M.

Maintain a fire, 542

Maize, preserving, 569

Malay torch, 89

Mallets for driving tent pegs, 64

Management of forges, hints on the, 192 Disabled artillery, 448 Ground line, 593

Mange, preventive and remedy, 803

Mangrove wood floats, 163

Manna and its preparation, 529

Maple sugar, 528

Mapping, 30 Instruments for, 31 On Mercator's projection, 754 Routes, instruments for, 24 Tables, 755

Marking boxes, 700 Cattle, 478

Marrow bones, 557

Martin trap, 662

Massoolah boats, 164

Masts, broken, 182 For platform boats, 114

Matches from blue lights, 556

Materials for copper boats, 54 Metal platform boat, 110 Ropes, 788 Sketching, &c. 22 Wooden platform boat, 114

Mats, rush, 283

Measurements, extemporary, 363 Of distances, 30 Of distances travelled by wheeled carriages, 726 Of time, 740 Of waterflow of a river, 757 Rough modes of, 363

Measuring lines, 292, 365 Lines, hitches on, 365 Tape, to make, 320

Meat, boiling, 553 Cakes, 566 Preserving, 572 Roasting, 551 Transportation of, hints on, 576

Medical stores, 73

Medicines, 73 Hints on making, 802 Horse, and farrier's stores, 84

Mercator's projection, mapping on, 754

Mescal, to make, 579

Metal (base), to detect, 263

Metal boat, building a, 121 Double, 107 Joining odd sections of, 125 Life, 124 Mixture for painting, 113 Platform, 107, 110 Steel, 166

Metal pannikin, making, 211 Sheet, joining, 211 Sheet, snips for cutting, 213

Metals, tests for, 260

Milk-bush floats, 163 Preserving, 582 Spirit, 534

Mills, makeshift, 544

Mineralogical and geological specimens collecting, 771

Minerals, chemical tests for, 260

Miner's pump, to make, 266 Swing and ladder, 347 Tools and mining, 252

Mining and miner's tools, 252

Mission churches, plans for building, 301

Mixture for painting metal boats, 113

Mocassins, 424

Models of boats, 105, 119

Mosquito nets, 67

Moulds, buck shot, 19 Bullet, 220, 230 Shot, 222

Mounting cannon, 237, 240 Grindstones, 387

Moving vessels during calms, Admiral Belcher's expedient for, 175

Mules, bell, 466 Equipment, hints on, 468 Harness for, 459 Leeches, to destroy, 805 Packing purposes, 467 Platforms, Abyssinian, 345 Purchase of, hints on, 466, 806 Refractory, to secure, 459 Teeth and their irregularities, 805 Waggons for, 442

Mushrooms, hints on gathering, 582

Muskets, flint, 10 Repairing, 208

Musk rats, catching, 667

N.

Namaqua Hottentot hut, 283

Nardoo for meal, 545

Natives and colonists, to obtain information from, 758

Natives, plough, 390 Rewarding, 493

Natural bridges, 346 History specimens, preserving and packing, 766 History specimens, collecting, 763

Naturalists' outfit, 761

Nave auger, to work, 376 Turning, 370

Necessaries for the table, 70

Necessary carpenter's tools, 41

Nets, fishing, 600, 603 Mosquito, 67

Netting, 797 Under ice, 602

Nipple of a gun, to extract, 204

North American wild fruits, 530 Australian expedition, equipment of, 35

Norwegian cooking stove, 558 Boats, 165 Skidor, 411

Nuts and bolts, taps and dies for, 198

O.

Oars for travellers, 114

Observation of the habits of wild animals, 773

Observatory, portable, 29

Obtain geographical information from natives and colonists, 758 Levels or low altitudes, to, 734

Odds and ends for sledging, 402 To take abroad, 69, 73

Offal of animals, 557

Oil for gun locks, 236 For lamps, 85 On troubled waters, 176 Or sugar cane mill, 546 Palm, 525

Ointment for wounds, 802

Oneida trap, 665

One man, inflated canvas canoe for, 50

One-tree bridge, 325

Ore, iron, smelting, 258 Lead, smelting, 228

Ostriches, catching, 668 Eggs, 565 Feathers, packing, 622

Otter, making and working, 593

Outfit for artists, 22 Naturalist's, 761

Outriggers for canoes, 99 Makeshift, 92

Outspanning, 453

Ovens, makeshift, 550

Oxen, casting, 801 Yoking and harnessing, 452, 454

P.

