Part 12

=merx= (merc-), _wares_; =mercor= (mercāt-), _I purchase_; =merces= (mercēd-), _hire_: merchant, mercantile, market = mart, mercenary.

=mēt-iri= (mens-), _to measure_: mensuration, dimension, measure (Fr.).

=miles= (mīlĭt-), _soldier_: military, militant, militia.

=mille=, _thousand_: mile, millesimal, million and millimetre (Fr.), etc.

=mōns= (mŏn-), _mountain_: mount and mountain (Fr.), promontory.

=mĭnu-o= (mĭnut-), _lessen_; =minor=, _less_; =minister=, _servant_: minu-end, minute, diminutive, minority, minimum, ministry, ministration, minstrel (Fr.).

=mīr-āri= (mīrāt-), _to wonder at_: miracle, Fr., mirage, mirror, marvel.

=misce-o= (mixt-), _I mix_: mixture, promiscuous, miscellaneous.

=mitto= (mĭss-), _I send_: com-mit, missile, mission, dismissal, manu-mit.

=mŏd-us= and =modul-us=, _a measure_; verb stems =mŏderāt-=, =mŏdul-āt-=: modesty, modal, modify, moderate, modulation; (Fr.), model, mode = mood.

=mōles=, _mass_: mole (_i.e._, dam), molecule, demolish, demolition.

=mŏne-o=, (mŏnĭt-), _I warn_; =monstr-um=, _warning_, _prodigy_: monu-ment, monition, remonstrate, admonish and monster (Fr.).

=morbus=, _disease_; =mors= (mort-), _death_: morbid, mortal, mortify.

=morde-o= (mors-), _I bite_: mordant, mordacious, morsel (Fr.), remorse.

=mōs=, _custom_, pl. =mōres=, _manners_: moral, moralize, morose, demure (Fr.).

=mŏve-o= (mōt-), _I move_; =mobilis=, _movable_: movement, motion, remote, motive, mobile (Fr.), mobility, mob (= Lat. _mobĭlĕ_), move (Fr.).

=mūni-o= (munīt-), _I fortify_; =mūr-us=, _a wall_: muniment, munition, mural, intra-, extra-mural, ammunition.

=mūnis=, _obliging_; =mūnus= (mūner-), _service_, _gift_; =municeps=, _citizen_: munificent (_facio_), immunity, remuneration, municipal.

=mūt-o= (mūtāt-); =mūtu-us=, _borrowed_: mutable, per-mutation, commute.

=Nāsc-i= (nāt-), _to be born_: nasc-ent, natal, nativity, nation, nature, cognate.

=nāvis=, _ship_; =nauta=, _sailor_: naval, navy, nautical.

=nect-o= (nex-), _I bind_: con-nect, nexus, an-nex, annexation.

=nĕg-o= (nĕgāt-), _I deny_: negation; deny, re-negade (Span.).

=neuter= (neutr-), _neither_: neuter, neutrality, neutralize.

=nō-=, _older_; =gnō-=, _know_; =nobilis=, _noble_; =nōtus=, _well known_; =nō-men= (nōmĭn-), _name_; =ignōr-āre=, _not to know_; nobility, i-gnoble (i = _in_, not), en-noble, notice and notify, notion, notorious, noun (Fr.), nominal, ignomin-ious, nominate, nomina-tive, denominator, ignorant.

=nŏce-o=, _I harm_; =nox-ius=, _hurtful_: in-noc-ent, innocuous, noxious, nuisance.

=norma=, _a rule_; root nō- as in _nōtus_: normal, abnormal, enormous.

=nota=, _a mark_; =nŏt-o=, (nŏtāt-), _I mark_: note and notable (Fr.), notary.

=nŏvus=, _new_; =nuntius=, _news_: novel and novice (Fr.), in-nov-ation, denunciate, an-nunciation = announcement (Fr.), pronounce (Fr.).

=nox= (noct-), _night_: noct-urnal, equi-nox, equinoctial.

=nūbĕre= (nupt-), _to marry_: con-nubial, nuptial.

=nutri-o= (nutrīt-), _I nourish_; =nutrix= (nutrīc-), _a nurse_: nutri-ent, nutri-ment, nutritious; through Fr., nurse, nursling, nourish, nurture.

=Ŏculus=, _eye_: ocular, oculist, ocellus.

=omnis=, _all_: omnibus, omni-scient, omnipotent.

=ŏnus= (ŏnĕr-), _burden_: onerous, ex-onerate.

=ops=, _means_; =ōptimus=, _best_: opulent, optimist, optimates.

=ŏpus= (ŏpĕr-), _work_; =ŏpĕra=, _service_: operate, operative, co-operation, opera.

=opt-o= (optāt-), _I desire_: option, adopt, adoptive, optative.

=ordo= (ordĭn-), _order_, _row_; =ordĭn-o= (ordĭnāt-), _I set in order_; =orno= (ornāt-), _I deck_: ordinal, extra-ordinary, ordination, co-ordinate, in-subordination, orna-ment, ad-orn, ornate; through Fr., order, ordain.

=oriens=, _rising_ (=sōl oriens=, _the east_); =orīgo= (orīgĭn-), _source_: orient, orientalist, orientation, origin (Fr.), originality.

=ōs= (ōr-), _mouth_; =ōr-o= (ōrāt-), _I speak_, _pray_; =ōmen= (omin-), _token_: oral, or-acle, o-rotund, ori-fice (_facio_), os-cul-ation, adore, oration = orison.

