M.

_Macaire_, vegetable physiology in relation to rotation of crops, xxiii, 138. ----, injurious action of gases on vegetation, xxiii, 193. ----, on nitrogen in animal substances, xxiii, 384. ----, experiments on hydrochloric acid, xi, 393.

_McConnell, B. R._, notice of a revolving electro-magnetic instrument, xxxiii, 188.

_McCord, J. S._, meteorological observations at Montreal, 1836-40, xli, 330.

_MacCulloch, J._, essay on remittent and intermittent fevers, xviii, 338.

_McGuire, W. W._, on the prairies of Alabama, xxvi, 93;--causes of, xxvi, 96.

Machine for cleaning grain invented, iv, 387. ---- and its model, relation between, _E. Sang_, xxiv, 264.

Machines, examination of, maximum and minimum effect of, _A. B. Quinby_, xii, 346. ----, electrical, see _Electrical_.

Machinery, use of soapstone in diminishing friction of, xiii, 192. ---- and manufactures, economy of, xxiv, 105.

Macle, see _Chiastolite_.

_Maclure, W._, on different systems of education, ix, 160, 163. ----, on the Pestalozzian system of, ix, 163; x, 145. ----, geological arrangement, outlines of, i, 209. ----, systematic arrangement of rocks and their probable origin, vii, 261. ----, geological systems, geological maps, and chatoyant feldspar, ix, 253. ----, ---- changes in N. America, conjectures on, east of the Stoney mountains, vi, 98. ----, ---- remarks on Mexico, xx, 406. ----, igneous theory of the earth, remarks on, xv, 384; xvi, 351. ----, on Mosaic geology, ix, 157. ----, passage to Mexico of, xv, 400. ----, memoir of, _S. G. Morton_, xlvii, 1.^f ----, list of works of, xlvii, 16.

Maclurite, description of, v, 246. ----, analysis of, _H. Seybert_, v, 336. ----, identical with chondrodite, v, 366. ----, in New Jersey, v, 343.

Madeira, notice of, xxiv, 238. ----, wines of, xxiv, 240.

Mæcenas, bust of, xxxiv, 51.

_Maerenhaut, J. A._, on Otaheite, xxix, 283.

_Magendie, F._, on the mechanism of absorption in animals, iii, 288. ----, on prussic acid, ii, 81.

Magic, natural, remarks on, xxxiii, 258.

Magnesia, effect of, on soil, xli, 159. ----, solubility of, v, 378. ----, in compact limestones, large proportion of, _R. E. Rogers_, xli, 171. ----, carbonate of, of Staten Island, N. Y., i, 142; v, 266. ----, ----, in Pennsylvania, i, 236; xiv, 18. ----, hydrate of, description and analysis of, iv, 245. ----, ----, in New Jersey, i, 55; iv, 17; v, 267. ----, ----, in Hoboken, i, 54; iv, 17; vii, 370. ----, ----, from Shetland, vii, 365. ----, nitrate of, i, 133. ----, sulphate of, i, 133; ii, 375; xv, 241. ----, ----, native in New York State, xv, 241. ---- and soda, sulphate of, xlviii, 189.

Magnesian carbonate of lime, in N. York, analyses of, _L. C. Beck_, xlvi, 34. ---- hydrate of silica. Harford Co., Md., _P. T. Tyson_, xviii, 79. ---- ---- ---- identity of, with Deweylite, _C. U. Shepard_, xviii, 81. ---- pseudomorphs, and metamorphic changes, xlviii, 89.

Magnesite, hard, from Baumgarten, Silesia, vii, 368. ----, in N. York, v, 267; xlvi, 34. ----, in Maryland, xiv, 12. ----, in Pennsylvania, xiv, 9, 10.

Magnesium, notice of, xix, 197, 379; xxvii, 196. ----, obtained by _W. W. Mather_, xx, 408.

