Part 23
Chien-Lung, Emperor, 65, 100, 101, 335
Chien Mên, gate in Peking, 222
Chien Shêng, class of graduates, 365
Chih Hsien, magistrates of small towns, 364
Chihfu town, 45
Chihli, province in which is Peking, 362, Pref. li.
Chi-ling, or Kylin, 157
Chin Shih, degree, 372
Chinese characteristics, etc.— Anti-foreign feeling, 29, 39, 238, Pref. vi.–viii. xi. xiv. xli. Clothing, 185, 190 Country folk, civility of, 96, 129, 294, 304, 345; exception, 138 Dirt of, 34, 95 Domestic life, unknown to foreigners, 229 Ignorance of European life and customs, 124 Inquisitiveness, 96, 123, 258, 295 Noise, love of, 102, 122, 260, 341 Superstitions, a bar to progress, 167 Sweetmeats, fondness for, 171 Thieves, cleverness of, 9 Traders, ability as, Pref. xxxix.
Chinese Mesopotamian treaty, 174
Ching dynasty (the present), Pref. xxiii.–xxv.
Ching Ta̔i, Emperor, 244
Cholera, 204
Chopsticks, 78, 232
Chou-Hsin, Emperor, 214
Christianity (see under Religion)
Chü Jên, degree, 364–372
Chu-Yung-Kwan, town, 253
Chung, Minister of Foreign Office, 237
Chung Ch’êng, Emperor, Pref. xxv.
Chwang Yuen, Chinese senior wrangler, 373
Civilisation of China, ancient _v._ modern, Pref. ix.–xi.
Clement XI., Pope, important decision of, Pref. xxxiii.
Climate and temperature, 80, 87, 106–108, 163, 179, 184, 200, 209, 217, 239, 282, 308, 310, 315, 342; Hong-kong, 12; rain and snow prayed for, 88, 209, 217, 314
Cloisonné enamel, 126, 244
Clothing, Chinese, 185, 190
Coalfields, 257
Confucius— Enlightened teaching of, Pref. x. xxxii.; worship of, Pref. xxix.–xxxiv.; eulogy of Lao Tsŭ, 374
Conolly, Dick, 344
Cooks, Chinese, ability of, 20, 114
Corea, expedition to, by Mr. Thomas, 206–208
Country folk, civility of, 96, 129, 294, 304, 345; exception, 138
Crealock, Mr., 57
Currency, 311
_Cycle_, the, Shanghai paper, quoted, 366, 369
Davis, Sir John, referred to, 150, Pref. v.
Degrees (see under Education)
Denmark, interests in China, 264
Dirt of Chinese, 34, 95
Diseases and medicine— Chinese doctors and remedies, 93, 107, 116 Cholera, 204 Deafness, 305 Goitres, 305 “Ho ting hung,” poisonous drug, 193 Ophthalmia, 117 Smallpox, 71, 310
Dogs, 23, 82, 96, 164, 246, 275, 281, 285
Domestic life of Chinese, unknown to foreigners, 229
Dominicans, Pref. xxvi. xxx.–xxxiv.
Dragons, myths concerning, 154, 314
Dust storms, 63
Education, early, 361; degrees, 142, 362–373; village school, 303; morality taught, but not practised, 357
Elgin, Lord, 68
Emperors— Chien-Lung, 65, 100, 101, 335 Ching Ta̔i, 244 Chou-Hsin, 214 Chung Ch’êng, Pref. xxv. Dynasties of, Pref. x. xxiii. Hsien Fêng, 73 (note) Ka̔ng-Hsi, 212, 302, 345, Pref. xxv. xxvii. xxxi.–xxxv. Kwang Hsu (reigning), Pref. xlix. lvi. Ming dynasty established, Pref. xvii.; Ming tombs, 156–162, 249 Ming Ti, Pref. xiii. Names given to, 160 Shih, builder of the Great Wall, 148 Shun Chih, Pref. xxv. Tao Kwang, 74 Tung Chi, 73 (note) Wan Li, Pref. xx. Wu Wang, 213 Yung Chêng, Pref. xxxv. Yung-Lo, 159
Empress Tsŭ Hsi (reigning), history of, 73 (note); choice of capital, Pref. xlvii. xlviii. l. lii.
