book ix
. line 1100, &c.—ED.
Footnote MW:
_Historiæ Venetæ_, 1551, fol. 83.
Footnote MX:
_Annales de la Société d’Agriculture de la Rochelle, 1843_, p. 380.
Footnote MY:
Darwin, _Journal of Researches into Nat. Hist._, 1845, p. 239.
Footnote MZ:
_Voyages of the Adventure and Beagle_, vol. ii. p. 363.
Footnote NA:
_Flora Antarctica_, p. vii, 1 and 178; and Camille Montague, _Botanique cryptogame du Voyage de la Bonite_, 1846, p. 36.
Footnote NB:
_General Remarks on the Botany of Terra Australis_, p. 4.
Footnote NC:
Humboldt, _de distributione geographica Plantarum_, p. 23.
Footnote ND:
_Essai élémentaire de Géographie botanique_, p. 62.
Footnote NE:
Formerly librarian to Sir Joseph Banks, now President of the Linnæan Society.—ED.
Footnote NF:
Robert Brown, _General remarks on the botany of Terra Australis_, in _Flinders’ Voyage_, vol. ii. p. 338.
Footnote NG:
Compare my essay, _De distributione geographica Plantarum secundum cœli temperiem et altitudinem montium_, 1817, pp. 24–44; and see the farther development of numerical relations as given by me in the _Dictionnaire des Sciences naturelles_, t. xviii. 1820, pp. 422–436; and in the _Annales de Chimie et de Physique_, t. xvi. 1821, pp. 267–292.
Footnote NH:
Humboldt et Bonpland, _Plantes équinoxiales_, t. i. p. 33, tab. 10.
Footnote NI:
See his work, _Regni Vegetabilis Systema naturale_, t. i. pp. 128, 396, 439, 464, 510.
Footnote NJ:
_Biologie_, bd. ii. s. 47, 63, 83, 129.
Footnote NK:
Decandolle, _Théorie élémentaire de la Botanique_, p. 190; Humboldt, _Nova genera et species Plantarum_, t. i. pp. xvii. 1.
Footnote NL:
_Jahrbücher der Gewächskunde_, bd. i. Berlin, 1818, s. 18, 21, 30.
Footnote NM:
Playfair, in the _Transactions of the Royal Soc. of Edinb._, vol. v. 1805, p. 202; Humboldt, on the sum total of the thermometric degrees required for the cycle of vegetation of the Cereals, in _Mém. sur des lignes isothermes_, p. 96; Boussingault, _Economie rurale_, t. ii. p. 659, 663, 667; and Alphonse Decandolle, _Sur les causes qui limitent les espèces végétales_, 1847, p. 8.
Footnote NN:
_Introduction to Botany_, 2nd ed. p. 504.
Footnote NO:
Manuscript notice communicated to the “Gartenbau-Verein” in Dec. 1846.
Footnote NP:
Kunth, _Enumeratio Plantarum_.
Footnote NQ:
Ernest Dieffenbach, _Travels in New Zealand_, 1843, vol. i. p. 419.
Footnote NR:
Joseph Hooker, _Flora Antarctica_, pp. 73–75.
Footnote NS:
Sir John Herschel, _Results of Astron. Observ. at the Cape of Good Hope_, 1847, p. 381.
Footnote NT:
_Abhandl. der Akad. der Wiss. zu Berlin aus dem J. 1846_, s. 322.
Footnote NU:
See my work, _Ueber die gereizte Muskel-und Nervenfaser_, bd. ii. s. 142–145.
Footnote NV:
Humboldt, _De distributione geographica Plantarum_, pp. 225–233.
Footnote NW:
_Semanario de Santa Fé de Bogotá_, 1809, No. 21, p. 163.
Footnote NX:
Wallich, _Plantæ asiaticæ_, vol. iii. tab. 211.
Footnote NY:
_General remarks on the Botany of Terra Australis_, p. 45.
Footnote NZ:
_Voyage au Brésil_, p. 60.
Footnote OA:
Compare also Darwin, _Journal_, Ed. of 1845, pp. 244, 256.
Footnote OB:
Schomburgk, _Reisen in Britisch Guiana_, Th. i. S. 50.
