in the world to-day, and noticed, as he would be certain to notice, for Bacon was a most observant man, how much time some people spend in reading, he might have added a sentence saying that continual reading may keep people from thinking. Rightly used, books are an aid in teaching us how to think.
There are many books which have not been mentioned in these pages, some of them famous, many of them delightful, important or amusing. Some of these books you will find for yourselves {251} as time goes on; some you may know already. Perhaps you may have wondered why nothing has been said of this or that book. But it is true that there is always an individual choice in books, as in other things. You will find--and love--your own books, the books which belong to you. To discover one's own books for one's self is a great adventure.
Some of you may be specially interested in French literature; and, presently, you will read the works of the great French dramatist Molière, one of whose characters is the famous Monsieur Jourdain, who had spoken prose all his life without knowing it. Balzac and Flaubert are two other names among a multitude of French writers. The literatures of other countries offer us reading which many people enjoy greatly.
Numbers of fine books are continually being produced by writers in English. English novels especially make good reading. Among writers of a comparatively recent date who have not been mentioned are John Ruskin, Walter Pater, Henry James, an American, Anthony Trollope, William Morris, George Du Maurier, William de Morgan, and many others. Certainly, if you can find time, read the witty, entertaining Irish stories of two ladies, E. OE. Somerville and Martin Ross, especially their first book, _Some Experiences of an Irish R. M._
Then there are modern writers, writers of your own day. Remember that a library is an {252} excellent place in which to obtain advice and help in reading, especially in choosing modern books. There are many modern novelists, critics, and dramatists, as well as poets, whose work is well known. Some names are: Bernard Shaw, H. G. Wells, Arnold Bennett, Quiller-Couch, Max Beerbohm, John Galsworthy, Anthony Hope, W. W. Jacobs, Booth Tarkington, Willa Cather, Norman Douglas, H. M. Tomlinson, Clemence Dane, Virginia Woolf, George Moore, Hugh Walpole, May Sinclair, Mary Webb, E. M. Delafield,, James Stephens, Henry Williamson and J. C. Squire, as well as others whose names you will add to the list when you read their books. Such writers as Katherine Mansfield and W. H. Hudson have left work which belongs to the present day, and may last for generations.
Great books are sometimes difficult to read, but when we conquer a great book we have discovered a new country, and enjoy the reward of the discoverer. It is a matter of choice whether we learn how to read great books that are difficult; but to read well is always a good choice.
We should never forget, however, that one of the principles of good reading is to read books in which we find pleasure. We will grow most successfully in this way along the lines of our own natural tastes and inclinations. So if we prefer history, let us read history; and biography, if this reading gives us most pleasure. In the same way, following each his or her own special preference, we may choose mechanics, invention, exploration, {253} travel, science, architecture, art, music, poetry, essays, criticism, or books which will help us in the study of human nature. Books on the betterment of the world and on social conditions, books about homes and home life, are important.
Some people obtain most benefit from reading a very few books carefully, while others read many books. There are people, often of great value to the world, who are not as much interested in books as they are in action. They prefer travelling to reading of travels; and would choose to build a bridge, or climb a mountain, rather than read history or poetry. The French have a proverb which says, _Chacun à son gôut_, which means each to his own taste; and this is true in books as it is in other things.
Do you remember the list of books in Chapter twenty-eight, on Reading for What You Want To Be, many of them biographies? Some day, when you have an opportunity, ask permission to look over the books in the working library of some man or woman who is following the occupation with attracts you most. We can learn a great deal from the attentive study of such a library. Presently, you may begin to collect your own library. The best way to do this is slowly, with taste, discrimination and care. There is great enjoyment in buying, one by one, the books you care for most; and so, almost before you know what is happening, you will have a library of your own. Which book would you choose first to buy for your own library? Sometimes, in looking through the library of a friend, we may find the very first book bought by the owner of the library when he was a {254} boy, or when the owner was a girl, as the case may be.
One of the pleasures of reading is to read according to times and seasons: To read books of out-of-doors on winter evenings, as well as books of adventure; to read poetry in summer, when we can spend much time under the sky. But those who love poetry, read it all through the year. We may read essays and biography when we are lonely and long for companionship. Novels are constantly enjoyable; a good novel tells us much about human nature.