=ōvum=, _egg_; =ōvātio=, _an ovation_: oval, ovary, ovi-form, ovi-parous (_pario_).

=Paenīt-ēre=, _to be sorry_: through Fr., penitent, repentance, penance.

=pāgus=, _country district_: pagan, page (boy) and peasant (Fr.).

=par=, _equal_: parity; through Fr., pair, peer, compeer, dis-parage, um-pire.

=păro= (părāt-), _make ready_: com-par-able, ap-paratus, pre-paration; through Fr., repair, reparation, comparison, parry, parade, para-sol (Port.).

=pār-ēre=, _be visible_: ap-parent; through Fr., appear, peer (= to peep).

=pars= (part-), _part_; =partīt-us=, _divided_: partitive, partition,

## participate (_căpio_); through Fr., part, parcel, partner, parse.

=pătēre=, _to be open_; =pandĕre= (pans-, pass-), _to extend_: patent, paten, patella = pail (Fr.), expand; through Fr. pass, passage, pace, pan.

=pater= (patr-), _father_; =patria=, _fatherland_; =patricius=, _patrician_: paternal, patron, patrimony, patrician, ex-patriate.

=păt-i= (pass-), _to suffer_: patient, com-pat-ible, passion, compassion, passive.

=paucus=, _few_, _little_; =pauper=, _poor_: paucity, pauperism; through Fr., poverty, poor, im-poverish.

=pectus= (pectŏr-), _breast_: pectoral, expectorate, para-pet (Ital. _petto_, breast).

=pecunia=, _money_; =peculium=, _personal property_: pecuniary, im-pecunious, peculiar, peculation.

=pell-o= (puls-), _beat_, _drive_; =pulso= (pulsāt-), _push_, _strike_: com-pel, re-pellent, ex-pulsion, pulse, pulsation.

=pend-ēre= (pens-), _to hang_ (1); =pĕnd-ĕre= (pens-), _to weigh_, _pay_ (2); =pŏndus= (pŏnder-), _weight_: (1) pendent, pendant (Fr.), im-pending, pendulous, pendulum, de-pend; (2) ex-pend, spend, dis-pense, compensate, recompense (Fr.), compendium, suspension, pensive, poise (Fr.); ponder (Fr.).

=pēs= (pĕd-), _foot_; =ex-pedi-o= (expĕdīt-), _I set free_: pedal, ped-estrian, pedestal (Span.), expedite, impediment.

=ping-o= (pĭct-), _I paint_: pig-ment, picture, pictorial, depict, paint (F.).

=pĭus=, _dutiful_: pious, piety = pity (Fr.).

=plăc-ēre=, _to be pleasing_; =plāc-āre= (plācāt-), _to quiet_: placid, com-placent, complaisance (Fr.), please and pleasure (Fr.), placable, placate.

=planta=, _a plant_, _sole_: sup-plant, plantation, plantain (Fr.).

=planus=, _level_: plane; through Fr., plain, plan, explain; piano (_soft_; Ital.).

=plaud-o= (plaus-), _I clap_ (=ex-plōdo=): plaudit, ap-plause, plausible, explode.

=ple-o= (plēt-), _I fill_; =plēnus=, _full_: de-plete, complement; expletive.

=plĭc-āre= (plĭcĭt-), _to fold_; =plect-ĕre= (plex-), _I weave_: du-plicate, implicit, complex; through Fr., ply, reply, display, triplet; replica (Ital.).

=plumbum=, _lead_: plumbago; through Fr., plumb, plummet, plunge.

=plūs= (plūr-), _more_: plus, plural, plu-perfect, surplus (Fr.).

=poena=, _punishment_; =pūni-o= (pūnīt-), _I punish_: through Fr., penal, penalty, pain, punitive, impunity, punish.

=pōno= (pŏsit-), _I place_: post-pone, deponent, posit, opposite, expositor, depositary; through Fr., posture, position, post, compost, compound.

=pŏpulus=, _people_; =pūblicus=, _of the people_: popular; public, publish.

=porta=, _gate_; =portus=, _harbour_; =portāre=, _to carry_: through Fr., port, porte, portal, porter, import, etc., portly, deportment, port-cullis, op-portune.

=posse=, _to be able_; =potens= (_able_): potent, potential, possible.

=praeda=, _booty_; =prehendo= (prehens-), _I seize_: predatory, depredation, prehensile, apprehend, apprentice, prey and prison (Fr.).

=prĕc-āri= (prĕcāt-), _to pray_: precarious, deprecate, pray and prayer (Fr.).

=prem-o= (prĕss-), _I press_: through Fr., re-prim-and, compress, print.

=prĕtium=, _price_: through Fr., precious, depreciate, appraise, price = prize.

=pri-=, _before_--=prior=, _former_; =prīmus=, _first_; =prin-ceps= (prīncĭp-), _chief_: prior, prime, primal, primitive, principal, pristine; through (Fr.), primate, primer, premier, primrose, prince, principle.

=prŏbus=, _good_; =prŏb-o= (prŏbāt-), _I test_: probity, probable, approve.

=prŏpĕ=, _near_; =proximus=, _nearest_: propinquity, approximate, approach (Fr.).

=pung-o= (punct-), _I prick_, _pierce_: pungent, puncture, expunge, compunction; through Fr., punctual, punctuate, point, poignant.

=purus=, _clean_, _pure_; =purg-o= (purgāt-), _cleanse_; =put-o= (putāt-), _trim_, _reckon_: purify, puritan, purge, am-putate (_am-_ = about), compute, deputy (Fr.).