Pack animals, 463, 474 Animals, blindfolding, 465 Oxen, 654

Pack ropes, 465 Saddle, 35 Saddle bags, 36 Saddle crooks, 388 Saddle, Spanish, 463

Packing ammunition, 17 Botanical specimens, 771 Candles, 88 Natural history specimens, 766 Ostrich feathers, 622 Riding saddles, 37 Venison, 661

Packs and pack animals, 474 Dog, 405

Paddling, 134

Pail-yoke, 391

Pails, palm, 523 Water, 496

Painting and sketching under difficulties of travel, 716 Metal boats, mixture for, 113

Palanquins, stretchers, &c., 682

Palm, bucket of, 523 Cabbage, 523 Climbing, 523 Cocoa nut, 360 Leaves, use of, 527 Oil, 525 Range and uses of the, &c. 524, 526 Sugar, 525 Toddy, 524 Vinegar from, 525

Pannikin, to make, 211

Papuan tree hut, 307

Parbuckling, carrying, and rolling heavy spars, 352

Parchment and catgut, 782

Passing through breakers, rules for, 176

Patent filter, 506

Patrol tent, 55

Paunches and bladders for holding water, 499

Pearls, river, to find, 256

Peat hut, 309

Pegs and rests for guns, game, &c. 392 Branch and log ladders, 349

Pellet bow, 624

Pemmican, 573

Pencils and stock whip handles, 225

Penetration of rifle balls, 17

Pen trap, 671

Perch bolts, to repair, 197

Percussion caps and their substitutes, 240

Perpendicular, on a given point, to erect, 320

Pipes, buckets, &c. of bamboo, 358

Pistols, 18

Pitching tents, 55 Selection of ground for, 66

Pitfall, 647

Plane table and its use, 735

Plank fall trap, 664 House, 278 Rafter, and slab bridges, 342 Screens, to make, 292

Plans for building mission churches, 301

Plantains, cider, 533

Plantains for food, 533

Plants holding water, 504, 522 Sap as substitute for water, 491 Yielding sap as a substitute for water, 516, 518, 521

Plates, lead, to make, 225 Making, 213

Platform boats, connecting beams, masts, &c. for, 114 Metal, 107, 110 Wooden, 114

Platforms, Abyssinian mule, 345

Platinizing iron, &c., 206

Ploughs, native, 390 Settlers', 391

Pocket compass, 28 Handkerchiefs, 5

Points in the dromedary, 483 Of the compass, 633

Poisoned arrows, 619, 622 Cure of wounds from, 620

Poisons, 680 And their antidotes, 80

Pole chains, 335 House, Fuegean, 309 Indian escape, 347

Poles, leaping, 347 Repairing, 218

Porcupine trap, 657

Porpoises, catching, 612 Uses of, 613

Portable boat, American, 154 Boat of inflated canvas, 48 Boat, steel, 166 Observatory, 29 Tool chest, 44

Portuguese buildings in Africa, 305 Lamp, 84

Potato whiskey, 534

Pots and pans, 71 Raft of, 150 Sugar making, 548

Poultice, horse, 799

Powder-flasks, 19

Precious stones, to identify, 254

Preparation of American wild fruits, 530 Laudanum, 803 Manna, 529 Skin for boots, 414

Preserving birds, 574 Botanical specimens, 771 Fish roe, eggs and butter, 583 Flesh, 572 Flour from weevils, 556 Iron from rusting, 207 Maize, 569 Milk, 582 Natural history specimens, 766 Skins, 774

Preserved vegetables, 582

Preventing a candle from guttering, 556 Iron rusting, 207

Preventive and remedy for mange, 803 Of tsetse fly bite, 654

Priming caps, to make, 244

Principles of raft building, 147

Proas, 135

Procuring aloe juice, 802 Fire, 535, 540 Water from damp places, 492 Water from wells, 492

Producing fire, 535

Projection, Mercator's, mapping on, 754 Of routes, 751

Prong and crook house, to build, 284

Protecting dead game, 660

Pulleys or blocks, 383

Pumping ships, 176

Pumps, extemporised, 516 Miners', to make, 266

Punk, 537

Purchase of horses and mules, hints on, 806

Purgative for animals, 802

Purifying water, 507

Q.