Magnets, cast iron, xxxiii, 265. ----, chemical action in needles suspended from, xviii, 402. ----, best position of, for mutual action, _H. Lloyd_, xxxviii, 96. ----, current produced by the rotation of, _Pixii_, xxiv, 144, 146.^f ----, electric spark from, _J. Henry_, xxii, 403. ----, a mode of producing sparks and galvanic currents from the horse shoe, _J. P. Emmet_, xxiv, 78.^f ----, new method of making permanent, xxxvi, 335.^f ----, galvanic, construction of, _J. B. Zabriskie_, xxxvi, 124.^f ----, ----, Henry's large, xix, 408.^f ----, ----, made for Laboratory of Yale College, xx, 201. ----, ----, Humbert's, xxxviii, 204. ----, ----, Ganby's, xxix, 354. ----, ----, Page's, xxxv, 253.^f ----, ----, E. M. Clarke's, xxxiii, 213.^f ----, ----, see farther under _Electro-Magnetic_ and _Magneto-Electric_. ----, musical tones from, _C. G. Page_, xxxii, 396; xxxiii, 118; xlviii, 401. ----, cause of voltaic currents with, _J. P. Emmet_, xxvi, 23.^f ----, native, in Rhode Island, iv, 285; v, 402.

Magnetic attraction and repulsion, law of, _R. W. Fox_, xxviii, 370. ---- ---- ---- reciprocating motion of, _J. Henry_, xx, 340.^f ---- chart, of the U. States, _E. Loomis_, xxxiv, 290; xxxix, 41. ---- compass, mariner's, on the invention of, _A. Humboldt_, xl, 242. ---- dip, in different parts of the world, _T. H. Perry_, xlvii, 84. ---- ----, at different places in Europe, xl, 30. ---- ----, in Ireland, _H. Lloyd_, xxxv, 296. ---- ----, at Perth, Scotland, xl, 342. ---- ----, at St. Petersburg, xxi, 382. ---- ----, at different places in the U. States, xl, 380. ---- ----, ibid, _J. Locke_, xxxix, 319; xl, 149; xli, 15. ---- ----, ----, ibid, remarks on, xxxix, 325. ---- ----, ibid, _E. Loomis_, xxxiv, 290^f; xxxix, 41^f; xl, 85. ---- ----, at various places in Ohio and Michigan, _E. Loomis_, xxxviii, 397. ---- ----, ---- ibid, at Cincinnati, _J. Locke_, xl, 56. ---- ----, at Philadelphia and Baltimore, _A. D. Bache_, xl, 375. ---- ----, at Baltimore, _J. Locke_ and _J. N. Nicollet_, xlii, 239. ---- ----, at Nantucket, _W. Mitchell_, xlvi, 157. ---- ----, daily variation in, _Kupffer_, xxv, 194. ---- ---- and intensity determined by one instrument, _H. Lloyd_, xxxviii, 179. ---- discoveries by _H. H. Sherwood_, xxxiv, 210. ---- effects from Hare's calorimotor, _G. T. Bowen_, v, 357. ---- experiments, showing the effect of cold and heat on steel bars, _Kupffer_, xxv, 194. ---- influence of the sun's rays, xiii, 188; xviii, 181. ---- ---- of the violet ray, xviii, 171. ---- instrument, new, called a Solar Index, _M. Conant_, xlix, 301.^f ---- iron, see _Iron_. ---- intensity, at great elevations, _J. D. Forbes_, xxxi, 369. ---- ----, at different places in Europe, xl, 30. ---- ----, in Ireland, _H. Lloyd_, xxxv, 296. ---- ----, daily variation and changes in, _H. Lloyd_, xlvi, 391. ---- ----, in different places in the United States, xl, 378. ---- investigations, by _W. Scoresby_, xlviii, 33. ---- needle, dipping, theory of adjusting, _T. H. Perry_, xxxvii, 277. ---- ----, ----, manipulations of, _J. Locke_, xlii, 235. ---- ----, dip of, see _Magnetic dip_. ---- ----, on the influence of the Aurora on, xxxiv, 285. ---- ----, ibid, _Franklin_, xvi, 148. ---- ----, ibid, _J. Henry_, xxii, 143. ---- ----, ibid, of Jan., 1837, New Haven, xxxii, 179. ---- ----, ibid, in July, 1837, xxxiii, 146. ---- ----, ibid, at Schenectady, Jan., 1837, &c., _B. F. Joslin_, xxxv, 152. ---- ----, ibid, Nov. 14, 1837, _E. C. Herrick_, xxxiv, 269. ---- ----, ibid, xl, 48. ---- ----, ibid, May, 1840, at Toronto, xl, 337. ---- ----, ibid, as seen at Greenwich, xl, 338. ---- ----, influence of coasts on the deflection of, xxviii, 62. ---- ----, ---- of heating to the temperature of boiling water, xxxviii, 180. ---- ----, influence of iron cooled to a low red heat, xxix, 348. ---- ----, improvement in the manufacture of, _A. Eaton_, xii, 14. ---- ----, improvement in, reply to the same, xii, 232. ---- ----, made of thin plates not in contact, _W. Scoresby_, xxxiv, 398. ---- ----, oscillations of, differing near different metals, xv, 182. ---- ----, polarity and dip of, a remark on, xxix, 353. ---- ----, made to indicate the true north, xxvi, 90. ---- ----, on the connexion of the theory of the earth with the secular variations of, _J. H. Lathrop_, xxxviii, 68. ---- needles, best position of three, for mutual action, _H. Lloyd_, xxxviii, 96. ---- observations, a union of effort urged for carrying on, xviii, 380. ---- ----, great scheme for, by the Royal Society of London, xxxvii, 198. ---- ----, ibid, by British Association, xl, 335; xlii, 151; xliii, 374. ---- ----, in Russia and other countries, in progress, xlii, 153. ---- ----, coöperation of the Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences in a general system of, xxxix, 193. ---- ----, corresponding, by _A. D. Bache_ and _H. Lloyd_, xli, 260. ---- observatory at Dublin, xxxiv, 3. ---- poles, revolution of the two, xxix, 352. ---- polarity, notice of, _D. H. Barnes_, xiii, 70. ---- ----, reply to _D. H. Barnes_, xiv, 121. ---- ---- of rocks, xx, 198. ---- power of a galvanic battery, v, 388. ---- separating machine for magnetic ores of iron, used at Franconia, xviii, 289. ---- variation, daily, different in different places, xix, 189. ---- ----, at Perth, Scotland, xl, 342. ---- ----, at Paris, France, xxxi, 190. ---- ----, remarks on, _N. Bowditch_, xvi, 64. ---- ----, for the United States, _E. Loomis_, xxxiv, 290^f; xxxix, 41^f; xliii, 106. ---- ----, table made from observations at Boston, Falmouth and Penobscot, xvi, 60. ---- ----, at Providence, R. I., _M. B. Lockwood_, xliv, 314. ---- ----, at Troy, N. Y., xvii, 198. ---- ----, in some parts of New York State, xxxvi, 28. ---- ----, in Connecticut, _G. Gillet_, xxiii, 205. ---- ----, at Yale College, xxx, 221. ---- ----, at Westchester, Pa., observations by _A. D. Bache_, xxvii, 385.

