CHAPTER XIII
YACHT INSURANCE
BY G. L. BLAKE
A book on yachting would not be complete without a few words relating to yacht insurance. There are hundreds of owners who never think of taking out a Marine policy on their boats, simply because they do not know how easy it is; twenty-five years ago indeed only a few insured because it was not generally understood that Lloyd's Agents were willing to underwrite their names against all yachting risks. All yachts should be insured, and therefore the writer will endeavour to explain some of the special clauses contained under a yachting policy.
The ordinary form for a Marine policy, printed and supplied by Government prior to August 1887, is in the main only suitable for merchant shipping; hence clauses have to be added to make that form of service in the case of yachts. Thus the time and dates between which the policy is to hold good must be stated, after which should come what may be called the--
No. 1 Yachting Clause, taking in the following conditions under which Lloyd's hold themselves liable. It runs thus:--
In port and at sea, in docks and graving docks, and on ways, gridirons, and pontoons, and / or on the mud, and / or hard, at all times, in all places, and on all occasions, services and trades whatsoever and wheresoever, under steam or sail, with leave to sail with or without pilots, to tow and assist vessels or craft in all situations, and to be towed, and to go trial trips. Including all risks and accidents arising from navigation by steam or otherwise. To include the risk of launching.
No. 2 Yachting Clause should allow the yacht to 'touch and stay at any ports or places whatsoever and wheresoever, and for any and all purposes.'
The No. 3 Yachting Clause makes the liability cover the hulls, spars, sails, materials, fittings, boats (including launch, steam or otherwise, if any), &c.
The No. 4 Yachting Clause is a promise to return a certain sum for every fifteen consecutive days cancelled, and for every fifteen consecutive days laid up dismantling, overhauling, repairing, altering, or fitting out.
No. 5 the Collision Clause.
No. 6 the Twenty-pound Clause.
No. 7 the Prevention Clause, No. 1.
No. 8 the Prevention Clause, No. 2.
With regard to the main clauses of the original Government form, it will be specially noticed that not one makes it necessary for the owner or skipper, or whoever may be in charge of the yacht, to be the holder of a Board of Trade Certificate. Then, after enumerating all the perils from which a vessel may run the risk of total loss, the form finishes up by stating that where only partial damage takes place, the underwriters are ready to pay an average for the repair of such damage at the rate of 3 per cent. That is to say, supposing a 10-tonner is insured at 900_l._ and she splits her mainsail and carries away her mast, which in its fall smashes up the boat, the policy will cover up to 27_l._ of the average value only, and the difference between that and the true value will become a loss to the insurer. This is known as the Average Clause.
To enable the insurer to claim on a partial loss to the full amount of that loss the Twenty-pound Clause is added, and for this in all policies over the value of 700_l._ a small extra premium has to be paid. This clause is decidedly in favour of the man who insures a large yacht, but is of little use to the owner of a small craft. In the first place, it leaves the underwriters liable only for losses above the value of 20_l._ and nothing under. It must be remembered that the general casualties on board a cruising yacht, _when cruising only_, are the carrying away of a bowsprit or topmast, the splitting of a topsail or spinnaker jib, and the whole lot would have to come to grief in a 10-tonner, for instance, before the owner would find his bill for damages sufficiently large to present to the underwriters for payment. With a 60-ton yacht it would be otherwise, as a topmast and topsail would alone run into 20_l._; so it follows that the larger the yacht the more advantageous will be the addition of the Twenty-pound Clause, since the less will be the difficulty to make out a claim for a sum above that amount.
In a small 5-ton yacht for which the policy need not exceed 500_l._, the addition of this clause naturally lies in favour of the underwriters, for it is next to impossible for the yacht to receive such damage as will necessitate the outlay of 20_l._ to put her all to rights again. That is, such a catastrophe as must happen to oblige such an expenditure does not occur to one small yacht in a thousand, unless it brings with it at the same time very nearly, if not altogether, total loss. Some agents, however, are willing to lower the twenty and make the clause ten pounds, but of course this risk will mean again a slight extra payment. It is better for the small yacht-owner to pay for a ten-pound clause than have an extra clause which will be of no practical use to him.
The No. 1 Yachting Clause contains some very useful matter. A few years ago, for example, a 20-tonner left by the tide high and dry on the mud at one of our West of England ports, with a leg at each side to support her (her copper required cleaning), fell over and was considerably damaged. On the owner, who had insured his yacht at the beginning of the season, claiming for the damage she had sustained, the claim was disallowed, and after the powers that be had been invoked, the case was given against the owner, the accident not having taken place on the high seas. The form under which the 20-tonner was insured could not have contained the No. 1 Yachting Clause, otherwise the claim would have been in favour of the owner. All contingencies of that kind are met under this clause.
The No. 2 Yachting Clause allows the yacht to voyage to any part of the world and over any seas.
The No. 3 and No. 4 Clauses explain themselves.
The Collision Clause is a very necessary addition to all Marine policies. In case of a collision with another vessel, although the yacht may be in fault, the underwriters are liable under the clause to pay up to three-fourths of the value of the policy towards the repairs of the damaged vessel or the general repairs. The writer has a policy before him for 1,000_l._ with the Collision Clause inserted. Let it be supposed that the yacht for which this policy was taken out has run into another vessel, which has received damage to the amount of 800_l._, then the underwriters are responsible up to the amount of 750_l._
Collisions with piers or the removal of obstructions do not come under this clause, and if thought worth insuring against, have to be freed by what has been termed in this notice No. 7, or the Prevention Clause No. 1. This clause enables the insurer to claim for the fourth quarter over and above the three quarters for which the underwriters are liable under the Collision Clause. It will enable him to hand over the business and cost of raising and removing from a fairway, for example, any vessel that he may have sunk through collision with his yacht, or repair any piers that may have been damaged through contact with the boat. Few, however, have this clause inserted in their policies, as so small a risk can safely be borne by an owner.
No. 8, or the Prevention Clause No. 2, only concerns yachtsmen who race their vessels. Its correct title is 'The Racing Clause.' This wipes out those few words from the policy that free the underwriters from all liability in the Twenty-pound Clause, and makes them responsible for total or other loss, should such take place, while the yacht is in the act of racing; for no simple policy or ordinary form provides against '_racing risks_.'
The above remarks refer to policies of insurance on yachts of all sizes; the following will be interesting to the owners of small craft, as giving the average premiums that should be paid under the several conditions named.
For a 250_l._ policy covering five months, two guineas per cent. This policy should include the Twenty-pound and Collision Clauses.
The Protection Clause to cover five months should be added for the payment of 5 per cent. extra.
The Racing Protection Clause covering a similar length of time should be inserted at the rate of 10 per cent. extra.
A laying-up policy freeing the owner of all risks during the winter months should cost 6_s._ 8_d._ or about that sum, for a policy worth 350_l._ This policy will cover risks from fire, falling over, and all such accidents as may take place whilst a yacht is hauled up in a yard or elsewhere.
A laying-up policy to cover the winter months ought to be obtained at the rate of 2_s._ 6_d._ to 5_s._ for a like policy of 350_l._ This policy will cover all risks that may be incurred by a yacht laid up, dismantled, and left at her moorings, such as from fire, dragging ashore, being run into, &c.
Of course insurances differ as to the amount of premium to be paid according to the age of the yacht, her size, and the amount of the policy. Thus for a 100_l._ policy on an old worn-out 5-tonner, to cover summer sailing risks, as much as 5 per cent. has been paid, while for a 150_l._ policy for an old but well-kept-up yacht of a similar tonnage, 50_s._ has been the premium covering the five summer months.
In conclusion, it may be as well to mention that on no account is it a wise plan for the yacht-owner to insure his vessel for a less amount than her full value, including gear, furniture, such valuables as he keeps on board, stores, &c. There are times when, a yacht having suffered partial disablement, the underwriters may propose a composition, owing to there having been no fixed expense incurred in carrying out the repairs. Should a certain sum be agreed upon, and the owner happen to have only insured for a portion of the yacht's true value, whatever ratio that portion bears to the actual value, as laid down by him to the agents, will be deducted from the sum given as compensation. For instance, a friend of the writer insured his small yacht for 200_l._, her true value as given in by him at the time to Lloyd's agent being 250_l._ During the season, owing to a heavy gale of wind, she dragged her anchor, and, no one being on board, was picked up out at sea by a fishing-boat and towed back a derelict. The owner agreed to accept 25_l._ in compensation for the expenses incurred; but he was astonished when the amount handed over to him only proved to be 20_l._ On going into the matter, he was told that he had undertaken a fifth part of the risk on the yacht himself, in that he had insured for 200_l._, the yacht's real worth being 250_l._, and therefore he would have to bear a fifth part of the expense; and since he had agreed that 25_l._ was sufficient compensation, so the underwriters could only be liable to the amount of 20_l._ The case was brought into court and judgment given in favour of the underwriters. The yachting clauses described above are inserted on the usual Marine policy form, and the yacht insurer cannot do better than have the clauses as given in this chapter inserted in any policy form he may accept.
Attempts have been made from time to time to launch a Mutual Yacht Insurance Company, by which yachtsmen would be able to undertake their own risks by mutual co-operation and without reference to Lloyd's; but there are points, where a system of mutual insurance may benefit householders, who may be said to be localised, which would create difficulties almost sufficient to prevent any general Mutual Yacht Insurance from covering its expenses. The changes that occur in yacht-ownership are very many and frequent, and it must be often the case, that when a yacht-owner ceases to be such, any interest he may have had in a Mutual Insurance Company would have to cease too. Such changes rarely take place among the members of a Mutual House Insurance Company, and it thrives accordingly; but the constant shift of ownership, which may be seen annually by anyone who will take the trouble to study the 'Yacht List,' would surely prove a serious drawback to a Mutual Yacht Insurance Company.
In localities like the Clyde, however, where a yacht is almost as great a necessity as the possession of a stone frigate (house ashore), there seems no reason why Mutual Insurance among the local yacht-owners should not do well and prove a most successful undertaking; but then great judgment would have to be exercised as to the kind of risks such a company should incur, and many would have to be excluded, which Lloyd's agents up to the present time have been very willing to accept, such as the insurance of all yachts whose crews do not live on board while in commission, and the like. If the above remarks prove of use as well as interesting to yacht-owners, it must in justice be said that the writer is much indebted for the kindly help given him by his friend Mr. York, the secretary of the Royal Clyde Yacht Club, when compiling the information given.
