Chapter 3 of 3 · 28153 words · ~141 min read

Chapter VII

DIAPHRAGMATA.

ITER I. Rhutupia is prima in Britannia insula civitas versus Galliam apud Cantios sita a Gessoriago Bonnoniae portu, unde commodissimus in supradictam insulam transitus obtingit, CCCCL. stadia, vel ut alii volunt XLVI. mille passuum remota: ab eadem civitate ducta est via Guethelinga dicta, usque in Segontium per m.p. CCCXXIIII. plus minus sic:--Cantiopoli, quae et Duroverno, m.p. X. Durosevo XII. Duroprovis XXV. deinde m.p. XXVII. transis Thamesin intrasque provinciam Flaviam et civitatem Londinium (Augustam), Sulo Mago m.p. VIIII. Verolamio municipio XII. unde fuit Amphibalus et Albanus Martyres. Foro Dianae XII. Magio Vinio XII. Lactorodo XII. Isanta Varia XII. Tripontio XII. Benonis VIIII. Hic bisecatur via, alterutrumque ejus brachium Lindum usque, alterum versus Viriconium protenditur, sic: Manduessuedo m.p. XII. Etoceto XIII. Pennocrucio XII. Uxaconia XII. Virioconio XI. Banchorio XXVI. Deva Colonia X. Fines Flaviae et Secundae, Varis m.p. XXX. Conovio XX. Seguntio XXIIII.

ITER II. A Seguntio Virioconium usque, m.p. LXXIII. sic:--Heriri monte m.p. XXV. Mediolano XXV. Rutunio XII. Virioconio XI.

ITER III. A Londinio Lindum coloniam usque, sic: Durosito m.p. XII. Caesaro Mago XVI. Canonio XV. Camaloduno colonia VIIII. ibi erat templum Claudii, arx triumphalis, et imago Victoriae deae. Ad Sturium amnem m.p. VI. et finibus Trinobantum Cenimannos advenis, Cambretonio m.p. XV. Sito Mago XXII. Venta Cenom. XXIII.... Camborico colonia XX. Durali ponte XX. Durno Mago XX. Isinnis XX. Lindo XX.

ITER IV. A Lindo ad Vallum usque, sic:--Argolico m.p. XIIII. Dano XX. Ibi intras Maximam Caesariensem, Legotio m.p. XVI. Eboraco municip. olim colonia sexta m.p. XXI. Isurio XVI. Cattaractoni XXIIII. ad Tisam X. Vinovio XII. Epiaco XVIIII. ad Murum VIIII. trans Murum intras Valentiam. Alauna amne m.p. XXV. Tueda flumine XXX. ad Vallum....

ITER V. A limite Praeturiam usque, sic:--Curia m.p.... ad Fines m.p.... Bremenio m.p.... Corstoplio XX. Vindomora VIIII. Vindovio XVIIII. Cattaractoni XXII. Eboraco XL. Derventione VII. Delgovicia XIII. Praeturio XXV.

ITER VI. Ab Eboraco Devam usque, sic:--Calcaria m.p. VIIII. Camboduno XXII. Mancunio XVIII. Finibus Maximae et Flaviae m.p. XVIII. Condate XVIII. Deva XVIII.

ITER VII. A Portu Sistuntiorum Eboracum usque, sic:--Rerigonio m.p. XXIII. ad Alpes Peninos VIII. Alicana X. Isurio XVIII. Eboraco XVI.

ITER VIII. Ab Eboraco Luguvalium usque, sic:--Cattaractoni m.p. XL. Lataris XVI. Vataris XVI. Brocavonacis XVIII. Vorreda XVIII. Luguballia XVIII.

ITER VIIII. A Luguballio Ptorotonim usque, sic:--Trimontio m.p.... Gadanica m.p.... Corio m.p.... ad Vallum m.p.... Incipit Vespasiana. Alauna m.p. XII. Lindo VIIII. Victoria VIIII. ad Hiernam VIIII. Orrea XIIII. ad Tavum XVIIII. ad AEsicam XXIII. ad Tinam VIII. Devana XXIII. ad Itunam XXIIII. ad Montem Grampium m.p.... ad Selinam m.p.... Tuessis XVIIII. Ptorotone m.p....

ITER X. Ab ultima Ptorotone per medium insulae Isca Damnonorum usque, sic:--Varis m.p. VIII. ad Tuessim XVIII. Tamea XXVIIII.... m.p. XXI. in Medio VIIII. Orrea VIIII. Victoria XVIII. ad Vallum XXXII. Luguballia LXXX. Brocavonacis XXII. ad Alaunam m.p.... Coccio m.p.... Mancunio XVIII. Condate XXIII. Mediolano XVIII. Etoceto m.p.... Salinis m.p.... Glebon colonia m.p.... Corino XIIII. Aquas Solis m.p.... ad Aquas XVIII. ad Uxellam amnem m.p.... Isca m.p....

ITER XI. Ab Aquis per Viam Juliam Menapiam usque, sic:--ad Abonam m.p. VI. ad Sabrinam VI. unde trajectu intras in Britanniam Secundam et stationem Trajectum m.p. III. Venta Silurum VIII. Isca colonia VIIII. unde fuit Aaron Martyr. Tibia amne m.p. VIII. Bovio XX. Nido XV. Leucaro XV. ad Vigesimum XX. ad Menapiam XVIIII. Ab hac urbe per XXX. m.p. navigas in Hyberniam.

ITER XII. Ab Aquis Londinium usque, sic:--Verlucione m.p. XV. Cunetione XX. Spinis XV. Calleba Attrebatum XV. Bibracte XX. Londinio XX.

ITER XIII. Ab Isca Uriconium usque, sic:--Bultro m.p. VIII. Gobannio XII. Magna XXIII. Branogenio XXIII. Urioconio XXVII.

ITER XIIII. Ab Isca per Glebon Lindum usque, sic:--Ballio m.p. VIII. Blestio XII. Sariconio XI. Glebon colonia XV. ad Antonam XV. Alauna XV.... Vennonis XII. Ratiscorion XII. Venromento XII. Margiduno XII. ad Pontem XII. Croco colana Lindum XII.

ITER XV. A Londinio per Clausentum in Londinium, sic:--Caleba m.p. XLIIII. Vindomi XV. Venta Belgarum XXI. ad Lapidem VI. Clausento IIII. Portu Magno X. Regno X. ad Decimum X. Anderida portu m.p.... ad Lemanum m.p. XXV. Lemaniano portu X. Dubris X. Rhutupis colonia X. Regulbio X. Contiopoli X. Durelevo XVIII. Mado XII. Vagnaca XVIII. Novio Mago XVIII. Londinio XV.

ITER XVI. A Londinio Ceniam usque, sic:--Venta Belgarum m.p. XC. Brige XI. Sorbioduno VIII. Ventageladia XII. Durnovaria VIIII. Moriduno XXXIII. Isca Damnon. XV.... Durio amne m.p.... Tamara m.p.... Voluba m.p.... Cenia m.p....

ITER XVII. Ab Anderida [Eboracum] usque, sic:--Sylva Anderida m.p.... Noviomago m.p.... Londinio m.p. XV. ad Fines m.p.... Durolisponte m.p.... Durnomago m.p. XXX. Corisennis XXX. Lindo XXX. in Medio XV. ad Abum XV. unde transis in Maximam, ad Petuariam m.p. VI. dein le Eboraco, ut supra, m.p. XLVI.

ITER XVIII. Ab Eboraco, per medium insulae Clausentum usque, sic:--Legiolio m.p. XXI. ad Fines XVIII.... m.p. XVI.... m.p. XVI. ... Derventione m.p. XVI. ad Trivonam XII. Etoceto XII. Manduessuedo XVI. Benonnis XII. Tripontio XI. Isannavaria XII. Brinavis XII. AElia castra XVI. Dorocina XV. Tamesi VI. Vindomi XV. Clausento XLVI.

Plurima insuper habebant Romani in Britanniis castella, suis quaeque muris, turribus, portis, et repagulis munita.

_Finis Itinerariorum._

Quod hactenus auribus, in hoc capite percipitur pene oculis intuentibus: nam huic adjuncta est mappa Britanniae artificialiter depicta, quae omnia loca cet. evidenter exprimit, ut ex ea cunctarum regionum incolas dignoscere detur.

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ANCIENT AND MODERN NAMES OF THE STATIONS IN RICHARD OF CIRENCESTER'S ITINERARY.

[From the London Edition, 8vo. 1809.]

The first Iter having run uniformly on the traces of the British road called Watling Street (except the small distance from Southfleet to London), and the road remaining tolerably perfect, there can be little difficulty in fixing the several stations, or indeed in correcting the sometimes corrupted numbers of the Itinerary. It begins at Richborough, and, although at present obscure from the improved cultivation of the country, may be easily traced to Canterbury, from whence it went in the direction of the present turnpike to Rochester, leaving the intermediate station at Stone Chaple, in Ospringe, a little to the left hand. At Rochester it passed the Medway, considerably above the present bridge, and instead of running to the right with the modern turnpike, it went as straight as the nature of the ground would permit, by Cobham Park, and Shinglewell, to Barkfields, in Southfleet (the station _Vagniacis_ in Antonine,) then to Swanscombe Parkwood, through which it passed, and rejoined the Dover road between the fifteenth and sixteenth milestone, near Dartford Brent. Hence it went by Shooter's Hill over the Thames to London; and then as before mentioned, by the site of Mr. Napier's house at Brockley Hill, Verulam, Dunstable, Fenny Stratford, Towcester, Burnt Walls,[689] near Lilbourne, High Cross, Manceter, Wall, Okenyate, to Wroxeter. Here, quitting the south-west branch of the Watling Street, it bore to the right by Uffington, Broughton, Overley, Hammer, and Sarn Bridge to Banchor; and from thence ran clearly by Stockach and Aldford, over the Dee to Chester.

The Roman road here joining the North-east Watling Street, before mentioned, continued with it to Bodfari, and crossing Denbighshire, went over the Conway to Caer Hun; and is supposed to have run as straight as the country would permit, to Caer Segont, about half a mile south of Caernarvon.

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This Iter runs on a branch of the South-east Watling Street, from Caer Segont, nearly in the direction of the present road to Tommen y Mur, an undoubted station in the parish of Maentrwg, by the common name of Sarn Helen, or the "paved way of the Legion." From hence it is continued to Bala; and on the banks of the Tanad, not far from the point where it is intersected by the Roman road from Caersws to Chester, was probably the lost town of _Mediolanum_. From _Mediolanum_ the road runs under the north end of the Brythen, straight, although obscurely, to Rowton, and from thence over the Severn to Wroxeter.

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As it is fifty-one measured miles from London to Colchester, and as it is probable that the stone from whence the Roman miles were measured was at least one mile west of Whitechapel church, we cannot allow any material deviation from the course of the present road, except in the neighbourhood of the capital, where the Roman road, instead of passing through Mile End, went much straighter over the Lee at Old Ford, and fell again into the course of the present turnpike at Stratford. The Itinerary allowing only fifty-two miles between London and Colchester, and the fifth Iter of Antonine agreeing with this of Richard, by stating twenty-eight as the distance between London and _Caesaromagus_, we may implicitly adopt the distances here given, and fix the intermediate stations near Rumford, Chelmsford, and Kelvedon. From Colchester the road ran to the Stour, where probably stood the Mansio _ad Ansam_. From hence to Castor, near Norwich, (the _Venta Icenorum_,) the stations and course of the road are unknown. Some commentators have supposed it ran westerly, by Brettenham and Thetford; others by Ipswich, Stowmarket, and Scole Inn; and others have carried it more easterly, by Ipswich and Blythburgh, or Dunwich, to the capital of the Iceni. In favour of the first, there is merely the supposed resemblance of the name of Brettenham to _Cambretonium_; of the second, traces of a Roman way, called the Pye Road; and of the third, a British track-way, and another Roman road, called the Stone Street. But the distances suit none of these sites, and no Roman remains have any where been found, between the Stour and Castor, sufficient to justify an alteration of the numerals.

_Icianis_ may have been Icklingham; and _Camboricum_ was most probably at Cambridge, from whence there is a Roman road discoverable to Lincoln. To the first station, Godmanchester, this Iter goes on the great communication between Colchester and Chester, which for the sake of distinction may be called the _Via Devana_; and from Godmanchester to Lincoln, on the eastern branch of the Ermyn Street, which was adopted by the Romans. Twenty miles from Godmanchester, we find the great station of Chesterton, on one side of the Nen, and Castor on the other; which probably gave rise to the two names of _Durobrivae_, and _Durnomagus_, the Roman and British towns severally noticed by Antonine and Richard. About twenty-five miles further, in the course of the road which cannot be mistaken, we find Ancaster, the _Isinnis_, _Corisennis_, or _Causennis_ of the Itineraries, from whence twenty-one additional miles bring us to Lincoln.