Magnetism, animal, v, 192; xiii, 175. ----, _Davis's_ Manual of, xliii, 381. ---- of the earth, especially of the arctic regions, _E. Sabine_, xvii, 145.^f ---- ----, causes of, _B. F. Joslin_, xix, 398. ---- ----, views of _J. Hamilton_, xxxvii, 100. ---- ----, views of _S. L. Metcalf_, xxvii, 153. ---- ----, views of _Rowall_, xli, 41. ---- ----, effect of, on the precipitation of silver, xvi, 262. ---- chemical effects of, viii, 374. ----, supposed influence of, in combinations and crystallizations, by _O. L. Erdmann_, xviii, 395. ----, influence of, xvi, 262. ----, connexion of, with electricity, iii, 386.^f ----, connexion of, with heat and electricity, _J. F. Dana_, vi, 163. ----, ----, with light, _G. Gibbs_, i, 89. ----, ----, with geology, _J. Locke_, xlvii, 101. ----, conversion of, into electricity, xxii, 386. ----, currents and sparks of electricity from, _J. Henry_, xxii, 403. ----, destroyed by lightning, xii, 382. ----, Gauss's theory of, tested by observations, _E. Loomis_, xlvii, 278. ----, _Hansteen's_ discovery in, v, 190. ----, influence of heat on, xxii, 361. ---- of soft iron, acquired by induction, retained for some time if the armature is not removed, xxviii, 63. ----, molecular forces, on the disturbance of, by, _C. G. Page_, xxxiii, 118. ---- produced by friction, xix, 394. ---- ---- by a stroke of lightning, vi, 394. ---- ---- by voltaic electricity, iii, 383. ---- ---- by the solar rays, xiii, 171. ----, double helix for inducing, _C. G. Page_, xxxv, 261.^f