One of the most beautiful seasons for reading is at Christmas time. Year by year, we may read the story of the shepherds in Saint Luke, ballads of Christmas, _A Christmas Carol_ by Charles Dickens, and Milton's great "Hymn on the Morning of Christ's Nativity". Reading of this character deepens our happiness.
By such means as these we come to recognize good reading, and can test all books by the great books we have read.
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INDEX
NDX
Abbess Hilda, 185
Abercrombie, Lascelles, 236
Achilles, 86-7
_Adam Bede_, 159, 196
Addison, Joseph, 186, 212
_Aeneid_, The, 134
Aesop, 90-1
Agamemnon, King, 86
Agrippa, King, 168
Ainger, Canon, 210
Aladdin, 94
Alcinous, 88
"Alexander's Feast", 233
Ali Baba, 94
_Alice in Wonderland_, 97-9, 101
Amiens, 40
"Ancient Mariner, The", 228-9
Andersen, Hans, 93, 243
Anne of Austria, 60
_Anne of Geierstein_, 25
_Antony and Cleopatra_, 44
_Antiquary, The_, 25-6
Antonio, 35
Aphrodite, 85
Apollo, 86
Apollyon, 144
_Arabian Nights, The_, 93, 243
Aramis, 60-1
Arden, Mary, 42
Argonauts, The, 88
Ariel, 36-7
Arnold, Matthew, 214, 246
_Around Home_, 196
Arthur, King, 94-6
_As You Like It_, 43
Athos, 60-1
Aunt Polly, 81
Austen, Jane, 154-7, 187
Aytoun, W. E., 123
Bacon, Francis, 211, 250
Bagheera, 104
Ballad of the Red Harlaw, 27
Ballads, 65
Baloo, 104
Balzac, Honoré, 251
_Barnaby Rudge_, 3, 7
Barrie, James Matthew, 107, 187
Bates, Mrs. and Miss, 155
"Battle of Otterbourne, The", 112-4, 166
Baucis, 88
Bayly, Harry, 169
Beatrice, 133-5
Beaufort, Duc de, 61
Beaumains, 95
Becke, Louis, 245
Beerbohm, Max, 252
Bell, 245
Bennet, Mr., 155-6
Bennett, Arnold, 252
Beowulf, 185
Berners, Lord, 167
Bernice, Queen, 168
Bible, The, 48-56, 243
Bible, Authorized Version, 54
Binyon, Laurence, 236
_Biographia Literaria_, 214
Black Knight, The, 24
Blackmore, Richard Doddridge, 70
Black Panther, The, 104
Blake, William, 18, 19
_Bleak House_, 4, 8
Blue Beard, 92
_Blue Bird, The_, 106
Blunden, Edmund, 236
Boffin, Mr., 8, 20, 181
Boldrewood, Rolf, 245
Bones, Billy, 64
_Books of Georgian Poetry_, 236
Borrow, George, 76-8
Boswell, James, 188-93
Bragelonne, Vicomte de, 60
Brandes, Georg, 214
_Bride of Lammermoor, The_, 25
Bridges, Robert, 236
British North America Act, 178
Brontë, Anne, 160
Brontë, Branwell, 160
Brontë, Charlotte, 160-1
Brontë, Emily, 160-1, 236
Brontë, Patrick, 160
Brooke, Rupert, 236
Browne, 245
Browning, Robert, 218, 230, 233-5
Browning, Mrs., 218, 236
Brutus, 46
Buchan, John, 116, 191
Bunyan, John, 142-6, 186
Burke, Edmund, 175, 186
Burney, Fanny, 218
Burns, Robert, 196
Burton, Sir Richard, 206
Butcher, S. H., 88
Byron, Lord, 230, 233-4
Caedmon, 185
Caliban, 36
Cambridge, Ada, 245
Campbell, Roy, 245
_Canterbury Tales, The_, 169-71, 231
Carleton, Will, 196
Carlyle, Jane Welsh, 218
Carlyle, Thomas, 183
Carman, Bliss, 246