INDEX TO THE FIRST VOLUME
Accommodation in a yacht defined, 363
'Active,' used by Froude in experimenting on the resistance of ships through water, 86
'Ada' (2-1/2-rater), 231, 232; (5-rater), 234
Adams, W., of Greenock, his iron horse for yachts, 391
'Adèle' (5-tonner), 328
Admiralty, the, build the cutter 'Trial' (1790) and the brig 'Lady Nelson' (1797) with three sliding keels, 104
Adriatic, the, yachting in, 38
Advertisements and cards of races, 153, 154
Æschylus, quoted, 39
Ahl, the moorlands of, 309
Ailsa, Marquis of, owner of 'Titania,' 47, 82
'Alarm' (193 tons), 22, 52, 73, 110, 111; (243 tons), 116
'Albatross' (118-tonner), 20
'Albertine' (153 tons), 113
Alderney Race, 402
'Alerte' (E. F. Knight's), yawl, 299, 300, 301; commissariat, 305; cooking on board, 306
Algiers, wreck of the 'Alouette' at, 333
'Aline' (216 tons), construction, 111; successes, 112, 113, 115, 116; race against the 'Livonia' for the Prince of Wales's Cup in 1871, 126; and 1872, 132; 136, 141; her lifeboat, 206; dimensions and sail-plan of cutter, 208
Allan, Messrs., owners of the 'Nora' (5-tonner), 346; and of the 'Doris' (5-tonner), 354
Almanac for the Solent Racing, King & Co.'s, summary of racing rules in, 151
'Alouette' (5-tonner), dimensions of, 332; wreck, 333
Aluminium, as a material for yacht-building, 80
'Alwida' (5-rater), 241, 242, 246, 372
America, adoption of centreboards in, 102, 103, 105; centreboard v. keel, 106
'America,' American schooner, her début in English waters, 12; characteristics of her build, 74; sails, 74; epoch-making vessel in yacht-designing, 75; in the race round the Isle of Wight for the Royal Yacht Squadron 100_l._ cup, 110
America Cup, 107; first competition for, 110; holders unduly favoured, 111; the 1870 race, 124; the 1871 race, 129
America, North, the eastern seaboard of, 21; schooners and crews employed in the coasting trade, 21; as a cruising ground, 37
American pre-eminence in yacht-building, 11
Ames, L. M., owner of the 'Atlantis,' 141, 230
'Amphitrite,' schooner, 109, 144
'Amy' (72 tons), 116
Anchors, yacht, 218, 382-384
'Anemone,' yawl, E. Liddell's, 141
Aneroid, the, 312-314, 321
Anholt, Island of, 314
Apenrade, 309
'Aquiline' (55 tons), 113
Arabin, Mr., 230
'Archee' (5-rater), 241, 242, 563
Archer, Colin, of Christiania, 344
Ardglass, 401
'Arethusa,' Stuart Lane's cutter, 141
'Arrow,' the original, 52; her dimensions, 71; bought and altered by T. Chamberlayne, 73; 110, 134, 330, 331
Ashbury, James, has the 'Cambria' built, 115; refuses the second race against 'Sappho,' 124; brings out the 'Livonia' schooner, 126; 131
Ashes, black, for removing varnish, 379
Asia Minor, cruising off the coast of, 400
Assheton-Smith, T., characteristics of his cutter 'Menai,' 73
'Atlantis,' L. M. Ames's yawl, 141
'Aurora,' in the race round the Isle of Wight for the Royal Yacht Squadron 100_l._ cup, 111
Australia, voyage to, time occupied by 'Sunbeam' under sail and steam, 26; racing and cruising on the coast of, 399
'Avadavat' (2-1/2-rater), 246, 247
Average clause, Insurance, 408
Azores, the, 38, 43
'Babe,' the (2-1/2-rater), 241, 243-247
Baden-Powell, W., his designs for the 'Diamond' (5-tonner), 61-64; 331
Bags for clothes on a voyage, 392
Bahamas, the, 38
Bainbridge, Captain, R.N., 141
'Bairn' (2-1/2-rater), 246, 250
Baldwin, Mr., of New York, 116
Balearic Islands, 38
Ballast, gradual abolition of shifting, 77; for a yacht's sailing boat, 205, 206, 208; for yachts, 302, 303
Baltic, cruising in the, 37, 308; interest and pleasure of, 309; the voyage from England, 309; character of the coast scenery, 309; the coast of Denmark and its people, 310; coasting in a small craft, 310; bad weather, 310, 311; shallow craft advocated, 311; consulting the aneroid, 312; fishermen, 313; character of vessel for cruising in, 314; old P. & O. lifeboat, 314, 315; use of leeboards, 316; advantage of leeboards over centreboards, 317, 318; boats suited for, 319; running for a port in a storm, 320; use of the drogue, 321
Bangor Bay, Belfast, 401
Bantry Bay, 401
Barbados, 38
'Barbet' (10-rater), 251
Baring, E. (afterwards Lord Revelstoke), 140
Baring, General, 237
Barking Outfall, 223
Barometers, 312-314
'Barracouta' (3-tonner, 1860), 328; yawl (5-tonner, 1874), 329
Barrow, Mr., hon. sec. Island Sailing Club, 237
Barrow-in-Furness, 76, 401
Batthyany, Count E., brings out the 'Flying Cloud,' 116; and the 'Kriemhilda,' 134; (Prince) his share in starting the Y.R.A., 146; his 'Drina,' 232
'Beagle,' H.M. brig, rig of, 29
Beam, appreciation of the value of, 65, 93
Beauclerk, W. A., 243
Beaufoy, Colonel, his experiments in towing bodies through water, 83
'Bedouin,' 179, 180
Beds, yacht, 385
Belfast, 373, 401
'Bella Donna' (119 tons), 78
'Bell's Life,' cited, 55, 56
Belvidere yard, the, 232
Bembridge, 403
Bembridge Regatta, 351
Bembridge Sailing Club, 229, 239, 248
Bennett, Gordon, 115, 117, 131
Bentall, E. H., builder of the 'Jullanar,' 88; and of the 'Evolution,' 90
Bermuda, 38
Berthon collapsible boat, the, 304
Berthon dinghy, the, 398
Berthon's paint, 399
Biscuits, ship's, 305
Bishop, Mr., builder of the 'Barracouta,' 328
Black & Co. (late Hatcher & Co.), 245
Black ashes for removing varnish, 379
'Black Maria' (American sloop), 106
Black, Mr., 246
'Black Pearl,' cutter of, midship section of, 200; sail-plan, 203; description of, 206; dimensions, &c., 208
Black priming varnish, 377
Blackwater River, Essex, 88
Blake, G. L., on 5-tonners and 5-raters in the North, 322 _et seq._; owner of the 'Cyprus' (5-tonner), 347; on yacht insurance, 407 _et seq._
'Bloodhound' (1874), built without fittings, 82
'Blue Bell' (170 tons), 113, 114; (5-rater), 233, 234
'Boadicea' (378 tons), 139
Boag, Mr., 335
Board of Trade certificates, 408
Boats, yacht's, 187 _et seq._; 303
Booth, Sir Robert Gore, 76
Boston, New England, centreboard building at, in 1774, 103
Boutcher, E. (owner of the 'Fiona'), 140
Brassey, Lord, on ocean cruising, 18 _et seq._; his voyages, 18; distances sailed, 20; vessels in which he voyaged, 20; on American models, 22; on steam versus sailing yachts, 23; on sailing yachts with auxiliary steam power, 24; record of voyages made by 'Sunbeam' under sail, steam, and sail and steam, 26-29; calculation of time under sail and under steam in ordinary cruising, 28; on the question of rig, 29; his personal experience of yachting, 30-36; on the 'Eothen' from Queenstown to Quebec, 30; on the 'Sunbeam' in a storm off Flamborough Head, 31-33; on the overmasting of the pleasure fleet, 33; in a long gale on the 'Sunbeam' from Nassau to Bermuda, 34; a dirty night on board the 'Sunbeam' between Honolulu and Japan, 35; on the pleasures of navigating a yacht, 36; his first navigation charge, 37; on seamanship, 37; on pleasant cruising grounds, 37, 38; on the love of the sea, 39
Bridson, Mr., 78
Bristol Channel, 43
'Britannia,' H.R.H. the Prince of Wales's (151.13 Y.R.A. rating), loss of three masts by, 10; victorious career, 11; rate of speed, 15; 22, 23, 59; sketch of her cutwater, 60; dimensions, 69; 77; fittings, 82; plan of general arrangement, 84; 179
British sailors, character of, 296
Brixham, 403
Broadwood, Thomas, his 'Witchcraft' (240 tons), 113
Bronze, manganese, for plating purposes, 79
Brooke, Rajah, his 'Royalist' (schooner, 45 tons), 21
Brooks, Samuel, R.N.A.V., 43, 44
Brushes for varnishing, 378
Buchanan, John Cross, his 'Wave' fixed with a metal keel, 53
Buckley & Sherlock, builders of the 'Lorelei' (5-tonner), 344, 345
Bucknill, Colonel, designs the 'Thalassa,' 228; and 'Quinque,' 242
'Bud' (2-1/2-rater), 251
Burgess, Edward, American boatbuilder, designs a keel-boat, 106
Burlings Light, 45, 46
Bute, 38
'Buttercup' (1880), character of build, 58; her excellent record, 59
Buying a yacht, advice concerning, 375; probable annual cost, 375; expense of crew, 375; cost of sails, gear, &c., 375; best men to buy of, 376; places to buy at, 376; caution in early days of ownership, 376