Magnetization, some phenomena of, _De Nairac_, xxvii, 401.^f

Magneto-electric apparatus, and experiments, _J. P. Emmet_, xxiv, 78^f; xxvi, 311; xxviii, 331. ---- - ---- ---- ----, _J. Henry_, xxviii, 331. ---- - ---- ---- ----, _E. M. Clarke_, xxxiii, 213.^f ---- - ---- ---- ----, _C. G. Page_, xxxiv, 163^f, 364^f; xxxv, 112^f, 252^f; xxxvii, 275^f; xlviii, 392. ---- - ---- ----, _O. W. Gibbs_, xxxix, 132. ---- - ---- ---- ----, _J. H. Abbot_, xl, 104.^f ---- - ---- electrepeter, _E. M. Clarke_, xxxiii, 224.^f ---- - ---- ----, _C. G. Page_, xxxv, 112.^f ---- - ---- electrotome, _C. G. Page_, xxxv, 112^f, 253.^f ---- - ----, formula, xxxv, 356.^f ---- - ---- multiplier, _C. G. Page_, xxxvii, 275.^f ---- - ---- shock increased by a long coil, _J. Henry_, xxviii, 331. ---- - ---- ---- increased by passing it through a portion of the generating magnet, _J. P. Emmet_, xxviii, 331.

Magneto-electricity, _J. Locke_, xxxiv, 125.^f

Magnetometer, new, _A. D. Bache_, xl, 380.

Magnolia grandiflora, xxvi, 314.

Mahogany, artificial, ix, 206.

Mahomet Ali, notice of, xxviii, 30.

Maine, geological reports of _C. T. Jackson_ on, noticed, xxxii, 193; xxxv, 387; xxxvi, 143; xxxvii, 376. ----, miscellaneous remarks on the geology of, _C. T. Jackson_, xxxiv, 69; --actual bituminization of peat, xxxiv, 73. ----, anthracite coal formation of, _C. T. Jackson_, xxxvi, 149. ----, dikes of trap, and metamorphic limestone, _C. T. Jackson_, xxxvi, 145, 147. ---- iron ore veins, _C. T. Jackson_, xxxvi, 147, 150. ----, changes of level in, _C. T. Jackson_, xxxvi, 154. ----, fossiliferous rocks near Moose river, xxxvii, 378.

Maine, list of some plants in, _J. W. Bailey_, xxxii, 22. ----, minerals of Freyburg and Paris, xviii, 291.

_Mairan_, on the Aurora Borealis, allusion to, xxix, 388; xxxii, 177; xxxiv, 288, 289.

Maize, from the graves of ancient Peruvians, germination of, ix, 208. ----, sugar from, xliv, 215.

Majorca, notice of a part of, xxvii, 83.

Malachite, in Connecticut, vi, 206, 232. ----, in Massachusetts, i, 115. ----, in New York, viii, 249. ----, in Pennsylvania, i, 236. ----, of Lake Superior copper mines, vii, 45.

Malacrone, a new mineral, xlix, 394.

Malaria, remarks on, xvii, 300; xviii, 339. ----, _T. Hopkins_ on, xxxvii, 196. ---- of the Campagna di Roma, xxii, 336.

Malate of lime, in sumach, _W. B. Rogers_, xxvii, 294.

Malic acid, _J. Liebig_, xxi, 156.

Malva Lecontii, xlv, 176. ---- Nutalloides, xxvi, 313. ---- triangulata, vii, 62.

Mammalia, fossil, in Great Britain, xlvii, 186. ----, see farther under _Zoology_.

Mammoth, first use of the name, xix, 388. ----, see farther under _Zoology_. ---- Cave, Ky., alabaster (gypsum in curved forms) in, _J. Locke_, xlii, 206.^f

Mandingo, native, from near the river Gambia, account of, xxxv, 305.

Manganese, separation of, from zinc, xlvii, 194; xlviii, 187. ----, commercial value of its ores, how ascertained, _E. Turner_, xxi, 364. ----, electricity of peroxide of, xxx, 179. ----, examination of the peroxide of, _H. C. Lea_, xlii, 81. ----, two sulphates of, xvi, 383. ---- ores, analyses of, _P. Berthier_, vii, 366. ---- ores, method of assaying, xxviii, 146. ---- ----, in Connecticut, phosphate, xiii, 196. ---- ores, in Maryland, iv, 283; xxvii, 20, 33. ---- ----, in Massachusetts, ii, 374; iv, 54, 189; vii, 253; viii, 30, 233; ix, 42; xxii, 61;--siliceous, vii, 251; ix, 22; xxii, 62. ---- ----, in New York, xlvi, 28. ---- ----, in N. Carolina, v, 258. ---- ----, in Nova Scotia, xv, 157. ---- ----, in Pennsylvania, iv, 38; xiv, 4, 12. ---- ----, in Rhode Island, viii, 231; ix, 248; xl, 185; --ferro-silicate, with a figure, _C. U. Shepard_, xvii, 142.^f ---- ----, in Virginia, iii, 245.