=Quaer-o= (quaesīt-), _I seek_ [=-quīro= (-quīsīt-) in compounds]: query, acquire, inquisition, exquisite, quest and inquest (Fr.), question.

=qualis=, _of what kind_; =quantus=, _how great_: quality, quantity.

=quăti-o=, _I shake_; =-cŭtio= (-cuss-) in compounds: dis-cuss, quash (Fr.).

=quŏtus=, _what number?_: quota, quotidian (_dies_), quote and quotient (Fr.).

=Rādix= (rādīc-), _root_: radicle, eradicate, radish and radical (Fr.).

=răpi-o= (răpt-), _carry off_; =răp-ax= (răpāc-), _grasping_: rapac-ious, rapt, rapture; through Fr., rapine, ravine, rapid, ravishing, ravenous.

=rĕg-o= (rect-), =regn-o=, _I rule_, _direct_; =rex=, _king_; =rēgula=, _a rule_; =rĕg-io=, _district_: reg-ent, regnant, regi-men, cor-rig-ible, rector, rectitude, di-rect, rectangle, regal, regalia, regular, region; through Fr., regime, regiment, reign, rectify, dress (Lat. _di-rect-_), rule (Lat. _rēgula_).

=rēs=, _thing_: through Fr., real, realty, realize, republic; rebus.

=rīd-ere= (_rīs-_), _to laugh_: de-ride, derision, ridi-cule and ris-ible (Fr.).

=rīpa=, _river bank_: riparian, river (Fr. _rivière_), ar-rive (Fr.).

=rīvus=, _a brook_: rivulet; through Fr., rival, de-rive, derivation. (For river and arrive see _ripa_).

=rog-o= (rŏgāt-), _I ask_: ar-rogant, ab-rogate, interrogation, de-rogatory, (Fr.).

=rŏta=, _a wheel_; =rŏt-ula=, dimin.; =rŏt-undus=, _round_: rot-ary, rotate, rotunda, Fr., roll, rowel, roulette (all from _rotula_), roué, round.

=rumpĕre=, _to break_; =ruptus=, _broken_: rupture (Fr.), ab-rupt, e-rupt-ive, dis-ruption, bank-rupt (bank = bench, table of money changer); through Fr., rout (lit. a division), route and rut (= a path).

=Săcer= (săcr-), _sacred_; =sacr-āre=, =sanc-īre=, _consecrate_: sacrifice, sacrilege, sacerdotal, sacrament, de-secration, sanctity, sanctuary, saint (Fr.).

=sal=, _salt_: salary (_i.e._, salt-money), saliferous; through Fr., saline, salad, sauce (= _salsus_, salted).

=săli-o= (sălt-), _I leap_ (-silio, -sult-, in compounds): sali-ent, re-sili-ent, ex-ultant, saltation, in-sult, de-sultory; through Fr., sally, assail, assault.

=salv-us=, _safe_; =sălus= (sălūt-), _health_, _greeting_: salubrious, salute; through Fr., salvation, salvage, save, salutary, saviour (Lat. _salvator_).

=sānus=, _sound_; =sān-āre= (sānāt-), _to heal_: sane, sanitary, sanatorium.

=săpor=, _taste_; =săpi-o=, =săp-ĕre=, _have taste_, _be wise_: sapi-ent, sapor-ific, in-sip-idity, savour and sage (Fr.).

=satis=, _enough_; =satur=, _full_: satisfy (Fr.), satiate, asset (Fr.).

=scando= (scans-), _I climb_; =scāla=, _stairs_: a-scend, scale; scan, e-scalade.

=sci-o=, _I know_; =scĭentia=, _knowledge_; =conscius=, _privy to_: science (Fr.), nescient, scientific, conscious, prescience (Fr.), sciolist.

=scrīb-o= (script-), _I write_: scribe (Fr.), scripture, manu-script, conscription.

=sĕc-o= (sĕct-), _I cut_: secant, sectile, section (Fr.), segment, bisect.

=sĕde-o= (sĕss-), _I sit_; =as-sĭdeo=, _sit by_: sedentary, sediment, sedate, sedative, as-siduous, as-sessor, pos-session, subside, re-sidue (Fr.), supersede.

=sĕnĕx=, _old man_: senile, senior, senate, seignorial (Fr.).

=senti-o= (sēns-), _I feel_: sentient, sentiment; through Fr., sentence, sense.

=sĕquor= (sĕcut-), _I follow_; =secundus=, _following_; =secta=, _a party_, _school_; =socius=, _companion_: con-sequent, sequence, sequel; through F., obsequies, obsequious, execute, suit, suite, second, social.

=sĕr-o= (sert-), _I join_, _compose_: series, assert, desert, exert, insert, concert.

=servo= (servāt-), _I save_: con-serve, conservator, preservation, conservatory.

=servus=, _a slave_; =serv-īre=, _to serve_: servile, servant, sergeant, serf, service.

=signum=, _mark_, _sign_; =sign-o= (signāt-), _I mark_, _seal_: signal, signet, signature, signatory, significant, assign-ment, re-signation (_a signing back_).

=similis=, _like_; =simul=, _together_; =simul-o= (simulāt-), _I pretend_: similar and similitude (Fr.), as-similate, simul-taneous, simulate, assembly (Fr.).

=sōl=, _sun_: solar, sol-stice (= _sol-stit-ium_; _stare_) (Fr.), para-sol (_par-_, ward off).