Quadrant, 744

Quagga hide boat, 102

Qualities of gold, 810

Quantity and nature of stores required by 21 men for 18 months, 46 Of ammunition to take abroad, 17

Quarrying stone, 263

Queen Charlotte's Island canoe, 158

Queen, the, 544

Quicksands, extricating waggons from, 145

R.

Radiating heat power of various bodies, 810

Rafter, plank and slab bridges, 342

Rafts, American life, 167 Cape-waggon chests as, 140 From wrecked ships, 92 Inflated skin, 152 Pot, 150 Principles of building, 147 Reed, 98 Sedge grass, 150 Trennelled, 146

Rail splitting, 272

Railway lamp, 87

Rainfalls, collecting water from, 504

Raising a roof, 287 Water from wells, 508 Waggons, &c. from quicksands, &c. 145

Rakes, forks, &c. from sticks, 391

Rations for one man for six days, 566 Scale of, for rough travelling, 559 Hints on serving, 559

Ravines or rivers, to find the width of without instruments, 318

Reducing dislocated shoulder, 694

Reed boat, 97 Houses, screens and sheds, 293 Raft, 98

Reefing of sails from the sides, 174

Reflecting lamp, 87

Reindeer sledge, 406 Harnessing, 406

Refractory mule, to secure, 459

Region of the tsetse fly, 652

Remedy for colic and gripes, 802 Diarrhoea, 79 Fever, 77 Irritated surfaces, 80 Mange, 803 Snow blindness, 79 Strains and contusions, 79

Removing boulders, 265 Obnoxious juices from fruits, &c., 520 Sand, &c. from gun locks, 69

Render boats safe, 92

Repairing axles, 217 Bladders, water skins, &c., 783 Bruised gun-barrels, 226 Cannon, 243 Guns, 199 Leakage in water skins, 499 Muskets, 208 Perch-bolts, 197 Poles, 218 Vessels, temporary, 168 Wheels, 218 Wheel-tires, 195

Reptiles as food, 560, 564

Rests for guns, &c., 392 Rifle shooting, 203

Revolvers, 18

Rewarding natives, 493

Rice, boiling, 565

Riding and pack oxen, 654 Saddles, packing of, 37

Rifle balls, penetration of, 17 For travellers, 231 Rests, 203 Selecting, 10 Sights, 16, 201 Shells, extempore, 226 Sporting, 231

Rifling arrows, 624

Rigs of vessels, 172

Rio Negro huts, 307

Rivers, ferrying wheels over, 144 Hints on fording, 344 Or ravines, to find the width of without instruments, 318 Pearls, to find, 256 Water flow, measurement of, 757

Rivets, 213

Roads, to make swamp, 317

Roadways, cane and twig, 335

Roasting meat, 551

Rocket arrows and grenades, 246

Rod iron, weight of, 809

Rolling, carrying, and parbuckling heavy spars, 352

Roof, to raise a, 287

Roots for food, 533 Of lotus as food, 564 Yielding sap as a substitute for water, 516, 518, 521

Rope bridge, Indian, 341 Casting, for horses, 801 Chain ladders, 348 Hard rove, treatment of, 793 Hay, 792 Hide, 784 Ladders, 348 Making, 790 Materials for, 788 Pack, 465 Straw, 792 Strength of, to estimate, 793 Weight of, to estimate, 793

Rucksacks, 787

Rudders, temporary, 178

Rue ruddy, 395

Rules for passing through breakers, 176 For sailing boats, 177 To be observed when sledging, 401

Rush mats, 283

Russian cargo boat, 102

Routes, projection of, 751

S.