Manilla hemp, account of, xxi, 29; xli, 200.^f

_Mantell, G. A._, museum of, xxiii, 162^f; xxviii, 194. ----, ----, specimens from, noticed, xxviii, 197. ----, _C. Lyell's_ remarks at the presentation of the Wollaston medal to, xxviii, 391. ----, presentation of a microscope to, xliii, 206. ----, description of some fossil fruits, xlv, 401. ----, discovery of the Iguanodon, xxvii, 355.^f ----, notice of molluskite, xlv, 243. ----, on the geological age of reptiles, xxi, 359. ----, on the Unionidæ of the country of the Iguanodon, xlvii, 402.^f ----, on Zoophytes, xxxiii, 329. ----, Wonders of Geology, review of, xxxiv, 387; xxxix, 1. ----, letter to _J. Deane_, xlv, 189. ----, Medals of Creation, review of, xlviii, 105.

Manufactories of Lowell, xxvii, 346. ----, limitation of the labor of children in, xii, 194.

Manures, action of, _De la Giraudieu_, xxvi, 179. ----, action of gypsum in, xxvi, 181. ----, marl for, from Chesapeake Bay, xx, 411. ----, ----, from New Jersey, _J. Pierce_, vi, 237. ----, remarks on calcareous, xxx, 138, 383. ----, use of muriate of lime for, ix, 194.

Map of Maryland, 1835, xxx, 393; xxxii, 191. ---- of mountains, iii, 364.

Maps, on contoured, _Larcom_, xlvi, 394. ----, a mode of illustrating criminal statistics by, xxxi, 379.

Mapping instrument, xx, 159.

Maranta arundinacea, v, 302.

Marble, Carrara, an altered oolite, xxx, 176. ----, and flagstones, strength of, _E. Hodgkinson_, xliv, 168. ----, durability of, as compared with granite, xv, 168. ----, in Massachusetts, white, iv, 40; viii, 14; xxii, 28. ----, ----, clouded, viii, 14. ----, ----, dove colored, viii, 14. ----, ----, elastic, of Lanesboro' and West Stockbridge, viii, 15. ----, ----, ---- and flexible, of Berkshire, Co., ix, 241. ----, ----, tortuous layers of, viii, 28. ---- in Vermont, xxxv, 390. ---- in Connecticut, ii, 141, 165, 219, 222. ---- ----, verd antique in Connecticut, ii, 165. ---- in New York, at Hudson, transition, vi, 371. ---- ----, in the Stonybrook Mts., v, 29. ---- ----, serpentine, v, 29. ----, Potomac breccia, xxvi, 221; xxvii, 22. ----, of Maryland, xxvii, 24, 27. ---- ----, white, of Hagerstown, v, 264; xxvi, 222. ---- in Kentucky, iii, 234. ---- in Missouri, iii, 23. ----, yellow, of Tabriz, xxxvii, 355.

_Marcet, F._, influence of the moon on the weather, xxvii, 192. ----, boiling point in vessels of different materials, xlvii, 190.

Mariner's compass, the invention of, _A. Humboldt_, xl, 242.

Marl, apparatus for analyzing, _W. B. Rogers_, xxvii, 299.^f ---- from Farmington, Ct., analysis of, _E. Hitchcock_, xxxvi, 176. ---- in New York, iii, 237. ---- for manure, from near the Chesapeake Bay, xx, 411. ---- of New Jersey, identical with the chalk of England, _S. G. Morton_, xxii, 90. ---- ---- ----, analysis of, xvii, 277. ---- ---- ----, on the application of, to agriculture, _J. Pierce_, vi, 237. ----, shell, in Maryland, xxvii, 3. ---- beds of Virginia, xi, 54. ---- pits, in N. Carolina, organic remains of, _H. B. Croom_, xxvii, 168. ---- from Ashley river, S. C., composition of, _J. L. Smith_, xlviii, 101. ---- ---- ---- infusorial character of, _J. W. Bailey_, xlviii, 102. ---- in Wayne Co., Ohio, xxxi, 55. ----, red calcareous, in Texas, _J. L. Riddell_, xxxvii, 211.

Marmalite, description and analysis of, _T. Nuttall_, iv, 17, 19.

_Marsh, R._, meteorological register, xlix, 212.