Empress-dowager, honours paid to, in China, 73 (note)
England, commercial interests in China, 263, Pref. li.; Lord Salisbury’s policy, Pref. liv.
Execution, Chinese, described, 190–199
Farquhar, Sir Eric, 311, 340, 344
Feet, women’s, 137
Felt, Chinese method of making, 321
Fêng Ming Hsien, Mongolia, 301
“Fêng Shui,” wind and water system, 167
Fireworks, 171
“Flower-boats,” 19
Fohkien, province, 181
Food, ability of Chinese cooks, 20, 114; daily meals in Hong-kong, 13; feasts given by Hêng-Chi, 77–79, 203; breakfast given to Europeans by a mandarin, 232; restaurant in Peking, 312; in Mongol yurts, 279; difficulty of obtaining in the country, 331; game, 180; sweetmeats, or “po-po,” 171, 203; brick tea in Mongolia, 272; “Rice,” term for meals, 138
France, China question and, 263, Pref. li.
Franciscans, Pref. xxvi. xxx.–xxxiv.
Frater, Mr., 128, 150
Funeral, Chinese, 306
Game, 180
Gardens, private, in Canton, 30
Germany, China question and, 263, Pref. xlvii. l.
God (Christian) controversy concerning Chinese name for, Pref. xxvi. xxix. xxxi.–xxxiv.
Gods and goddesses— Kwan-Ti, god of war, 201, 223, 273 Kwang-Yin, goddess of mercy, 154 Ti Tsang Wang, 346 Tsai-shên, god of commerce, 172 Tsao, god of the hearth, 220 Wên Shên, god of pestilence, 204
Goitres, 141, 305
Gordon, Gen., 84
Government, Chinese— Foreign policy, 85, 118, 169, 174–177, 181, Pref. xlvii.–l.; dread of reform, Pref. xi.; corruption of officials, 360, 370; over-taxation in the country, 153
Government, foreign, past and future policy, Pref. xliv.–lvii.
Great Wall, 137, 148–150, 273, 318
Gros, Baron, 68, 165, 167
Ha Pa Chiao, Mongolia, 289
Hai Tien, village, 331
Hailstones, formation and size, 310
Han Chang-kwei-ti, merchant, Peking, 347
Hart, Sir Robert, 118, 226
“Heavenly Flowers” (smallpox), 310
Hei Lung Tan, temple, 344
Hêng-Chi, Minister of Foreign Affairs, 69, 72, 75–79, 168, 203, 237, 260
Ho Nan, province, Pref. xiii.
“Ho ting hung,” poisonous drug, 193
Hong-kong— Landing at, 1–3; general description, 3–15; life in, 12; mixed population of, 5
Horses, 51, 164, 257, 275, 284, 332; horse brigands, 288; horse-fair, 292
House-steamers between Hong-kong and Canton, 16
Hsi an Fu, intended creation of, as capital, by Empress Tsŭ Hsi, Pref. l. liii.
Hsiang Shui Pu, town, 257
Hsien Fêng, Emperor, 73 (note)
Hsin Pao An, town, 255
Hsin Tsai, 363
Hsü, Minister of Foreign Affairs, 181
Hsü Hsien Shêng, Mr. Mitford’s teacher, 178
Hsüeh, Minister, degradation of, 182
Hsuên Hwa Fu, town, 260
Hsuan Hua Fu, city, 257
Hung Tu̔ng Tien, Mongolia, 297
Hwai Lai Hsien, town, 254
I, Prince of, 360
Inns and lodgings (see under Travelling)
Inquisitiveness of Chinese, 96, 123, 258, 295
Insects, 91, 101, 123, 139, 326
Intemperance, rarity of, in China, 255
Japan, war with China, 357; civilisation of, Pref. viii. x.
Jesuits, history of, in China, Pref. xvii.–xxxvi.
Jews in China, Pref. xii.
Jo Hol, palace in Manchuria, 101
John of Monte Corvino, Pref. xv.
Jugglers, 234
Junks, 18
Kai Fêng, Jewish colony, Pref. xii.
Kambaluk, ancient name for Peking, Pref. xv.