Caroline, Queen, 27
Carroll, Lewis, 99, 101
Cary, Rev. H. F., 134
Castlewood, Lady, 149
Cather, Willa, 252
_Catriona_, 65
Caxton, 94, 186
Cedric, 24
Cervantes, 136-9, 141, 157, 243
Charles I, 182
Charpentier, Miss, 30
Chaucer, Geoffrey, 44, 169-71, 185, 230-1
"Chevy Chase", 112, 166
Child Rowland, 226-7
_Child's Garden of Verse, A_, 65
Chingachgook, 80
_Christmas Carol, A_, 4, 7, 13, 254
Christian, 142-6
Christiana, 146
Christopher Robin, 101
_Chronicles_, (Froissart), 167-8
_Chronicles of Canada_, 246
Churchill, Lord Randolph, 195
Cinderella, 92
Clemens, Samuel, 82
Clio, 172
Cobden, Richard, 176
Cochrane, Lord, 72
Cockburn, Lord, 32
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 210, 212-3, 218, 228-9, 230, 233
Collins, 245
Columbus, Christopher, 202
Confederation Act, 178
Connor, Ralph, 246
_Conspiracy of Pontiac, The_, 183
Cook, James, 203-5
Cooper, James Fenimore, 78-80, 245
Cotes, Mrs., 246
"Cotter's Saturday Night, The", 196
Coverley, Sir Roger de, 212
Cowper, William, 122, 215-6
Cratchit, Bob, 7
Cratchits, The, 17
Crawford, Isabella Valancy, 246
Crawley, Rawdon, 149
Curly, 107
Cuttle, Captain, 8
_Cymbeline_, 44, 46
Dale, Laetitia, 150
Dan, 105
Dana, Richard Henry, 73
Dandie Dinmont, 195
Dane, Clemence, 252
_Daniel Deronda_, 160
Dante, 133-6, 141, 202, 243
Darling, John, 107
Darling, Michael, 107
Darling, Wendy, 107
d'Artagnan, 59-61
_David Balfour_, 65
_David Copperfield_, 3, 6, 7, 9, 13
Davies, W. H., 236
Deans, Jeanie, 25, 27
_Debits and Credits_, 157
Defoe, Daniel, 68-70, 186
Delafield, E. M., 252
de la Mare, Walter, 236-7
de la Roche, Mazo, 246
de Morgan, William, 251
Dhu, Sir Roderick, 118-9
_Diana of the Crossways_, 150-1
Dickens, Charles, 3-20, 171-2, 187, 195, 218, 254
Dickinson, Emily, 236, 245
_Dictionary of Modern English Usage_, 221, 232
_Discovery of the Great West_, 183
_Divine Comedy, The_, 133-6
Djali, 63
Dobbin, Major, 149
Dodgson, Charles Lutwidge, 99
_Dombey and Son_, 4, 7, 8, 14
Dombey, Florence, 7-8
Dombey, Paul, 8
Domett, 245
Don Quixote, 136-9
Doone, Carver, 71
Dorritt, Mr., 14
Dougall, Lily, 246
Douglas, Ellen, 118-9
Douglas, Earl of, 113, 118, 167
Douglas, Norman, 252
"Do You Ask What the Birds Say?", 233
Dulcinea, 137
Dumas, Alexandre, 59-62, 243
Du Maurier, George, 251
Duncan, Norman, 246
Dundonald, Earl of, 72
Drake, Sir Francis, 105
_Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde_, 66
Drummond, W. H., 246
Dryden, John, 186, 230-1, 233
_Dynasts, The_, 153
"Edinburgh After Flodden", 123
Edward III, 167
_Edwin Drood_, 4
_Egoist, The_, 150-1
Eliot, George, 196, 157-60
Elizabeth, Queen, 23, 184
"Elizabeth", 245
_Elizabeth and Essex_, 184
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 245
_Emma_, 154-6
Esmeralda, 63
_Esmond_, 149
Esmond, Beatrix, 149
_Essays of Elia, The_, 210
Evangelist, 142