Marsupial fossils of the Stonesfield slate, xxvii, 412; xxxvii, 228. ---- ----, see under _Zoology_.

Martha's Vineyard, notices of geology of, vii, 240.^f ---- ----, ibid, _C. Lyell_, xlvi, 318.

_Martin, A. St._, account of the opening into his stomach, and experiments on the gastric juice of, _W. Beaumont_, xxvi, 194.

_Martin, J._, on the central forces of bodies revolving about fixed axes, xxxix, 262.^f

_Martius, C. F. P. von_, on the spiritual life of plants, xl, 170. ----, works of, noticed, xlv, 217; xlviii, 207.

Maryland, Bare Hills, near Baltimore, _H. H. Hayden_, xxiv, 349.^f ----, minerals of, _G. W. Carpenter_, xiv, 1. ----, ---- of Baltimore and Harford Cos., _P. T. Tyson_, xviii, 78. ----, chromic iron of, iv, 321; xxiv, 349, 355; xxvii, 18, 20. ----, Appalachian chain in, _W. E. A. Aikin_, xxvi, 219.^f ----, notice of the Geological Report and Map of, _J. T. Ducatel_ and _J. H. Alexander_, xxvii, 1; xxx, 393; xxxii, 191. ----, Mastodon longirostris in, xliii, 143. ----, caves in, containing saltpetre, xxvii, 33. ----, coal in, _J. T. Ducatel_ and _J. H. Alexander_, xxvii, 29. ----, ----, chemical analysis of, ibid, xxvii, 31. ----, tertiary fossils of, _I. Lea_, xxv, 422. ----, infusoria in, xlvi, 137^f; xlviii, 201, 330.^f

_Mason, E. P._, micrometric measures of eclipse of the sun, Sept. 1838, xxxv, 174. ----, on some nebulæ, xl, 37. ----, obituary notice of, xl, 407; xliii, 381.

_Mason, O._, chemical examination of the bark of the white birch, xx, 282.

Masonite, description and analysis of, _C. T. Jackson_, xl, 186. ----, composition of, xlviii, 218.