Kang (stove), 133
Ka̔ng-Hsi, Emperor, 212, 302, 345; Pref. xxv. xxvii. xxxi.–xxxv.
Kites, 221
Kou Mên Tzŭ, Mongolia, 295
Kowloon, peninsula, 14
Ku, Mr. Mitford’s teacher, 81, 178
Ku Pei Ko̔u, frontier town, Mongolia, 141–150, 307, 315, 327
Ku-Lin-Shu, village, 129
Kung, Prince of, 67–72, 165, 187, 189, 240
Kwa Ti Erh, Mongolia, 298
Kwa Yo Erh, Mongolia, 304
Kwan-Ti, god of war, 201, 223, 273
Kwang Hsu, Emperor (reigning), Pref. xlix. lvi.
Kwang—Yin, goddess of mercy, 154
Kwei Chao, town, Pref. xlvii.
Kwo Chia Tu̔n, Mongolia, 298
Language— “Pidgin” English, 4; how Mr. Mitford learnt Chinese, 81, 91; difficulties of, incident, 342; accurate knowledge of, necessary to missionaries, Pref. xxxvi.
Lao Tsŭ, founder of Taoist sect, 374
Lao Wo Pu̔, Mongolia, 297
Li, governor of province, 84
Li, herbalist at Ku Pei Ko̔u, 327
Li Hung Chang, Pref. xi. xlix. lvii.
Liang, minister, 213
Liang Kung Fu, British Legation, Peking, 66
Lien Hwa Tan, Mongolia, 318
“Ling Chih,” punishment by slow death, 198
Literary style, importance of, in China, Pref. xix.
Liu, account by, of Ta-Chio-Ssŭ, 333
Liu-Li-Chang, street in Peking, 126, 224
Lizards, 110
Llama Miao, Mongolia, 290–294
Llama temple, Peking, 119
Llamas (see Monks)
Longobardi, Father, Pref. xxii.
Lung Wang Miao, temple, 314
Ma, merchant, Canton, 241–243
Ma Shên Miao, temple, 286
Macao, 32, 264
Maigrot, Bishop, Pref. xxxi. xxxiii. xxxiv.
Manchuria, reigning dynasty from, 360; Russia and, Pref. li.
Mandarins— Attainment of rank, 358–374; unprincipled character of, 217, 357; hostility to foreigners, Pref. vi. xi. xiv. xli.
Martin, Dr., Chinese translation of Wheaton’s _International Law_, 86
Mas, M. de, Spanish Minister, 168
Medicine (see Disease)
Mezzabarba, papal legate to Ka̔ng Hsi, Pref. xxxiv.
Miao Fêng Shan, shrine, 309
Military review, 75
Ming dynasty, Pref. xvii. xxiii.–xxv.
Ming Ti, Emperor who introduced Buddhism, Pref. xiii.
Ming Tombs, Shih-san-Ling, 156–162, 249
Missionaries— History of early missions, Pref. xv.–xxxvi.; religious dissensions amongst themselves, Pref. xxix.–xxxiv. xliii.; qualifications necessary to succeed in China, Pref. xxxvi.–xxxviii.; French, 169; unwise championship of converts, Pref. xlii.; Russian Mission in Peking, 210, 212; China Inland Mission, Pref. xliii.
Mi-Yün-Hsien, city, 136, 150
Mobbing Europeans, 258, 319
Mohammedanism, Pref. xiii. xiv.
Mongolia— Chai Ling, 326 Chang Chia Ko̔u, 313, 315 Chang Leang, 320 Chang-tu-ho, 286 Chinese boundary of, 308 Chinese colonies in, 283, 307 Dogs, 281 Fêng Ming Hsien, 301 Food eaten in yurts, 272, 279 Ha Pa Chiao, 289 Horses (see that name) Hung Tu̔ng Tien, 297 Kou Mên Tzŭ, 295 Kwa Ti Erh, 298 Kwa Yo Erh, 304 Kwo Chia Tu̔n, 298 Lao Wo Pu̔, 297 Lien Hwa Tan, 318 Llama Miao, 290–294 Mongols, 120, 134, 281, 284 Niu Chuên Tzŭ, 301 Pa Ta, 273 Pan Shan Tu, 276 Passes into, from China, 315 Po Li Nao, 304 Shi Pa Li Tai, 274 Shou Hu Ying, 302 Shui-Hsien-Tszŭ, 295 Steppes, 274 Ta Kao, 324 Ta Liang Ti, 287 Ta Tan, 321 Tu Shih Ko̔u, 318 Tu-ting, 272 Yurts or huts, 277–282
Monks and llamas, 27, 88, 104, 291, 336–339, 341, 344, 345
Morales, Spanish Dominican, 31
Morrison, Dr., quoted, Pref. xiii. xli.