=sŏlidus= (and =soldus=), _firm_; also _a gold coin_ (_military pay_): solidify and solder (Fr.), solidarity (Fr.), consolidate, con-sols, soldier (Fr.).

=sōlus=, _alone_: through Fr., sole, solitude, solitary, solitaire, de-solate, solo.

=solv-o= (sŏlūt-), _I loose_, _pay_: solvent, ab-solve, soluble (Fr.), dis-solute.

=somnus=, =sopor=, _sleep_: in-somnia, somnolence, somn-ambulist, sopori-fic.

=sŏn-āre=, _to sound_: consonant, sound, sonor-ous, sonnet, per-son, unison (_unus_).

=sparg-o= (spars-), _I scatter_, _sprinkle_: sparse, di-sperse, a-spersion.

=spĕci-o= (spect-), _I look_; =su-spici-o= (suspect-), _look up_, _mistrust_; =species=, _appearance_: speci-men, specious and specify (Fr.), spectacle and spectre (Fr.), aspect, spectator, despise and spite (= de-spite) (Fr.).

=spēr-o= (sperāt-), _I hope_: desperate, despair and prosper (Fr.).

=spīr-o= (spirāt-), _I breathe_; =spīrĭtus=, _breath_: a-spirant, inspire, conspiracy.

=stāre= (stăt-), =sĭst-ĕre=, _stand_; =stătu-o=, _I set_: di-stant, extant, substance (Fr.), station, stable, insist, obstacle and e-stablish (Fr.); state and statue (Fr.), statute, rest (= remainder), armi-stice and sol-stice (Fr.).

=stern-ĕre= (strāt-), _to spread_, _extend_, _cover_; consternation, prostrate, stratum, stratify, street (through Ang. Sax.).

=string-o= (strĭct-), _I draw together_: stringent, strain and strait (Fr.), strict, stricture, district, stress (Fr.).

=strŭ-ĕre= (struct-), _to build_: con-struct, structure, construe, destroy (Fr.).

=sūm-o= (sumps-), _I take_, _use_; =sumptus=, _expense_: as-sume, sumptuous.

=super=, _above_; =super-āre=, _to overcome_; =supremus=, =summus=, _topmost_: superb (Fr.), superior, supernal, insuperable, supremacy, sum and summit.

=surg-o= (surrect-), _I rise_ (see _rĕgo_): through Fr., in-surgent, surge = source, resource, resurrect.

=Tag-= (_touch_)--=tang-o= (tact-), _I touch_, =in-tĕger=, _whole_: tangent, con-tingent, tangible, con-tag-ion, intact, disintegration, contiguous, tact (Fr.).

=tĕg-o= (tect-), _I cover_: tegmen, tegument, protective.

=tempt-o= (temptāt-), _I try_, _test_: at-tempt (Fr.), temptation, tentative (Fr.).

=tempus= (tempor-), _time_; =temper-o= (temperāt-), _I regulate_; =tempes-tas=, _season_: temporal, temporize (Fr.), tense (n; Fr.), temper (Fr.), tempest (Fr.).

=tend-o= (tent-, tens-), _stretch_; =tenuis=, _thin_: tendency, extent, intend, tense (adj.), tension, attend, pretence, ostentation, tenuity, extenuate.

=tĕne-o= (tent-), _I hold_: per-tinent, tenable (Fr.), tenet, tenant (Fr.), sus-tenance, tenor, abs-tain (Fr.), detention, continue and retinue (Fr.).

=ter-o= (trīt-), _rub_, _wear away_; =tribul-āre=, _to afflict_: trite, attrition, detriment, contrite, tribulation.

=terra=, _land_: terrestrial; through F., terrace, in-ter, tureen, territory.

=testis=, _a witness_; =testor= (testāt-), _I bear witness_: testify (Fr.), testimony, attest, detest, testament, testator.

=tex-o= (text-), _I weave_: text (Fr.), texture, textile, pretext and tissue (Fr.).

=tōrque-o= (tŏrt-), _I twist_: torment and torture (Fr.), tortuous, contort, extortionate, torch and tortoise (Fr.).

=trăh-o= (tract-), _I draw_; =tract-o= (tractāt-), _I handle_: sub-trahend, tract, tractable, abs-tract; through Fr., trait, por-tray, re-treat, train, trail.

=trēs=, =tria=, _three_: trinity (Fr.), ternary, ter-centenary, triangle, tri-dent.

=trĭbu-ĕre=, _to give_, _pay_; =trĭbūtum=, _payment_: at-tribute, re-tributive, tribute.

=tueri= (tuit-), _to see_, _watch_: tuition, in-tuitive, tutor, tutelage, tutelary.

=tŭm-ēre=, _to swell_; =tuber=, _swelling_: tumid, tubercle, protuberant.

=Ultra=, _beyond_: =ultimus=, _farthest_: outrage (Fr.), ulterior, ultimate.

=und-o= (undāt-), _overflow_: ab-undant, abound (Fr.), inundate.

=ungu-o= (unct-), _I anoint_: unguent = ointment (Fr.), unction, unctuous.

=ūnus=, _one_: unit, union (Fr.), unite, unique (Fr.), uni-son (_sonus_, sound).

=ūt-ī=, _to use_; =usus=, _use_; =utilis=, _useful_: utensil (Fr.), usury (Fr.), utility.

=Vād-o= (vās-), _I go_: invade, evasion, pervasive, vade mēcum (lit. _go with me_).

=văle-o=, _am strong_; valid, valour, value, convalesce, prevail.