ITER IV. | SITES OF THE STATIONS. | (39) A Lindo ad Vallum usque, sic: | From Lincoln to the Wall. |_Corrected_| |_Numbers._ | (40) Argolico XIIII | XIIII | Littleborough. (41) Dano XX | XXI | Doncaster. Ibi intras Max | | Caesariensem | | (42) Legotio[695] m.p. XVI | XVI | Castleford. (43) Eburaco Municip. olim | | Colonia Sexta[696] XXI | XXI | York. (44) Isurio XVI | XVII | Aldborough. (45) Cattaractoni[697] XXIIII | XXIIII | Catterick. (46) Ad Tisam X | XII | Pierce Bridge. (47) Vinovio XII | X | Binchester. (48) Epiaco XVIII} | XIIII | Lanchester. (49) Ad Muram VIIII} | VIIII | Halton Chester on the Wall. trans Murum intras | | Valentiam | | (50) Alauna amne XXV | XXV | Banks of the Coquet. (51) Tueda flumine XXX | XXXV | Banks of the Tweed. (52) Ad Vallum | | The Wall.

The fourth Iter left Lincoln with the Eastern Ermyn Street, which ran to the Humber; and, after continuing on it about five miles, turned suddenly to the left, pursuing its course in a straight line to the Trent, which it passed immediately opposite to the station of Littleborough. The Roman road may be traced from hence to Austerfield and Doncaster, where it fell in with the Western Ermyn Street, and is visible all the way by Castleford, Aberford, and Tadcaster, to York. In this Iter, the station of Tadcaster is passed unnoticed, as in the former the station of Brig Casterton, near Stamford.

From York the Iter is continued along the left bank of the Ouse, till it crossed the river to Aldborough. From hence rejoining the Western Ermyn Street, it passed the Eure, and ran straight through Catterick to the Tees, which it crossed at Piercebridge. It continued by the Royal Oak, St. Andrew Aukland, and the Bishop's Park, to Binchester, where, after fording the Were, it went with the North Watling Street to Lanchester; and, without noticing either Ebchester or Corbridge, over the Tyne to Halton Chester on the Wall. Here separating from the North Watling Street, it ran with the Ermyn Street, now known in Northumberland by the name of the Devil's Causeway, to the bank of the Coquet and the Tweed, and entering Scotland on the East, was continued to the wall of Antonine.

In regard to the part of the country traversed by this Iter, there appears to have been so little connection between the work of our author and the map which accompanies it, that we can rely little on the latter either to assist or correct us. This Iter is made to begin from _Curia_, a town probably on the confines of some petty kingdom, and to pass to the first certain post of _Bremenium_, or Riechester. Now, on referring to the map, _Curia_, the principal town of the Gadeni, so far from lying on the road which leads to _Bremenium_, the capital of the Ottadini, is considerably to the westward of its course. From this disagreement, commentators have suspected a mistake of the transcriber, and imagine that _Curia_ is intended for _Corium_. It is certain, at least, that this Iter, running on the east side of the island, on the track of the Northern Watling Street, enters Northumberland at Chew Green, goes from thence to Riechester (leaving unnoticed the station at Risingham), and runs with it to Corbridge, Ebchester, Binchester, Catterick, and York.

From York to Flamborough Head, a Roman road may still be traced; and as the distance agrees with the Itinerary, and there must have been a Roman post on or near that headland, we should think it more probable that this was the site of _Praeturium_,[D] although we have not yet discovered the remains of any post on the Derwent, or the intermediate station of _Delgovicia_. So many Roman roads from different quarters point towards Stamford bridge, that there is no doubt the station of _Derventio_ was near it.

Such appears to be the incorrectness of the numerals attached to this Iter, as well as to the corresponding Iter of Antonine, that, although four of the six stations are well known, and a fifth can scarcely be mistaken, yet, we can in no other way obviate the difficulty than by supposing a station omitted, or by altering the numerals, none of which, except the first, agree with the distances between the vestiges of the different stations and their supposed sites; for example, in the first part between York and Manchester, where the Itinerary gives only 49 miles, the nearest road through Heathersfield amounts to 65.

As the only great and undoubted Roman station between Tadcaster and Manchester is at Slack (for the camps at Kirklees, and Castleshaw, are only temporary posts), it will perhaps be justifiable to fix this point as the site of _Cambodunum_; to suppose ten miles omitted in this stage; and in the next to conjecture that, by a common error in copying the Roman numerals, XVIII. has been substituted for XXIII. the exact distance from Slack to Manchester.

As the Mersey was undoubtedly the boundary on the West between the Roman provinces of Maxima and Flavia, and as the Roman road still existing crossed it at Stretford, we fix the next point there, and change the number XVII. to VI. The two next stations of _Condate_ and _Deva_, the numerals (with a slight alteration) permit us to fix at Kinderton and Chester. It is worthy of remark, that with these alterations the sum total of the numerals remains nearly the same.

This Iter runs from Freckleton on the Ribble to Ribchester, and then over the mountains to Broughton, Ilkley, Aldborough and York. As the Roman road is tolerably perfect all the way to Aldborough, and the vestiges of the stations are undoubted, we are justified in the alteration of the first two numbers, as by this alteration they will correspond with the present distances and the situations of the posts.

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The road from York to Catterick has been traced before, and the Roman way from thence to Carlisle ran nearly in the direction of the present turnpike. The only doubt which occurs, therefore, in this Iter, is whether, from a similarity of sound, the transcriber of Richard has not erroneously written Brocavonacis for Brovonacis, which are two neighbouring posts in this direction, the first Brougham, and the second Kirby Thur. As the conjecture is not improbable, the corrected distance is given from the latter.

It is worthy of observation that in this Iter four successive V's have been added by mistake of the transcriber, as is the case in regard to the X's omitted in the third Iter.

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Innumerable difficulties occur on every side in endeavouring to explain this Iter. There is great reason to believe that the _Trimontium_ of this Iter was Birrenswork Hill, and that the road ran from thence along the western side of the island as it is traced in the map of Richard. Camelon is allowed by all antiquaries to be the _Ad Vallum_: but it is impossible to draw the line between these two points; for although General Roy has mentioned a road from Carlisle on the eastern side of the Eildon Hills, and another on the western beyond Cleghorn to Castle Cary, there is little authority for the existence of either. Lynekirk has every appearance of a station, lay within the territories of the Gadeni, and would suit the situation assigned to _Gadanica_, but no road has hitherto been discovered leading to or from it. If the western trended at Biggar as much to the east, as that part which remains in the direction of Glasgow does to the west, it would have passed Borthwich Castle or the Gore, which Roy supposes was the _Corium_. Admitting the identity of this station would clear up the whole of this Iter to the Wall. There is no doubt that the sites of _Lindum_, _Victoria_, and _Ad Hiernam_ were at Ardoch, Dealgin Ross, and Strageth.

Notwithstanding the difficulties which occur in tracing this Iter from Carlisle to the Wall, yet from thence to the Tay the direction of the road, and the situation of the stations as fixed by General Roy agree so perfectly with the Itinerary, as to leave no doubt that he has ascertained their real position. But although he discovered a road north of the Tay, yet, as he found no vestiges of stations, Mr. Chalmers seems to have been more successful in fixing the posts between that river and _Ptoroton_.

It does not appear that the road was ever completed: however, from _Orrea_ on the Tay, a little above Perth, he observes, that the communication ran through the passage of the Sidlaw Hills, and along the Carse of Gowrie to the north end of the estuary of the Tay near Dundee; two miles west of which place, and half a mile north of Invergowrie, are the remains of a Roman camp about two hundred yards square, fortified with a high rampart and spacious ditch. Here he places _Ad Tavum_. Proceeding hence north-easterly through the natural opening of the country, and passing in the way the camp at Harefaulds, at the distance of twenty-three miles is Brechin on the South Esk, the station _Ad AEsicam_, exactly in the line laid down in Richard's map, and at the distance given in the Itinerary. Continuing from the South Esk in a north-north-easterly direction, at the distance of five miles and a half, we reach the North Esk, the supposed _Ad Tinam_. We pass that river at King's Ford, and proceeding up the valley of Lutherwater, at the distance of eight miles and a half find Fordun, where there are the remains of two Roman camps. From thence proceeding seventeen miles, to the well known camp at Raedikes, and continuing in a northerly direction six miles beyond, is the rectangular camp on the Dee at Peter Culter, called Norman Dikes, the _Devana_ of the Iter. This point is exactly thirty-one miles from Brechin on the South Esk, agrees with the aggregate distances in the Itinerary _Ad Tinam_ VIII, and _Ad Devanam_ XXIII, and corresponds with the track delineated on Richard's map.

The obvious openings through this rugged country point out the way by which the Romans must have penetrated northerly by the right of Achlea Fiddy and Kinmundy, to Kintore on the Don. They followed the Strath to the ford where the high road has always passed to Inverurie, and proceeded north-north-west through the moorlands, to the sources of the Ithan, and the camp at Glenmailin, the _Ituna_ of Richard, a distance of twenty-six miles. From thence proceeding northward, across the Doverna at Achengoul, where are still considerable remains of military works; and at the distance of thirteen miles, we reach the high ground north of Foggy lone, at the east side of Knock Hill, the _Mons Grampius_ of the Iter.

Hence the road runs to _Ad Selinam_, which is supposed to be on the Cullen, near the old Tower of Deskford, at the distance of ten miles. Following the course of the river, and the coast of the Murray Frith, seventeen miles, we arrive at the Roman post of _Tuessis_, on the high bank of the Spey, below the church of Bellie. Seventeen miles further is Burgh Head, the _Ptorotone_ of Richard.

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ITER X. | SITES OF THE STATIONS. | (91) Ab ultima Ptorotone per mediam | From Burgh Head through insulae Isca Damnonorum usque, sic:-- | the middle of the island | to Exeter. | _Corrected_ | | _Numbers._ | (92) Varis[708] m.p. VIII | | Fores VIIII (93) Ad Tuessim XVIII | Names and | Cromdall on Spey XX (94) Tamea XXVIIII | Numerals from | Braemar Castle XXX (95) --------- XXI | General Roy. | Barra Castle on Ila XXX (96) In Medio VIIII | | Inchstuthill XII (82) Orrea VIIII | | Bertha on Tay VIIII (80) Victoria XVIII | | Dealgin Ross XXIIII (52) Ad Vallum[709] XXXII | | Camelon XXXII (74) Luguballia LXXX | | Carlisle CXVIIII (97) Brocavonacis XXII | XXII | Brougham. (98) Ad Alaunam ... | XXXXVII | Lancaster. (99) Coccio ... | XXXVI | Blackrode. (63) Mancunio XVIII | XVIII | Manchester. (65) Condate XXIII | XXIII | Kinderton. (100) Mediolano XVIII | XVI | Chesterton. (15) Etoceto ... | XXXV | Wall. --------- | | ----------- (101) Salinis m.p. ... | XXII | Droitwich. --------- | | ----------- (102) Glebon Colon. m.p. | XXXIIII | Gloucester. (103) Corino XIIII | XVIII | Cirencester. (104) Aquas Solis m.p. ... | XXX | Bath. (105) Ad Aquas XVIII | XX | Probably Wells. (106) Ad Uxellam amnem m.p.| XXI | Probably Bridgewater. (107) Isca m.p. ... | XXXXV | Exeter.

The first part of this Iter is taken from General Roy; and as we have none of the intermediate stations between Carlisle and the Wall, every commentator may choose what route he pleases, although none will coincide with the distances of the Itinerary. From Carlisle, if we place any reliance on the numbers, the next station, _Brocavonavis_, can only be fixed at Brougham. Thence the road to the banks of the Lune, as well as the station on it, is uncertain; for, whether we choose Overborough or Lancaster, we know of no road to direct us; and the only reason for preferring the latter is the supposed site of the next station, _Coccium_, at Blackrode, and the course of the road through Lancaster, tending more immediately to that point, than the road through Overborough. The two next stations, _Mancunium_ and _Condate_, as well as the connecting line of road, are well known. From Kinderton, although there is a Roman way pointing to Chesterton in Staffordshire, the _Mediolanum_ of this Iter, and the site of _Etocetum_ is undoubtedly Wall, yet we speak with hesitation of the line of communication betwixt them; though we presume it ran through Newcastle, Stone, and Ridgeley. From Wall, which is on the Watling Street, the Iter continues along the Ryknield Street, through Sutton Colfield Park, to Birmingham. There falling in with the first Salt-Way, it proceeds to Droitwich, and is continued by the Western Road, through Worcester to Gloucester. Here, turning nearly at a right angle, it passes by the well known Roman road over Birdlip Hill to Cirencester; and trending to the right, proceeds by the Foss to _Aquae Solis_ or Bath. Quitting the Foss, and still bearing to the right, it continues along the lower road to Wells, and from thence to _Uxella_, which was probably at Bridgewater. From the banks of the Parret it ran in the track of the British Way, and the present turnpike by Taunton, Wellington, and Collumpton, to Exeter.