Byrne, St. Clare. _See_ St. Clare Byrne
Byron, quoted, on the sea, 39
Cadiz, 45
Calais, character of the sea near, 365
Caledon, Earl of, 141
'Calluna,' the Clyde champion, 23; her dimensions, 69, 71
Calshot, racing at, 227
'Cambria,' schooner, and the America Cup, 111; wins the race across the Atlantic in 1870, 115, 124; 116, 119, 120, 122; her races against the 'Sappho,' 123; eighth for the America Cup in 1870, 125; 131
'Camellia' (5-tonner), 333; dimensions, 334; matches with 'Freda,' 341-343; 349
'Camilla' (2-1/2-rater), 244, 245, 247
Campbeltown, Cantyre, 369, 400
Camper & Nicholson, Messrs., of Gosport, 20; build the 'Aline,' 111; the 'Blue Bell,' 113; 115; the 'Gwendolin,' 119; 134, 135, 139, 140, 144
Canoe of the South Seas, the, 361
Cape de Gata, 38
Cape La Hogue, 402
Cape St. Vincent, 45
Cape Spartel, 45
Cape Verdes to Rio, from, time occupied by 'Sunbeam,' 26
Capstans, improvement in, 81
Card, the race, 154
Carlingford Lough, Ireland, 215; phenomena of the wind in, 215; as a cruising ground, 401
Carroll, R. P. owner of the 'Navahoe,' 23, 151
Castle Yacht Club, 227, 229, 237, 238, 241, 244, 247
Castletown, Isle of Man, 401
Cattegat, the, 42, 308, 314
Caustic potash for removing varnish, 379
Cecil, the late Lord Francis, owner of the 'Chittywee' (3-tonner), 141, 371
Cedar fittings, 81
Centreboards, origin of, 102; American, 103; dagger boards, 103; early form, 103; Lord Percy's boat in 1774, 103; at Deptford, 104; general adoption of, in America, 105; application to English racers, 105; battle of centreboard _v._ keel, 106; to a cutter, 199-201, 219
'Cetonia' (203 tons), 136, 137, 141
'Challenge' (20-tonner), 338
Chamberlayne, Tankerville, owner of 'Arrow' (5-tonner), 330
Chamberlayne, Thomas, buys and alters the original 'Arrow' (84 tons), 73
Champy, Bescoit, his 'Diane' (98 tons), 117
Channel, English, as a cruising ground, 37
'Chazalie,' 24
China clipper ships, the, 77
'Chipmunk' (2-1/2-rater), 231, 232, 236
'Chiquita,' 180
'Chittywee' (3-tonner), 230, 371
Christiania, 42, 44
'Christabel,' 114
'Christine' (40-tonner), 333
Cimbrian Peninsula, 309, 310
'Circe' (123 tons), 113, 114
Civita Vecchia, 38
Clarke, Mr., owner of the 'Satanita,' 23, 230, 232
Clayton, Colonel Fitzroy, 146
Clayton, C. P., 66, 96, 101, 227, 234, 243, 247, 372
'Clio' (5-tonner), 335
'Clotilde' (5-tonner), G. L. Watson's first racing yacht, 88
Club and open matches, 152
Clyde, estuary of the, yachting in, 38; the China clipper ships, 77; yacht-builders, 83; wind-force, 174; early appreciation of small racing craft, 324; sea disturbance at, 366; 5-raters, 371; racing in the, 374, 400
Cochrane, Blair Onslow, hon. sec. Bembridge Sailing Club, 239
'Cockatoo' (2-1/2-rater), 251
'Cock-a-Whoop' (2-1/2-rater), diagram of her lines, 234; 235, 241, 244; (5-rater), 233, 234, 235
Collapsible boat, Berthon, 304
Collision clause, Insurance, 410
'Colonia' (American keel boat), 69, 106
'Columbia,' American centreboard schooner, beats the 'Livonia' in the first match for the race for the America Cup in 1871, 129; and in the second, 130; breaks down in the third, 131
'Columbine' type of racing cruisers, 147
Commissariat for foreign cruises, 304, 305
'Condor' (129 tons), 116
Cooking on a yacht, 306, 307
Coolin Hills, Skye, 215
'Coquette,' 248
'Cordelia' (18-ton schooner), 331
'Corinne' (162 tons), 136
Corinthian deep-sea cruising, 41; difficulties in the way of amateurs undertaking long voyages, 41; voyages of the 'Hornet,' 42; cruise of the 'Hornet' in 1879, 43; in 1880 and 1881, 44; expense of amateur crew, 47; precautions in handling crew at sea, 48; privileges of, at regattas, 157
'Corisande' (yawl), wins the Commodore and Vice-Commodore cups of the Royal Victoria Yacht Club in 1872, 134
'Cormorant' (2-1/2-rater), 232
Corsica, 38
'Cosette' (2-1/2-rater), 233, 237, 244
Cost, annual, of a yacht, 375, 376
Cowes, 11, 112, 113, 119, 121, 127, 133, 134, 136, 141, 143, 144, 226, 403
Cox, F., 146
Cox, Miss, 228, 236, 244, 247
Craig, Mr., part owner of the 'Camellia' (5-tonner), 335
Cranfield, Lemon, skipper of the 'Miranda,' 140
Crawford, A. F. S., his 'Squall' (5-rater), 254
'Creole' (40-rater), her dimensions, 66-68
Cruiser, a sailing, of 10,000 tons, speculative career of, 15, 16
Cruising grounds, 37, 38, 399-405
Cruising, precautions to be observed on unknown coasts, 404, 405
Cumberland Sailing Society in the Thames, 104
'Cumberland,' Commodore Taylor's, with five sliding keels, 305
'Currytush' (3-tonner), 354, 371
Cutters, modern racing, 14, 198
Cuxhaven, 315
'Cyane' (5-rater), 251, 253, 254, 372
'Cygnet' (35 tons), plan of, 54
'Cymba' (Queen's Cup winner, 1857), 20; her dimensions, 76
'Cynthia' (H.M. sloop), 104
'Cyprus' (5-tonner), dimensions and lines of, 346; fittings, 347, 348; her voyage from Scotland to Plymouth, 349-351; racing performances, 351, 352; on Lake Ontario, 352; compared with 5-raters, 356; 380, 387, 398
'Czarina,' 24
'Dacia' (5-rater), her 1892 certificate, 169; 251, 253, 254, 255, 372, 373
Dagger-boards, 103
'Dancing Girl,' 248
Danish Islands, 42
Danske fishing-boat, 311
Dartmouth, 8, 43, 44, 45, 403; sea disturbance at, 365, 366
'Dauntless' (336 tons), loses the race across the Atlantic, in 1870, 115; 117, 124; third in the race for the Emperor Napoleon III.'s Cup, 118; 119, 120, 121, 129, 131; in the race for the Prince of Wales's Cup in 1872, 132
'Dauntless' (ketch), wins the first prize in the Royal Yacht Squadron Jubilee race, 141
'Dawn,' the, 47
'Decima' (10-rater), 171, 177, 179, 180, 183, 184, 186, 233, 241, 245
Deck-houses, 23
'Dee Dee' (1/2-rater), 246, 248
'Deerhound' (40-rater), her dimensions, 66-68
'Delvin' (5-tonner), 367
Denmark, 44; pleasant cruising coasts of, 310
Denny Brothers, Messrs., of Dumbarton, 87
Deptford, centreboards built at, in 1789, 104
Designer, duties of a, 151
'Diamond' (5-tonner), tables and diagrams showing length and displacement, 61-63; 331, 332
'Diane' (98 tons), 117, 118
Dickenson, Mr., of Birkenhead, builder of the 'Wyvern' (6-tonner), 325, 328; of the 'Naiad' and 'Pastime' (10-tonners), 327; of the 'Adèle' (5-tonner), 328
'Diligent,' 47
Dinghies, 303, 318, 398
'Dis' (10-rater), 180, 230, 231, 232, 233, 241, 245, 252
Dodd, Edward, R.N.A.V., 43
Dogfish, 191
'Dog-legged' sternpost, 57
'Dolly Varden,' Ratsey's, 232
'Dolphin' (2-1/2-rater), 180, 241, 243, 247
'Dora,' G. L. Watson's centreboard, 59, 105
'Doreen' (10-rater), 171, 177, 179, 180, 183, 184, 186, 251, 252
'Doris' (5-tonner), tables and diagrams showing length and displacement, 61-63; 81, 233; her dimensions, 354; her matches with 'Jenny Wren,' 354, 355, 359
'Dorothy' (5-rater), 234
Douglas, Isle of Man, 401
Douglas, Mr., 123
'Doushka' (1-rater), 251
Dowell, Admiral Sir William, 44
'Dragon' (20-rater), 80
'Drina' (10-rater), 232
Drogues, use of, 320, 321
Du Bowlay, Captain, 248
Dublin Bay, small yacht racing in, 325, 326
Dudley, Lord, owner of the 'Dacia' (5-rater), 253, 254, 255, 373
Dudley, Tom, sails the 'Camellia' in her matches with 'Freda,' 344
Dufferin, Lord, his adoption of sailing yachts with auxiliary steam power, 24
Dunraven, Earl of, his efforts to bring back the cup from America, 11; his 'Valkyrie,' 23; on international yachting, 69, 111; on the rating rules, 167; 235, 241, 242, 253, 254; owner of the 'Alwida,' 372
Duppa, George, 113, 114
Eastern Archipelago, the, as a cruising ground, 38
Edwards, Mr., 113
'Egeria' (153 tons), 112; wins the Queen's Cup at Cowes in 1865, 113; second in R.T.Y.C. race from the Nore to Dover in 1866, 114; 115, 116, 117; second in the race for the Emperor Napoleon III.'s Cup, 118; classed as a standard or test vessel, 119; wins the Channel Match of the R.T.Y.C, 120, 121; wins the Prince of Wales's Challenge Cup, 122; beats the 'Livonia,' in the Thames, 126; in the race for the Prince of Wales's Cup in 1872, 132; in 1873, 835; and in 1874, 138; wins the Queen's Cup at Cowes, 134; 135, 136, 137; her race against the 'Seabelle' in 1875, 138; in the race of the Jubilee year, 140; the most successful of the schooners, 144