Sabots and socks, 428

Sacks, ruck, 787 Water, skin, 780

Saddles, 32 And gun rests, 392 Cases, 34 Cloths, 33 Cross-tree, 465 Pack, 35 Packing of, 37 Spanish pack, 463

Sago cakes, 556 Making, 532

Sailing boats, rules for, 177

Sails and their substitutes, 172 Kites used as, 182 To reef from the sides, 174 Substitutes for, 174

Samovar, 90

Sandals, 426

Sand, &c. from gun locks, to remove, 69

Sap from timber, to extract, 355 Of plants as substitute for water, 491

Savages' huts, 278

Saw-pit, substitute for, 274

Saws and drills, 376

Scale of rations for rough travelling, 559

Scaling cliffs, &c. kites for, 185 Ladders, Indian, 348

Scarfing of broken spars, 181

Scissors, 41

Scrap-iron, uses for, 194

Screens, Chuppar, 294 For candles, 88 Plank, 292 Reed, 293

Sculling, 132

Sea-birds, cooking, 584

Sea-fish, catching, 585

Season for cutting timber, 270

Seals, harpooning under ice, 603

Seasoning wood, 355

Second-hand guns, hints on buying, 11

Sections, odd, of metal boats, to join, 125

Securing cattle, 469 Fish from alligators, 591 Gunpowder, mode of, 37 Horses, 472 Horse for an operation, 800 Tent ropes, modes of, 65

Seeds and roots of lotus as food, 564

Sedge grass raft, 150

Selection of bullet moulds, 9 Ground for tent pitching, 66 Guns, 9 Iron articles, 446 Rifles, 10 Servants, 704

Sentries, hints for, 301

Servants and companions, conduct to, 702 Slaves, hints on, 704

Serving rations, hints on, 559

Settlers' plough, 391

Setting traps, 665

Sextant and artificial horizon, use of, 743

Sheds, reed, 293

Sheath knives or bayonets, 202

Shears to construct bridge, 336

Sheep killing, 560

Sheet-copper boat, 50, 51 Iron, weight of, 808 Metal, to join, 211 Metal, snips for cutting, 213

Shells for rifles, extempore, 226 Of cocoa-nut, use of, 526

Shelves, makeshift, 293

Ship-board, fastening camels on, 489

Ships, rafts from, 92 Pumping, 176 Water-bags, 498

Shirts, 4 Making, 696

Shoe canoe, 161

Shoeing horses, hints on, 798

Shoemaker's wax, 415

Shoes and boots, 6, 412 Snow, 408

Shooting bustards, 670 Tortoises with arrows, 624

Shot belts, 19 Cannon, 220 Cannon, makeshift, 246 Making, 223 Moulds, 222

Signal clock, 385 Fire as a, 539

Signalling by means of kites, 184

Signs of the weather, 185

Sight vane for levelling staff, extemporised, 737

Sighting guns, 200

Sights, gun, 201 Rifle, 16, 201

Silkworm gut, 599

Sinking wells, 513

Skates and their substitutes, 411

Sketching and painting, under difficulties of travel, 716

Skidor, Norwegian, 410

Skiff of copper or iron, 118

Skins as food, 557 Boat, 100 Cattle boat, 99 Dressing, 779 Float for one man, 154 Floats, 99 Preparation of, for boots, 414 Sleeping bags, 786 Treatment, 774 Use of, 784 Water, 496 Water, and bladders, repairing, 783 Water, repairing leakage in, 499 Water sacks, 780

Slab plank and rafter bridges, 342

Slaughtering sheep, 560

Slaves and servants, hints on, 704

Sledges, attachment of straps for, 399 Dimensions, 394 Dog, 396, 404 Drawing, 395 Equipment of, 399 Esquimaux, 398 Field artillery, 406 Harness for dog, 396 Hints on, 401 Horse, 405 Ice board, 403 Log for, 399 Reindeer, 406 Runners of, to smooth, 398 Speed of, to check, 400 Stopping, 400 Summer, 408 Tobogun, 403 Travail, 404 Whip, 397