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ITER XI. | SITES OF THE STATIONS. | (104) Ab Aquis, per Viam Juliam, | From Bath by the Julian Menapiam usque, sic:-- | Way to St. David's. |_Corrected_| |_Numbers._ | (108) Ad Abonam m.p. VI | VI}| Bitton (109) Ad Sabrinam VI | VIIII}| Unde Trajectu[710] intras | | Sea Mills. in Britanniam Secundam | | (110) Et Stationem | | Trajectum[711] III | III | Severn Side. (111) Venta Silurum[712] VIII | VIIII | Caerwent. (112) Isca Colonia VIIII | VIIII | Caerleon. Unde fuit Aaron Martyr. | | (113) Tibia Amne[713] VIII | XV | Banks of the Tanf, | | possibly Caireu or | | Caerdiff. (114) Bovio XX | XX | In Evenny Park. (115) Nido XV | XX | Near Neath. (116) Leucaro XV | X | Perhaps Lwghor. (Muridunum omit. XX) | XX | Caermarthen. (117) Ad Vigesimum XX | XX | Castel Flemish.[714] (118) Ad Menapiam XVIIII | XVIII | Near St. David's. Ab hac urbe per m.p. | | XXX | | Navigas in Hyberniam. | |

As the course of the Roman road connecting the stations of this Iter is still discernible, we do not hesitate in correcting the imperfections of Richard by the corresponding Iter of Antonine. At Bitton, six miles from Bath, we find marks of a post attended with _tumuli_, which whether called _Abone_ or _Trajectus_[715] is of little importance, because, like the next, Sea Mills, it will suit either appellation, from its position on the Avon, and commanding a passage over that river. From Bitton the Roman way ran nearly in the direction of the present turnpike, north of the river as far as St. George's church; thence it proceeded straight near St. Paul's; ascended the Downs behind Mr. Daubeney's house to the direction-post, from whence it crossed Durdham Down, and skirted Mrs. Jackson's park wall to Sea Mills, a great maritime post at the confluence of the Trim and the Avon. It continued by Lord De Clifford's house straight to the Severn, crossed that river, and passed by Caldecot Castle through Caerwent and Caerleon to the bank of the Taaf and Evenny Park, which last place Roman remains lead us to conjecture was the site of _Bovium_. At Neath we have also little hesitation in fixing the site of _Nidus_, because a road from the _Gaer_ near _Brecon_ evidently leads to the same spot.

The remainder of this Iter is obscure. _Leucaro_ has been fixed at Lwghor, principally from the resemblance of the name. From thence the road may have run to Caermarthen (_Maridunum_), which appears to have been omitted; and was probably continued as straight as the country would permit to Castel Flemish and St. David's, where we would place the stations _Vigesimum_ and _Menapia_.[716]

* * * * *

ITER XII. | SITES OF THE STATIONS. (104) Ab Aquis Londinium usque, | sic:-- | |_Corrected_| |_Numbers._ | (119) Verlucione m.p. XV | XV | Highfield, near Sandy Lane. (120) Cunetione XX | XV | Folly farm, E. of Marlborough. (121) Spinis XV | XX | Spene. (122) Calleva Atrebatum | | XV | | Silchester. (123) Bibracte XX}| XXXXIIII | London. (5) Londinio XX}| |

As the traces of a Roman road from Bath towards Marlborough are still visible, we have only to examine in what points of its course remains have been found sufficient to justify us in determining the sites of the different stations. Accordingly, at fifteen miles from Bath we have Highfield, in Sandy Lane, near Heddington; and at fifteen more Folly Farm, near Marlborough. From hence twenty miles bring us to Spene; and although at this place few remains have been discovered, yet the direction of another Roman road, from Cirencester to the same point, sufficiently proves the existence of a station. Of the site of _Calleva_ at Silchester[717] there can be little doubt; although the course of the road from Spene is uncertain. The road from Silchester, still known by the name of the Devil's Causeway, as it runs over Bagshot Heath, as well as evident traces of it between Staines and London, still exist; but the intermediate station of _Bibracte_ is doubtful. If the numbers in this Iter be correct, we cannot deviate from the straight line, and this post must be placed near the hill at Egham, or the head of the Virginia Water.

* * * * *

The beginning of this Iter cannot be traced, notwithstanding two out of the three stations are well known; and we have little doubt that _Baltrum_ or _Burrium_ was at Usk (though no Roman remains have been found there), because the distance given from Caerleon to _Gobannium_ or Abergavenny will not admit of any deviation from the straight line. From Abergavenny, after passing the Munnow, the Roman road still exists,

## particularly near Madley, pointing to Kentchester, and from thence may

be traced by the next post of Lentwardine on the Teme, to Wroxeter.

* * * * *

This Iter ran, like the former, from Caerleon to Usk, where bending to the right it traversed the country to Monmouth. From hence, although we cannot trace the exact line of the road, yet we have no doubt that it crossed the Wye to the next station at Berry Hill, in Weston, under Penyard; and continued nearly in a direct line to Gloucester. As the author has only left the name of a river for the next station, it must be placed in such a situation on the Avon as to admit the distance of fifteen miles from the next station of Alcester, which was the site of _Alauna_. This would carry it to the westward of Evesham. From Alcester, likewise, till we reach the Foss, we have neither a road nor distance, nor even the name of a station. For this reason we deem ourselves justified in considering the undoubted Roman camp at Chesterton on the Foss, as the post omitted by our author, and from thence we proceed on that known military way to the certain stations of High Cross, Leicester, Willoughby, Bridgeford, Brough, and Lincoln.

* * * * *

This Iter leads from London to the south-west part of Hampshire, and from thence, skirting the Sussex and Kentish coasts, back to the capital.

At the first step the author gives forty-four miles as the distance between London and Silchester, instead of forty, as in the twelfth Iter; hence we may deviate a little in settling the site of _Bibracte_ or _Ad Pontes_. Of the next station we can merely offer a conjecture. As the country of the Atrebates and their capital, _Calleva_ or Silchester, is by our author described as lying near the Thames, in distinction from that of the Segontiaci,[720] whose capital, _Vindomis_, was further distant from that river, and nearer the Kennet, one point only appears to suit the distances, which bears the proper relation to the neighbouring stations, and at the same time falls at the intersection of two known Roman roads. This is in the neighbourhood of St. Mary Bourne, and affords reason for considering Egbury Camp, or some spot near it, as the capital of the Segontiaci. For by following the Roman road called the Portway from Silchester, at the distance of fifteen miles is the rivulet near St. Mary Bourne, and not far from it, the point where the Portway is intersected by the Roman road from Winchester to Cirencester; and proceeding along this last we have another distance of twenty-one miles to Winchester. The road from Winchester by Otterbourne to Stoneham, and thence by the Green Lane to Bittern, is well known, and the distance sufficiently exact. But from thence, although traces of the road are occasionally discoverable on Ridgway, and to the north of Bursledon Hill, pointing towards Fareham and Portchester, yet the latter

## part is almost totally unknown or lost. From Portchester it ran in the

track of the present turnpike to Chichester; and over the Arun not far from Arundel; and then along the coast to Pevensey, the banks of the Rother, Lymne, Dover, Richborough, Reculver, and Canterbury. There falling into the track of the first Iter, it went along the Watling Street to the bank of the Medway, and passing that river, proceeded by Barkfields in Southfleet, a station omitted before, across the country with the ancient Watling Street, (by a road now unknown[721]), to Holwood Hill, the capital of the Regni, and from thence to London.

* * * * *

The exact route from London to Winchester not being defined, we may suppose that it ran, as before, through Silchester, and from thence by St. Mary Bourne, as in the 15th Iter. From Winchester, as the road still exists leading to Old Sarum, the distance of eleven miles will probably give the site of _Brige_, although the station itself is not known; and the nine following will lead us to Old Sarum. Pursuing the course of the road, which may be still traced quite to Dorchester, remains found on Gussage Cow Down point out the site of _Ventageladia_; and the disagreement between the Itinerary and real distance from thence to Dorchester justifies us in supposing that some intermediate post has been omitted. The site of _Moridunum_ is doubtful; some thinking it to be Eggerdon, or the Hill of the Morini, with which the distance of nine miles would not disagree; while others, with more reason, prefer Seaton, the great port of the West, because the Foss leads from Ilchester directly to it. Intermediate stations have evidently been lost between this place and Exeter, as has also been the case between that place and the Dart, the Tamar, the Fowey and the Fal. From Honiton the road is visible pointing to Exeter, as well as from Exeter to Totness, and according to the ingenious Borlase, even to Lostwithiel.

* * * * *

This Iter ran in the track of the British Ermyn Street, from Pevensey and East Bourne, which were perhaps the _Anderida Portus_ and _Anderida_ of the 15th Iter, along the ridge of hills to Holwood Hill (already mentioned as the capital of the Rhemi), and from thence to London, but its traces are now so obscure as to be almost forgotten. Some think that from London it proceeded along the British Street, by the Green Lanes, Cheshunt, and to the west of Broxbourne to Ware; while others suppose that this Roman road went much straighter, and nearly in the course of the present turnpike through Ware to Broughing, a post at the confluence of the Rib and the Quin, where was probably the station _Ad Fines_, the boundary between the countries of the Iceni, the Cassii, and the Trinobantes. From hence the Roman road is so perfect by Caxton quite to Lincoln, that we fix the station of _Durnomagus_ at the great camp near Castor, and the three others at Godmanchester, Ancaster, and Lincoln. From Lincoln the Roman road proceeds directly to the banks of the Humber, having, at the distance assigned in the Iter, the _Mansio in Medio_, and the post at Winterton; from whence six miles carry us across the river to Brough, or _Petuaria_, a post often confounded with the _Praetorium_ of the 6th Iter. As there is a Roman road still existing from Brough towards Weighton, and then over Barmby Moor to York, there can be little doubt in considering it as the course of this Iter. Should, however, the forty-six miles given in the Itinerary (which appears to have been an error arising from the mistake of the transcriber in confounding _Petuaria_ and _Praetorium_) be considered as correct, the course of the Iter may be supposed to have run from Brough by Londesborough and Millington, to the great road from Flamborough, and then to have turned with it to York, making exactly the forty-six miles of the Itinerary.

* * * * *

ITER XVIII. | SITES OF THE STATIONS. | (43) Ab Eboraco per medium insulae | From York through the middle Clausentum usque, sic:-- | of the island to Bittern. |_Corrected_| |_numbers._ | (42) Legiolio m.p. XXI | XXI | Castleford. (167) Ad Fines XVIII | XXIII | Temple Brough, on the bank | | of the Don. (168) ..... XVI | XVI | Tapton Hill near Chesterfield. (169) ..... XVI | XII | Camp near Penkridge. (170) Derventione[724] XVI | XII | Little Chester. (171) Ad Trivonam XII | XII | Berry Farm, in Branston. (15) Etoceto[725] XII | XII | Wall. (14) Manduessuedo XVI | XVI | Manceter. (13) Benonnis XII | XII | High Cross. (12) Tripontio XI | XI | Near Dove Bridge. (11) Isannavaria XII | X | Burnt Walls. (172) Brinavis XII | XII | Black Ground, near Chipping | | Norton. (173) AElia Castra XVI | XVI | Alcester, near Bicester. (174) Dorocina XV | XVI | Dorchester. (175) Tamesi VI | VI | On the Thames. Vindomi } | | (122) _Calleva_ } XV | XX | Silchester. (141) Clausento XXXXVI | XXXXV | Bittern, near Southampton.

This Iter proceeds from York in the same direction as the fourth to Castleford, where, bearing to the right to join the Ryknield Street, it continues with it through the several stations of Temple Brough on the Don, Chesterfield, Penkridge, Little Chester, and Branston, to Wall. Here diverging to the left with the Watling Street, it passed through Manceter, High Cross, and Dove Bridge, to Burnt Walls. It there quitted the known road, and bore across the country, by an unknown route, to Alcester, on the Akeman street; but the considerable remains found at Black Ground, near Chippington Norton, would lead us to place the station of _Brinavis_ there, if the Roman road did not make any material deviation between Burnt Walls and Alcester.

From Alcester the road runs plainly over Ottmoor, and indeed almost all the way to Dorchester. But from thence as we can discover no traces of a road, and as our next post appears to have been only six miles distant and on the Thames, if any reliance can be placed on the number, it may be the point where the Roman road from Wantage apparently passes that river opposite Mongewell. The next distance of fifteen miles, being insufficient to lead us by any road to _Vindomis_, if it were placed either at Silchester or near St. Mary Bourne, it is more than probable that there is some error in the name of the station; and as the following number of forty-six miles agrees with the distance in the 15th Iter of the road from Silchester passing near Egbury to Bittern, we cannot help supposing that the name of _Vindomis_ has been inserted by mistake for that of _Calleva_.

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 685: On this subject it may not be improper to observe, that the name of Castor, Cester, or Chester, generally points out a Roman station; and Sarn, Street, Stane and Stone, (Strat, and Stan, when compounded) as generally show the course of a British or Roman way.]

[Footnote 686: For example these marks [Illustration], being the mutilated parts of numerals, might have been easily transformed by the copyist into IIIII. XIII. VIII. XVI. XIX. or XXI. and single numerals might have been omitted, as XX. and XXIII. for XIX. and XXXIII.]

[Footnote 687: Near Leicester.]

[Footnote 688: Hist. de l'Academie, t. 88, p. 661.]