'Eileen' (1/2-rater), 248
Emerson, quoted, 35
'Enchantress,' American yacht, enters for the Prince of Wales's Cup in 1874, 137, 141
England, East Coast of, as a cruising ground, 37
England, South Coast of, as a cruising ground, 400
English Channel, the sea in the, 365
Entries, 160
'Eothen' (340 tons), 20; Lord Brassey's experience of a storm on board, from Queenstown to Quebec, 30
'Eulalie' (18 tons), 20
Euripides, on the ocean, 39
'Evadne' (206 tons), 112, 113
'Evolution' (10 tons), her broad beam, 71; the largest of the 10-tonners, 90; cause of her failure, 91; diagram, 92; 95
Ewing, Major, his 'Gwendolin' (171 tons), 119; 133, 134
Exeter, Marquis of, 146
Eyton, Wynne, designer and owner of 'Lorelei' (5-tonner), 344, 345
'Fair Geraldine' (5-rater), 230, 233, 234, 235, 241, 243
'Fairy' (2-1/2-rater), 231
Fal river, 403
'Falcon' (E. F. Knight's), her voyage to South America, 299; in a hurricane, 301; commissariat, 304; cooking on board, 307
Falmouth, 8; sea disturbance at, 365; 403
Farmer, Mr., 230
'Faugh-a-Ballagh' (2-1/2-rater), 251, 256
Fay & Co., builders of the 'Black Pearl's' cutter, 206
'Field,' cited, 51; on the rating rules, 169; 175-181, 229, 237, 239, 241, 250
'Fiera' (2-1/2-rater), 246, 247
'Fiery Cross' (51 tons), 113, 370
Fife, Messrs. William, of Fairlie, yacht builders and designers, 20, 66; the 'Cymba' (1852), 76; their use of nickel steel in the 'Dragon' (1893), 80; the 'Fiona,' 83; 96, 101; the 'Minerva,' 106; 233, 246, 252; the 'Pearl' (5-tonner), 330; 'Camellia' and the 'Clio,' 333, 335; 'Cyprus' (5-tonner), 346; the 'Delvin,' 367; their 5-raters, 372; the 'Red Lancer' (5-rater), 373
Fifty-tonners, fitting out, to go foreign, 295; selection and discipline of the crew, 296; rig and fit out, 297; small crew advised, 297; dealing with dissensions on board, 297; best men for foreign cruisers of small tonnage, 298; negro crews, 298; choice of vessel, 299; yawl rig, 300; sails, 300; spinnaker, 300; storm square-sail, 301, 302; ballast, 302, 303; boats, 303, 304; commissariat, 304; water, 305; salt meat, 305; biscuits, 305; tinned meats, 306; dealing with ship-chandlers, 306; cooking, 306; spirit stoves, 307; paraffin stoves, 307
Fin-keels, 369
'Fiona' (80 tons), establishes the fame of Scotch yacht-builders, 83; 120, 140
Fiords, Norwegian, 44
'Firefly,' 24
Fish, Mr., 137
Fisherman's anchor, the, 384
Fishing, sea, 190-193
Fitting out a yacht, 377; paint to be used, 377; scraping and revarnishing, 378; best method of treating the decks, 378; removing varnish, 379; laying decks, 379; recoppering, 380; finding out weak places, 381, 382; overhauling the rigging, 382; the anchor, 382-384; the interior accommodation, 384-388; beds, 385; movable pantry, 386; deadlights, 388; ropes and sails, 388-392; foresails, 390; lead of sheets, 391; mainsails, 391; the iron horse, 391; topsails, 392. _See_ also Fifty-tonners
Fitzroy, Captain, R.N., commander of 'Beagle,' 29
Five-raters in the North. _See_ Five-tonners, &c.
Five-raters, the Y.R.A. rule of measurement, 355; sail-area and length, 356, 357; best boats for Channel seas, 357; 'hard-mouthed,' 358; overhang forward, 358; fiddle-head and overhang bow, 358; main design, 359; 'staying' and 'getting away,' 359; reaching courses, 359; sternpost, fin and bulb keels, 360, 361; the Herreshoff boats the 'Wenonah' and 'Wee Winn,' 360; lugsails, 360; canoe models, 361; ocean travelling, 362; general requirements in a yacht, 362; weight, 363; accommodation, 363; sail-carrying power, 363; dimensions of yacht to be supplied with sails, 364; speed, 364; question of kind of waters small yachts will race in, 365, 366; principal form in America for all yachts, 367; large displacement, 367, 368; the fin-keel, 369; suitable harbours, 369; value of a moderate draught of water, 370; beam, 370, 371; sail-area, 371; Clyde boats, 371; Solent raters, 372; Messrs. Fife and G. L. Watson's yachts, 372; J. H. Nicholson's designs, 372; the 'Natica' and 'Red Lancer,' 373; buying, 375-377; fitting out, 377-392; altering the lugsail, 384; interior accommodation, 384-392; outfit, 392-395; racing, 395-398; cruising, 399-406
Five-tonners (and five-raters) in the North, 322; yachts built under the Thames rule of measurement and the rule of the Y.R.A., 323; cost of building and keeping up, 324; classed and prizes awarded, 324; prejudice against, 325; voyage of the 'Wyvern' from Kingstown to Liverpool, 326; the 'Pearl,' 'Torment,' and 'Arrow,' 330; 'Diamond,' 331; 'Alouette,' 332, 333; 'Vril,' 334, 335; 'Camellia,' 334, 335; 'Freda,' 335-337; matches between three last-named off Holyhead Island, 337-344; cheating the tonnage rule, 344; 'Lorelei,' 344; 'Urchin,' 345; chief method employed for walking through the 'length on deck rule,' 345; 'Nora,' 346; 'Cyprus,' 346-352; 'Trident,' 352; 'Olga,' 352; 'Luath,' 353; 'Oona,' 353; 'Doris,' 354, 355; 'Jenny Wren,' 354, 355; 'Delvin,' 367; buying, 375-377; crew sufficient for, 375; cost of sails, gear, &c., 375; men and places to buy of and at, 376; fitting out, 377-392; interior accommodation, 384-392; outfit, 392-395; racing, 395-398; cruising, 399-406
Flags, 394
Flamborough Head, 31-33
Flensborg, 309
'Fleur-de-Lys' (90 tons), 113
Floating blinds, 103
'Florinda,' yawl, diagrams of lines, 97; plans, 100; midship section, 101, 134
'Flutterby' (4-rater), 230
'Flying Cloud' (75 tons), 116, 119
Forecastle pantry, the, 380
Foreign cruises in vessels of small tonnage. _See_ Fifty-tonners
'Formosa,' cutter, 83
Formosa Channel, 'Sunbeam's' performance under sail in, 26
Forwood, Sir William, 146, 168
Fowey, 403
'Freak,' cutter, 110
Freake, Mr., first owner of the 'Freda' (5-tonner), 337
'Freda' (5-tonner), 333, 335; dimensions, 336; matches with 'Vril,' 337-341; matches with 'Camellia,' 341-343
French rating rules, 179, 180, 181, 185
Frisian Islands, 309
'Frolic' (7-rater), 230
Froude, Mr., quoted, on the ocean, 39
Froude, R. E., on the rating rules, 175; owner and designer of 'Jenny Wren' (5-tonner), 354
Froude, William, his experiments on the resistance of planes through water, 85, 86; his law of comparison, 86, 87, 88, 90
'G.G.' (2-1/2-rater), 233, 236
'Galatea,' cutter, in the International Race for the America Cup, 22; 111, 113
Gamble, Colonel, his lifeboat to the 'Aline,' 206-208
Gannets, 190
'Gareth' (2-1/2-rater), 251, 256, 372
Garret, Mr., his 'G.G.' (2-1/2-rater), 223, 236
'Garrion,' 78
'Genesta,' and the America Cup, 111, 141, 180
German Emperor William, his 'Meteor,' 11, 82; his yacht racing, 12
'Ghost,' 180
Gibraltar, 42, 45
Girth rating rule, 185
Gladstone, W. E., his cruise in the 'Sunbeam,' 19
'Glance,' 83, 101
'Gleam,' 76
'Gleam' (5-rater), 234
Glengariff, 401
'Gloriana' (133 tons), 106, 113, 114, 115, 116, 119
'Glycera' (5-rater), 241, 242, 245
Godinet, M., his new rating rule, 180
'Gossoon' (American keel boat), 106
Gourock, 400
Graham, E., R.N.A.V., 44
Grant, Lieutenant James, R.N., 104
'Graphic,' quoted, on the voyage of the 'Hornet' in 1879, 43
Gravesend Reach, 139
Grecian Archipelago, 400
Greeks, the, as lovers of the sea, 39
Greenland Dock, near London, Colonel Beaufoy's experiments in the, 83
Grenada, 38
Gretton, J., jun., 251, 252
'Greyhound,' used in experimenting on the resistance of ships through water, 86
Groceries, &c., for yachting, 393
Gubbins, Mr., success of his 'Windfall' against the 'Dacia,' 255
Guernsey, 402
'Guinevere' (308 tons), 115, 116, 117; wins the Emperor Napoleon III.'s Cup, 118; 121, 122
Guinness, Sir Edward, 141, 143
Gulf of Bothnia, 315
Gulf of Heligoland, 315
Gulf of Lyons, 38
Gulf of Mexico, 318
Gulls, 190
'Gwendolin' (171 tons), 119, 121, 122, 132, 136
Hallowes, Commodore, Admiral of the Minima Sailing Club, 238
Hannay, J. M., owner of the 'Barracouta,' 328
Hansen & Sons, builders of the 'Aline's' lifeboat, 206
Harbours suitable for small yachts, 369
Harlingen, 316
Harvey & Co., Wivenhoe, builders of the 'Oona' (5-tonner), 353
