CHAPTER XLI

.

THE AFRICAN NEGROES.

Causes of the Inferiority of Negro Civilisation--Natural Capabilities of the Negro--Geographical Formation of Africa-- Its Political Condition--Physical Conformation of the Negro-- Fetishism--The Rain-Doctor--The Medicine-Man--Religious Observances--Gift-Offerings--Human Sacrifices--Ornaments--The Peléle--The Bonnians--Their Barbarous Condition--The Town of Okolloma--Negroes of the Lake Regions--The Iwanza--Slavery--A Miserable Group 518

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE CHROMOXYLOGRAPHS.

Primitive Forest _Frontispiece_ Savannah on Fire 11 Cereus Giganteus 135 Lum Tree 144 Termite Hills 242 Flamingoes 360 Condor-catching 378 Tiger 454

WOODCUTS.

African Bushmen 85 Bedouin warriors 104 Birds:-- Adjutant 303 Argus Pheasant 360 Bird of Paradise 364 Campanero 350 Cardinal 80 Cassowary 391 Condor 377 Crested Cassique and Baltimore Oriole 353 Emu 391 Fiery Topaz and Hermit 348 Frigate Bird 268 Harpy Eagle 380 Honey Eater, lanceolate 375 Hornbill, Rhinoceros 358 Humming-Birds 342, 347, 370 Ibis, Egyptian 361 Java Sparrow 164 Macaw, Blue 42 Mocking-bird 80 Parrots 392 Peacock, Javanese 360 Secretary Bird 303 Sparrow, Baya 367 Swallow dicæum 371 Swallow, Esculent 269 Tailor Birds 368 Talegalla, Lathami 372 Toucan 346 Turkey Buzzard 378 Vulture, Sociable 381 Weaver-bird, Sociable 365 Woodpecker, Ivory-billed 60 Botocundo Indians attacking a jaguar 62 Caravan 399 Ceylonese cocoa-nut oil mill 146 Coral Island 266

Fishes:-- Electrical Eel (Gymnotus electricus) 17 Sun Fish 271 Sword tail 271 Guano Island 30 General Fraser’s coffee estate at Rangbodde, Ceylon 178 Head-dresses of East African negroes (from Burton) 518 High Table-lands of Peru 20 Insects:-- Ants and Termites 221 Beetle, Diamond 252 Buprestis gigas 252 Cochineal 250 Cocujas 210 Copris hamadryas 206 Cyclommatus tarandus (Borneo) 220 Foraging ants 238 Fungus ant 239 Leucopholis bimaculata 207 Locust 231 Mantichora mygaloides 205 Mantis 209 Mormolyce, Javanese 210 Odontolabris cuvera 206 Phyllium 208 Scorpion 218 Termite 244 Soldier 245 Tsetse 229 Land crabs 273 Malay pirates 253 Mammalia:-- Aard-vark 486 Aguti 14 Alpaca 25 Camel, Bactrian 401 Capybara 333 Chinchilla 27 Coatimondi, Rufous 499 Coffee Rat 185 Dromedary 401 Elephants 431 Flying Foxes 490 Giraffes and Zebras 404 Gnu 411 Hippopotamus 417 Howling Monkey 510 Jackal 456 Koodoo 88, 411 Lemurs, handed 510 Leopard and Cheetah 446 Llama 23 Malay Bear 147 Mandrill 510 Mongoos 302 Musk Deer 84 Nylghau 412 Opossum 34 Palm Squirrel 147 Pangolin, the Indian 482 Peccary 14 Pichiciago 488 Pig-faced Baboon 510 Porcupine echidna 488 Quagga 414 Rhinoceros 423 Rhinolophus 493 Sloth 477 Springbok 409 Tarsius Bancanus 510 Wanderoos 496 Whale, Sperm 267 Zebra 415 Plants:-- Areca Palm 162 Banana and the Plantain 163 Banyan 125 Baobab Trees at Manaar 120 Bo-tree, the Sacred 127 Bottle-tree 138 Caoutchouc Trees--Indians incising them 188 Cocoa-nut tree 147 Cinnamon 197 Clove 197 Date-tree 155 Dragon-tree at Orotava 123 Fig-tree at Polanarrua 136 Indigo Plant 193 Mangosteen 173 Mangrove-tree 140 Mimosa 135 Nepenthes 12 Nutmeg 202 Oil Palm 157 Pepper Plant 202 Snake-tree 139 Sugar Cane 174 Sycamore 124 Yriartea ventricosa 161 Polynesian fishermen 276 Reptiles:-- Alligator 333 Amblyrhyne 321 Basilisk 318 Chameleon 313 Crocodiles and Alligators 332 Flying Dragon 318 Gecko 311 Iguana 314 Monitor 315 Rattlesnake 298 Toad, Bahia 319 Surinam 318 Toad and Anolis 310 Tortoise, Marsh 324 Turtle, Green 329 Loggerhead 331 Uropeltis Philippinus 292 Tower in Agades 93 Tropical Tornado 1

[Illustration: TROPICAL TORNADO.]

##