Mu-Chia-Yu, 137
Mules (see under Travelling)
Murray, Mr., 146, 150
Musical instruments, 121, 222, 233, 348
Nanchang, school established by Father Ricci, Pref. xix.
Nanking, meaning of name, 61; suggested as capital in place of Peking, Pref. xlv.–liv.
Nan-Ko̔u, town and pass, 250–254
Nei Nei Shan, mountain, 256
New Year festivities in Peking, 220–226
Niu Chuên Tzŭ, Mongolia, 301
Niu-Lan-Shan, 130
Nobility of China, 358–360
Noise, Chinese love of, 102, 122, 260, 341
Ophthalmia, 117
Opium smokers and trade, 300; Pref. xxxix.–xli.
Pa Kung, degree, 364
Pa Ta, Mongolia, 273
Pa Ta Chia, “Eight great Families,” 360
Pa Ta Chu, Russian summer quarters, 340
Pa Ta Ling, ruins of, 254
Palikao bridge, 57
Palladius, Archimandrite, 210
Palmerston, Lord, 188, 213
Palmistry, 107, 328
Pan Shan Tu, Mongolia, 276
Pang Yuen, Chinese second wrangler, 373
Pantoja, companion of Father Ricci, Pref. xx.
Pao, mandarin in Chang Chia Ko̔u, 267–269
Parkes, Sir Harry, 38
## Partition of China, Pref. l.–liv.
Passport difficulties, 266–269
Peiho river, 48–50, 55
Peking— “Beggar’s Bridge,” 95, 127 British Legation, 66 Chien Mên gate, 222 Chihli, in province of, 362, Pref. li. Division into two cities, 61 Dust in, 63 “House of Eternal Prosperity,” restaurant, 312 Kambaluk, ancient name for, Pref. xv. Llama temple, 119 Liu-li-chang (street), 224 Outrages of 1900, Pref. xliv.–lvii. _Peking Gazette_, 200 Races, 237 Size and population, 64 Street of Lanterns, 221 Tê Shêng Mên (Victory gate), 246 Theatre, 347–355 Unsuitability of, as capital, Pref. xliv.–liv. Walls of, 59, 61
Peter the Great, 212
Pi Yün Ssŭ, summer quarters of British Legation, 80, 87–94, 99, 102–111
Pichon, M., French attaché, 204
Pigs and pork, 134
Pigtails, 7, 34
“Pilgrim’s Progress,” Chinese translation, 271
Pin Chun, mission to England, 226–228
Po Li Nao, Mongolia, 304
“Po-po” sweetmeats, 171, 203
Po-Ting-Qua, Canton merchant, 30
Pogojeff, Dr., Russian Legation, 240, 340
Pok Fo Lum, 15
Polygamy, 359
Population, Peking, 64; Hong-kong, 5; Canton, 24
Portugal, interests in China, 264
“Psalm of Life,” Chinese translation, 70
Pu-ta-jên, Chinese for Sir F. Bruce, 71
Races at Peking, 237; at Tientsing, 50
Rain and snow, prayers for, 88, 209, 217, 314
Rebellion, Tai Ping, 37, 40, 83, 98, 176, 217, Pref. vi.
Religion— Ancestor worship and religious rites, 171, 222, 345, Pref. xxix.–xxxiv. (see also Monks) Buddhism, Pref. xiii. xiv. xix. Christianity, history of, in China, Pref. xiv.–xliv. (see also Missionaries) Mohammedanism, Pref. xiii. xiv. Monks and Llamas (see that name) Taoism, 374, Pref. xiii. Toleration of other creeds, Pref. xii. xxxviii.
Ricci, Father, life and work of, Pref. xviii.–xxii. xxix. xxx. xxxvi.