Harvey, E. N., 247
Harvey, John, of Wivenhoe, 136, 140
Harvey, Miss (afterwards Mrs. A. Heygate), 237
'Harvey's Patent' paint, 377, 378
Harwich to the Baltic, cruise from, 309, 310
Hatcher & Co. (now Black & Co.), 245
Hatcher, Dan, of Southampton, 20; adopts the composite method of construction in several vessels, 78; 83, 101; builder of the 'Freda,' 332, 333
Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand, 219
Havana, 38
Havre, 402
Healey, C. E. Chadwick, 47
'Heathen Chinee,' yawl, 236
Henderson, Messrs., of Partick, 334
Henn, Lieutenant, R.N., races his 'Galatea' against the 'Puritan' for the America Cup in 1886, 22
Herbert, Captain John, his success with the 'Wildfire' (59 tons), 111; and the 'Pantomime' (140 tons), 135
Herm, 402
Herreshoff, Mr., on rating rules, 177, 178, 186
Herreshoff, Messrs. (of Rhode Island), design and build their 'Vigilant' (centreboard) and 'Colonia' (keel boat), 106
Herreshoff, N. G., designer of the 'Navahoe' and 'Vigilant,' 22, 82; his 'Gloriana' and 'Wasp,' keel boats, 106; 255, 256; 'Wee Winn,' and the 'Wenonah,' 360; takes his model for small yachts from the canoe, 361
Hewitt, Major Percy, 146
Hewitt, Robert, designer of the 'Buttercup' (1880), 59
Heygate, Mrs. A., 237
'Hilda' (5-tonner), 331
Hilliard, J. B., part owner and designer of the 'Vril,' 334; sails her in her matches with 'Freda,' 344
'Himalaya,' troopship, 75
Hired yachts, 162
Hoare, Sydney, 47
Hoare, Wilson, his 'Avadavat,' 247
Holland, coast of, as a cruising ground, 37, 404; use of leeboards in, 316
Holland-Ackers, Mr., initiates the system of time allowances, 52
Home versus international racing, 12
Hönefos, Falls of, 44
Honolulu to Yokohama, the 'Sunbeam's' performances under sail from, 26
'Hoopoo' (2-1/2-rater), 251
'Hornet,' build and gear of the, 42; cruise in 1879, 43; in 1880, 44; in 1881, 44-47; expense of and precautions concerning crew, 47, 48
Houldsworth, W., his 'Morna' not successful as a racer, 135
Houston, John, of Largs, skipper of the 'Fiona,' 83
Howth, 400
Hughes, Captain J. W., 65, 146; tries the heavy lead fin-keel, 231; 235, 244
Hughes, Fred, 230
Hughes, the Misses, 237
Hull-measurement rating rules, 182, 185
'Humming Bird' (2-1/2-rater), her build, 65; 235, 236, 241, 243, 245, 247, 369
Hunt, Mr., the publisher of 'Hunt's Yachting Magazine,' 89
'Hunt's Magazine,' cited, 51, 54, 56, 76, 338, 342
Hydraulic steering apparatus, 14
'Idono' (1/2-rater), 248
'Iernia' (5-rater), 246
'Illustrated London News,' quoted on the cruise of the 'Hornet' in 1880, 44
'Ina' (10-rater), 230
Inglis, John, of Pointhouse, in favour of outside ballast, 60
Inglis, John, jun., institutes in Pointhouse shipyard Rankine's method of estimating the resistance of ships, 86; 88
Inglis, Mr., designer, builder, and owner of the 'Hilda' and 'Viola' (5-tonners), 331; his 8-ton schooner, 331
Insurance of yachts, 407; ordinary form for a marine policy, 407; clauses under a yachting policy, 407-411; Board of Trade certificates, 408; average clause, 408; twenty-pound clause, 408, 409; No. 1 clause, 407, 409; No. 2 clause, 408, 410; Nos. 3 and 4 clauses, 408, 410; collision clause (No. 5), 410; prevention clauses (Nos. 7 and 8), 410; racing clause, 410, 411; laying-up policies, 411; premiums, 411; insuring for full amount, 411; mutual co-operation, 412
International race for the America Cup (1886), 22
International versus home racing, 12
'Intrigue' (72 tons), 113
'Iolanthe' (75 tons), 113
Ireland, 42; North coast of, as a cruising ground, 402; South coast, 400, 401; West coast, 400, 402
'Irex' (centreboard), Mr. Jameson's, 105, 141
Iron, introduced into the construction of ships, 77
Ise Fiord, 309
Island Sailing Club, 229, 237
Isle of Man, 401
Isle of Wight, as a cruising ground, 38, 47
Italy, coast of, as a cruising ground, 38
Itchen ferrymen, 224; punts, 224
Iveagh, Lord, 142
'Iverna,' 65
Jamaica, 38
James I., condition of the fleet in his time, 13
Jameson, John, result of his trial of the 'Irex' as a centreboard, 105; 141
'Janetta' (2-1/2-rater), 244, 246, 247
Japan, coasts of, yachting round, 38
'Jeanie' (1/2-rater), 246, 248, 250
'Jenny Wren' (5-tonner), 230; matches with 'Doris,' 354, 355
Jersey, 402
Johnson, Dr., quoted, on the sea, 2
'Jubilee,' American yacht, her dimensions, 69; 179
'Julia,' 120
'Jullanar' (120 tons), E. H. Bentall's yawl, 83; principles on which laid down, 88; measurements, 89; diagram, 91; 95
'Katherine' (5-rater), 246
Keels, sliding, Admiralty adoption of, in 1790, 104; the 'Lady Nelson' and 'Cynthia,' 104; Commodore Taylor's yacht, 104; recent American keel-boats, 106; General Paine's 'up to date' racer, 106; Luken's pamphlet on, 107; iron, to a yacht's cutter, 200
Kemp, Dixon, on the length of yachts, 59; proposes a new rule regarding tonnage, 65; secretary to the Y.R.A., 146; on the rules of racing, 150; on rating rules, 176, 178, 179; 227, 231, 242; his 'Yacht and Boat Sailing,' 346
'Kestrel' (202 tons), 108
Ketches (50-ton), 300
Kiel, 309
Kingstown, small yacht racing at, 326, 327, 401
Kirkcaldy, 54
Kit, the, for yachting, 392
'Kittiwake' (1/2-rater), 248, 250
Klein, Mr., owner of 'Dawn,' 47
Knight, E. F., on fitting out a 50-tonner to go foreign, 295 _et seq._; on Baltic cruising, 308 _et seq._
Knives, sailors', 218
'Kriemhilda,' cutter, 83, 98, 134
Kyak, the Greenlander's, 361
'Lady Nan' (2-1/2-rater), 180, 231, 235, 236
'Lady Nelson' (H.M. brig, 1797), the first ship to discover Tasmania to be an island, 102; her three sliding keels, 104
'Ladybird' (1/2-rater), 248
Laird, Mr., of Birkenhead, constructor of the compound engines of the 'Sunbeam,' 25
'Lais' (40-rater), her dimensions, 66-68, 71
Lamb & White, their wooden air-tight compartments, 206
Lampson, G. E., specialities of his 'Miranda' (139 tons), 140
Lampson, Sir George, Bart., 146
'Lancashire Witch,' 24
'Land and Water' on rating rules, 175; 230, 245
Lane, Stuart, 141
Langrishe, Mr., 245, 253; first owner of 'Dacia' (5-tonner), 373
Lapthorn, Messrs., sailmakers, 77
Larne, 402
'Latona,' yawl, 134, 140
Lawrence, John, part owner and designer of the 'Vril,' 334
Lawson, Mr., part owner of the 'Camellia' (5-tonner), 335
Laying-up policies, 411
Leach, Sir George, K.C.B., on schooner racing, 108 _et seq._, 146
Lead ballast, introduction of, 53
Leeboards, 316-319
Length and sail-area, rating by, 356
Length and sail-area rule, 168
'Leopard' (1807), lines of the, 72
Lepper, Mr., of Belfast, his 5-rater 'Archee,' 356
Lessop, Mr., 134
'Lethe' (163-ton yawl), midship section, 78, 79; fittings of main cabin, 82
'Letters from High Latitudes,' quoted, 24
Liddell, E., 141
Lifeboats, 198
Lights, yachts', when racing at night, 164
Liim, the, 309
'Lil' (afterwards 'Nety'), 232
'Lillah' (20 tons), 20
'Lily' (2-1/2-rater), 54
Lisbon, 45, 46
Little Belt, the, 309
'Little Nell' (10-rater), 230
Liverpool, 325
'Livonia' (240 tons), schooner, 20, 111; brought out by Mr. Ashbury, 126; beaten in the Thames by the 'Egeria,' 126; her race against the 'Aline' for the Prince of Wales's Cup in 1871, 126; loses the first two matches of the race for the America Cup in 1871, 129; wins the third, 131; loses the fourth, 132; and the fifth, 132; in the race for the Prince of Wales's Cup in 1872, 132
'Lizzie' (20 tons), 78
Lloyd's and Insurance, 407, 412
Loch Hourn, 9
Loch Scavaig, Skye, phenomenal squalls in, 215, 216
'Lollypop' (5-rater), 233, 234, 235; (10-rater), 230, 231, 232
Londonderry, 402
Long Island Sound, sea disturbance at, 366; 370; as a cruising ground, 399
Looe, 403
'Lorelei' (5-tonner), dimensions of, 344; fittings, 345; 385
Lorna (90 tons), 20, 141
Lough Strangford, 401
'Louisa,' 52
'Luath' (5-tonner), 353
Lubat, Mr., 137
Luken, Lionel (coach-builder), his pamphlet on insubmergible boats, 107
'Lulworth' (80 tons), 52, 73, 113
Lymington, Hants, 403
McCheane, Mr., hon. sec. Royal Portsmouth Corinthian Yacht Club, 225
Macgregor, Colonel, 144
McNish, Mr., 242, 243
'Madcap' (2-1/2-rater), 228, 231, 233, 236
'Madcap' (70 tons), 113, 180