Evans, Mary Ann, 159
Evelyn, John, 218
"Eve of St. Agnes, The", 233-4
_Faery Queen, The_, 139-41, 231
Faggis, Tom, 71
_Fair Maid of Perth, The_, 25
Fairservice, Andrew, 22
Faithful, 143-4
Farjeon, 245
_Faust_, 141
Feenix, Cousin, 8
_Felix Holt_, 160
Festus, 168
Fielding, Henry, 157, 186
Fitzgerald, Edward, 218
Fitz-James, James, 118-9
_Five Nations, The_, 244
Flaubert, Gustave, 251
Flecker, James Elroy, 228, 236
Flibbertigibbet, 23
Forster, John, 10, 194
_Fortunes of Nigel, The_, 25
Foster, Anthony, 23
Foster, Janet, 23
Fowler, H. W., 232, 221
Friday, 69
Froissart, Sir John, 167-8
Frollo, Claude, 63
_Frontenac and New France Under Louis XIV_, 183
Galland, Antoine, 93
_Gallipoli_, 185
Galsworthy, John, 252
Gamp, Sairey, 7
Gareth of Orkney, 95
Garland, Hamlin, 196
Garrick, David, 186, 192
Genesis, 48
Giant Despair, 144
Gibbon, Edward, 181, 186
Gibson, W. W., 236
Gilpin, John, 122-3
Gitche Manito, 126
Gladstone, William Ewart, 195
Goethe, 141, 243
_Golden Age, The_, 99-100
_Golden Dog, The_, 74, 246
"Golden Road to Samarkand, The", 228
_Golden Treasury of English Verse_, 236
Goldsmith, Oliver, 186, 192
Gonzalo, 35-7
Gordon, Adam Lindsay, 245
Graeme, Malcolm, 119
Grahame, Kenneth, 99-100
Gray, Thomas, 218
Great Charter, The, 177
_Great Expectations_, 8, 4
Great-heart, Mr., 146
Green, John Richard, 183
Greville, Charles, 218
Grimm, Jacob and William, 92
Gringoire, Pierre, 63
Gudule, 63
Guedalla, Philip, 184
Gummidge, Mrs., 7
Gurth, 24
_Guy Mannering_, 195
Hall, John, 42
_Hamlet_, 43-5
Hardy, Thomas, 147, 151-3, 187
_Hassan_, 228
Hathaway, Anne, 42
Hathi, 104
Hawk-eye, 80
Hawkins, Jim, 64
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 88, 245
Haydon, Benjamin, 218
Hazlitt, William, 43, 210, 212-4
_Heart of Mid-Lothian, The_, 25, 27
Hector, 86
Heep, Uriah, 7
Help, 142
Heming, Arthur, 82
Henry VIII, 167
Henry, Alexander, 206
Hephaistos, 86-7
_Hereward the Wake_, 71
Herodotus, 166
_Heroes, The_, 88-9
Heron, Sir Hugh, 120
"Hervé Riel", 234
Hexam, Lizzie, 8
_Hiawatha, The Song of_, 125-8
Higden, Mrs. Betty, 8
_History of England_, (Macaulay), 123, 182
_History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire_, (Gibbon), 181
_History of the War in the Peninsula_, (Napier), 183
_History of the World_, (Raleigh), 181
Hodgson, Ralph, 236
Hogarth, Catherine, 12
Hogarth, George, 12
Hogg, James, 108
Holinshed's Chronicles, 44
Homer, 85-8, 141, 243
Hook, Captain, 107
Hope, Anthony, 252
Hopeful, 144
_House at Pooh Corner, The_, 101
_How I found Livingstone in Central Africa_, 206
"How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix," 234
Howe, Joseph, 246
_Huckleberry Finn_, 80-2, 100
Hudson, W. H., 252
Hugo, Victor, 62-4, 243
"Hymn on the Morning of Christ's Nativity", (Milton), 232, 254
Iagoo, 126
_Iliad, The_, 85-7, 89
_In Pastures Green_, 196
"In Time of Pestilence", 227