Rice, term for meals, 138
Roads, 57, 253, 300, 331
Rocks, curious shapes, 323; painting on, 324
Ruggiero, Father, Pref. xviii.
Russia, trade with China, 262, 264; partition question, Pref. li.
Sa, mandarin convicted of theft, 218
Saint François Xavier, Pref. xvii.
Salisbury, Lord, policy of, Pref. liv.
San Ko Lin Sin, General, 105, 358
Sangkolinsin, Mongol chief, 59
Saoul, Corea, 206, 207
Saurin, Mr., 50, 91, 128, 150, 188
Scenery— Hills near Peking, 86; Hong-kong, 14; between Peking and Great Wall, 137, 141, 149; Nan-Ko̔u and Pass, 250–254; Mongolia, 274, 286, 295, 297, 299, 301, 305, 318, 320, 322
Schall, Father, life and work of, Pref. xxiv.–xxvii. xxix. xxxvi.
School, village, 303
Scorpions, 91, 108
Servants, number of, necessary, 92; ability of cooks, 20, 114
Shah-Meen, English quarter of Canton, 30
Shan Hsi, town, 201, 202
Shang Chuen, where St. François Xavier died, Pref. xvii.
Shang Ti, Christian God, Pref. xxvi. xxix.
Shanghai, general description, 37–41; municipal system established by Sir R. Alcock, 40
Shantung, insurrection, 83, 98, Pref. vi.; partition question, Pref. l. li.
Shao Ching Fu, first Jesuit church established at, Pref. xviii.
Shao-To, 110, 114, 145
Shi Pa Li Tai, Mongolia, 274
Shih, Emperor, builder of the Great Wall, 148
Shih-san-Ling, Ming emperors’ tombs, 156–162, 249
Shi-ling, village, 136
Shops and street life, Peking, 120–126, 309; Canton, 21–24, 31; Tientsing, 52
Shou Hu Ying, Mongolia, 302
Shrines, 154, 252, 309
Shui-Hsien-Tszŭ, Mongolia, 295
Shun Chih, Emperor, Pref. xxv.
Shun Tien Fu, town, 362, 373
Skating, 209
Slave-selling described, 241–243
Smallpox, 71, 310
Spain, interests in China, 264
Ssŭ-Chuan, province, 169
Steppes, Mongolia, 274
Street of Lanterns, Peking, 221
Su, Prince of, 171
Sü, Christian convert in seventeenth century, Pref. xx. xxxvi.
Sü Chia Wei, Roman Catholic mission near Shanghai, Pref. xxii.
Suicide, 202, 360
Sun-Ho, near Peking, 129
Superstition a bar to progress, 167
Sweetmeats, Chinese fondness for, 171, 203
Ta-Chio-Ssŭ, summer quarters of British Legation, 330–338
Ta Kao, Mongolia, 324
Ta Liang Ti, Mongolia, 287
Ta Tan, felt factory, Mongolia, 321
Tai Kung, story of, 214
Tai Ping rebellion, 37, 40, 83, 98, 176, 217, Pref. vi.
Taku Forts, 48
Tan Hwa, golden spoon, 373
Tao Kwang, Emperor, 74
Taoism, 374, Pref. xiii.
Tê Shêng Mên, Victory gate, Peking, 246
Tea trade, 4, 97, 272
Telegraph apparatus, attempt to introduce, by Russian Government, 165
Temples— “Five Hundred Saints,” Canton, 25 Hei Lung Tan, 344 In hills near Peking, 88 Llama, Peking, 119 Llama Miao, Mongolia, 290–294 Lung Wang Miao, 314 Ma Shên Miao, Mongolia, 286 Pa Ta Chu, Russian Legation summer quarters, 340 “Punishments,” Canton, 25 Ta-chio-Ssŭ, British Legation summer quarters, 330–338 Wang-ta-jên Miao, Mongolia, 287 Wo-Fo-Ssŭ, 99
Theatre, Peking, 347–355
Theatricals at British Legation, 216; village, 341
Thieves, cleverness of, 9
Thomas, Mr., expeditions to Corea, 205–208
Thunderstorms, 289, 310
Ti Tsang Wang, a god, 346
Ti-tu, official at Ku Pei Ko̔u, 144–147
Ti̔en, Heaven or God (Christian), Pref. xxvi. xxix. xxxi.–xxxiv.