Massachusetts, geology and mineralogy of a section of, with a part of New Hampshire and Vermont, including notices of rocks, soil, changes in the river, Indian relics at Deerfield, minerals, &c., _E. Hitchcock_, i, 105.^f ----, ibid of Connecticut valley, _E. Hitchcock_, vi, 1^f, 201^f; --granite, 2; granitic veins, 12; graphic granite, 16. ----, geology and mineralogy of Connecticut valley, _E. Hitchcock_, pseudomorphous granite, vi, 17; gneiss, 18; vii, 29; hornblende slate, vi, 20; mica slate, 22; talcose slate, 26; chlorite slate, 27; syenite, vi, 28; trap, 31, 44; argillite, 35; granular limestone, 37; sandstone, 39; fossil bones, 43; coal formations, 61; vii, 28; fossil fish, vi, 76; localities of various minerals, ores, &c. 201; vii, 30. ----, scenery of, and miscellaneous notices, _E. Hitchcock_, vii, 1; --Mount Holyoke, &c. 5, 9, 10; Bellows Falls, 12; Turner's Falls, 13; ancient lakes, 16; Sunderland cave, 19; Goshen graphic granite, 22^f; pseudomorphous granite, 22.^f ----, tabular arrangement of the rocks of, _E. Hitchcock_, vii, 24. ----, Report on the Geology of, _E. Hitchcock_, xxii, 1^f; --Economical Geology, giving an account of the soils from different rocks, &c., 1; useful rocks and minerals, 13; granite quarries, prices, &c., 14; gneiss quarries, &c., 18; quartz rock, 22; mica and talcose slate, 23; limestone, 24; marble, 28; serpentine, 29; steatite or soapstone, 31; slates, clays, peat, &c., 23, 38; buhrstone, 40; coal, 41; graphite, 46; mineral waters, 47; metals and their ores, 50. ----, ---- (second) on the Economical Geology of, including remarks on soils and modes of analysis adopted by _S. L. Dana_, xxxvi, 363. ----, ---- on the Geology of, noticed, xxiii, 389; xxvi, 213; xxxvi, 363; xli, 384. ----, Report on the water courses, terraces, ancient lakes, and the alluvial and rock formations of, _A. Smith_, xxii, 205.^f ----, geology and mineralogy of the vicinity of Williams College, Williamstown, including notices of the Taconic range, of granite, gneiss, quartz, granular limestone, and other rocks and minerals, _C. Dewey_, i, 337.^f ----, ---- and mineralogy of western, including a small part of the adjoining states, _C. Dewey_, viii, 1^f, 240; --granite, 4; gneiss, 5; mica slate, 6; trap and hornblende rocks, 9; syenite, 10; serpentine, 11; granular limestone, 13; quartz rock, 16; argillaceous slate, &c., 18; dip and course, 27; ores and minerals, 30, 243; alternations of mica slate and granular limestone, 15, 240. ----, geology of the vicinity of Lowell, xxvii, 340. ----, ---- Hampshire Co., with an account of the lead mines, _A. Nash_, xii, 238.^f ----, ---- Martha's Vineyard and the Elizabeth Islands, vii, 240^f; xlvi, 318. ----, granite veins and beds of Chester, _E. Emmons_, viii, 250.^f ----, coal in, _E. Hitchcock_, vi, 61; vii, 28; xxii, 41; xxxvi, 377. ----, ----, at Wrentham, xxiii, 405. ----, ----, at Mansfield, _C. T. Jackson_, xxxiv, 395. ----, ----, probable age of, _C. Lyell_, xlvii, 214. ----, footprints in sandstone of, see _Footprints_. ----, fossil fish of, _E. Hitchcock_, iii, 222, 365; vi, 76.^f ----, cave in Mount Toby, i, 111. ----, caves in Western, viii, 15. ----, mineral localities, _C. Dewey_, i, 337; viii, 1. ----, ---- ----, _E. Hitchcock_, i, 112; vi, 201; vii, 30; xiv, 215. ----, ---- ---- of Chesterfield and Goshen, _G. Gibbs_, i, 346. ----, ---- ---- of Charlestown quarries, _J. E. Teschemacher_, xxxviii, 194. ----, ---- ----, see farther under the names of the different minerals. ----, steatite or soapstone in, xxii, 31; xxvii, 341, (see _Steatite_.) ---- lead mines, vi, 204; ix, 166, 249; xii, 238^f; xxii, 56. ---- iron ores, v, 20; vi, 208, 209; x, 14; xxii, 50; xxxvi, 378. ----, tin in, xvi, 188; xxii, 62. ----, indications of gold in, xxii, 63. ----, graphite or plumbago in, vi, 248; viii, 54; x, 18; xviii, 377; xxii, 46. ----, ---- of Worcester, probable age of, _C. Lyell_, xlvii, 214. ----, statistical tables of, xxxiv, 213. ----, ---- ---- of Boston, xxxix, 395. ----, Indian relics, at Deerfield, i, 108. ----, Mount Holyoke, height of, i, 112. ----, latitude and longitude of Deerfield, i, 112. ----, Lebanon mineral spring, viii, 21.

Mastodon, tooth of, _J. Wyman_, xxxix, 53. ----, dental system, xl, 377. ---- remains, in Connecticut, at Berlin, xxvii, 165. ---- ----, ----, at Cheshire, xiv, 187. ---- ----, in New York, near Rochester, xix, 358^f; xxxiii, 201. ---- ----, ----, in Orange Co., xxxi, 171. ---- ----, in New Jersey, _J. Van Rensselaer_, xi, 246. ---- ----, in Virginia, Wythe Co., xxvii, 352. ---- ----, ----, geological age of, xxvii, 352. ---- ----, in North Carolina marl pits, Craven Co., _H. B. Croom_, xxvii, 168. ---- ----, in Ohio, near Massillon, xxx, 394; xxxi, 56. ---- ----, ----, in Crawford Co., _J. W. Foster_, xxxvi, 189.^f ---- ----, ----, in Pickaway Co., _C. Atwater_, ii, 245^f; xxv, 256. ---- ----, in Tennessee, near Nashville, xxvii, 354. ---- ----, Big Bone Lick, Ky., and elsewhere, geological position of, _C. Lyell_, xlvi, 320. ---- ----, in Missouri, iii, 22; xxxvii, 191. ---- ----, ----, Gasconade Co., xxxvi, 199. ---- ----, ----, bones from near St. Louis, obtained by _A. Koch_, xl, 56. ---- skeleton, found on the Morris canal, xiv, 188. ---- ----, found on the Delaware and Hudson canal, xiv, 31. ---- longirostris in Maryland, xliii, 143. ---- tooth, in Louisiana, _W. M. Carpenter_, xxxiv, 201.

Matches, kindling without fire, i, 308. ----, lucifer, by whom first made, xviii, 148.