[Footnote 689: Burnt Walls was the Roman post of _Isannavaria_; Borough Hill, on the hill above it, was the great British fortification, _Bennavenna_.]

[Footnote 690: Icianis XXVIII. _Stukeley_.]

[Footnote 691: Durolisponte, Iter 17.]

[Footnote 692: Iter 17, XXX.]

[Footnote 693: Corisennis XXX. Iter 17.]

[Footnote 694: Iter 17, XXX.]

[Footnote 695: Legiolio, Iter 18.]

[Footnote 696: Iter 5 and 8, Eburaco.]

[Footnote 697: Cataractone XI.]

[Footnote 698: Probably Corium, _Stukeley_.]

[Footnote 699: Vinovio, Iter 4.]

[Footnote 700: XXXVIII.]

[Footnote 701: This _Praeturium_ and the _Praetonum_ of Antonine must be carefully distinguished from the _Petuaria_, mentioned by our author in the 17th Iter, for _Petuaria_ was certainly at Brough on the Humber.]

[Footnote 702: Iter 10, Mancunio--Condate XXIII.]

[Footnote 703: _Stukeley_, XVIIII]

[Footnote 704: Lataris, XVII. _Stuk._]

[Footnote 705: XVI. _Stuk._]

[Footnote 706: XX. _Stuk._]

[Footnote 707: Iter 10 inverted, Brocavonacis--Luguvallia, XXII.]

[Footnote 708: VIIII. _Stukeley._]

[Footnote 709: XXX Iter 9.]

[Footnote 710: Statio Trajectus. _Comm._]

[Footnote 711: Ad Sabrinam. _Comm._]

[Footnote 712: VIIII. _Stukeley._]

[Footnote 713: Tibia VII. _Stukeley._]

[Footnote 714: This station was discovered by Mr. Fenton during his researches for his History of Pembrokeshire. It lies in the parish of Ambleston.]

[Footnote 715: We prefer the name of _Abone_ for Sea Mills, because it bears that name in old deeds; on the other hand, there appears to be no instance in which the name of _Trajectus_ is applied to a town unless at the passage of a river.]

[Footnote 716: The bishops of St. David's being called in Latin _Menapienses_ by the earliest of our ecclesiatical writers, is an argument that the station is near the present town. The site of the station itself was probably at a short distance from the modern city, at a place called the Burrows, and just above a fine harbour called the Porth Mawr.]

[Footnote 717: Few of the Roman stations have been fixed at so many different pieces as that of _Calleva Atrebatum_. It has been placed at Silchester, Henley, Wallingford, and Reading, by different antiquaries; yet in no doubtful case do more testimonies concur to ascertain the site. It was evidently a station of importance, because it appears as a central point, to which the roads traversed by three different Iters of Antonine (the 13th, 14th, and 15th,) converge. It was the capital of the Atrebates; situated at known distances from London, Winchester, Bath, Spene, and Caerleon; and at a doubtful one, though easily supplied, from Cirencester and Old Sarum. These circumstances cannot by any expedient be brought to coincide, either with Henley, Wallingford, or Reading; but all agree in regard to Silchester. Its distance nearly accords with the Itinerary distance of _Calleva_ from London, Bath, Spene, Winchester, and Caerleon, and, if a station (which is evidently lost) in the Iter of Antonine be supplied, with that from Cirencester. The present remains are those of a great Roman town; it is situated in the district formerly inhabited by the Atrebates; and in every direction traces of Roman roads converging to this point still plainly exist, from London, Spene, Winchester, Old Sarum, Bath, and Cirencester.]

[Footnote 718: Bultro, Iter 13]

[Footnote 719: _Stukeley_, X.]

[Footnote 720: Richard, b. 1, c. 6, sect. 28, describing the several nations whose territories were watered by the Thames in its course to the German Ocean, places the Atrebates between the Hedui and the Cassii, without even mentioning the Segontiaci, a proof that their territories did not approach the river.]

[Footnote 721: In Hasted's History of Kent is a passage which countenances the idea of an ancient road having traversed the country in this line.]

[Footnote 722: _Stuk._ XXX.]

[Footnote 723: It. 3. Duraliponte--Durnomago XX.--Issinis XX.--Lindo XX.]

[Footnote 724: XVI.]

[Footnote 725: It. 2, inv. Etoceto.--Manduessuedo XIII.--Benonais XII.--Tripontio Isantia Varia XII.]

APPENDIX.--No. II.

HANES TALIESIN, OR THE HISTORY OF TALIESIN

The primary domestic bard Am I to Elphin, And my original country Is the region of Cherubims. Joannes the divine Called me Merddin, At length every king Will call me Taliesin. I was full nine months In the womb of mother Cyridwen;[726] I was little Gwion heretofore, Taliesin am I now. I was with my Lord In the superior state, When Lucifer did fall To the infernal deep. I have borne a banner Before Alexander: I know the names of the stars From the north to Auster. I have been in the circle of Gwdion Tetragammaton;[727] I conducted Hean[728] To the depth of Ebron vale, I was in Canaan When Absalom was slain, I was in the Court of Don[729] Before Gwdion was born, I was an attendant On Eli and Enoc; I was on the cross-devoting sentence Of the Son of the merciful God. I have been chief keeper Of the work of Nimrod's tower; I have been three revolutions In the circle of Arianrod.[730] I was in the Ark With Noah and Alpha; I beheld the destruction Of Sodoma and Gomorra; I was in Africa Before Rome was built: I am come here To the remnants of Troia. I was with my Lord In the manger of the she-ass; I strengthened Moses Through the Jordan water. I have been in the firmament With Mary Magdalen; I have been gifted with genius From the Cauldron of Cyridwen. I have been bard of the harp To the Teon of Lochlyn;[731] I have endured hunger For the son of the Virgin. I have been in the White Hill[732] In the court of Cynvelyn, In stocks and fetters, For a year and a day. I have had my abode In the kingdom of the Trinity; It is not known what is my body, Whether flesh or fish. I have been an instructor To the whole universe; I shall remain till the day of doom On the face of the earth, I have been in an agitated seat Above the circle of Sidin,[733] And that continues revolving Between three elements: Is it not a wonder to the world, That it reflects not a splendour?

[_From Meyrick's History of Cardiganshire_, p. 65, 2 vols. London, 1806.]

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 726: Venus.]

[Footnote 727: The Galaxy.]

[Footnote 728: The Divine Spirit.]

[Footnote 729: Or Llys Don, i.e. Cassiopeia.]

[Footnote 730: The Northern Crown.]

[Footnote 731: Denmark.]

[Footnote 732: Tower of London.]

[Footnote 733: Perhaps Caer Sidin, or the Zodiac.]

GENERAL INDEX.

Aaron, a British martyr, 161, 242, 303, 466.

AElla, king of the South Saxons, 1.

AElla, usurper of Northumbria, 52.

AEneas, the Trojan, marries Lavinia, 91, 387.

AEsc, king of Kent, 7.

AEtius, a Roman general, 307, 450.

Aganippus, king of the Franks, 116.

Agricola, Roman governor, 443, 448, 450, 466, 470.

Aidan, king of the Scots, 285.

Alan, king of Armorica, 290.

Alban, St. his martyrdom, 161, 303, 445, 466.

Albanact, a son of Brutus, killed, 109.

Aldhelm, bishop, 14.

Aldroen, king of Armorica, 177.

ALFRED, ASSER'S LIFE OF, 43-48, some further notices of, 1, 2, 27-37, 132; his children, 2, 68.

Alfrid, king of Northumbria, 14, 286.

Alifantinam, king of Spain, slain, 264.

Alla [Ella], king of Northumbria, 8.

Allectus, emperor in Britain, 159, 160.

Alleluiatic victory, 406.

Allobroges, in Switzerland, 126.

Amalgaid, king of Connaught, 410.

Amatheus consecrates St. Patrick, 410.

Ambrius, founder of a monastery, 190.

Ambrosius [Emrys Wledig], 182, 207-219, 396, 403, 407, 416.

Amphibalus, St. 161.

Anacletus taken prisoner by Brutus, 94-96.

Andragius, a king of Britain, 136.

Androgeus, duke of Trinovantum, 137.

Anglia, East, genealogy of the kings, 412.

Antenor, Trojan, 102.

Antigonus taken prisoner by Brutus, 94.

Antoninus's wall, 450.

Anwiund, a Danish king, 30, 58.

Archflamens made archbishops, 155.

Arianism spreads in Britain, 304.

Arthgallo deposed, 134, 135.

Arthmail, a king of Britain, 136.

Arthur, king, not noticed by Gildas or Bede, 89; his exploits, 225-271, 408; coronation, 243-245; death, 271.

Arviragus, a king of Britain, 149-153.

Ascanius, son of AEneas, 91, 387, 388.

Ascnillius, king of Dacia, slain, 271.

Asclepiodotus frees Britain from the Romans, 160-162, 466.

Assa (Cissa), king of the South Saxons, 7.

Assaracus joins Brutus against the Grecians, 82.

Assaracus, king of Germany, 113

Asser, archbishop of St. David's, Life of Alfred, vi, 43-86; visits king Alfred, 70.

Athelred, archbishop of Canterbury, 34.

Athelstan, king of Kent, &c. 22, 23, 45.

Athelstan, king of Mercia, 39, 40.

Angusil, king of Albania, 238, 249, 269.

Augustine, archbishop of Canterbury, 9-11, 275, 438, 444.

Aulus Plautius visits Britain, 469.

Aurelius Antoninus' victories in Britain, 466.

Auxilius, a bishop of Ireland, 410.

Bagsac, a Danish king, slain, 56.

Baldulph, a Saxon chief, 230-234.

Bards, the British poets, 434.

Bassianus kills his brother Geta, 157-159, 449, 466.

Battles between the Romans and the Britons at the invasion, 138-153; on the Grampian hills, 451.

Battles between the Britons and Saxons at Anderida, 7; Badon-hill, 313, 409; the river Bassas, 498; Beandune, 12; Bedanford, 8; Berin-byrig, 8; Breguoin, 409; Cat Coit Celidon, 408; Cerdic's-ore, 7; Cirencester, 12; the river Darent, 404; Deorhamme, 9; the river Duglas, 230, 270, 408; Fethanleage, 9; the river Gleni, 408; Gurnion castle, 408; Hengeston, 22; Mearcraedsburn, 7; Scarburh, 8; Stone, 404; Trat Treuroit, 409; Verulam, 228.

Battles between the English and the Danes at Ac-lea, 45; AEscendune, 27, 54; Basing, 27, 56; Brumby, 39; Cambridge, 38; Canterbury, 44; Charmouth, 21, 22; Devonshire, 30, 44, 61; East Anglia, 22, 26, 33, 50; Edington, 62; Ethandune, 31; Exeter, 59; Hampshire, 25, 50; Holme, 38; Kent, 22, 25, 45, 50, 61; Mercia, 26; Merton, 27; Nottingham, 53; Port, 22; Reading, 29, 54; Southampton, 22; the Stour, 65; Surrey, 23, 44; Swanwich, 59; Wareham, 58; Wessex, 26; Wilton, 56; York, 52.

Beaduherd, reve of the shire, 19.

Bede noticed, 15, 89.

Bedver, governor of Neustria, 241, 244, 252-264.

Belinus, king of Britain, 122-135, 392.

Belinus, general of Cassibelaun's army, 130.

Benlli, king of Powys, 397.

Bernhelm, abbat, 34.

Bernicia, genealogy of the kings, 412.

Bernulf, king of Mercia, 21.

Berthwulf, king of Mercia, 23, 44.

Bertric, king of Wessex, 18, 19, 48.

Birinus, bishop, 12

Bladud, king of Britain, 114.

Blederic, killed by Ethelfrid, 276.

Bleduno, a king of Britain, 136.

Blegabred, a king of Britain, 136.

Boadicea, or Bonduica, queen of the Iceni, 301, 445, 447, 465, 469.

Boccus, king of the Medes, 263.

Borellus, consul of the Cenomanni, 259.

Boso's gallantry against the Romans, 255.

Brennius quarrels with Belinus, 122-130.

Brian, nephew to Cadwalla, 278-284.

Bridget, an Irish saint, 390, 460.

Britael, king of Demetia, 139.

Britain, described, 3, 90, 106, 133, 244, 289, 299, 386, 419-422, 435; its original inhabitants, 90, 386, 422-428, 464; invaded by Julius Caesar, 3, 301, 445, 468; Christianity introduced into, 302, 466; divided into provinces, 436; boundary of the Roman empire in Britain, 453; finally quitted by the Romans, 2, 305, 396, 467, 468; occupied by Saxons, 3; invaded by the Danes, 19-39, 50-66.

British cities, ancient. 90, 155.

Brocmail defeated by Ethelfrid, 276.

Brutus, xiv; his history, 91-109, 386-388, 391.

Brutus, surnamed Greenshield, 113.

Bryto supposed to have built London, 464.

Budes, king of Armorica, 182.

Buile settles in Eubonia, 389.

Burhred, king of Mercia, 23, 26, 45, 53, 57.

Cador, duke of Cornwall, 231, 235, 246.

Cadwan, makes a treaty with Ethelfrid, 277.