=vānus=, _empty_: through Fr., vain, vanish, vaunt.

=vĕh-o= (vĕct-), _I carry_: vehicle, vehement, in-veigh and invective (Fr.).

=vĕll-o= (vuls-), _I pluck_, _tear_: con-vulse, convulsive, divulsion, revulsion.

=vēlum=, _cover_, _veil_; =vēl-o= (vēlāt-), _I cover_: (Fr.), re-veal, revelation, unveil.

=vĕni-o= (vĕnt-), _I come_: con-vene, convenient, intervention; through Fr., con-vent, covenant, venture, re-venue.

=verbum=, _word_: verbal, verb (Fr.), verbose, verbiage (Fr.), proverb.

=vert-o= (vers-), _I turn_: version, adverse, versatile.

=vērus=, _true_; =vērax=, _truthful_: veracious; very, verify, aver, verdict.

=vĭa=, _way_: de-vious, deviate, trivial (Fr.), impervious; through Fr., convey.

=vĭcis=, _alternation_: vicarious, vicar (Fr.), vicissitude, vice-regal.

=vĭde-o= (vīs-), _I see_; =vīs-o= (visit-), _go to see_: e-vident, provident, prudent, visage and vision (Fr.), invidious = envious (Fr.), visual (Fr.), visitation.

=vĭge-o=, _am vigorous_; vigour, vigil (Fr.), vegetate.

=vĭnc-o= (vĭct-), _I conquer_: convince, invincible and vanquish (Fr.), victor.

=vir=, _man_; =virtus=, _worth_, _valour_: virile and virtue (Fr.), virago, trium-vir.

=vita=, _life_; =vīvus=, _living_: vital, vivid, vivacity, vivify (Fr.).

=vŏco= (vŏcāt-), _I call_; =vox= (vōc-), _voice_: ad-vocate, vocation, revoke (Fr.).

=vŏl-o=, _am willing_: bene-volent, voluntary, volunteer (Fr.), volition.

=volv-o= (vŏlūt-), _I roll_; =vōlumen=, _a roll_: de-volve, voluble (Fr.), evolution.

=vŏr-o=, _I swallow up_: de-vour (Fr.), voracious, carni-vorous.

=vŏve-o= (vōt-), _I vow_: vote (Fr.), votive, votary, devotion, devout (Fr.).

=vulgus=, _the people_: vulgar, divulge, vulgate.

GREEK ROOT-WORDS AND DERIVATIVES.

To Greek, also, English is indebted for a considerable number of words, especially in the language of science and medicine; for the ancient physicians were commonly Greeks. Since the great revival of Greek studies in England in the 16th Century, Greek literature and art have exerted an enormous influence upon English thought and literature.

=Agō=, _I lead_: strat-egy.

=a-dam-as= (= in-dom-itable), _steel_: adamant, diamond (= Fr. _diamant_).

=aēr=, _air_: air (Fr.), aerial, aerate.

=athlos=, _a contest_: athlete.

=aesthēsis=, _perception_, _feeling_: aesthetic, an-aesthesia.

=akouō=, _I hear_: acoustics.

=akros=, _top_: acro-bat, acropolis.

=allos=, _other_: allo-path, par-allel.

=anemos=, _wind_: anemometer.

=angelos=, _messenger_: angel, ev-angel.

=anthropos=, _man_: anthropoid, anthropology, mis-anthrope.

=arktos=, _a bear_: arctic, antarctic.

=archē=, _beginning_, _rule_; =arch-=, (prefix), _chief_: archetype, an-archy, archangel.

=aster=, =astron=, _a star_: asterisk, astrology, dis-aster (Fr.), astral (Lat.).

=autos=, _self_: auto-crat, auto-graph, auto-matic, auto-nomy.

=Ball-o=, _I throw_; =bolē=, _throwing_: dia-bol-ical, hyper-bole.

=bapto=, _dip_: baptise.

=barus=, _heavy_; =baros=, _weight_: barytone, barograph, barometer.

=basis=, _a going_, _foundation_: base (Fr.), basis, basement.

=biblion= (dimin. of =biblos=), _book_; bible, biblio-graphy, biblio-mania.

=bios=, _life_: amphi-bious, bio-logy.

=botane=, _herbage_, _a plant_: botany.

=bronchos=, _windpipe_: bronchial.

=Character=, _a mark_: character.

=cheir=, _hand_: chiro-graphy, chiro-mancy, chiro-pod-ist, chir-urgeon.

=chīlio-= (_e.g._ =chilio-pous=), _thousand_: kilo-gramme and kilo-metre (Fr.).

=chlōros=, _green_: chlorate, chlorine.

=cholē=, _bile_: choler, melancholy.

=choros=, _a dance in a ring_, _chorus_: chorus, choral, choir (Fr.).

=chriō=, _anoint_: Christ, chrism (holy oil).

=chronos=, _time_: chronic, chronicle, chronometer, ana-chronism.

=Daimōn=, _divinity_, _spirit_: demoniac.

=deka=, _ten_: decade, deca-logue.

=demos=, _the people_: demo-crat, dem-agogue, epi-demic.

=derma= (dermat-), _skin_: epi-dermis, hypo-dermic, pachy-dermatous.

=despotēs=, _lord_: despotic, despotism.

=diaita=, _mode of living_: diet (Fr.).

=diskos=, _quoit_: disc, dish and desk.

=dogma=, =doxa=, _opinion_: dogma, dogmatic, heterodox.

=dosis=, _a giving_; =dotos=, _given_: dose, anti-dote, an-ec-dot-al.