Footnote OC:
_Cosmos_, vol. ii. p. 376. (Bohn’s Edition.)
Footnote OD:
Aug. de Saint-Hilaire, _Morphologie végétale_, 1840, p. 176.
Footnote OE:
“In the Palm groves at Pihiguao, single trees annually bear as 400 fruit of an apple shape; and it is well known among the Brothers of San Francisco, who live on the banks of the Orinoco and Guania, that the Indians become very fat at the time that the Palms put forth their unctuous fruit.”—Humboldt, _de distrib. geogr. Plant._, p. 240.
Footnote OF:
Compare my _Essai sur la Géographie des Plantes_, p. 29, and my _Rélat. hist._ t. i. pp. 104, 587, t. ii. pp. 355, 367.
Footnote OG:
_Cosmos_, vol. ii. p. 524 (Bohn’s Edition).
Footnote OH:
Compare Lassen, _Indische Alterthumskunde_, bd. i. s. 262, with my _Essai politique sur la Nouvelle Espagne_, t. ii. p. 382, and _Rélat. hist._, t. i. p. 491.
Footnote OI:
Humboldt et Bonpland, _Plantes équinoxiales_, t. i. p. 82, pi. 24; _Essai polit. sur la Nouv. Esp._ t. i. p. 98.
Footnote OJ:
See our _Plantes équin._ t. ii. p. 113, pl. 116.
Footnote OK:
See his _Tableau des Provinces situées sur la côte occidentale de la Mer Caspienne, entre les fleuves Terek et Kour_, 1798, pp. 58, 120.
Footnote OL:
See Molina’s _Storia naturale del Chili_, 1782, p. 174.
Footnote OM:
Klotzsch, _Ueber die geographische Verbreitung der Erica-Arten mit bleibender Blumenkrone. Manuscr._
Footnote ON:
_Flora Sibirica_, t. iv., p. 129.
Footnote OO:
_Flora Rossica_, t. i., pars 2, p. 53.
Footnote OP:
_Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of the Erebus and Terror_, 1844, p. 210.
Footnote OQ:
_Philos. Transact._, vol. lxxix. p. 86.
Footnote OR:
_Handbuch der Botanik_, s. 609.
Footnote OS:
Claudio Gay, _Flora Chilensis_, 1848, p. 30.
Footnote OT:
Wislizenus, _Tour to Northern Mexico_, 1848, p. 97.
Footnote OU:
See p. 15.
Footnote OV:
Hooker, _Flora antarctica_, p. 69.
Footnote OW:
Compare the section _Orchideæ_ in my work, _De distrib. geogr. Plant._, pp. 241–247.
Footnote OX:
See Darwin, _Journal of Researches_, p. 449.
Footnote OY:
See his _Abhandl. der Wiss. zu München_, bd. iii. 1837–1843, S. 752.
Footnote OZ:
_Synopsis Coniferarum_, 1847.
Footnote PA:
See _Cosmos_, vol. i. pp. 282–287 (Bohn’s edition).
Footnote PB:
See my _Examen crit._, t. ii. pp. 246–259.
Footnote PC:
_Flora Antarctica_, p. 229.
Footnote PD:
See _Linnæa_, bd. xv. 1841, s. 529, and Endlicher’s _Synopsis Coniferarum_, p. 96.
Footnote PE:
See Hoffmeister’s _Briefe aus Indien wührend der Expedition des Prinzen Waldemar von Preussen_, 1847, s. 351.
Footnote PF:
_Dec._ iii. lib. x. p. 68.
Footnote PG:
Thunberg, _Flora Japonica_, p. 275. The allusion is somewhat amusing; we annex a translation of Thunberg’s note:—“This fruit resembles acorns, and is of an astringent nature. For this reason the Japanese interpreters, when constrained to remain in the royal presence longer than usual, chew it, as an antidiuretic. It is brought to table at the second course with Acrodrya, and is said to be very wholesome, and to relax the bowels although it constricts the mouth. The expressed oil is in request for the kitchen, especially among the Chinese monks who live at Nagasacca.”—ED.
Footnote PH:
Gay, _Flora Chilensis_, p. 340.