Cadwalla, a British king, 277-288, 415.

Cadwallader, a British king, 199, 288-290, 415.

Caedwalla, king of Wessex, 14.

Caesar, Julius, invasion, 138-150, 392, 393, 465, 468.

Caius, governor of Andegavia, 241-244.

Caliburn, the sword of Arthur, 234, 241.

Cap, one of the kings of Britain, 136.

Capoir, one of the kings of Britain, 136.

Caracalla. See _Bassianus_

Caractacus (Caradog), 442, 443, 465.

Caradoc, duke of Cornwall, 165-168.

Carausius, governor of Britain, 158-160, 394, 437, 466.

Careticus (_Ceredig_), a British king, 273.

Cartismandua, queen of Brigantia, 443.

Cassibellaun (Caswallon) 136-148, 445, 465, 468.

Catellus, a British king, 136.

Catel Drunluc, or Cadell Deyrnllug, prince of Powys, 399.

Catigern, son of Vortigern, 188.

Ceawlin, king of Wessex, 8, 9.

Celestine, pope, 409, 410.

Cenric, king of the West Saxons, 7, 8, 44.

Ceolnoth, abp. of Canterbury, 26, 54.

Ceolred, king of Mercia, 14.

Ceolwulf, king of Wessex, 11.

Ceolwulf, king of Northumbria, 15.

Ceolwulf, king of Mercia, 20, 30.

Cerdic, king of Wessex, 7, 8, 44.

Cerealis, Roman governor of Britain, 448, 466, 470.

Cheldric arrives from Germany, 231, 235; assists Modred against Arthur, 268, 271.

Chelianus, appointed archbishop of Dole, 245.

Cherdich, a Saxon chief, 187.

Cherin, an ancient British king, 136.

Cheulphus repulsed by Brennius, 123.

Chrism-loosing, what, 63

Claudius invades Britain, 149-152, 393, 445, 448, 465, 468.

Cledaucus, an ancient British king, 136.

Cletonus, an ancient British king, 136.

Cligueillus, a king of Britain, 136.

Clodius Albinus, Roman governor of Britain, 471.

Cloten, king of Cornwall, 121.

Coel rebels against Asclepiodotus, 162.

Cogibundus, a British regulus, 465, 469.

Coillus, a British king, 136.

Coillus, a British king, 154.

Colgrin, a Saxon chief, 230-234.

Columba, St. 8, 460.

Comet appeared, 13, 15, 35, 220.

Conan kills Constantine, 199, 272.

Conan Meriadoc, 166-171.

Conanus (Aurelius), 316.

Constans, a monk, king of Britain, 179-182, 208.

Constantine the Great, 163, 248, 394, 437, 467.

Constantine the Armorican, made king, 178, 208.

Constantine, Arthur's successor, 271, 272, 314.

Constantius, governor of Britain, 162, 394, 395, 466.

Councils, ecclesiastical, at Heathfield, 13; Cloveshoo, 20; Constantinople, 395; Caer Guorthegirn, 401.

Conwenna's speech to Brennius, 127.

Cordeilla, daughter of Leir, 114-119.

Corineus, duke of Cornwall, 102-110

Cridious, king of Albania, 139.

Crocea mors, the name of Caesar's sword, 141.

Cuichelm, king of Wessex, 12.

Cunedagius kills his brother, 119.

Cuneglasse, a British prince, 317.

Cutha, 8.

Cuthbert, bishop of Lindisfarne, 415.

Cuthred, king, 12.

Cuthred, king of Wessex, 15.

Cuthred, king of Kent, 20.

Cynegils, king of Wessex, 12.

Cynewulf, king of Wessex, 16-18.

Dabutius reproaches Merlin, 192.

Danes arrive in England, 19-36, 50-66.

Danius, an ancient British king, 132.

David. St. archbp. of Menevia, 245, 271.

Diana's answer to Brutus, 100.

Dianotus, king of Cornwall, 171.

Dinooth, abbat of Bangor, 275, 276.

Diocletian persecution, 161, 302, 466.

Divitiacus subdues part of Britain, 464.

Diwanius, bishop of Winchester, 246.

Doldavius, king of Gothland, 238.

Dolobellus, a British proconsul, 392.

Dress of the ancient Britons, 427.

Druidism, 429-434.

Dubricius, abp. of Caerleon, 217, 230, 233, 242-245.

Dunwallo Molmutius (_Dynval Moelmud_) 121.

Duvanus, bishop, sent from Rome, 155.

Eadbert, king of Northumbria, 15.

Eadburga, Bertric's queen, account of, 47, 48.

Eadfered Flesaurs, king of Northumbria, 412, 414.

Eagle, said to have spoken, 114.

Ealstan, bishop, 21, 22, 26, 46, 53.

Ebissa, or Eosa, the Saxon chief, 187, 212, 223, 227, 228, 400.

Ebraucus, king of Britain, 112, 113.

Eclipses, 8, 13, 15, 21, 32, 63.

Ecwils, a Danish king, killed, 39.

Edgar, king, 40.

Edmund, (St.) king of East Anglia, 26, 46, 50, 54.

Edmund, king, 40.

Edred, king, 40.

Edward (the elder,) king, 37-39.

Edwin, king of Northumbria, 277, 279, 284, 414.

Edwy, king, 40.

Egbert, king of Wessex, 20-22.

Egbert, bishop, 15.

Egfert, king of Mercia, 19.

Egfrid, king of Northumbria, 13, 415.

Eisc, king of Kent, 11.

Elbotus, or Elvod, bp. of Bangor, 383, 384.

Eldad, bishop of Gloucester, 191, 212-214.

Eldadus, an ancient British king, 136.

Eldol, duke of Gloucester, 191, 210-213.

Eldol, an ancient British king, 136.

Eledanius, bishop of Alclud, 246.

Eleutherius, pope, 155, 393.

Elfgiva, king Edmund's queen, 40.

Elidure, surnamed the pious, 134, 135.

Eliud, an ancient British king, 136.

Elsingius, king of Norway, 123.

Enniaunus, king of Britain, 136.

Eohric, a Danish king, 38.

Escwin, king of Wessex, 13.

Estrildis, concubine of Locrin, 110, 111.

Ethelard, king of Wessex, 15.

Ethelbald, king of Mercia, 15, 17.

Ethelbald, king of Wessex, 25, 45-47, 49, 50.

Ethelbald, archbishop of York, 38.

Ethelbert, king of Kent, 8, 10, 276.

Ethelbert II. king of Kent, &c. 25, 50.

Ethelfrid, king of Northumbria, 9, 276, 277.

Ethelgiva, abbess of Shaftesbury, 68, 82.

Ethelred, king of Mercia, 14.

Ethelred, king of England, 1.

Ethelred, king of Northumbria, 19.

Ethered, [Ethered] king of Wessex. 25, 27, 50-56.

Ethelwald rebels against Oswy, 286.

Ethelswitha, daughter of Alfred, 2.

Ethered, earl of Mercia, 34-39, 74.

ETHELWERD'S CHRONICLE, 1-40; account of the author, v, vi.

Ethelwulf, king of Wessex, 22-25, 44-49.

Evander, king of Syria, killed, 258.

Evelinus, nephew of Androgeus, 143, 144.

Eventus, king of Albania, 269.

Faganus sent to convert the Britons, 155.

Famine in Britain, 53.

Fergusius emigrates from Ireland, 467.

Ferrex killed by his brother Porrex, 120.

Flamens made bishops, 155.

Flollo, a Roman tribune, 240, 241.

Friday, so called from the goddess Frea, 184.

Frontinus, a Roman gov. 443, 466, 470.

Fulgenius, a British king, 136.

Fulgenius wars against Severus, 157.

Funeral rites of the ancient Britons, 428.

Gabius, a Roman consul, 130.

Galgacus, king of the Caledonians, 466, 470.

Gallus, Livius, besieged in London, 160, 469.

Genuissa, daughter of Claudius, 151, 152.

GEOFFREY OF MONMOUTH'S BRITISH HISTORY; 89-292. Some account of the author, viii, 89.

Gerion, the augur, 100.

Germanus, St. bishop of Auxerre, 75, 187, 397-407.

Geruntius, an ancient British king, 136.

Geta, son of Severus, killed, 157, 158.

Giant, killed by Arthur, 252.

Giant's Dance, its removal, 215-219, 229.

GILDAS' WORKS, 293-380; notices of its author, vii, 89, 108, 121, 126.

Gillomanius, king of Ireland, 216-221.

Godbold, king of the Orkneys, killed, 285.

Goemagot, a giant killed, 107.

Goffarius, king of Aquitaine, 102-105.

Gombert, king of Norway, 164.

Gonorilla, one of Leir's daughters, 114-116.

Gorbogudo, a British king, 120.

Gorbonian, a British king, 133.

Gorlois, duke of Cornwall, 222, 226.

Gormund, king of the Africans, 273.

Gothrun, a Danish king, 30, 34, 58, 63.

Gratian, emp. slain by Maximus, 394-396.

Gratian Municeps, a British king, 172, 173.

Gregory I, pope, 10, 11.

Grimbald, abbat of Hyde Abbey, 70, 74, 75.

Guanhumara, wife of Arthur, 238, 268, 269.

Guanius, king of the Huns, 172, 175.

Guendoloena, wife of Locrin, 111.

Guerthaeth, king of Venedotia, 139.

Guethelin, archbp. of London, 174, 177.

Guichthlac, king of Dacia, 123, 125.

Guiderius, a British king, 149.

Guillamurius, king of Ireland, 236, 238.

Guitard defeated by Hoel, 241, 258.

Guithelin, a British king, 132.

Guitolinus quarrels with Ambrosius, 415.

Gunfasius, king of the Orkneys, 238.

Guoyrancgonus, a king of Kent, 400.

Gurgintius, a British king, 136.

Gurgiunt Brabtruc, king of Britain, 131.

Gurgustius, a British king, 120.

Guthfrid, king of Northumbria, 37.

Hadrian's wall, 466, 471.

Halfdene, a Danish chieftain, 30, 31, 39, 58, 61, 62.

Hamo, Leuis, a Roman general, 149.

Hasten, invades England, 35, 36.

Heahmund, bishop, 27.

Helena, mother of Constantine, 162, 444-446, 467.

Helena, niece of Hoel, 252.

Heli, king of Britain, 136.

Hengist and Horsa, 4-7, 183-191, 209-212, 396-400, 405, 406.

Henry I. king of England, 90.

Henuinus, duke of Cornwall, 116.

Hider, a British general, 256.

Hilda, abbess, 13.

Hirelgas, Bedver's nephew, 264.

Hirelglas, Cassibellaun's nephew, 143.

Hingwar, Danish chief, 25, 26, 39, 61, 62.

Hoctor settles in Ireland, 389.

Hoel, king of Armorica, 231, 241, 248, 264.

Holdin, king of the Ruteni, 264.

Horsus, brother of Hengist, 4, 6, 183, 188.

Hudibras, king of Britain, 114.

Humber, king of the Huns, 109, 110.

Humbert, bishop of the East Angles, 50.

Ida, king of Northumbria, 8, 409.

Idwallo, a just king of Britain, 136.

Igerna, wife of Gorlois, 223-226.

Ignoge, daughter of Pandrasus, 98.

Imbertus, ambassador, 102.

Ina, king of Wessex, 13, 14, 43.

Inbaltus, commander of the Gauls, 169.

Ireland, its first inhabitants, 389, 390, 464; description of, 457-462.

Isembard renounces Christianity, 273.

Isserninus, a bishop of Ireland, 410.

Istereth settles in Dalrieta, 389.

Ivor and Ini, British chiefs, 290, 291.

Jago, an ancient British king, 120.

John, abbat of Athelney, 70, 79-81.

Judith, Alfred's queen, 46-51, 65.

Julius, a British martyr, 161, 242, 466.

Kamber, son of Brutus, 109.

Kent, genealogy of the kings, 412.

Kentwin, king of Wessex, 13.

Kenulf, king of Mercia, 19, 20.

Kenwalk, king of Wessex, 12, 13.

Kimarus, a British king, 132.

Kinmarcus, a British king, 120.

Kinocus, (_Cynog_), archbp. of Menevia, 271.

Kymbelinus, king of Britain, 148.

Lambienus, a Roman tribune, 140.

Lantern made by king Alfred, 84.

Latian law, what, 457.

Lavinia, the wife AEneas, 91, 387, 388.

Leil, a good king of Britain, 113.

Leir, king of Britain, 114-119.

Leo III. pope, 19, 20.

Leo IV. pope, anoints king Alfred, 45.

Lepidus, Marius, a Roman senator, 264.

Liethali settles in South Wales, 389.

Locrin, son of Brutus, 109-111.

Logiore, an Irish king, 410.

Lot, a British chief, 226, 238, 239.

Lucius, the first Christian king of Britain, 154-156, 393.

Lucius Tiberius, 245, 250, 259-266.

Lucullus, Roman governor of Britain, 470.

Lud, beautifier of London, 136.

Lumond, a wonderful lake, 235.

Lupus, bishop of Troyes, 187.

Maddan advanced to the throne, 111.