'Magic' (93 tons), wins the America Cup in 1870, 125
'Mahatma' (1-rater), 251
'Malissa' (10-tonner), 354
'Man overboard' rule, 158
Manning, A., 146, 231
'Margaret' (265 tons), 252
Marine insurance policy forms, 407, 412
Markham, Lieut.-Col., 113
Marsden, D. W., late hon. sec. of London Corps Royal Naval Artillery Volunteers, 41 _note_
Martin anchor, 383
Matches, private, 151; club and open, 152
Measurements, rules concerning, 164-166
Measurers, official, duties of, 164-166
'Mechanic's Magazine,' cited, 85
Medicines, 395
Mediterranean, the, as a cruising ground, 38; phenomenal squalls in, 215, 400
'Menai,' first vessel in which hollow lines were adopted, 73, 74
'Merkara,' diagram of the resistance curves of the model of the, 87
'Merle' (10-tonner), fitted with a 'dog-legged' sternpost, 57
'Merrythought' (1-1/4-rater), 228
'Meteor' (164 tons), her victory for the Queen's Cup at Cowes, 11; 20, 24; fittings, 82; diagram of profile of lines, 94
'Meteorological Notes,' Scott's, 405
Meuse, the, as a cruising ground, 37
'Minerva' (23 tons), Fife of Fairlie's, 106, 180, 367, 368
Minima Sailing Club, 229, 237; objects of, 238
'Minnow' (2-1/2-rater), 228, 231, 232, 236
'Miranda' (139 tons), specialities in her build, 140
'Mliss' (2-1/2-rater), 241, 244, 247
'Modwena' (223 tons), 136
'Mohawk' (40-rater), dimensions, 66-68; 93
'Moina' (85-rater), 141
'Molly' (2-1/2-rater) 251
Montagu, Captain, 232
Morley, S. Hope, 141
'Morna' (257 tons), 135, 136
Morocco, coast of, 42
'Mosquito' (50 tons), system of construction, 73-75; built of iron, 76-78; 248, 249, 330
Mousing, 389
Mulholland, Hon. H. L., M.P., 255
Mulholland, John, M.P. (afterwards Lord Dunleath), 112, 117, 137
'Muriel' (60 tons), 20, 78, 101
Mutual Yacht Insurance Company, attempts to launch, 412, 413
'Mystère' (118 tons), 117, 118
Nab Lightship, the, 110, 113, 117-119, 121-124, 127, 133, 136, 141, 143, 144
'Nadador' ('Lady Nan'), 2-1/2-rater, 233, 237
'Naiad' (10-tonner), 327
'Nansheen' (1-rater), 251
Napier, Colin, owner of the 'Wyvern,' 326
Napoleon III., his encouragement of yachting, 117
'Narna' (1/2-rater), 246, 248, 250
Nassau to Bermuda, from, the 'Sunbeam' in a gale, 34
'Natica' (5-rater), 54, 254, 373
'Navahoe' (156.7 Y.R.A. rating), American yacht, beats the 'Britannia' over the cross-Channel course, 11; worsted in English waters, 12; rate of speed, 15; 22, 23; spinnakers, 30; dimensions, 69; 78; 301 _note_
Negro crews, 298
'Nety' (9-rater), 232
New Jersey, coast of, 102
'New Moon' (209 tons), lugger, 113
New Thames Yacht Club, rule adopted by, in 1874, for measurement, 56
New York Bay, 102, 124, 125, 128
New York Yacht Club, 111, 125; alter the conditions for the America Cup, 128, 129; rating rules, 172
New Zealand, racing and cruising on the coast of, 399, 400
Newton-Robinson, Mr., 230
Nicholls, Jack, skipper of the 'Alarm,' 111
Nicholson & Sons, of Gosport, 101, 372
Nicholson, Charles, 96, 248, 256
Nicholson, J. H., designer of the 'Dacia' (5-rater) and of the 'Gareth' (2-1/2-rater), 372
Nicholson, Mr., jun., 253, 255
'Nora' (5-tonner), dimensions of, 346
'Norman' (40 tons), 20, 78, 83, 101, 122
North Pacific, 26
North Sea, the, 309; sea disturbance in, 365
Norway, coast of, as a cruising ground, 37, 44, 404
'Nyanza,' 78
Ocean cruising, precautions requisite for, 295 _et seq._
Officers, race. _See_ Race officers
Oglander, Sir Henry, owner of the 'Firefly,' 24
'Oimara' (165 tons), 78; in the race round the Isle of Wight in 1868, 116; and the race from the Nore to Dover in 1870, 120
Old tonnage rating rule, 182
'Olga' (5 tonner), dimensions, 61-63; career of, 352, 353
'Oona' (5-tonner), dimensions of, 61-63, 353; melancholy end of, 354
'Oread,' 180
Osgood, Mr., success of his centreboard schooner 'Columbia' against the 'Livonia' for the America Cup, 129-131
'Otokesan' (1/2-rater), 248
Outfit for a yacht, 392; clothes bags, 392; the kit, 392; groceries, &c., 393; yacht necessaries, 394, 395
Owners of yachts, duties of, in races, 159; disqualification for breach of racing rules, 159; protests, 162
Pacific, the, yachting in, 38
Paine, General, his 'up to date' centreboard, 106
Paint for yachts, 377, 378; Berthon's, 399
'Palatine' (steam yacht), 9
'Palmer,' American centreboard schooner, 129, 131
'Pantomime' (151 tons), 112-116, 135, 136
'Papoose' (2-1/2-rater), 251
'Paradise,' ancient and modern notions of, 1, 2
Paraffin stoves, 307
Parsons, Mr., 239
Passengers in sailing boats, 218
'Pastime' (10-tonner), 327
Payne, A. E., builds the 'Humming Bird,' 65; the 'Vendetta,' 66; circular to Y.R.A., 96; 'Tootsie,' 228; tries the heavy lead fin-keel in 'Lady Nan,' 231; designs 'Decima,' 232; effort in 1889 to lower his colours, 235; his boats again head the list, 243; 'Mliss,' 244; two new five-raters, 245; 'Fiera,' 247; 'Avadavat,' 247; half-raters, 248; 'Cyane,' 254, 372; 'Alwida,' 372
Payton, W. E., his designs for the 'Trident' (1879), 'Olga' (1883), and 'Oona' (1886), 61-64; owner of the 'Oona,' 353; designer of the 'Luath,' 353; perishes in the 'Oona,' 354; his 3-tonner 'Currytush,' 354
Pearce, Sir G., 247
'Pearl' (5-tonner), 330; dimensions, 331
Peel, Isle of Man, 401
'Peg Woffington,' G. L. Watson's little cutter, characteristics of, 57
Pembroke and Montgomery, Earl of, on yacht's sailing boats, 187 _et seq._
Penang to Galle, from, time occupied by 'Sunbeam,' 26
Pender, Henry Denison, R.N.V., 44
Peninsular and Oriental Company build the 'Himalaya,' 75
Perceval, P., his 'Glycera' (5-rater), 242; 255
Percy, Lord, centreboard boat built for him at Boston, U.S., in 1774, 103
'Pet' (5-tonner), 328
'Phantom' (176 tons), 139
'Pilgrim' (American yacht), her dimensions, 69, 179
Platinum as ballast, 80
Pleasure fleet of England, progress of the, 12
'Pleiad,' 116, 119-122
Plunket, Mr., of Belfast, 353
Plymouth, 8; sea disturbance at, 365; 366, 403
Policies, insurance, laying up, 411
Polperro, 403
'Polynia' (2-1/2-rater), 251
Popham, F. L., 141
Port Darwin to the Cape, from, time occupied by 'Sunbeam' under sail and steam, 27
Port Patrick, 365
Port Phillip, 400
Port Rush, 402
Portland Bill, 403
Portsmouth to Brindisi, from, time occupied by 'Sunbeam' to, 27; to Naples, 'Sunbeam's' performance under sail, 27
Portsmouth, conference of Solent clubs at, in 1887, 228, 403
Portsmouth Harbour, 377
Portugal, coast of, 42
Post entries, 160
Potash, caustic, for removing varnish, 379
Powell, W. Baden. _See_ Baden-Powell
Power, Mr., owner of the 'Olga' (5-tonner), 352
Premiums in insurance, 411
Prevention clauses, insurance, 410, 411
Priddy's Hard, 377
Prince of Wales's Cup, race for, in 1871, 126; in 1872, 132; in 1873, 135; becomes the absolute property of Mr. J. Mulholland, in 1874, 137
Pritchett, R. T., staff officer of the 'Hornet,' 43; on sliding keels and centreboards, 102 _et seq._
Private matches, 151
'Problem,' built at Kirkcaldy in the early fifties, plan of, 54
Programmes, race, 153, 154
Protection clauses, insurance, 411
Protests, 158, 159, 162
'Punch,' quoted, 128
'Pup' (1-rater), 251
Pure length rating rule, 182
'Puritan' (American sloop), in the International Race for the America Cup, 22
'Queen' (15-tonner), 345
Queen's Cup, Cowes, 11, 113
'Queen Mab' (centreboard cutter), 65; dimensions, 66-68; 105; 'Queen of the 40-raters' for 1892, 105, 106; 175; (2-1/2-rater), 233, 237, 245, 354
Queenstown, 43, 44; sea disturbance at, 366, 401
Queenstown Model Yacht Club, 57
'Quinque' (5-rater), 180, 241, 242, 246, 255
'Quiraing,' plan of her immersed counter, 58
Race Officers, Duties of, 156-159
Racing, advice upon, 395; the jibsheet, 395; the spinnaker, 396; weight aft, 397; insurance clauses, 410, 411
Racing rules, summary of, in King & Co.'s Almanac for the Solent Racing, 151. _See_ Y.R.A.
Racing yachts, evolution of the modern, 50 _et seq._
Ramsey, Isle of Man, 401
Rankine, Maquorn, his papers on surface friction, 85
Rathlin Island Sound, 402
Rating-cheaters, 359
Rating rules and proposals, tables of, 183, 184. _See_ Y.R.A.