Irving, Washington, 33, 101, 245
Isaac of York, 24
_Ivanhoe_, 23-5
Jack the Giant Killer, 92
Jacobs, W. W., 252
James, Henry, 251
James II, 70
James V of Scotland, 118
_Jane Eyre_, 160-1
Jarvie, Bailie Nicol, 22
Jellyby, Caddy, 8
_Jesuits in North America, The_, 183
Jim, 81
John, King of England, 24, 177
Johnson, Pauline, 246
Johnson, Samuel, 182, 186, 188-93
Jonson, Ben, 229
Jourdain, Monsieur, 251
_Julius Caesar_, 39, 43, 46, 194
_Jungle Book, The_, 103-4
_Just So Stories_, 105
Kay, Sir, 95
Keats, John, 218, 225, 230, 233-4
Kemble, Frances Anne, 218
Kendall, 245
_Kenilworth_, 23-25
_Kidnapped_, 65
"Kilmeny", 108
_Kim_, 82
_King Henry V_, 171
_King Lear_, 44
_King Richard II_, 43
Kingsley, Charles, 71, 88
Kingsley, Henry, 245
Kingsley, Mary, 205-6
Kipling, John Lockwood, 103
Kipling, Rudyard, 82, 103-6, 157, 187, 236, 244
Kirby, William, 74, 246
Knightley, Mr. 155
Knights of the Round Table, 94-6
Kublai Khan, 202-3
Lady Lionesse, 96
_Lady of the Lake, The_, 33, 118
Lamb, Charles, 209-11, 213-4, 218
Lamb, Mary, 210
Lampman, Archibald, 246
Lang, Andrew, 85, 88, 92
La Salle, 206
_Last of the Mohicans, The_, 78
"Last Ride Together, The", 235
Launcelot, Sir, 96
_Lavengro_, 76-8
Lawrence, T. E., 206
Lawson, 245
_Lay of the Last Minstrel, The_, 30, 121
_Lays of Ancient Rome_, 123
_Lays of the Scottish Cavaliers_, 123
Leacock, Stephen, 246
Leaf, Walter, 85
Leatherstocking Tales, 79
Lecky, W. E. H., 183
Lee, Sir Sidney, 184, 194
Legality, 142
Leicester, Earl of, 23
Leigh, Amyas, 71
_Les Misérables_, 62-3
_Life and Letters_, (Page), 194
_Life of Dickens_, 194
_Life of Gladstone_, 194
_Life of Johnson_, 188-93
_Life of King Edward VII_, 184
_Life of Palmerston_, 184
_Life of Sir Walter Scott_, 32, 194
Linet, 96
"Listeners, The", 237
_Little Dorrit_, 4, 10
Little Em'ly, 6
Little Match Girl, The, 93
Livesay, Dr., 64
_Living Forest, The_, 82
"Lochinvar", 121
Lockhart, J. G., 32, 34, 194
Locksley, 24
Lone Wolf, 104
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 125, 245
_Lord of the Isles, The_, 121
_Lord Randolph Churchill_, 194
_Lorna Doone_, 70, 196
Louis XIII, 60
Louis XIV, 60
"Love in the Valley", 227
Lucas, E. V., 210
Lucy, Sir Thomas, 42
Luke, Saint, 254
Macaulay, Lord, 123, 182
_Macbeth_, 43, 44
MacDonald, Wilson, 246
MacGregor, Helen, 22
MacGregor, Rob Roy, 22
Mackenzie, Sir Alexander, 206
Mad Hatter, 97
Maeterlinck, Maurice, 106, 243
_Makers of Canada, The_, 246
Malory, Sir Thomas, 94-6, 186
Mansfield, Katherine, 245, 252
_Mansfield Park_, 156
Marco Polo, 202-3
_Marmion_, 120-1
Marryat, Frederick, 72-3
_Martin Chuzzlewit_, 4, 7, 13
Masefield, John, 82, 185, 236
_Master of Ballantrae, The_, 66
Mazarin, 60
McArthur, Peter, 196
McCrae, John, 246
McGee, D'Arcy, 176
Melville, Herman, 245
_Merchant of Venice_, 39, 45
Mercy, 146
Meredith, George, 147, 150-1, 227