Magicians, 91, 192-194, 388.

Maglaunus, duke of Albania, 116.

Malgo, or Malgocune, a British king, 272, 318.

Malim murdered by Mempricius, 112.

Marcellus, Roman gov. of Britain, 471.

Marcellus Mutius killed, 256.

Margadud, king of Demetia, 286.

Margan, duke, 119.

Margan, king of Britain, 136.

Marinus, pope, died, 33, 65.

Marius, king of Britain, 153.

Mark, editor of Nennius's History, viii, 386.

Martia, qn., author of the Martian law, 132.

Martin, bishop of Tours, 395.

Matilda, daughter of Otho the Great, v, 1.

Mauganius, bishop of Silchester, 246.

Maugantius, a philosopher, 193.

Mauricius, son of Caradoc, 165-167.

Maxentius, Roman emperor, 163.

Maximian invited to Britain, 164-173.

Maximianus Herculius, 161.

Maximus (Macsen Wledig), usurper, 304, 394-396, 467.

Mellobaudes, Gratian's general, slain, 395.

Mempricius's advice to the Trojans, 98.

Mempricius, a British king, 112.

Merianus, a British king, 136.

Merlin's history and prophecies, 192-224.

Mermenus, a king of Britain, 390.

Mervin, a British king, 384.

Milcho, St. Patrick's master, 409.

Micipsa, king of Babylon, 264.

Milvius, Quintus, Roman senator, 264.

Mistletoe, a sacred plant, 432, 433.

Modred, Arthur's nephew, 238, 268-272.

Molmutine laws, 121, 125.

Monasteries, Amesbury, 73, 190, 229; Athelney, 79; Banwell, 73; Hyde Abbey, 75; Menevia, 271; Salisbury, 214; Shaftesbury, 82; Wareham, 58; Wembury, 44.

Morvid, consul of Gloucester, 266.

Morvidus, a tyrant of Britain, 133.

Natan-Leod, king of the Britons, 7.

NENNIUS'S HISTORY OF THE BRITONS, vii, 383-416.

Nennius, brother of Cassibellaun, 136, 140, 141.

Neot, St., vi, 60, 61, 66.

Nimech settles in Ireland, 389.

Novia, abp. of St. David's, 72.

Oak, peculiarly sacred to the Druids, 432.

Octa, son of Hengist, 187, 212, 213, 221-228, 400.

Octavius (_Eudav_), rebels against the Romans, 164-168.

Offa, king of Mercia, 17-19, 47.

Ordinal of the British Church quoted, 375.

Osbert, king of Northumbria, 25, 52.

Osburga, king Alfred's mother, 44.

Oskytel, a Danish king, 30, 58.

Osric, king of Northumbria, 15, 285.

Ostorius, Roman governor, 443, 446, 448, 453, 469.

Oswald, king of Northumbria, 15, 285, 415.

Oswy, king of Northumbria, 13, 285-287.

Oxford university, 74.

Palladius, bishop, sent to the Scots, 6, 409.

Pandrasus, king of Greece, 92-99.

Parthlud, Ludgate, in London, 137.

Partholoim settles in Ireland, 131, 389.

Pascentius, son of Vortigern, 218-221.

Patrick, St., 271, 390, 407, 410, 411, 460.

Pelagian heresy, 187.

Penda, king of Mercia, 12, 284-288, 415.

Peredure deposes Elidure, 135.

Pertinax, Roman gov. of Britain, 471.

Pestilence among the birds, 13.

Petreius, Cotta, a Roman general, 256.

Petronius Turpilianus, a Roman governor of Britain, 469.

Philaenian altars in Africa, 101.

Pictavians, inhabitants of Poictou, 104.

Picts and Scots, 3, 39, 153, 159, 182-184, 305-308, 390, 394, 396, 467, 468.

Pir, an ancient British king, 136.

Plegmund, abp. of Canterbury, 38, 70.

Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna, 353.

Polytetes, king of Bithynia, 266.

Porrex, king of Britain, 120.

Porrex, another king of Britain, 136.

Porsena, a Roman consul, killed, 130.

Port arrives in Britain, 7.

Posthumus, brother to Brutus, 387, 388.

Praesutagus, a British king, 446, 447.

Priwen, the name of Arthur's shield, 234.

Pyramus, abp. of York, 237.

Quintilianus killed by Walgan, 255.

Raven, the Danish standard, 62.

Rederchius, an ancient king of Britain, 136.

Redion, an ancient king of Britain, 136.

Regan, daughter of king Leir, 116.

Reuda, king of the Picts, 466.

RICHARD OF CIRENCESTER'S HISTORY OF BRITAIN, 419; account of the author, xviii, 455, 456; discovery of his work, xx.

Riculf, king of Norway, defeated, 239.

Ritho, the giant, 252.

Rivallo, king of Britain, 120.

Robert, earl of Gloucester, 89, 90.

Rodric, king of the Picts, 153.

Rollo, duke of Normandy. 58, 59.

Roman governors of Britain, 465-471.

Rome taken by Belinus, 129.

Ron, the name of Arthur's lance, 234.

Rowena, daughter of Hengist, 186-190.

Roy's Commentary on the campaigns of Agricola, 450.

Rudaucus, king of Cambria, 121.

Runno, an ancient king of Britain, 136.

Sabre, daughter of Estrildis, 111.

Salomon, king of Armorica, 281.

Samuilpenissel, king of Britain, 136.

Samson, abp. of Dole, 245.

Sanxo, abp. of York, 217.

Saturninus, prefect of the Roman fleet, 471.

Saxons settle in Britain, 3-9, 183-191, 232-235, 272-274, 285-290, 396.

Scaeva, son of Androgeus, 145.

Scots, their origin, 389, 459, 461.

Scots and Picts. See _Picts_.

Segerus consecrated with St. Patrick, 410.

Seginus, duke of the Allobroges, 126.

Sertorius, king of Libya, 266.

Severus, gov. of Britain, 156, 393-395, 471.

Severus's wall, 393, 448, 466.

Sexburga, queen of Wessex, 13.

Sigebert, king of the East Saxons, 11.

Sigebert, king of Wessex, 15.

Sisilius, name of three British kings, 120, 132, 136.

Staterius, king of Albania, 121.

Stilicho builds a wall, 467.

Stipendiary cities, 457.

Stuf, lord of the Isle of Wight, 7, 44.

Suard, king of the Franks, 120.

Suetonius, Roman British consul, 447, 465, 469.

Sylvius, father of Brutus, 91, 387.

Tennantius, duke of Cornwall, 137.

Thadiocus, abp. of York, 274.

Theodore, abp. of Canterbury, 14.

Theodosius, emperor, 395, 450, 452, 467.

Theon, abp of London, 274.

Thompson (Aaron), defends Geoffrey's History, ix.

Torques, a gold collar worn by the Britons, 427.

Tower of glass, 389.

Tower of London, 135, 200.

Trahern, uncle of Helena, 163.

Trebellius, Roman gov. of Britain, 470.

Trebellius Maximus, Roman gov. of Britain, 469.

Tremounus, abp. of Caerleon, 215.

Triads, the Welsh, 430, 431.

Trojans settle in Britain, 106, 387.

Turonus, nephew of Brutus, 106.

Tyrants of Britain, 304, 314.

Ulfin of Ricaradoch, 224.

Urbicus, a Roman general, 466, 471.

Urian honoured by Arthur, 238.

Urianus, a British king, 136.

Ursula and the Virgins, 171.

Uther Pendragon, his history, 220-230.

Valentinian, emperor, 395, 416.

Vectius Bolanus, Roman gov. of Britain, 470.

Veranius, Roman governor, 443, 469.

Vespasian sent to Britain, 152, 442, 465, 468, 470.

Victor, son of Maximus, 395.

Victrix, the name of the sixth legion, 447.

Vigenius imprisons his brother, 135.

Virius Lupus, Roman lieutenant of Britain, 471.

Vortigern (_Gwrtheyrn_), king, 4, 6, 179-193, 206-208, 310, 396-407, 416.

Vortimer (_Gwrthefyr_), 188, 189, 404-407.

Vortipore, a British prince, 317.

Vulteius Catellus, a Roman chief, 258.

Walgan, Arthur's nephew, 255, 264-269.

Wall between Deira and Albania, 174; Severus's, 393, 448, 466; Antoninus's 450; Hadrian's, 466, 471; Stilicho's, 467.

Walter, archdeacon of Oxford, xii, 89, 268, 291.

Wednesday, so called from Woden, 184.

Werefrith, bishop of Worcester, 70.

Whitgar, lord of the Isle of Wight, 7, 44.

Widen slays her son Porrex, 120.

Withlaf, king of Mercia, 21.

Wortiporius, king of Britain, 272

Wulfhere, king of Mercia, 13.

Wulfred, king of Mercia, 287.

Wulfstan, abp. of York, 40.

York made an archiepiscopal see, 155.

TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX.

Abona, river, 440, 453.

Abrasuanus, river, 450.

Abus, river, 447.

Ac-lea, Ockley, 45.

Acmodae, islands, 463.

Ad Abum, station, 499.

Ad Abonam, station, 493.

Ad AEsicam, station, 490.

Ad Alaunam Amnem, station, 492.

Ad Alpes Penninos, sta., 488.

Ad Antonam, station, 496.

Ad Aquas, station, 492.

AEdui, 464.

AElecti, 402.

AElia Castra, station, 500.

AEscendune, 27.

AEsica, river, 451.

Afene, river, 12.

Agned, Edinburgh, 113.

Akalon, river in Greece, 93.

Akeman Street, 478.

Alauna, city, 445, 451, 478, 489, 496.

---- river, 449, 486.

Alba, now Albano in Italy, 91.

Albania, now Scotland, 109.

Albion, notices of, 106, 419, 421.

Alcluith, city, 112, 134, 212, 235, 437, 452.

Alicana, 488.

Allobroges, in Switzerland, 126.

Alps, Pennine, 447.

Ambrius, mt., 214, 217, 221.

Ambrons, 212, 229.

Anderida, port, 478, 497.

---- wood, 438, 499.

---- town, 439, 499.

Andros, isles, 463.

Angles, their origin, 400.

Anglia, 5.

Andredes-leage, Anderida, 7.

Antivestaeum, prom., 441, 460.

Antona, river, 439.

Antoninus's Itinerary, 473.

Apoldre, Appledore, 35.

Aquae Solis, 440, 456, 492-494.

Aquitaine, in France, 102.

Aravius, mountain, 254.

Argitta, river, 459.

Argolicum, station, 486.

Armorica, 169, 177.

Artavia, 441, 477.

Ashdune, Aston, 54.

Athelingay, Athelney, 31.

Atlantic Ocean, 459.

Attacotti, 452.

Atrebates, 439, 497.

Aufona, river, 446.

Augusta, London, 445.

Ausoba, bay, 459.

Austrinum, 460.

Auterii, 459.

Auterum, town, 460.

Avalonia, city, 271, 440, 477.

Avene, river, 7.

Axanminster, 17.

Azara, mountains, 101.

Badon-hill, 200, 313, 409.

Ballium, station, 496.

Banatia, town, 452.

Banchorium, station and monastery, 275, 444, 483.

Banna, river, 459.

Barba, river, 250, 252.

Bassas, river, 408.

Bath. Vide _Aquae Solis and Thermae_.

Bdora, estuary, 437.

Beadanhead, Bedwin, 13.

Beandune, 12.

Bebbanburgh, Bambrough, 39, 414.

Bedanford, Bedford, 8.

Belgae, 439.

Bennavenna, 483.

Benonae, 444.

Benonnis, 483, 500.

Bensingtun, Benson, 8.

Beodoricsworthe, Bury St. Edmunds, 26.

Beorgforda, Burford, 15.

Berin-byrig, Banbury? 8.

Berneich, province, 413, 414.

Bibracte, 494, 495, 497.

Bibrocum, town, 439.

Billingsgate, 131.

Blestium, station, 496.

Bodotria, estuary, 450.

Boduni, 444.

Bolerium, promontory, 441.

Bovium, station, 493.

Brannogenium, town, 443, 479, 495.

Branogena, town, 445.

Breguoin, mountain, 409.

Bremenium, stip., 449, 457, 477, 487.

Brigae, station, 498.

Brigantes, 447, 465.

Brigantia, kingdom, 447.

---- city, 460.

Brigantum, Extrema, 447.

Briga, river, 460.

Brinavae, station, 500.

Britannia Inferior, pro., 437.

---- Prima, pro., 436.

---- Secunda, pro., 437, 443.

---- Superior, pro., 437, 443.

British provinces, 436.

Brocavonacae, sta., 491, 492.

Brunandune, Brumby, 39.

Builth, province, 407.

Bubinda, Buvinda, river, 460.

Bultrum, station, 495.

Burne, 285.

Burva, or Barva, 50.

Caegineshamme, Keynsham, 27.

Caer-badus, 114, 200.

Caer-britoc, 386.

Caer-caradauc, 191, 214.

Caer-caratauc, 386.

Caer-ceint, 386.

Caer-celemion, 386.

Caer-ceri, or cori, 63, 386.

Caer-collon, or colvin, 162, 386.