Sleeping bags, 786

Slings for guns, 39

Slow match and tinder, 537

Slugs, making, 223

Smelting iron ore, 258 Lead ore, 228

Smith's tools for travelling, 208

Smoking out wild bees, 537

Smoothing roughened runners of sledges, 398

Snakes as food, 560 Bites, &c., 82

Snares, 673

Snatch block, 385

Snips for cutting sheet metal, 213

Snow-blindness, and its remedy, 79 Hut, 312 Shoe-boots, 410 Shoes, 408

Soap making, 785

Socks and sabots, 428 And stockings, 5

Softening brass, 210

Solids, Weight of, 809

Sore backs, 799 Feet, 430

Spanish pack saddle, 463

Spawn, fish, preserving, 583

Spars, carrying, rolling, or parbuckling, 352 Scarfing or fishing of broken, 181

Spearing fish, 607, 608

Spears, Australian, 616 Fish, weirs and dams, 596 Throwing, Australian, 616 Turtle, 617

Specimens, botanical, collecting, 764 Botanical, packing and preserving, 771 Geological and mineralogical, collecting, 771 Natural history, collecting, 763 Natural history, preserving and packing, 766

Speed of a sledge, to check, 400

Spinning hay and straw ropes, 792

Spirit from milk, 534

Splicing, 797

Splints, surgical, 691

Splitting logs, 543 Rails, 272 Timber, 271

Spoons, ladles, and their substitutes, 227

Spooring, 628

Sporting rifles, 231

Spring guns, 656

Spurs, 34

Square, to make a, 320

Squirrel trap, 663

Stables, temporary, 294

Stages at Ichaboe, guano, 337

Stands for instruments, 738

Steaming log, 357

Steel boat, portable, 166 Making, 259 Traps, 665

Steering wheel, to make, 372

Stern-posts, temporary, 181

Sticks, forked, uses of, 388

Still, makeshift, 494

Stirrups, 34, 380

Stitching boots, 421

Stockings and socks, 5

Stock-whip handles and lead pencils, 225

Stone hut, 280 Quarry, 263 Treatment of, 264 Weapons, manufacture of, 625 Weight, the, 810

Stopping leaky boats, 91

Stores, &c. required by 21 men for an 18 months' expedition, 46 Farriers' and horse medicines, 84

Stoves, Norwegian, 558

Strains, remedy for, 79

Straps for sledges, attachment of, 399

Straw and hay ropes, spinning, 792

Strength of ropes, to estimate, 793 Various bodies, 812

Stretchers, palanquins, &c., 682

"Strike-a-light" or "Chuckmuck," 537

Stripping bark for canoes, mode of, 156 From trees, 789

Sugar cane or oil mill, 546 Making, 546 Maple, 528 Palm, 525 Pots, making, 548

Summer sledges, 408 Tents, Esquimaux, 315

Supple jack, 392

Surgical bandages, 689 Splints, 691

Swamp roads, to make, 317

Swimming to a lee shore, kite as an assistance in, 183

Swing and ladder, miners', 347

Swinging derrick, 349

Swivels, wooden and other, 361

Symptoms of fever, 77 Tsetse fly bite, 653

T.

Table necessaries, 70 Plane, and its use, 735

Tables, altitudes, 742 Heat conducting bodies, 809, 810 Mapping, 755 Quality of gold, 810 Radiating heat power of bodies, 810 Strength of various bodies, 812 Trocheameter, 729 Velocity, 808 Weight of rod iron, 809 Weight of sheet iron, 808 Weight of solids, 809

Tacking by means of kites, 184

Tackle, fishing, making, and hints on, 583

Tailor's work, 696

Taking bees' nests, 580

Tana trap, 664

Tanning skins, 779

Taps and dies for bolts and nuts, 198

Tartar bridges, 328 Hut, 294

Tea, uses of, 570

Teeth of draught animals and their irregularities, 805

Tempering tools, 204

Temporary repairs of vessels, 168 Rudders, 178 Stables, 294 Stern-posts, 181 Wigwam, 277