Meynell, Alice, 236
Micawber, Wilkins, 7, 14
_Middlemarch_, 160
Middleton, Clara, 150
_Midshipman Easy_, 73
_Midsummer Night's Dream, A_, 39, 40, 43
_Midwinter_, 191
_Mill on the Floss, The_, 157-9
Millin, Sarah Gertrude, 245
Milne, A. A., 101
Milton, John, 186, 212-3, 230, 232-3, 254
Minnehaha, 127
_Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border_, 30, 112
Miranda, 35-7
Molière, 251
Monk, General, 61
Montaigne, M. E., 212
Montgomery, Sir Hugh, 113
Montgomery, L. M., 100, 246
Moore, George, 252
Moore, Thomas, 218
Morley, John, 194
Morris, William, 251
_Morte d'Arthur_, 94-6, 186, 233-4
Motley, John Lothrop, 183, 245
Mowcher, Miss, 7
Mowgli, 104
Mudjekeewis, 126-7
Myers, Ernest, 85
Myriel, Bishop, 63
Mytyl, 106
Naaman, 50
Napier, 182
Nash, Thomas, 227
Nausicaa, 88
Newcome, Colonel, 149-50
New Testament, 48-9
_Newcomes, The_, 148-50
Nibs, 107
_Nicholas Nickleby_, 3, 7
Nickleby, Mrs., 14
Nipper, Susan, 8, 20
Nokomis, 126
North, 44
_Northanger Abbey_, 156
_Northern Muse, The_, 116
_Notre Dame de Paris_, 62-3
_Now We Are Six_, 101
Ochiltree, Edie, 25-7
"Ode on Intimations of Immortality", 226, 233
"Ode to a Nightingale", 225
"Ode to the West Wind", 233
Odysseus, 88
_Odyssey, The_, 87-9
_Old Curiosity Shop_, 3, 7
_Old Mortality_, 25
_Old Régime in Canada, The_, 183
Old Testament, 48-9
_Oliver Twist_, 3
"One Word More", 235
Osbaldistone, Francis, 22
Osbaldistone, Sir Hildebrand, 22
Osborne, George, 149
Osbourne, Lloyd, 64
Ossian, 29
_Othello_, 43-4
Our Mutual Friend, 4, 8, 181
_Oxford Book of English Verse_, 108, 236
Page, Walter H., 194-5
Palgrave, Francis, 236
Paris, 85
Parker, Sir Gilbert, 246
Parkman, Francis, 183, 206, 245
Patroklos, 86
_Pioneers of France in the New World_, 183
Pater, Walter, 251
Patterne, Crossjay, 151
Patterne, Sir Willoughby, 151
Paul, Saint, 50, 168
Pearl-Feather, 128
Pecksniff, Mr., 7
Peggotty, Ham, 6, 20
_Pendennis_, 149
Penelope, 88
Pepys, Samuel, 218-20
Percy, Bishop, 112, 114
_Percy's Reliques of Ancient Poetry_, 29
Percy, Lord, 113
_Persuasion_, 156
Perseus, 88
Peter Pan, 107
_Peter Simple_, 73
_Petulengro, Jasper_, 77
Pew, 64
Philemon, 88
Philippa, Queen of Hainault, 167
Phoebus, Capt., 63
Pickthall, Marjorie L. C., 246
Pickwick, Mr., 4, 6, 20, 171
_Pickwick Papers_, 3, 6, 171-2
"_Pied Piper of Hamelin, The_", 234
_Pilgrimage to Mecca_, 206
_Pilgrim's Progress, The_, 143-6
Pinch, Tom, 7, 20
Pinkerton, Miss, 149
Pip, 8
Pitt, William, 175
Planchet, 61
Plato, 174
_Plutarch's Lives_, 44, 194
Poe, Edgar Allan, 245
Pope, Alexander, 186, 230-1, 233
Porthos, 60-1
Poseidon, 86
Poyser, Mrs., 159, 196
Praed, Mrs. Campbell, 245
Pratt, E. J., 246
Priam, 86
_Pride and Prejudice_, 155-6
Prig, Betsey, 7
Prince Otto, 66
Pringle, 245
Procter, 210
Prospero, 35-7, 40, 44
"Proud Maisie", 27
Psalms, 54
_Puck of Pook's Hill_, 105-6