=draō=, _I do_: dra-ma, drastic.

=dromos=, _running_: dromedary, hippo-drome, aero-drome.

=dunamis=, _power_, _force_: dynamic.

=Eidos=, _form_; =eidōlon=, _image_; =idea=, _form_, _look_ (all from =id-=, see): ideograph, idol, kal-eido-scope.

=eikōn=, _image_: icon, iconoclast.

=electron=, _amber_: electric, electrify.

=ergon=, _work_; =en-ergeia=, _energy_: organ-ize, en-ergetic, metall-urgy.

=ethnos=, _nation_: ethnic, ethnology.

=eu=, _well_; as a prefix: eucharist, euphony, euphemism, ev-angel.

=Gamos=, _marriage_: mono-gamous.

=gaster= (gastr-), _stomach_: gastric.

=gen-=, _beget_--=genos=, _race_; =genesis=, _origin_: genea-logy, genesis, genetic.

=gē=, _the earth_: ge-o-graphy, ge-o-logy, ge-o-metric.

=glōssa= (=glōtta=), _tongue_: glossary, glottis, epiglottis, poly-glot.

=gnō-sis=, _knowledge_: gnome, gnostic.

=gōnia=, _angle_: diagonal, pentagon.

=grapho=, _write_; =gramma=, _writing_: graphic, epi-graphy, grammar.

=gumnos=, _naked_; =gumnazo=, _I exercise_: gymnasium, gymnastic.

=gunē= (gunaiko-), _a woman_: gyn-archy, gynaeco-logy, miso-gynist.

=Haima= (haimato-), _blood_: hemal, hematite, hemorrhage, an-aemia.

=hairesis=, _a taking_: heresy (Fr.).

=heteros=, _other_: hetero-dox, hetero-geneous.

=hex=, _six_: hex-agon, hexameter.

=hēlios=, _sun_: heliacal, peri-helion.

=hēmera=, _day_: ep-hemeral.

=hieros=, _sacred_; =hiereus=, _priest_: hierarchy, hieratic, hiero-glyph.

=hippos=, _horse_: hippo-drome.

=historeō=, _I enquire_: history (shortened in) story.

=(h)odos=, _way_: ex-odus, epis-ode, met-hod, peri-od.

=homos=, _same_; =homoi-os=, _like_: homo-centric, homo-geneous, hom-ily (_ilē_, throng), homoeo-pathic.

=(h)orizo=, _define_, _bound_: horizon.

=hudōr=, _water_; hydrant, hydr-aulic, hydro-gen.

=Idios=, _private_, _peculiar_; =idiōtēs=, _private person_: idiom, idiot.

=ion=, _violet_; =iōdēs=, _dark-colored_: iodide, iodine.

=isos=, _equal_: iso-sceles, iso-thermal.

=Kakos=, _bad_: cacography, cacophony.

=kalos=, _beautiful_: calligraphy, callis-thenics (_sthenos_, strength).

=kaluptō=, =kruptō=, _I conceal_: apo-calypse, eu-calyptus, crypt.

=kaustos=, _burnt_; =kautērion=, _a branding_: caustic, cautery, cauterize.

=kīneō=, _I move_; =kīnētikos=, _for moving_: kinetics, kinematics.

=kosmos=, _order_, _ornament_, _universe_: cosmetic, cosmic, cosmo-gony.

=krateō=, _am strong_, _rule_: auto-crat, demo-cracy, aristo-crat.

=kri-=, _to separate_; =krisis=, _a separating_, _deciding_: crisis, critic.

=kuklos=, _wheel_: cycle, cyclic, cyclone.

=Lab-=, _take_; =lēpsis=, _a taking_: syl-lable, epi-lepsy, cataleptic.

=legō=, _I pick out_, _say_; =lexis=, _speech_; =logos=, _discourse_, _reason_: ec-lectic (_ek_, out of), lexi-con, dialect, logic.

=leipō= (lĭp-), _I leave_: el-lipsis, ec-lipse.

=lithos=, _stone_: lithia, lithograph.

=luō=, _I loose_; =lusis=, _a loosing_: ana-lyze, dia-lysis, paralytic, (palsy is a contraction of paralysis).

=Mania=, _madness_: mania, maniac, Anglo-mania.

=math-=, _learn_; =mathēma=, _learning_: mathematics, philo-math, poly-math.

=martus= (martur-), _a witness_: martyr.

=mega= (megal-), _large_; as a prefix: mega-cephalous (_kephalē_, head), megalithic, megaphone.

=melas= (melan-), _black_: melancholy.

=melos=, _song_: mel-ody (_ōdē_).

=metron=, _a measure_: metre, symmetry, diameter, geometric.

=mēchanē=, Lat. _māchina_: mechanic, mechanism.

=mikros=, _small_: microbe (_bios_), micro-cosm, micro-scope.

=mīseo=, _I hate_: misanthrope.

=mnē-mon-euō=, _I remember_: mnē-monics, a-mnē-sty (_a_ = not).

=monos=, _alone_, _one_: monad, mon-arch, monk (Ang. Sax.), monastery, monopoly.

=morphē=, _shape_: a-morphous, morph-ology, meta-morphose.

=mousa=, _muse_: music, museum.

=mūthos=, _a tale_, _legend_: myth.

=Naus=, _a ship_: nausea, nautilus, aëro-naut (_nautēs_, sailor.)

=nekros=, _dead_: necro-polis.

=neuron=, _cord_, _nerve_: neural, neur-algia (_algos_, pain), neuritis.