Tendons, use of, 784

Tente d'abri, 57

Tents, Australian, 59 Belt, to increase size of, 61 Blanket, 59 Cape-waggon, 59 D'abri, 57 Esquimaux, 315 Extemporary, 60 Fitting up of, 61 Gipsy, 57 Lancers', 58 Lining to old huts, 61 Or tilt for Cape waggons, 130 Patrol, 55 Pegs, 64 Pitching, 55 Pitching, selection of ground for, 66 Ropes, modes of securing, 65 Umbrella, 67 Used in Crimea, 62

Testing firearms, 13

Tests for minerals and metals, 260 For wrought or malleable iron, 447

Thatches for houses and huts, 285, 288

Theodolite, 745

Thermometers, 26

Things to be thought of when designing a boat, 105

Thorn wreath, catching deer with, 624

Thread for boot making, 420

Throwing a horse, 800 Oil on troubled waters, 176

Tightening harness, 465 String of bow, 622

Tilt or tent for Cape waggons, 130

Timber, extraction of sap, 355 Felling, 268 Hardening, 357 Logging-up, 269 Seasoning, 355 Splitting, 271 Steaming, 357 Vice for holding, 166 When to cut, 270

Time, estimation of, 740 Guns, 238

Tin cases, utilisation of, 212

Tinder and slow match, 537

Tinning copper and iron, 210

Tip-up, 602

Tires of wheels, to repair, 195

Tobogun sledge, 403

Toddy, palm, 524

Tools, chest, portable, 44 Carpenter's, 41 For mining, 252 Hold-all, convenient form of, 43 Smith's, for travelling, 208 Tempering, 204 To take abroad, 44

Torches, 89 Holder, 555

Torres Straits boats, 162

Tortillas, 544

Tortoises, shooting, with arrows, 624

Tourniquets, 695

Tracking, 628

Transportation of flesh, hints on, 576

Traps, arrow, 657 Aquatic bird, 675 Baits for, 667 Bear, 663 Bird, 673 Blackcock, 672 Deer, 659 Elk, 658 Fall, 662 Figure of four, 663 Fish, basket, 595, 597 Fox, 664 Hook, 664 Iron, 665 Martin, 662 Oneida, 665 Pen, 671 Plank fall, 664 Porcupine, 657 Setting of, 665 Squirrel, 663 Tana, 664 Turkey, 671

Trapping amphibious animals, 666 Hints on, 666

Travail sledge, 404

Travel, hints on, 711 Painting and sketching during, 716

Traveller, making and working a, 594

Travellers, geology for, 250 Library for, 29, 31

Treating fat, 784

Treatment of apparently drowned persons, 188 Fly infested animals, 804 Hard rove rope, 793 Skins, 774 Stone, 264

Tree footways, 330

Trees, larch, 358 Stripping bark from, 789 Whose bases are accessible, to find the height of without instruments, 321 Yielding manna, 529

Treenails, making, 326

Trenneled rafts, 146

Trestle bridge, Chinese, 343

Trimmers and liggers, 591

Trimming and filing up after forging, 194

Tripping a grapnel or creeper, 603

Trocheameter, 727 Tables, 729

Troughs, cattle, for drinking, 493

Trousers, 4 Making, 696

Trunks, bullock, 8

Tsetse-fly, 650 Preventive of bite, 654 Region of the, 652 Symptoms of bite, 653

Tubes of inflated canvas, boat fitted with, 170

Turkeys, catching, 670 Traps, 671

Turning wheel naves, 370

Turtle spears, 617

Twisting fishing lines, 598 Ropes, 790

Two-wheeled drays, Australian, 454

U.

Umbrella tent, 67

Union links, 462

Unspiking cannon, 243

Use of bladders, 783 Horns, bones, tendons, fish skins, &c., 784 Plane table, 735 Sextant and artificial horizon, 743 Waggon wheels in tents, 63

Useful roots for food, 533

Uses of bamboos, 358 Bark, 789 Bent wood, 380 Cocoa-nut palms, 360 Forked sticks, 388 Hippopotami, 616 Porpoises, 613 Scrap and hook iron, 104 Tea, 570

Utilisation of tin cases, 212