Rating supersedes tonnage rule, 93
Ratsey, Charles, advocates cotton sails, 77
Ratsey, Linn, yacht-builder, 72
Ratsey, Michael, 20, 72, 83, 101, 113, 115; builds the 'Livonia' schooner, 126; the 'Corisande,' 134; the 'Cetonia,' 136, 141
Ratsey, Mr., 232
'Raven' (10-rater), 230
'Rayonette' (8-tonner), 332
Reaching courses, 359
'Red Lancer' (5-rater), 371, 373
Reid, James, of Port Glasgow, devises the 'dog-legged' sternpost, 57; designs the 'Florence,' 60
'Resolution,' H.M.S., accident to, 14
'Reverie' (43 tons), 113
Richardson, Alexander, of Liverpool, 98, 101
Richardson, John, his 'Evadne' (206 tons), 112; and 'Corisande' (140 tons), 134
Richardson, Mr., on rating rules, 173, 181
Richardson, Mr., designer of the 'Urchin' (5-tonner), 345
Ridsdale, H. W., 96, 238, 248
Robertson, Mr., of Ipswich, builder of the 'Alouette' (5-tonner), 332
Robertson, Mr., of Sandbank, Holy Loch, 335
Rogers's movable anchor stock, 384
'Rogue' (1-rater), 251
Romans, the, as lovers of the sea, 39
'Rose' (5-rater), 230
'Rose of Devon,' in the race from the Nore to Dover, of 1870, 120
Roskilde, from the fiord, 313
Rothesay, wind-force at, 174
Rouen, 402
Rowley, Mr., 134
Royal Albert Yacht Club, 225, 229, 247
Royal Clyde Yacht Club, 413
Royal Danish Yacht Club, 44
Royal Irish Yacht Club Regatta, 352
Royal London Yacht Club, rule arranged for measurement in 1854, 56; 138, 225, 226, 229, 247
Royal Navy, condition of the, 12, 13
Royal Naval Artillery Volunteers of London, Liverpool, Bristol, and Glasgow, 42 _note_
Royal Portsmouth Corinthian Yacht Club, 224, 229, 250
Royal Southampton Yacht Club, 224; its excellence, 226; 229, 250
Royal Southern Yacht Club, 223, 225, 229
Royal Thames Yacht Club, rule adopted by, for measurement in 1854, 56; possessors of Commodore Taylor's pennants and ensigns, 105; open the 1866 season, 113; the Channel match of 1870, 119; 361
Royal Victoria Yacht Club, 223, 225, 229, 247
Royal Yacht Squadron, one of its original objects to encourage seamanship, 4; arrange a race without time allowances round the Isle of Wight, 110; the races arranged for the Jubilee year, 140; dates from early in the century, 223; 229, 247
'Royalist,' 21
Rudston Read, Mrs., 236, 244
Russell, Scott, his system of construction, 73, 74; on speed, 87
Rutland, Duke of, 117
Ryde, 115, 122, 133, 225, 403
Ryde to Havre, from, 312
Sail-area, 160; rating rule, 181
Sailing boats, a yacht's, pleasures and advantages of, 187; two typical sails, 189-196; best build, 196; stability, 197; the lifeboat question, 198; copper and wooden air-tight compartments, 198; shape of stern, 199; counter and side, 199; centreboard, 199-201; wooden false keel, 200; sloop rig, 201-205; yawl rig, 204; tiller, 205; ballast, 205; Earl of Pembroke's 'Black Pearl's' cutter, 200, 203, 206, 208; description of Colonel Gamble's 'Aline' lifeboat, 206-208; handling and management, 210; professional assistance, 210; handling single-handed, 211; in rough weather, 212; reefing, 212; balance reefs, 213; in a beam sea, 213; running before a strong wind and a dangerous sea, 214; steering, 214; in wind squalls under the lee of the land, 215; things worth remembering in handling, 217-219; mooring, 219; never 'moon,' 219
Sail-carrying power defined, 363
Sailing committees, duties of, 152; making of programmes, 153, 154; form of race advertisements, 153; Solent class regulations, 154; the race card, 154; dealing with protests, 158
Sailing masters, duties of, 162-164
Sailing rules. _See_ Y.R.A.
Sailing yachts with auxiliary steam power, 24
Sails, character of British-made, previous to 1851, 74
St. Clare Byrne, Mr., M.I.N.A., his 'Valiant,' 21; designer of the 'Sunbeam,' 24
'St. George' (871 tons), 21
St. George's Channel, character of the sea in, 365, 366
St. Ives harbour, 370
St. Malo, 8
Salcomb, 403
Salt meat for foreign cruises, 305
Sandy Hook, wind-force at, 174
'Sappho' (American schooner), 116, 120, 121; her races against the 'Cambria,' 123; 129, 131; beats the 'Livonia' in the fourth match of the race for the America Cup in 1871, 131, 134
Sark, 402
'Satanita' (161.58-rating, Y.R.A.), 23; dimensions, 69; 179
'Savourna' (5-rater), 245, 246, 255
Schanks, Captain, designer of the 'Trial' revenue cutter, 104, 107
Schenley, George, 244
Schenley, Mrs., 235, 237, 242
Schooner racing, reasons for the decadence of, 108, 109; large tonnage of yachts in early times, 109
Schooners, inability to compete with cutters, 109; new method of rigging, in 1855, 111
Scilly Isles, 8
Scotland to Plymouth, from, voyage of 'Cyprus,' 349-351
Scotland, West Coast of, 8, 9; as a cruising ground, 37, 400
Scott's 'Meteorological Notes,' 405
Scows, or floating blinds, 103, 105
'Seabelle' (153 tons), 136; her race against the 'Egeria' in 1875, 138
'Seabird' (126 tons), 78
Sea-fishing, 190-193
Seamanship, 37
Secretary, club, duties of, at regattas, 154
Secretary, Y.R.A., checking a sailmaker's measurements, 165
Seine, the, as a cruising ground, 37
'Selene,' 78
Sesmaisons, Count de, 117
Seth-Smith, C. E., C.B., R.N.A.V., on Corinthian deep-sea cruising, 41 _et seq._; captain of the 'Hornet' in 1880 and 1881, 44
Sewanhaka Yacht Club, on the rating rules, 171, 173, 176, 179, 181
Shanklin Bay, 47
Shannon, the, as a cruising ground, 401
'Shark' (204 tons), 117, 121, 137
Shelley, Sir Percy, 111
'Shipbuilding, Theoretical and Practical,' cited, 85
Ship-chandlers, home and foreign, 306
Shuldham, Captain, R.N., pivots sliding keels (1809), 105
Sicily, yachting round, 38
Siemens-Martin steel, 80
'Siesta' (127 tons), 116
Simonosaki to Aden, from, time occupied by 'Sunbeam,' 26
Simons, of Renfrew, 73
Simpson & Dennison, of Dartmouth, builders of 'Doris' (5-tonner), 354
Simpson, Mr., success of his 'Tottie' on the Thames, 231
Skaw, the, 308, 309
Skippers, yacht, 7
Skye, 9, 215, 216
'Sleuthhound' (54-rater), built without fittings, 82, 141
Sliding keels and centreboards, 102-107
Slie, the, 309
Sloyne, the, 325, 327, 401
Smith, Colonel F. J., R.E., his merit-formula, 230
Smith's anchor, 382, 383
Solent, the, as a cruising ground, 38; crack cutters of forty-five years ago, 52; wind-force on, 174; small yacht racing on the, 222 _et seq._; attractive features, 222; advantages for yachting, 223; 'length classes' introduced, 173, 224; their collapse, 227; classes, 227; (10-raters), in 1889, 233; 237, 359; sea disturbance in, 366; racing in, 374
Solent Yacht Club, 229
Sooji Mooji, for removing varnish, 379
Soper, J. M., 96; designer of the 'Black Pearl's' cutter, 206, 248
'Sorella,' 224
Sound of Raasay, phenomenal squalls in, 216
South Atlantic, 26, 295, 300, 304
South Pacific, 26
Southampton, conference of Solent clubs at, in 1887, 228, 402
Southampton Water, 222, 224
Southsea, 225
Spain, coast of, as a cruising ground, 38, 42
Sparks, Mr., 252
Spartel Bay, 45
Spezia, 38
'Sphinx,' 114
Spirit stoves, 307
Spithead, sea disturbance at, 366
'Spray of the Ocean' (cutter), 20
'Spruce' (1/2-rater), 246, 250
'Squirrel,' Sir G. Pearce's, 247
Starkey, F., 135
Start, the, at races, 157, 158
Steam launches, as adjuncts to sailing yachts, 8; 188, 198
Steam versus sail yachting, 3-5, 223
Steam yachts, cost of building and manning, 23
Steamship hands, 4
Steele, Messrs., build the 'Wave' with a metal keel, 53; 77
Steele, William, designs the 'Nyanza,' 'Oimara,' 'Garrion,' and 'Selene,' 77
Stephens, Mr., of Southampton, 235
Sternpost, the raking, introduced, 54; 'dog-legged,' 57
Stevens, Commodore, his 'Black Maria,' 106
Stewart, Mr., 249
Stone, Mr., designer of the 'Squirrel,' 247
Storey, Mr., designer of the 'St. George,' 24
'Stork' (2-1/2-rater), 251
Storms, law of, 35
Stoves for cooking, 307
Stowe, Mr., of Shoreham, builder of the 'Diamond' (5-tonner), 331
Straits of Gibraltar, 38
Studding-sails, duck, 30
Suez Canal, the, closes the era of China clipper ships, 77
Sullivan, Sir Edward, Bart., on yachting, 1 _et seq._
Summers, Mr., 245
Summers & Payne, 245
'Sunbeam,' 20; date of launch, 24; designer, 24; details of construction, 24; dimensions of spars, 25; performances at sea, 26; best run under steam, 26; most successful continuous performance, 26; best runs under sail, 26; average speeds of longer passages, 26; boilers, 27; cruises in the Mediterranean, 27; table of distances, times, and winds, 28; in a storm off Flamborough Head, 31-33; in a long gale from Nassau to Bermuda, 34; in a dirty night between Honolulu and Japan, 35
Sutton, Sir Richard, 115, 141
Svendborg, 44, 309
Swanage, 132, 403
Sweden as a cruising ground, 404
Sydney Harbour, 400
Tamar River, 403
Tangier, 45
Tanks, water, 305
'Tar Baby' (5-rater), 234
Tasmania, discovered to be an island, 102 _note_, 104
Tatchell, E. R., 146
Taylor, Commodore, of the Cumberland Sailing Society, his yacht 'Cumberland' with five sliding keels, 104
Taylor, Harry, 136
Taylor, Richard, 104, 105
Taylor, Robert, 105
Teignmouth, cargo boats fitted with sliding keels at, 104
Tennyson, Lord, his cruise in the 'Sunbeam,' 19