Purdie, Tom, 32
Puss-in-Boots, 92
Quasimodo, 63
_Queens of England_, (Strickland), 183
Quiller-Couch, Sir A., 236, 252
Quiney, Thomas, 42
Raleigh, Sir Walter, 23, 180-1
"Rape of the Lock, The", 233
Rebecca, 24
_Red Cow and Her Friends, The_, 196
Red Cross Knight, 139-40, 231
Red Shoes, The, 93
_Redgauntlet_, 25, 27
_Reliques of Ancient English Poetry_, 112
_Republic of Plato, The_, 174
_Return of the Native, The_, 151
_Revolt in the Desert_, 206
_Rewards and Fairies_, 105-6
Reynolds, Sir Joshua, 186, 192
Richard, King of England, 24
Richardson, Samuel, 186
Richelieu, Cardinal, 60
Ridd, Jan, 70
Rikki-tiki-tavi, 104
Riley, James Whitcombe, 196
_Rip Van Winkle_, 101-2
_Rise of the Dutch Republic_, 183
Ritchie, Mrs., 148, 150
_Rob Roy_, 21-3, 25
Roberts, Charles G. D., 245
Robin Hood, 24
_Robinson Crusoe_, 68
Robsart, Amy, 23
Robinson, Crabb, 210
Rochefort, 59
_Rokeby_, 121
_Romeo and Juliet_, 39, 43
_Romola_, 159
Rosalind, 45
Ross, Martin, 251
Rossetti, Christina, 236
Rossetti, D. G., 236
_Round the World in Eighty Days_, 71
Rowena, 24
Rozinante, 137
Ruskin, John, 251
Russell, Countess, 245
Russell, George, 236
Rustician, 202
Sainte-Beuve, 214
Sancho Panza, 137-9
_Sard Harker_, 82
Sassoon, Siegfried, 236
"Saul", 233-5
Schah-riar, 94
Schehera-zade, 94
Schreiner, Olive, 245
Scott, Duncan Campbell, 246
Scott, Captain R. F., 206
_Scott's Last Expedition_, 206
Scott, Sophia, 32
Scott, Sir Walter, 21-34, 62, 112, 118-21, 187, 194, 218, 220
Scott's _Journal_, 220
_Second Jungle Book, The_, 103-4
Sedley, Amelia, 148-9
Sedley, Jos., 149
Selkirk, Alexander, 68
_Sense and Sensibility_, 156
Setebos, 36
Sévigné, Madam de, 216-8
Shaftesbury, Lord, 218
Shakespeare, Hamnet, 42
Shakespeare, John, 41
Shakespeare, Judith, 42-44
Shakespeare, Susanna, 42
Shakespeare, William, 35-47, 171, 186, 194, 195, 212-3, 226, 231-2, 230
_Shakespeare_ (Lee), 194
Sharp, Becky, 148-9
Shaw, Bernard, 252
Shere Khan, 104
"She Walks in Beauty", 233-4
Shelley, 233-4, 230
_Short History of the English People_ (Green), 183
Shylock, 45
Sidney, Sir Philip, 29
_Silas Marner_, 159
Silver, John, 65
Silver Locks, 92
Sinclair, May, 252
Sindbad, 94
"Sir Patrick Spens", 114-6
Sitwell, Edith, 236
Sitwell, Osbert, 236
Sitwell, Sacheverell, 236
_Sketches by Boz_, 12
Slightly, 107
Sloppy, 8
Smith, Wayland, 23
Smollett, Tobias, 157, 186
Snodgrass, Mr., 20, 171
Snow-Drop and the Seven Dwarfs, 93
Socrates, 174
_Some Experiences of an Irish R.M._, 251
Somers, Sir George, 38
Somerville, E. OE, 251
_Son of the Middle Border, A_, 196
Spenlow, Dora, 7
Spenlow, Mr., 7
Spens, Sir Patrick, 114
Spenser, Edmund, 23, 29, 139-41, 186, 230, 231
_Spirit of the Age, The_, 214
Squeers, Wackford, 7
Squire, J. C., 252
Stanley, Henry M., 206
Steadfast Tin Soldier, The, 93
Steele, Sir Richard, 186, 212
Steerforth, 7
Stephens, James, 236, 245, 252