Caer-conan, 211, 212.

Caer-corrie, 186.

Caer-custeint, 386.

Caer-dubalem, 204.

Caer-daun, 386.

Caer-dauri, 386.

Caer-draithou, 386.

Caer-ebrauc, 386, 409.

Caer-gloul, 152, 153, 386, 407.

Caer-grant, 386.

Caer-guent, 386.

Caer-guintruis, 386.

Caer-guoranegon, 386.

Caer-guorcon, 386.

Caer-guorthegern, 386, 404, 406.

Caer-gurcoc, 386.

Caer-lem, 114.

Caer-liel, or luilid, 113, 386.

Caer-leir, or lerion, 114, 135, 386.

Caer-ligion, 386.

Caer-lion, or Caer-osc, 130, 380, 408.

Caer-loit-coit, 232, 386.

Caer-lud, or londein, 108, 137, 386.

Caer-maniguid, 386.

Caer-meguaid, 386.

Caer-mencipit, 386.

Caer-merdin, 192, 386.

Caer-penhuelgoit, 152.

Caer-pensavelcoit, 386.

Caer-peris, 130, 149, 150, 164, 386.

Caer-segeint, 386.

Caer-segont, 394, 443.

Caer-teim, 386.

Caer-urnahc, 386.

Caerwent, 404.

Caer-wisc, 58.

Caesarea, island, 463.

Caesariensis, province, 445.

Caesaromagus, sta., 484, 485.

Cair. For words with this prefix, see _Caer_.

Calcaria, station, 488.

Caledonia, 450, 452.

Caledonian wood, 232, 438, 446, 453.

Caledonian promontory, 454.

Caledoniae extrema, 454.

Caledonii, 453.

Caleterium, a wood, 124, 134, 201, 202.

Calleba, city, 439, 494, 496, 497, 500.

Camalodunum, called Geminae Martiae, 444, 445, 456, 465, 469, 484.

Cambodunum, town, Latian, 447, 457, 488.

Camboricum, colony, 416, 457, 485.

Cambretonium, sta., 484, 485.

Cambria, 109.

Cambula, river, 270.

Cangani, 442.

Canganum, promontory, 443.

Cangi, 459, 465.

Cangian promontory, 443.

Cangiani, 443, 444, 461.

Cangiorum, station, 444.

Canonium, station, 484.

Canovius, river, 444.

Cantabric, ocean, 459.

Cantabridge, Cambridge, 38.

Cantae, 453.

Cant Guic, 394.

Cantian state, 6, 438.

---- promontory, 421.

Cantiopolis, stipendiary, 438, 457, 482.

Cantium, promont., 422, 438.

---- region of, 438.

Carnabii, region of, 441, 444, 453.

Carnonacae, 454.

Carnubia, region of, 107, 441.

Carrum, Charmouth, 21.

Carun, river, 393.

Casae Candidae, town, 450.

Cassii, kingd. of, 444, 445, 497.

Cassiterides, Isles, 441, 463.

Cataracton, Caturacton, town under the Latian law, 447, 457, 477, 478, 486, 487, 489.

Cat Bregion, mountain, 409.

Catgwaloph, 416.

Catini, 454.

Catscaul, 415.

Cauci, 461.

Celidon, wood, 201, 232, 408.

Celnius, river, 452.

Celtae, 439.

Cenail, 393.

Cenia, city, 441, 477, 498.

Cenius, river, 441.

Cenomanni, 446.

Cerdic's-ore, 7.

Cerdic's-ford, 7.

Cerones, 454.

Cetgueli, 389.

Chippenham, a royal villa, 60, 63.

Cichican, valley, 307.

Cimbri, region of, 423, 440.

Cittanford (Ottanford?) 18.

Clas Merddyn, island, 419.

Clausentum, 439, 479, 497, 500.

Clotta, Clydda, est. 437, 450.

Cloveshoo, in Kent, 20.

Cocboy, 416.

Coccium, city, 448, 457, 479, 492.

Coitani, Coitanni, 446.

Coit-mawr, Selwood, 62.

Concangii, 460.

Condate, station, 488, 492.

Conovio, 483.

Conovium, station, 483.

Consular provinces in Britain, 438.

Contiopoli, 497.

Corbantorigum, 449.

Corinium, Corinum, town, Latian, 445, 457, 479, 492.

Coriondii, 461.

Corisennae, station, 485, 499.

Corium, 489, 490.

Cornish people, so called from Corineus, 102.

Corstopitum, Corstoplio, station, 487.

Creones, 454.

Crococolana, station, 496.

Cruachan-Aichle, mt. 411.

Cruc Occident, 394.

Cunetio, station, 494.

Cunetium, river, 439.

Curia, town, 449, 487.

Cymry, see _Cimbri_.

Cynemaeresford, Kempsford, 20.

Cynuit, Kynwith, 61.

Dabrona, river, 460.

Dacia, 123, 131.

Dalrieta, 389.

Damnia, region of, 449.

Damnii, 314, 450, 460, 461.

---- Albani, 452.

Damnonii, state of, 421, 438, 441, 465.

Daneian, wood, 201.

Danum, station, 486.

Darabona, Darabouna, riv. 459.

Decimum (Ad), station, 497.

Defna, Devonshire, 20.

Delgovicia, station, 487.

Demetians, 242, 317.

Dene, a royal villa, 71.

Derbentio, town, 481.

Dereuent, the river Darent, 188, 404.

Derventione, sta., 487, 500.

Deva, colony, called Getica, 444, 457, 477, 483, 488.

---- river, 444, 451.

Devana, city, 451.

---- sta., 473, 485, 490, 491.

Deucaledonian, ocean, 459.

Deorhamme, 9.

Deur, province, 413.

Dianae Forum, 445, 482.

Dimetiae, 317, 389, 406, 443.

Dinas Emrys, 401.

Dobona, river, 460.

Dobuni, 444.

Dolobellum, or Dorobellum, 139, 392.

Dorobernia, Canterbury, 44, 145, 183.

Dorocina, station, 500.

Dubrae, city and port, 438.

Dubris, river, 438, 497.

Duglas, river, 230, 270, 408.

Dunum, city, 460.

Duralipons, station, 485.

Durinum, stip. 440, 457, 477.

Durius, river, 441, 460, 498.

Durngueis, 58.

Durnomagus, Latian, 446, 457, 478, 485, 499.

Durnovaria, station, 498.

Durocobrivae, 477.

Durolevum, Durosevum, station, 482, 497.

Durolispons, station, 499.

Durobris, Durobrobis, Duroprovae, Durobrivae, sti. 438, 457, 477, 482, 485.

Durositum, station, 484.

Durotriges, 440.

Durovernum, 477.

Dynguayth, province, 413.

Dynguoaroy, town, 414.

Eblanae, Eblani, 460.

Eboracum, Eburacum, municipal and metropolis, 112, 447, 456, 486-489, 499.

Ebudium, Ebudum, promontory, 454.

Egbert's-stone, Brixton Deverill, 62.

Eglesburh, Aylesbury, 8.

Ellandune, Allington, 29.

Elmete, 414.

Epiacum, town, 447, 477, 486.

Epidii, 454.

Epidium, promontory, 454.

Ermyn Street, 478.

Eriri, mount, 444.

Esc's-dune, 12, 13.

Ethandune, 31, 62.

Etocetum, town, 444, 478, 483, 492, 500.

Eubonia, 386, 389.

Evoric, or Eoferwic, York, 25.

Exanceaster, Exeter, 58.

Extremitas Caledoniae, 454.

Fethanleage, 9.

Fines (Ad), 487, 499, 500.

Fines Flaviae et Secundae, 483.

---- Maximae et Flaviae, 488.

---- Trinobantum, 484.

Flavia Extrema, 446.

---- province, 436, 444.

Forum Dianae, town, 445.

Foss, the, 473.

Fraun, river, 58.

Fresicum, or Fresic sea, 400.

Fretum Meneviacum, 443.

---- Sabrinae, 442.

Gadanica, station, 489, 490.

Gadeni, 449.

Gadenia, region, 449.

---- town, 449.

Gai Campi, battle, 415.

Gaini, inhabitants of Gainsborough, 53.

Galabes, fountain, 215.

Galacium, Galgacum, town, 447.

Gallembourne, 161.

Gania, river, 208.

Garion, Garionis, river, 446.

Garionenum, station, 408.

Garnareia, 280.

Genania, region, 444.

Genoreu, 208.

Gessoriacum, port, 420.

Gewissae, 43, 203, 215.

Glebon, Glevum, colony called Claudia, 445, 457, 465, 478, 479, 492, 496.

Gleni, river, 408.

Glevesing, 402.

Gloui, Gloucester, 252, 407.

Gobanium, Gobannium, town, 442, 495.

Goemagot's leap, 108.

Grampius, mount, 450.

Grantabridge, or Grantchester, Cambridge, 30, 58.

Guasmoric, 404.

Guenet, or Guined, 401, 414.

Gather, province, 389.

Guoloppum, 416.

Guorthegirnaim, province, 406, 407.

Gurnion Castle, 408.

Gurthrenion, 404.

Gwent, 404, 407.

Gwyddelians, 423.

Gwynedd, province, 415.

Halangium, Holongum, town, 441, 477.

Hamo's Port, Southampton, 125, 150, 166, 232.

Hamptonshire, Hampshire, 16.

Hamptun, Southampton, 22.

Heathfield, 284.

Heavenfield, 285.

Hebudes, isles, 461, 462.

Hedui, 440, 497.

Helenis, Helenum, pro. 441.

Hengeston, in Cornwall, 22.

Herculea, isle, 441.

Hercules, pillars of, 441.

Herculis, promontory.

Hereri, mount, sta., 401, 404.

Hethlege, Hatfield, 13.

Hibernia, 457, 464, 465, 467.

Hiernam (Ad), station, 490.

Horestii, 451.

Ibernia, town, 461.

Ibernii, 460.

Ibernus, river, 460.

Iceni, 447, 478.

Iglea, Okeley, 62.

Ignesham, Eynsham, 8.

Iknield Street, 473, 477.

Ila, river, 453.

Inis-gueith, or Gueith, 386.

Internal sea, 459.

Ireland, vide _Hibernia_.

Isannavaria, Isanta Varia, station, 483, 500.

Isca, colony, metropolis, named Secunda, 442, 456.

Isca, (Caerleon) 456, 493, 495, 496.

---- river, 441, 442.

---- stipendiary, Exeter, 441, 477, 479, 492, 498.

Ischalis, 440.

Isinnae, station, 485.

Isurium, city, 447, 478, 486, 488.

Itineraries, various, 476.

Itunae, river, 449, 451.

Itunam (Ad), sta., 490, 491.

Itys, river, 454.

Jena, river, 450.

Kaer, for words with this prefix, see _Caer_.

Karitia, 118.

Kidaleta, 280.

Killaraus, mountain, 215, 217.

Kriou metopon, pron. 441.

Kunetius, river, 439.

Lactorodum, station, 482.

Lapidem (Ad), station, 497.

Latian law, cities or towns, governed by, 457.

Latarae, station, 489.

Lebarum, 460.

Legecester, 276, 277.

Legiolium, Legotium, station, 480, 500.

Legions, city, 131, 132, 155, 161, 217, 242, 269, 271, 408.

Leircestre, Leicester, 111, 114.

Lelanus, bay 454.

Lemanianus, Portus, 497.

Lemanum, station, 497.

Lemanus, river, 438.

---- town, 438.

Leonaford, a royal villa, 73.

Letavia, 177.

Leucarum, station, 493.

Libnius, river, 459.

Liganburh, Lenbury, 8.

Limite, station, 487.

Lindesia, or Lindsey, 184, 232.

Lindocolinum, 232.

Linligwan, 237.

Lindum, 451, 490.

---- colony, 446, 457, 478, 484-486, 496, 499.

Linuis, province, 408.

Llan-Patern, bishopric, 271.

Loebius, river, 460.

Loegria, 109, 423.

Logi. 453.

Londinum Augusta, col. and met. Londinium, 108, 227, 238, 445, 456, 465, 482, 484, 494, 496-499.

London, rebuilt by Alfred, 74.

Longus, river, 454.

Lovantium, town, 443.

Loxa, river, 453.

Lucani, 460.

Lucophibia, town, 450.

Ludgate, London, 137.

Lugubalia, Luguballium, Luguballie, Luguvalium, town, Latian, 404, 448, 457, 479, 489, 491.

Lumond, lake, 235.

Lyncalidor, lake of, 452.

Maeatae, 449, 466.

Macobicum, Macolicum, 460.

Madus, river, 438.

---- station, 497.

Magiovinium, station, 482.

Magna, 442, 495.

Maiden Way, 479.

Maisbeli, Maybury, 210.

Maisuriam, 164.

Malua, river, 102.

Manau Gustodin, prov. 414.

Manavia, 458.

Mancunium sta., 488, 492, 500.

Manduesanedum, 483.

Mansio in Medio, 499.

Mare Internum, 459.

---- Vergivum, 459.

---- Thule, 459.

Margan, 119, 120.

Margidunum, station, 496.