Ti̔en-Hou, queen of heaven, 154
Tien Wang, chief of Tai Ping rebellion, 217
Tientsing, general description, 50–54
Tournon, Patriarch of Antioch, Pref. xxxiii.
Trade— England and America, 263 Canton, 29 Opium, Pref. xxxix.–xli. Russia, 262, 264 Shanghai, 37 Tea, 4, 97, 272 Tientsing, 53 Traders, ability of Chinese as, Pref. xxxix.
Travelling— Carts, 151, 247, 312 Hong-kong to Canton, 16 Hong-kong to Shanghai, 33 Inns and lodgings, 130, 142, 258, 273, 277–282, 284, 290, 302, 304, 320, 323, 324, 326, 327 Mules, 247; mule litters, 316, 325; muleteers, 249, 264, 269–271, 317 Passport difficulties, 144–147 Peking to Great Wall, 128–162 Peking to Mongolia, 246–309, 313–329 Roads, 57, 253, 300, 331 Shanghai to Tientsing, 41–50 Tientsing to Peking, 55 Yang-tse-Kiang river, 36
Tree cigala, 101
Tsai-shên, god of commerce, 172
Tsao, god of the hearth, 220
Tsêng Kwo Fan, General, 358; Pref. vii.
Tsu Hsi, Empress (reigning), history of, 73 (note); choice of capital, Pref. xlvii. xlviii. l. lii.
Tsung-Li-Yamên (Chinese Foreign Office), 181, 190, 240
Tu Mu, town, 255
Tu Shih Kou, Mongolia, 315, 318
Tu-ting, Mongolia, 272
Tuan, Prince, Pref. lii. lvi.
Tung Chi, Emperor, 73 (note)
Tung-Ling, tombs of Ching emperors, 173
Tung-ta-jên, translator of “Psalm of Life,” 69, 70; Preface to Wheaton’s _International Law_, 86
Tungchou, 56
Valignani, Father, Pref. xviii.
Verbiest, Father, life and work of, Pref. xxvii.–xxix. xxxvi.
Vlangaly, M., Russian minister, 166
Wade, Mr., _chargé d’affaires_ at Peking, 57, 59, 71
Wampoa, 17
Wan Li, Emperor, Pref. xx.
Wang-ho-lou, Peking racecourse, 237
Wang-ta-jên Miao, Mongol temple, 287
Wei-ta-jên, Chinese for Mr. Wade, 71
Wên Hsiang, Minister of Foreign Affairs, 85, 173
Wên Shên, god of pestilence, 204
Wên Wang, Emperor, 213
Wheaton’s _International Law_, Chinese translation, 86, 175
Williams, Dr. Wells, referred to, 73 (note), 310, Pref. xii. xvii. xxiv. xxxi. xxxv.
Wo-Fo-Ssŭ, temple, 99
Wood, scarcity of, 160
Wu Wang, Emperor, 213
Yalu, naval battle of, 358
Yang and Yin, universal principle, 150
Yang Ho, river, 256
Yang Lao Yeh, mandarin in Peking, 229–236
Yang-tse-Kiang, river, 36
Yuen-Ming-Yuen, Imperial summer palace, 111–116, 209
Yun-nan, Pref. li.
Yung Chêng, Emperor, Pref. xxxv.
Yung-Lo, Emperor, 159
Yurt, Mongol hut, 277–282
THE END
_Printed by_ R. & R. CLARK, LIMITED, _Edinburgh_.
FOOTNOTES
[1] There have been five Tartar dynasties—the Liao, A.D. 907–1125; the Western Liao, A.D. 1125–1168; the Chin, which came to an end in A.D. 1234; the Yüan, ending A.D. 1341, and the Ching, or present dynasty, which began in A.D. 1627. (I have not taken into account some overlappings of reigns which would need long explanation.)
[2] They are supposed by Mr. Finn “to have belonged to the restoration from Chaldea, as they had portions of Malachi and Zechariah, adopted the era of Seleucus, and had many rabbinical customs.” They were found, by two native Christians sent by Bishop Smith to inquire into their present condition, to be in abject poverty, ignorance, and dejection. They knew no Hebrew, but had been instructed in copying the letters of Holy Writ.—Wells Williams, _Middle Kingdom_, ii. 272.