Sterne, Laurence, 186
Stevenson, R. L., 64-6, 212, 218, 227
Stevenson, Thomas, 64
Strachey, Lytton, 184
Strickland, Agnes, 183
Swift, Dean, 186, 212, 218
Swinburne, Charles Algernon, 236
Swiveller, Dick, 7
Sycorax, 36
Taine, H. A., 214
_Tale of Two Cities, A_, 4, 16
_Tales from Shakespeare_, 210
Talfourd, 210
_Tanglewood Tales_, 88-9
Tapley, Mark, 7, 20
Tarkington, Booth, 252
Telemachus, 88
_Tempest, The_, 35-8, 40, 44
Tennyson, Alfred, 230, 233-4
Thackeray, William Makepeace, 147-50, 187, 218
Theseus, 88
Thetis, 86-7
Thoreau, 245
_Three Musketeers, The_, 59-61
_Through the Looking-Glass_, 98
Thucydides, 166
Tinker Bell, 107
Tiny Tim, 7, 17
_Tom Brown's School Days_, 214
_Tom Sawyer_, 80-2, 100
"To a Skylark", 233-4
Tomlinson, H. M., 252
Toomai of the Elephants, 104
Tootles, 107
Toots, 7, 8
Traddles, 7
_Travels and Adventures in Canada and the Indian Territories_, 206
_Travels in West Africa_, 206
_Travels of Marco Polo, The_, 202-3
_Treasure Island_, 64-5
_Treasury of South African Poetry and Verse, The_, 245
Trelawney, Squire, 64
Tressilian, 23
Treville, M. de, 60
Trollope, Anthony, 251
Trotter, Bernard, 246
Trotwood, Miss Betsey, 7, 20
_Trumpet-Major, The_, 151-2
Tuck, Friar, 24
Tulliver, Tom and Maggie, 157-9
Tupman, Mr., 20, 171
Twain, Mark, 80-2, 245
_Twelfth Night_, 39-40, 43
_Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea_, 71
_Twenty Years After_, 60
_Two Years Before the Mast_, 73-4
Tylette, 106
Tylo, 106
Tyltyl, 106
Tynan, Katherine, 236
Ugly Duckling, The, 93
Una, 105, 140, 231
Uncas, 80
_Under the Greenwood Tree_, 151-2
_Underwoods_, 65
"Upon Westminster Bridge", 233
Valjean, Jean, 63-4
_Vanity Fair_, 148-9
Venus, Mr., 8
Verne, Jules, 71
Vernon, Die, 22
_Vicar of Wakefield, The_, 192
Victoria, Queen, 184
Virgil, 134, 141, 243
_Virginians, The_, 149
_Voyages_, (Cook), 203-5
_Voyages from Montreal Through the Continent of North America_, 206
Walpole, Horace, 218
Walpole, Hugh, 252
Wamba, 24
Wandering Willie's Tale, 27
Wardour, Sir Arthur, 26
Watson, William, 236
_Waverley_, 24
Waverley Novels, 21-7
Webb, Mary, 252
Wegg, Silas, 8, 181
_Weir of Hermiston_, 65
Weller, Sam, 5, 6, 20, 171
Weller, Tony, 6
Wellington, Duke of, 183
Wells, H. G., 252
Wenonah, 120
_Westward Ho!_, 71
_When We Were Very Young_, 101
White Rabbit, The, 97-8
Whitman, Walt, 245
Wild Swans, The, 93
Wilfer family, 8
_Wilhelm Meister_, 141
Williamson, Henry, 252
William the Silent, 183
Wind in the Willows, The, 99-100
Winkle, 20, 171
_Winnie the Pooh_, 101
_Winter's Tale, The_, 44
Wolf, Father and Mother, 104
_Wonder Book, The_, 88-9
Woodhouse, Mr., 154
Woodstock, 25
Woolf, Virginia, 252
Worldly-Wiseman, 142
Wordsworth, William, 210, 226, 230, 233
"World, The", 233
Wortley-Montagu, Lady Mary, 218
Wren, Jenny, 8
_Wuthering Heights_, 160-1
Yeats, W. B., 227, 236
Zeus, 86
ENDX