L.

Ladders, 353 Indian scaling, 348 Makeshift, 348 Miners', 347 Peg, branch, and log, 349 Rope and chain, 348

Ladles, spoons, and their substitutes, 227

Lamps, bull's-eye, 86 Covers for, 87 Cup, 85 Esquimaux, 86 Forecastle, 87 Indian, 87 Railway, 87 Oils for, 85 Portuguese, 84 Reflecting, 87 Wicks for, 85

Lancers' tent, 58

Landing derrick, 349

Lanterns, bull's-eye, 86 Horn, 86

Larch trees, 358

Large game, cutting up, 575

Larvæ of insects as food, 562

Lasts for boots, 416

Latches, 390

Lathes, makeshift, 386

Laudanum, preparation of, 803

Lead ore smelting, 228 Pencils and stock whip handles, 225 Plates, to make, 225

Leading and driving horses, 472

Leaf torch, 89

Leakage in water-skins, repairing of, 499

Leaky boats, to stop, 91

Leaping-poles, 347

Leather buckets, 72

Leeches, mule, to destroy, 805

Lee shore, establishing communication by kites with a, 185

Levelling, 340 Staff, extemporised sight vane for, 737

Levels or low altitudes, to obtain, 734 Water, substitute for, 738

Library, the traveller's, 29, 31

Life-belts, 94 Boat, metal, 124 Buoys, 95 Line, 96 Raft, American, 167

Liggers and trimmers, 591

Lighting a fire, 539, 540

Lightning, averted by glass bottle, 289

Line slings and lob sticks, 334

Lines, fishing, 597 For measuring, 292 Ground, and their management, 593 Measuring, 365

Lining for old huts, tents as, 61

Links and chains, 462

Lion hunting, 642

Lizards, snakes, &c. as food, 560

Loads for camels, 485 Cape waggon, 453

Lobsters, crayfish, &c. to catch, 604

Lob sticks and line slings, 334

Locality for water, 491

Lodges of the American Indian, 308

Logging-up timber, 269

Logier hill house, 287

Log, boring a, 376 Clip, 273 For sledges, to make, 399 House, to build, 275 Peg and branch ladders, 349 Splitting, 543 Steaming, 357

Long canoes, 163

Lotus roots and seeds as food, 564

Low altitude or levels, to obtain, 734