Footnote PI:
See my _Examen crit._ t. iii. p. 24.
Footnote PJ:
See Ratzeburg, _Forstreisen_, 1844, s. 287.
Footnote PK:
Torrey and Frémont, _Report of the Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains in 1844_, p. 319.
Footnote PL:
Endlicher, _Coniferæ fossiles_, p. 301.
Footnote PM:
See _Journal of the Royal Institution_, 1826, p. 325.
Footnote PN:
See description in Lewis and Clarke’s _Travels to the Source of the Missouri River and across the American Continent to the Pacific Ocean (1804–6)_, 1814, p. 456.
Footnote PO:
Dwight, _Travels_, vol. i. p. 36, and Emerson, _Report on the Trees and Shrubs growing naturally in the Forests of Massachusetts_, 1846, p. 60–66.
Footnote PP:
Auguste de St. Hilaire, _Morphologie végétale_, 1840, p. 98.
Footnote PQ:
_Linnæa_, bd. xv. 1841, s. 489.
Footnote PR:
Emerson, _Report on the Forests_, pp. 49, 101.
Footnote PS:
_Morphologie végétale_, p. 91.
Footnote PT:
Göppert, _Beobachtungen über das sogenannte Umwallen der Tannenstöcke_, 1842, s. 12.
Footnote PU:
_Hist. Plant._, lib. iii. cap. 7, pp. 59, 60. Schneider.
Footnote PV:
Th. i. s. 143, 166.
Footnote PW:
Compare Unger, _Ueber den Einfluss des Bodens auf die Vertheilung der Gewächse_, s. 200; Lindblom, _Adnot. in geographicam plantarum intra Sueciam distributionem_, p. 89; Martius, in the _Annales des Sciences naturelles_, t. xviii. 1842, p. 195.
Footnote PX:
Link, _Urwelt_, Th. i. 1834, s. 201–211.
Footnote PY:
Palisot de Beauvois, _Flore d’Oware et de Benin_, t. i. 1804, p. 4, pl. III.
Footnote PZ:
_Comptes rendus de l’Institut_, t. viii. 1839, p. 454, t. ix. pp. 614–781.
Footnote QA:
Robert Schomburgk, _Reisen in Guiana und am Orinoko_, 1841, s. 233.
Footnote QB:
Pöppig, _Reise in Chile, Peru, und auf dem Amazonenstrome_. Bd. ii. 1836, s. 432.
Footnote QC:
Ernest Dieffenbach, _Travels in New Zealand_, 1843, vol. i. p. 426.
Footnote QD:
See the very correct delineations in Adrien de Jussieu, _Cours de Botanique_, pp. 77–79, figs. 105–108.
Footnote QE:
Patterson, _Reisen in das Land der Hottentotten und der Kaffern_, 1790, s. 55.
Footnote QF:
See his _Reisen im südlichen Afrika_, th. i. s. 370.
Footnote QG:
Buchanan, _Journey through Mysore_, vol. ii. p. 341; and Stirling, in the _Asiat. Res._ vol. xv. p. 205.
Footnote QH:
See Bojer, _Hortus Mauritianus_, 1837, p. 201.
Footnote QI:
_Relat. hist._ t. i. pp. 605–606.
Footnote QJ:
_Flora antarctica_, p. 97.
Footnote QK:
Hooker, _Icon. plant._ vol. ii. tab. 150.
Footnote QL:
Compare Hooker, _Flora antarctica_, pp. vii. 74, 215, with Sir James Ross, _Voyage in the Southern and Antarctic Regions, 1839–1843_, vol. ii. pp. 335–342.
Footnote QM:
Humboldt, _de distrib. geogr. Plant._, pp. 178, 213.
Footnote QN:
_Historia de las Indias_, 1535, fol. xc.
Footnote QO:
Humboldt, _Relat. hist._, t. i. p. 437.
Footnote QP:
Robert Brown, _In Expedition to Congo_, Append. p. 423.
Footnote QQ:
Abu Zacaria Ebn el Awam, _Libro de Agricultura_, traducido por J. A. Banqueri, t. ii. Madr. 1802, p. 736.