'Thalassa,' on racing rules and the rules of rating, 146 _et seq._; on small yacht racing in the Solent, 222 _et seq._
'Thalassa' (2-1/2-rater), 228, 231, 233, 234, 236, 241
'Thalia' (57 tons), her dimensions, 66-68
Thames, for many years the centre of yachting, 223
Thames Iron Works Shipbuilding Company, build the 'Mosquito' (1848), 75
'Thames Rule' of 1854, the recognised method of measuring yachts, 56; minor influences, 57; 182, 323
Thellusson, Charles, 111, 115, 117, 139
'Thief,' 65, 233, 234, 237, 245
'Thistle' (of 1887), sketch of her cutwater, 60; her advantages of beam, 65; built without fittings, 82; her displacement, 93; competes for the America Cup, 111
'Thistle' (of 1889), disadvantage of the sacrifice of surface in the, 88, 89
Thomas & Nicholson, Messrs., of Southampton and Gosport, characteristics of their anchor, 383, 384
Thompson, G. B., on the rating rules, 168; owner of the 'Olga' (5-tonner), 353
'Tiara' (of 1850), system of construction, 73, 74
Tilley, of Southampton, 301 _note_
Time allowance, 15; rules concerning, 169-174
Timing yachts at races, 158
Tinned meats, 305, 306
'Tiny' (1/2-rater), 246, 248, 250
'Titania' (184 tons), the Marquis of Ailsa's, 47, 113
'Titu' (2-1/2-rater), 232
Tomlinson, W. A., his 6-ton yacht 'Wyvern,' 325
Tonnage-cheaters, 344, 345
Tonnage rule, all-absorbing question of, in modern yachting, 50; changed to that of rating, 93
'Tootsie' (afterwards 'Minnow'), Mr. Payne's, 228
Torbay, 403
'Torment' (5-tonner), 330, 331
'Torpedo,' Mr. Stewart's, 249
'Torpid,' 77
Torquay, 140, 403
Torquay Regatta, 373
'Tottie' (2-1/2-rater), 231
'Trial' (Admiralty revenue cutter), 104; sheer draught of, 107
'Trident' (5-tonner), tables and diagrams showing length and displacement, 61-63; a handy boat, 352
Trinidad, 38
Trotman's anchor, 382
'Troublesome' (2-1/2-rater), 241, 244
Turner, William, 136
Turning-point of maximum efficiency, or best length, 174
Twenty-pound clause, Insurance, 408, 409
'Ulerin' (10-tonner), 354
'Undine' (2-1/2-rater), 247
Union des Yachts Français, its new rating rule, 179, 180
'Valentine' (5-rater), 180, 241, 242, 245
'Valhalla' (1,400 tons), 21
'Valiant' (2,350 tons), 21
'Valkyrie,' Lord Dunraven's, victorious career of, 11; her defeat in American waters, 11, 12; 22; development of beam in, 23; spinnakers, 30; dimensions, 69; minus fittings when racing for the America Cup, 82; profile, 82; the question of superiority of centreboard, 107; unduly handicapped by American conditions, 111; sail-area, 172 _note_
Valparaiso to Yokohama, from, time occupied by 'Sunbeam,' 26
Vanderbilt, Mr., his 'Valiant,' 21
'Vanderdecken's' tonnage-cheater, 55; design, 56
'Vanduara' (90 tons), first design for, 59; G. L. Watson's belief in carrying it out, 87
Varnishing, 378, 379
'Varuna' (40-rater), diagram of profile, 55; dimensions, 66-68
Veile, 309
'Vendetta' (40-rater), dimensions, 66-68; beam, 71
'Verena' (7-rater), 230
'Verve' (10-tonner), 81
'Victoria' (H.M.S.), loss of, 14
'Vigilant,' American yacht, defeats the 'Valkyrie' of Lord Dunraven, 11, 22; dimensions, 69, 71; minus fittings when racing for the America Cup, 82; profile, 82; a wholesome type of vessel, 101; her designers, 106; sail area, 172 _note_
'Viking' (140 tons), 113, 141
'Viola' (5-tonner), 331
'Virago' (6-tonner), 332
Virgil, quoted, on the sea, 39
'Volante,' loses her bowsprit by collision while racing against the 'America,' 110
'Vol-au-Vent,' cutter, of 1875, 83
'Volunteer,' American yacht, compared with the 'Thistle' of 1889, 88; 180
'Vril' (5-tonner), dimensions, 61-63, 334; designed by G. L. Watson, 333; turned into a fast cruiser, 334; matches with 'Freda,' 337-341
Wages, racing, of a yacht's crew, 10
Wales, H.R.H. Prince of, accidents to his yacht 'Britannia' in 1893, 10; victorious career of his vessel, 11; H.R.H. a familiar sight in yacht-racing, 12, 22, 82; offers a cup for 100-tonners in 1870, 121; 141
Waller, Mr., 231
'Wanderer' (850 tons), steam yacht, method of construction, 78
Wanhill, Mr., of Poole, introduces the raking sternpost, 54; builds the 'Egeria,' 112
Warsash village, 238
'Wasp' (American keel boat), 106
Water ballast, 206; for foreign cruisers, 305
Waterman, Tom, designer of the 'Mosquito' (50 tons), 75; and of the troopship 'Himalaya,' 75
'Waterwitch' (160 tons), 140
Watson, G. L., designer of the 'Britannia' and 'Valkyrie,' 22; on the evolution of the modern racing yacht, 50 _et seq._; elements of his 5-tonners 'Vril' and 'Doris,' 61-64; and of his 40-raters 'Deerhound,' 'Creole,' 'Varuna,' and 'Queen Mab,' 66, 82, 96; builds 'Dora' and 'Queen Mab' with centreboard, 105; on rating rules, 171, 176, 177; his 'Tottie' (2-1/2-rater), 231; his 2-1/2-raters, 235; 5-raters, 242, 245, 323, 346, 372; part owner and designer of the 'Vril,' 333; designer of the 'Doris,' 354; his spoon-shaped bow, 358; designer of the 'Natica' (5-rater), 373
Watson, S. C., owner of the 'Lethe' (163 tons), 79
Watson, Sidney, owner of the 'Chipmunk' (2-1/2-rater), 231
Watson, Mrs. Sidney, 237
Watson, T. L., F.R.I.B.A., 82
'Wave,' John Cross Buchanan's, fitted with a metal keel, 53
Webb, Beavor, owner of the 'Freda' (5-tonner), 337; sails her in her matches with 'Camellia' and 'Vril,' 344
'Wee Winn,' rig of, 357; bulb keel, 360
Weguelin, Charles, designer of the 'Alouette' (5-tonner), 332
Weisbach's experiments on the flow of water through pipes, 85
Weld, Joseph, 22, 71, 73, 111, 113
'Wenonah,' rig of, 357; bulb keel, 360
West Indian negro crews, 298, 307
West Indies as a cruising ground, 38; ports of the, 298, 306
West, T. B. C., 235, 237
Weymouth, 403
Weymouth, Mr., designer of the 'Phantom' (176 tons), 139
Whales, 189
'Whimbrel,' 224
White, Mr., boatbuilder, of Cowes, 113, 198, 201
'Wildfire' (59 tons), her rigging, 111
Wilkinson, Arthur, owner of the 'Phantom' (176 tons), 139
Willan, Major Frank (Y.R.A.), 146
Williams, General Owen, owner of the 'Enchantress' 141
Wilton, Earl of, his steam yacht 'Palatine,' 9
'Windfall' (5-rater), 245, 246, 251, 254, 255
Wire rope, 76, 80
'Witchcraft' (240 tons), 113, 116
Wivenhoe, 136, 140, 453
Wolff, Mr., hon. sec. Royal Southampton Yacht Club, 225
'Wonderful' (10-tonner), 331
Wood, Nicholas, owner of the 'Corinne' (162 tons), 136
Woodd, A. B., R.N.A.V., 44
Woods, John, skipper of the 'Egeria,' 119
Wythes, Mr., owner of the 'St. George,' 24
'Wyvern' (6-tonner), her voyage from Kingstown to Liverpool, 326, 327; build and dimensions, 328, 329
'Xantha' (135 tons), yawl, 113; wins the R.T.Y.C. race from the Nore to Dover in 1866, 114
'Yacht and Boat Sailing,' Dixon Kemp's, on the rules of racing, 150, 335, 346
'Yacht Architecture,' Dixon Kemp's, quoted, 172; on racing rules, 176; on rating rules, 179, 231
Yacht-building, American pre-eminence in, 11
Yacht club, object and duties of a, 152
Yacht, internal economy of a, 8; minstrelsy, 7; sailors, 6; and their wages, 10; necessaries, list of, 394
Yacht Racing Association, the, procrastination of, 58; their new rule regarding tonnage, 65; their circular to yacht-builders and designers in 1892, 95; 99, 109; the object of its foundation, 146; secretary and councillors, 146; qualifications of membership, 146; election of councillors, 147; measurement fees and subscriptions, 147, 148; alterations in rules, 149; rules for the guidance of the council, 149; racing rules, 150; duties of a designer, 151; private matches, 151; club and open matches, 152; duties of a yacht club, 152; duties of a sailing committee, 152; duties of a club secretary, 154; duties of race officers, 156; duties of owners, 159; duties of a sailing master, 162; duties of an official measurer, 164; rating rules, 167; length and sail-area rule, 168; the time allowance, 169; turning point of maximum efficiency, 174; the new French rule, 179; sail-area rule, 181; the pure length rule, 182; tables of rating rules and proposals, 183, 184; girth rating rule, 185; 224, 225, 227, 229, 238; rule for 5-tonners and under, 323; for 5-raters, 355; rating by length and sail-area, 356, 357, 363
Yacht racing, expense of, 10
Yacht racing, small, development of, 223; profitable to clubs, 223
Yachting, compared economically with Continental travelling, 11; began with this century, 51; reasons for its pre-eminence as a manly sport, 322; clauses concerning insurance, 407-411
Yachts, little individuality of form previous to 1820, 71; equipment subsequent to that date, 76; variety of type under present length and sail-area rule, 50; advantages of racing in small, 223
'Yachtsman,' cited, 51; on the rules of racing, 150; on girth, 181; 255 _note_
Yachtsmen, qualities of, 322
Yalme, the, 403
Yarborough, Earl of, 108
Yarmouth, Isle of Wight, 403
Yawls, 300
Yolla metal, 80
York, Mr., secretary of the Royal Clyde Yacht Club, 413
'Yvonne' (10-rater), 233
'Zarita' (115 tons), 20
'Zephyr' (9-tonner), 332
Zuider Zee, cruising in the, 309, 316
END OF THE FIRST VOLUME
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