Maridunum, 404, 443, 457, 478, 479, 494.

Maxima, province, 436, 447.

Maxima Caesariensis, 486.

Mearcraedsburn, 7.

Medio (In), station, 491, 499.

Mediolanum, 443.

---- station, 477, 484, 492.

---- Hib. 460.

Meicen, town, 413.

Menapia, ct. 443, 460, 478, 479.

Menapiam, (Ad) st. 493, 494.

Menapii, 461.

Menavia, 389.

Meranton, Merton, 16.

Meresige, Mersey, 36.

Merscwari, 19, 22.

Mertae, 454.

Metaris, estuary, 446.

Michael's Mount, 252.

Middleton, Milton, 36.

Mile, the Roman, 475.

Minmanton, 394.

Modona, river, 460.

Mona, isle, 434, 443, 469.

Monoeda, island, 458.

Mons Jovis, 394.

Montem Grampium (Ad), station, 490, 491.

Moridunum, 498.

Morini, 133, 440.

Mount Paladur, Shaftesbury, 114.

Muridunum, stip. 443, 457.

Murum (Ad), station, 486.

Musidum, town. 441, 477.

Nabaeus, river, 454.

Nagnata, town, 459.

Nautgallim, 161.

Nidum, station, 493.

Northworthig, Derby, 27.

Novantae, 449.

Novantia, region, 449.

Novantum Chersonesus, 421, 449.

Noviomagus, town, 439, 477, 478, 497, 499.

Novius, river, 449.

Oboca, river, 460.

Oceanus Athlanticus, or Britannicus, 459.

---- Cantabricus, 459.

---- Deucalidonius, 459.

---- Internus, 459.

---- Vergivus, 459.

Ocrinum, mount, 441.

---- prom. 421, 441.

Octorupium, promont. 443.

Oestromenides, isles, 441.

Oghgul race, 400.

Olicana, Alicana, town, 447, 477.

Orcades, isles, 462, 466.

Orcadum, promontory, 454.

Ordovicia, region of, 444.

Ordovices, 442, 443.

Orrea, town, 451, 490, 491.

Ossismii, 463.

Ottadini, 449.

Ottadinia, 449.

Oxellum, promontory, 447.

Paladur, 114.

Palmecaster, 404.

Parisii, 447.

Pederydan, Petherton, 12.

Peneltun, 393.

Penguaul, 393.

Pennocrucium, 483.

Penoxullum, promont., 453.

Petuaria, 447, 487, 499.

Picti, 466, 467.

Pontem (Ad), sta., 496, 497.

Pontesbury, 13.

Portcester, Porchester, 149.

Praeturium, station, 487.

Praesutagus, 447.

Prima, province, 436, 442.

Portus, Anderida, 478, 497.

---- Felix, 447.

---- Leminianus, 497.

---- Magnus, 439, 479, 497.

---- Rhutupis, 420.

---- Sistuntiorum, 488.

Pryffetesflodan, Privett, 16.

Ptoroton, metropolis, Latian, 452, 457, 490, 491.

Quintanwic, Canterbury, 22.

Ragae, stip., 446, 457.

Ratiscorion, 496.

Redonum, 170.

Regia, 460.

Regnum, Regentium, 439, 478, 497.

Regulbium, 438, 497.

Renis, river, 407.

Reopandune, Repton, 17.

Rerigonium, 448, 488.

Rheba, metropolis, 459, 461.

Rhebeus, 459.

---- river, 461.

Rhebeus, lake, 461.

Rhemi, 439.

Rhobogdii, 459.

Rhobogdium, 459.

Rhufina, 460.

Rhutupis, colony and metropolis, 438, 456, 482, 497.

---- portus, 145, 152, 420.

Richard's Itinerary, original text, 480.

Ricnea, isle, 463.

Roman roads in Britain, 125, 472-500.

Romana Insula, 446.

Ruim, isle of Thanet, 45, 397.

Ruteni, 138.

Rutunium, station, 484.

Ryknield Street, 478.

Sabrina, estuary, river, 111, 440, 442, 443, 445.

---- strait of, 441.

Sabrinam (Ad), station, 493.

Sacrum, promontory, 460.

Saessenaeg habail, 404.

Salinae, 445, 479, 492.

Salt Way, the Upper, 479.

Sariconium, 442, 496.

Sarna, isle, 463.

Scarburh, Old Sarum, 8.

Sceapige, the Isle of Sheppey, 21.

Scotti, 459, 461, 464, 468.

Seccandune, Seckington, 17.

Secunda, prov., 436, 437, 442.

Segontiaci, 438, 439, 497.

Segontium, Seguntium, stip., 440, 443, 457, 477, 483, 484.

Selgovae, 449.

Selgovia, region of, 449.

Selinam (Ad), sta., 490, 491.

Selwoodshire, Sherborne, 14.

Senae, isles, 463.

Senones, 429, 443, 464.

Senus, river, 460.

Seteja, river, 447.

Set thirgabail, 404.

Sexta Colonia, see _Eboracum_.

Sigdiles, isles, 463.

Silimnus, isles, 463.

Silures, 422, 442, 443, 470.

Sistuntii, 447.

Sistuntiorum Portus, 488.

Sitomagus, station, 484.

Snotingaham, Nottingh., 26.

Sorbiodunum, town, Latian, 439, 457, 477, 498.

Sore, river, 114, 119.

Southampton, 439

Spinae, station, 494.

Staeningham, Steyning, 49.

Stemrugam, Stonehenge? 49.

Stipendiary towns, 457.

Stonehenge, 272.

Streaneshalch, Whitby, 13.

Sture, river, 111.

Sturium Amnem (Ad), station, 484.

Sturius, river, 438.

Suanewic, Swanwich, 59.

Sulomagus, station, 482.

Surius, river, 446.

Sygdiles, isles, 441.

Taixali, 451.

Taixalorum, promont., 451.

Tamara, river, 498.

---- town, 441, 477.

Tamarus, river 441.

Tamea, 452, 491.

Tamesis, station, 500.

Tavum (Ad), station, 490.

Taum, 477.

Tavus, river, 443, 451.

Tenet, Isle of Thanet, 45.

Termolus, 441, 477.

Thamesis, river, 436, 439, 443, 444.

Thanatos, isle, 463.

Thancastre, 186.

Theodosia, town, Latian, 452, 457.

Thermae, colony, named Aquae Solis, 456, 465.

Thornsaeta, 58.

Thule, isle, 419, 462.

---- province, 452.

Tibia, river, 493.

Tiggocobauc, Nottingham, 53.

Tina, river, 449, 451.

Tinam (Ad), sta., 490, 491.

Tintagel, 224.

Tisam (Ad), 486.

Tosibus, river, 444.

Totness, 106, 207, 233.

Towy, river, 406.

Trajectus, station, 493.

Trat Treuroit, river, 409.

Trimontium, 449, 489, 490.

Trinobantes, 444.

Trinobantia, region of, 444.

Trinobantum, 108, 114, 122, 131, 137, 142, 145, 392, 445, 477, 478.

Tripontium, sta., 483, 500.

Trivona, river, 446.

Trivonam (Ad), 500.

Troy, New, 108.

Tueda, river, 449, 486.

Tuessis, river, 452.

---- town, 452.

Tuessim (Ad), sta., 490, 491.

Turnis, city, 388.

Uriconium, Urioconium, 444, 477, 483, 495.

Urus, river, 447.

Uxaconia, station, 483.

Uxella, river, 440.

Uxella, mount, 450.

---- town, 441, 479.

Uxellam Amnem (Ad), station, 492.

Uxellum, town, 449.

Vacomagi, 451.

Vagnaca, station, 483, 497.

Valentia, province, 436, 450, 471.

Vallis-doloris, 408.

Vallum of Hadrian, 466.

---- Antoninus, 450.

---- Severus, 436, 448, 406.

---- (Ad), station, 486, 489-491.

Vanduaria, 450.

Varar, estuary, 437, 452.

---- river, 437, 452.

Varis, station, 483, 491.

Vatarae, station, 489.

Vecta, Vectis, isle, 5, 7, 8, 462, 469.

Vecturones, 451.

Velatorii, 460.

Veneti, 422, 463.

Venicnii, islands, 459.

Venicnium, head or promontory, 459.

Venisnia, island, 459.

Vennicuii, 459.

Vennonis, 496.

Venricones, 451.

Venromentum, station, 496.

Venta, Belgarum, stip., 439, 446, 457, 479, 496, 498.

---- Cenom, or Icenor, stip., 446, 457, 484, 485.

---- Silurum, stip., 442, 457, 479, 493.

Ventageladia, station, 498.

Verlucione, 494.

Verolamium, Verulamium, municipal, 445, 456, 465, 417, 482.

Verubium, or Viuvedrum, promontory, 454.

Vespasiana, province, 436, 450, 452.

Via Julia, 493.

Victoria, town under the Latian law, 451, 457, 490, 491.

Vidua, river, 459.

Vegesimum,(Ad), st., 493, 494.

Vindelia, Vindilios, island, 440, 463.

Vinderus, river, 460.

Vindomora, station, 487.

Vindomis, 496, 497, 500.

Vindonum, stip., 439, 457.

Vinovium, Vindovium, 447, 477, 478, 486, 487.

Vinvedrum, Virvedrum, promontory, 454.

Virioconium, Viriconium, 483, 484.

Vodiae, 460.

Vodium, promontory, 460.

Volsas Sinus, 454.

Voluba, 441, 477, 498.

Voluntii, 459, 460, 461.

Vorreda, station, 489.

Walls, Roman, 444.

Wanating, Wantage, 43.

Wautsum, estuary, 397, 462.

Wales, 441.

Watling Street, 476.

Wedale, or Wodale, 408.

West Chester, 442.

Wiccii, 63.

Wicgambeorg, Wembury, 44.

Wight, island, see _Vecta_.

Weolod, Welland, river, 37.

Westmaria, 153.

Wilsaetum, Wiltshire, 20.

Wisseans, 164.

Wodnesbyrg, 9.

Wothnesbeorghge, Wanborough, 14

Wubbandune, 8.

Y Vel Ynys, island, 419.

ROMAN PROVINCES AND ENGLISH COUNTIES.

1. CORNABIL AND DANMONIA People of Cornwall and Devonshire. 2. DUROTRIGES Dorsetshire. 3. BELGAE Somerset, Wilts, and the greater part of Hants, including the Isle of Wight. 4. ATREBATIE Berkshire. 5. REGNI Surrey, Sussex and the south-eastern part of Hants. 6. CANTII Kent. 7. TRINOBANTES Middlesex and Essex. 8. ICENI Suffolk, Norfolk, Cambridge, and Huntingdonshire. 9. CATIEUCHLANI Bucks, Bedford and Hertfordshire. 10. DOBUNI Gloucestershire and Oxfordshire. 11. SILURES Hereford, Monmouth, Radnor, Brecon, and Glamorganshire. 12. DIMETAE Carmarthen, Pembroke, and Cardiganshire. 13. ORDOVICES Flint, Denbigh, Merioneth, Montgomery, Carnarvonshire, and Anglesey. 14. CORNAVII Cheshire, Shropshire, Stafford, Warwick, and Worcestershire. 15. CORITANI Lincoln, Nottingham, Derby, Leicester, Rutland, and Northamptonshire. 16. BRIGANTES Yorkshire, Lancashire, Westmoreland, Cumberland, and Durham. 17. ATTADINI, or OTTADUNI Northumberland.

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APULEIUS, The Works of. Comprising the Golden Ass, God of Socrates, Florida, and Discourse of Magic. 5_s._

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BELL (Sir Charles). The Anatomy and Philosophy of Expression, as connected with the Fine Arts. By Sir Charles Bell, K.H. 7th edition, revised. 5_s._

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The Best Practical Working Dictionary of the English Language.

WEBSTER'S INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY.

2348 PAGES. 5000 ILLUSTRATIONS.

NEW EDITION, REVISED THROUGHOUT WITH A NEW SUPPLEMENT OF 25,000 ADDITIONAL WORDS AND PHRASES.

The Appendices comprise a Pronouncing Gazetteer of the World, Vocabularies of Scripture, Greek, Latin, and English Proper Names, a Dictionary of the Noted Names of Fiction, a Brief History of the English Language, a Dictionary of Foreign Quotations, Words, Phrases, Proverbs, &c., a Biographical Dictionary with 10,000 names, &c., &c.

* * * * *

Dr. MURRAY, _Editor of the 'Oxford English Dictionary_,' says:--'In this its latest form, and with its large Supplement and numerous appendices, it is a wonderful volume, which well maintains its ground against all rivals on its own lines. The 'definitions,' or more properly, 'explanations of meaning' in 'Webster' have always struck me as

## particularly terse and well-put; and it is hard to see how anything

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Professor JOSEPH WRIGHT, M.A., Ph.D., D.C.L., LL.D., _Editor of the 'English Dialect Dictionary_,' says:--'The new edition of "Webster's International Dictionary" is undoubtedly the most useful and reliable work of its kind in any country. No one who has not examined the work carefully would believe that such a vast amount of lexicographical information could possibly be found within so small a compass.'

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