=nomos=, _a law_: eco-nomy (_oikos_), astro-nomy, anti-nomian.

=Ōdē=, _a song_: ode, hymnody, parody.

=oikos=, =oikia=, _house_; =oikēsis=, _inhabiting_, _dwelling_: eco-nomy (Lat. _oeconomia_), di-ocese (= _di-oikesis_), parish (_paroikia_, Fr. _par-oisse_).

=onoma= (=onuma=), _name_: syn-onym.

=op-=, _see_; =optika=, _pertaining to sight_; =oph-thalmos=, _eye_: op-tics, optician, syn-opsis, synoptic, my-opia.

=organon=, _an instrument_: organic.

=orthos=, _right_, _straight_: ortho-doxy, ortho-graphy.

=osteon=, _a bone_: oste-itis, osteo-pathy.

=oxus=, _sharp_: oxy-gen, oxy-tone, par-oxysm.

=Pais= (paid-), _a child_; =paideia=, _training_, _learning_: ped-agogue, pedant.

=pan= (pant-, pas-), _all_: pan-acea (_akos_, remedy), pan-oply, (_hopla_, arms), pan-orama (_(h)oraō_, see).

=păthos=, _suffering_, _feeling_: pathology, pathetic, sympathy.

=pauo=, _I stop_; =pausis=, _cessation_ (Lat. _pausa_): pause and pose.

=pente=, _five_: pent-agon, pentameter, penta-teuch (_teuchos_, book), Pente-cost [_pentecostē_ = fiftieth (day)].

=petra=, _a rock_; =petros=, _a stone_: petrify and pier (Fr.), Peter, petrology, petroleum, petrescent.

=plassō=, _I mould_, _fashion_: plastic, plasm, proto-plasm (_prōtos_, first).

=pleura=, _a rib_: pleurisy, pleuritic.

=plēgē=, =plēxis=, _a blow_, _stroke_: plague (Lat. _plāga_), apoplexy, pleximeter.

=pneuma=, _air_; =pneumon=, _lungs_: pneumatic, pneumonia, pneumatomer.

=poieō=, _I make_: poet (Lat. _poēta_).

=polis=, _a city_; =polītēs=, _citizen_; =politeia=, _government_: metro-polis, polity, politic, police.

=polus=, _many_, poly-gon.

=pous= (pod-), _a foot_: poly-pus, polyp, antipodes.

=praktos=, _done_: practice.

=prōtōs=, _first_: prot-agonist, protomartyr, prototype, protoplasm.

=pur=, _fire_: pyre, pyrites, pyro-latry (= worship), pyrotechnics.

=pōleō=, _I sell_: biblio-pole, mono-poly.

=phagein=, _to eat_: sarcophagus (_sarx_, flesh).

=phainō= (phan-, phēn-, phas-), _I show_: phan-tom, phan-tasm, phant-asy = fancy (Fr.), phen-omenon, phase.

=pherō=, _I bear_; =phora=, _a carrying_: peri-pher-y, meta-phor, phos-phorus (_phōs_), sema-phore, (_sēma_, sign).

=phēmi=, _I say_: eu-phem-ism, blas-pheme (_blapsis_, injury), pro-phet.

=philos=, _dear_, _friend_: phil-tre, philo-sophy.

=phōnē=, _a sound_: phonic, phonetic, phono-graph, eu-phony, caco-phony, sym-phony.

=phōs= (phōt-), _light_: phos-phor, photo-graph, photometer.

=phrasis=, _speech_: phrase, peri-phrasis, para-phrase, phraseology.

=phrēn=, _the midriff_, _mind_: frenzy and frantic (Fr.), phrenology.

=phusis=, _nature_; =phuton=, _a plant_: physi-cal, physics, physi-o-logy, meta-physics, neo-phyte.

=Rheō=, _flow_; =rheuma=, _a flow_; =rhuthmos=, _regular motion_: cata-rrh, rheumatic, rhythm.

=rhētor=, _orator_: rhetoric, rhetorician.

=Sarx= (sark-), _flesh_: sarcasm.

=sitos=, _food_: para-site.

=skopeo=, =skept-omai=, _look at_, _consider_; =skop-os=, _watcher_, _mark_, _aim_: scep-tical, scope, hor-o-scope (_hōrā_, season), epi-scop-al, bishop [_epi-scop-os_].

=sophos=, _wise_: sophist, philosophy.

=stă-=, _stand_; =sta-sis=, _a placing_; =statos=, _placed_: ec-sta-sy, sy-ste-m (_sun_, together), static, hydro-statics, apo-state.

=stellō= (stol-), _I send_: apo-stle (= _apostolos_; _apo_, away), epi-stle.

=stichos=, _a line_: di-stich, hemi-stich.

=stratos=, _army_: stratagem, strategy.

=strophē=, _a turning_: strophic, anti-strophe, apo-strophe, catastrophe.

=sphaira=, _a ball_: sphere, atmo-sphere.

=schizō=, _split_: schism, schist.

=schole=, _leisure_, _school_: scholastic.

=Tax-is=, _arrangement_; =tak-tos=, _ordered_: syn-tax, taxi-dermist.

=taphos=, _a tomb_: epi-taph (_epi_, upon).

=temno=, _I cut_; =tomē-=, =tom-os=, _a cutting_: ana-tomy, tome (Fr.), a-tom.

=technē=, _art_: tech-nic, technology.

=tele=, _afar_: tele-phone.

=theos=, _God_: theism, theo-cracy.