Footnote QR:
See a valuable Treatise by d’Urville, _Distribution géographique des fougères sur la surface du Globe_, in the _Annales des Sciences nat._, t. vi. 1825, pp. 51, 66, 73.
Footnote QS:
Count Suminski, _Zur Entwickelungs-Geschichte der Farrnkräuter 1848_, S. 10–14.
Footnote QT:
_Monatl. Berichte der Akad. zu Berlin_, Januar, 1848, S. 20.
Footnote QU:
Humboldt et Kunth, _Nova Gen. Plant._, t. ii. p. 22, Tab. 99.
Footnote QV:
Lindley, _Introd. to the Natural System of Botany_, p. 99.
Footnote QW:
See the additions to _Franklin’s Narrative of a Journey to the shores of the Polar Sea_, 1823, p. 765.
Footnote QX:
_Morphologie végétale_, 1840, p. 52.
Footnote QY:
Adrien de Jussieu, _Cours de Botanique_, pp. 106, 120, and 700; Darwin, _Journal of Researches_, 1846, p. 433.
Footnote QZ:
_Flora antartica_, p. 12.
Footnote RA:
_Cosmos_, vol. ii. p. 453 (Bohn’s edition.)
Footnote RB:
Aristot. _De Generat. Animal._ v. i. p. 778, and _De Somno et Vigil._ cap. i. p. 455, Bekker.
Footnote RC:
Kunth, _Lehrbuch der Botanik_, 1847. Th. i. s. 511; Schleiden, _Die Pflanze und ihr Leben_, 1848, s. 100.
Footnote RD:
_Probl._ 20, 7.
Footnote RE:
_Theoria Generationis_, § 5–9.
Footnote RF:
See Kunth, _Synopsis Plantarum quas in itinere collegerunt_, Al. de Humboldt et Am. Bonpland, t. iii. pp. 87, 360.
Footnote RG:
_Geognostical Essay on the superposition of Rocks in both Hemispheres._ 8vo. Lond. 1803.
Footnote RH:
See _Abhandl. der Königl. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin_. Jahr 1822 und 1823, s. 3–20.
Footnote RI:
_Acta S. Patricii_, p. 555, ed. Ruinart; _Cosmos_, vol. i. p. 220, (Bohn’s edition).
Footnote RJ:
A Portico in Athens containing a picture gallery painted chiefly by Polygnotus, with the assistance of Micon and Panænus. Zeno taught his doctrines there, and was in consequence called the Stoic, from stoa, a portico, and his school the Stoic-school—ED.
Footnote RK:
The very same idea is expressed in Schiller’s _Walk under the Linden Trees_.—ED.
Footnote RL:
See _Aphorismi ex doctrina Physiologiæ chemicæ Plantarum_, in Humboldt, _Flora Fribergensis subterranea_, 1793, pp. 133–136. _Translation_;—“If you attentively consider the whole nature of things, you will discover a great and permanent difference amongst elements, some of which obeying the laws of affinity, others independent, appear in various combinations. This difference is by no means inherent in the elements themselves and in their nature, but seems to be derived solely from their particular distribution. We call that matter inert, brute, and inanimate, the particles of which are combined according to the laws of chemical affinity. On the other hand, we call those bodies animate and organic, which, although constantly manifesting a tendency to assume new forms, are restrained by some internal force from relinquishing that originally assigned them. That internal force, which dissolves the bonds of chemical affinity, and prevents the elements of bodies from freely uniting, we call vital. Accordingly, the most certain criterion of death is putrescence, by which the first parts, or stamina of things, resume their pristine state, and obey the laws of affinity. In inanimate bodies there can be no putrescence.”
Footnote RM:
Henle, _Allgemeine Anatomie_, 1841, pp. 216–219.
Footnote RN:
Pulteney Alison, in the _Transact. of the Royal Soc. of Edinburgh_, vol. xvi. p. 305.
Footnote RO:
_Cosmos_, vol. i. p. 58. (Bohn’s Edition.)
Footnote RP:
Vol. i. p. 349. (Bohn’s Edition.)
Footnote RQ:
Compare also the critique on the acceptation of special vital forces in Schleiden’s _Botanik als inductive Wissenschaft_,