[3] In those days the jinrikisha had not been invented.
[4] This, be it remembered, was written in 1865, and was the most desponding view taken at that time even by those who were the gloomiest prophets.
[5] Pa Li Chiao, the Eight Li Bridge (a Li is about a third of a mile), so called from its distance from Peking.
[6] Great improvements have been effected in late years.
[7] See Note, p. 73.
[8] This is the more curious, as rice is by no means the staple food of this part of China. It is bad and dear here, the common fare or staple of the people being millet—a poor food—to which they add much garlic for nourishment.
[9] Pulled down in 1864.
[10] The crime of parricide includes high treason, murder of parents, elders in the family, and of the teacher, in such reverence is learning held. The murder of a master by an apprentice comes under the same category. A parricide is said to be an “owl-tiger,” both animals being supposed to devour their parents. The owl especially eats its mother’s head and eyes. The laugh of an owl portends death in a family.
[11] They were massacred a year later, their murder leading to the abortive French expedition against Corea.
[12] In the following year this accomplished and adventurous gentleman made another trip to Corea in an American ship. Not one of the party was ever seen again, but a report reached Peking that the Coreans had burnt the ship with all hands in the river not far from Saoul.
[13] Wang, a prince; Chi̔n Wang, a prince of the first rank who is personally related to the Emperor.
[14] “Fu,” a bat, by a pun, also means happiness. “Wu fu,” the five bats, or five happinesses, are a common emblem in Chinese ornamentation.
[15] I must remind the reader that this was written in 1866.
[16] In the far East the dragon, associated in our myths with fire, is a water spirit. At the miraculous birth of Buddha two heavenly dragons appeared in the air, the one spouting cold, the other warm water, to wash the holy babe. Hence bronze dragons are commonly seen in temples and in other places as water-spouts, where in the West the lion’s head would be used. The lion as a fountain comes from the ancient Egyptians, whose astronomers held that the rising of the Nile was bound to take place when the sun was in Leo.
[17] Alas! both he and Farquhar fell victims to the climate and died of fever.
[18] See preface.
[19] There are nine official buttons, each denoting an official rank—each divided into a first and second class. The civilian takes precedence of the military officer—_cedunt arma togæ_.
[20] Compare the account given of Solomon’s wisdom, 1 Kings iv. 29:—“And God gave Solomon wisdom and understanding exceeding much, and largeness of heart, even as the sand that is on the sea-shore. And Solomon’s wisdom excelled the wisdom of all the children of the east country, and all the wisdom of Egypt.... And he spake three thousand proverbs: and his songs were a thousand and five. And he spake of trees, from the cedar tree that is in Lebanon even unto the hyssop that springeth out of the wall: he spake also of beasts, and of fowls, and of creeping things, and of fishes. And there came of all people to hear the wisdom of Solomon, from all kings of the earth, which had heard of his wisdom.”
[21] _The Speculations of the Old Philosopher Lao Tsŭ_, translated by John Chalmers. London, Trübner and Co.
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_PALL MALL GAZETTE._—“A most charming and readable book.... Once taken up the book is as hard to put down as a good novel.... We cannot too strongly recommend the perusal of this book to all at the present time. It will serve as a most admirable commentary to the all-engrossing events now passing in the Far East. There are many good illustrations.”
_DAILY NEWS._—“The book is to be recommended as a lively and vivid account of Chinese life and character. With its sketches of scenes and persons wherewith the entire world is now concerned, ‘China, the Long-lived Empire’ appears at an opportune moment. It contains a large number of good illustrations.”
_DAILY CHRONICLE._—“Miss Scidmore unites to the keen and sympathetic observation of a travelled woman the judicial mind of a veteran judge. This is high praise, we know, but nobody who has studied China and reads this book will think it exaggerated.”
_ST. JAMES’S GAZETTE._—“Her book is certain to be widely read, and it is deserving of study in all respects. The portraits and other illustrations are extremely interesting.”
MACMILLAN AND CO., LTD., LONDON.
=MACMILLAN AND CO.’S=
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