=thermos=, _hot_: thermal, isothermal, thermo-meter, thermo-dynamics.

=the-=, _place_; =thesis=, _a placing_; =thema=, _proposition_; =thē-kē=, _case_, _chest_: thesis, theme, hypo-thesis, epi-thet, ana-thema.

=topos=, _a place_: topic, topography, u-topia, (u = _ou_, not--_i.e._, land of No-place).

=toxicon=, _poison_: toxin, anti-toxin, intoxicate.

=Zēlos=, _emulation_: through Fr., zeal.

=zōon=, _animal_: zo-diac (_zōdion_, dimin.), zo-ology.

WORDS, PHRASES AND NOTEWORTHY SAYINGS.

From the Greek, Latin and Modern Languages.

_A bas_ (Fr.). Down, down with.

_ab initio_ (L.). From the beginning.

_ab ovo_ (L.). From the egg, from the beginning.

_ad captandum vulgus_ (L.). To attract or please the rabble.

_ad infinitum_ (L.). To infinity.

_ad libitum_ (L.). At pleasure.

_ad nauseam_ (L.). To disgust or satiety.

_ad rem_ (L.). To the purpose, or point.

_ad valorem_ (L). According to the value.

_aequo animo_ (L.). With an equable mind, with equanimity.

_affaire d' amour_ (F.). A love affair.

_affaire d'honneur_ (F.). An affair of honor; a duel.

_affaire du coeur_ (Fr.). An affair of the heart.

_a fortiori_ (L.). With stronger reason.

_à la mode_ (Fr.). According to the custom or fashion.

_alter ego_ (L.). My other self.

_alma mater_ (L.). Gracious mother; the college of which one is a graduate.

_amende honorable_ (Fr.). Satisfactory apology; reparation.

_amor patriae_ (L.). Love of country.

_amour propre_ (Fr.). Self-love; vanity.

_anno domini_ (L.). In the year of our Lord.

_ante meridiem_ (L.). Before noon.

_a posteriori_ (L.). Reasoning from effect to cause.

_a priori_ (L.). Reasoning from cause to effect.

_apropos_ (Fr.). Suited to the occasion.

_argumentum ad hominem_ (L.). An argument to the individual man, _i.e._, to his interests and prejudices.

_ars est celare artem_ (L.). It is true art to conceal art.

_ars longa, vita brevis_ (L.). Art is long, life is short.

_artium magister_ (L.). Master of Arts.

_au contraire_ (Fr.). On the contrary.

_au courant_ (Fr.). Fully acquainted with matters.

_au fait_ (Fr.). Well acquainted with; expert.

_aurea mediocritas_ (L.). The golden or happy mean.

_au revoir_ (Fr.). Adieu until we meet again.

_autant d'hommes, autant d'avis_ (Fr.). So many men, so many minds.

_aut Cæsar aut nullus_ (L.). Either Cæsar or nobody.

_aut vincere aut mori_ (L.). Either to conquer or to die; death or victory.

_Baccalaureus in artibus_ (L). Bachelor of Arts (B.A.).

_beau ideal_ (Fr.). An ideal beauty.

_beau monde_ (Fr.). The fashionable world.

_bel esprit_ (Fr.). A person of wit or genius; a brilliant mind.

_bête noire_ (Fr.). A black beast; a bugbear.

_bis dat qui cito dat_ (L.). He gives twice who gives quickly.

_bon ami_ (Fr.). Good friend.

_bon jour_ (Fr.). Good day; good morning.

_bon soir_ (Fr.). Good evening.

_Cacoethes loquendi_, _scribendi_ (L.). An itch for speaking, writing.

_carpe diem_ (L.). Enjoy the present day; improve the time.

_carte blanche_ (Fr.). A white card; full power.

_casus belli_ (L.). The occasion or cause of war.

_cela va sans dire_ (Fr.). That goes without saying.

_c'est à dire_ (Fr.). That is to say.

_ceteris paribus_ (L.). Other things being equal.

_chacun à son goût_ (Fr.). Every one to his taste.

_chère amie_ (Fr.). A dear (woman) friend.

_chef d'œuvre_ (Fr.). A masterpiece.

_ci devant_ (Fr.). Formerly; heretofore.

_comme il faut_ (Fr.). As it should be.

_compagnon de voyage_ (Fr.). A travelling companion.

_con amore_ (It.). With love; very earnestly.

_corrigenda_ (L.). Corrections to be made.

_coup d'état_ (Fr.). A sudden decisive blow in politics; a stroke of policy.

_coup de grace_ (Fr.). A finishing stroke.

_cui bono?_ (L.). For whose advantage? to what end?

_cuisine_ (Fr.). A kitchen; cookery.

_cul de sac_ (Fr.). The bottom of a bag; a place closed at one end.

_cum grano salis_ (L.). With a grain of salt; with some allowance.

_Debut_ (Fr.). First appearance.

_de gustibus non est disputandum_ (L.). There is no disputing about tastes.

_dei gratiâ_ (L.). By the grace of God.

_de jure_ (L.). From the law; by right.

_de mortuis nil nisi bonum_ (L.). (Say nothing but good of the dead.)

_de novo_ (L.). Anew.

_deo adjuvante_ (L.). God assisting.

_deo gratias_ (L.). Thanks to God.

_Deo volente_ (L.). God willing.

_de profundis_ (L.). Out of the depths.

_dernier ressort_ (Fr.). A last resource.

_desipere in loco_ (L.). To jest or be jolly at the proper time.