Mathematics, review of the Cambridge course of, v, 304.

Mathematical instrument, short notice of a new, iv, 377. ---- problems, _T. Strong_, ii, 54^f, 266.^f

_Mather, W. W._, mode of obtaining aluminium and magnesium, xx, 408. ----, chloride of aluminium and its analysis, xxvii, 241. ----, hydrated chloride of aluminium, xxvii, 253. ----, solubility of bitungstate of ammonia, xxvii, 264. ----, disulphuret of bismuth, xxiv, 189; xxvii, 264. ----, bromine and iodine in the salt springs of Ohio, xlix, 211. ----, new method of cupellation, xxxv, 321. ----, Georgia gold, xxvii, 255. ----, crystalline form of iodine, xviii, 84.^f ----, ibid, of xanthite, xviii, 359.^f ----, amalgam of platinum, xxvii, 263. ----, iodide of mercury, xxvii, 263. ----, chloriodide of platinum, xxvii, 258. ----, perchloride of platinum, xxvii, 262. ----, iodide of potassium and platinum, xxvii, 257. ----, reduction of iron and silver ores, and on some Mexican and S. American silver mines, xxiv, 213. ----, silver of Lane's mine, Connecticut, xxvii, 256. ----, crystallized tin from solution, xxvii, 254. ----, non-conducting power of water, in relation to heat, xiii, 368.^f ----, instrument for measuring the expansion of solids, xxx, 324.^f ----, on the possible variation of the length of the day, xlvi, 344. ----, a geological section through a part of Connecticut from Killingly to Haddam, xxi, 94.^f ----, geology of the Highlands of New York, xxi, 97. ----, geological survey of Ohio, xxxiv, 196, 347; xl, 126. ----, physical geology of the U. States, east of the Rocky Mountains, xlix, 1, 284. ----, elevation of sedimentary rocks of United States, causes of, xlix, 284. ----, protest with reference to G. W. Featherstonhaugh, xxxiii, 205.

Matter, infinite divisibility of, _E. Adams_, xxviii, 163. ----, ---- ----, _S. Clark_, ix, 356. ----, ---- ----, _W. Whewell_, xxxviii, 113. ----, ---- ----, xxxix, 55.^f ----, heavy, demonstration of, _W. Whewell_, xlii, 264. ----, ----, reply to _W. Whewell_ on, _R. Hare_, xlii, 260. ----, motion the natural state of, xvi, 151. ----, on the vitality of, xv, 54.

_Matteucci, C._, on electric currents in the nerves, xlix, 387. ----, on animal electricity, xxi, 157; xxxii, 198; xlix, 388. ----, on the decomposition of metallic salts, xx, 187. ----, influence of heat on magnetism, xxii, 361. ----, on atmospheric electricity, xxx, 376.

Mauch Chunk, river, canal and coal region, _B. Silliman_, xix, 7.^f ----, notice of, xx, 163.

Mauna Loa, Hawaii, character of, xvi, 346. ---- ---- and Mauna Kea, Sandwich Islands, xi, 4. ---- ----, see farther under _Volcano_.

_Mauran, J._, improved instrument for venous injection, xxiii, 114.^f

_Maury, M. F._, description of an alembic for distilling amalgam of gold, xxxiii, 66.^f ----, on the gold veins of the U. States mine near Fredericksburg, Va., xxxii, 325. ----, on the navigation of Cape Horn, xxvi, 54. ----, on the Gulf Stream and currents of the sea, xlvii, 161. ----, instrument for finding the true lunar distance, xxvi, 63.^f

_Meade, W._, mineral cabinet of, xxvi, 209. ----, on the coal near Tioga river, Penn., xiii, 32. ----, on the anthracites of Europe and America, xii, 75. ----, on the use of anthracite in the making of brick, xviii, 118. ----, mica for spectacle glasses, xviii, 374. ----, analogy of the minerals of northern Europe and N. America, xii, 303. ----, on the artificial preparation of medicinal waters, xxii, 126, 330. ----, on a now mineral spring near Albany, xiii, 145. ----, ibid, at Pittsburgh, xiv, 124. ----, analysis of Lebanon spring, xxxvi, 7. ----, idocrase in New England, vii, 50.

Meal from leguminous fruits, vii, 189.

_Mease, J._, on spontaneous combustion, xxxiii, 147, 199. ----, on bills of mortality, xli, 306. ----, on some of the vegetable materials from which cordage, twine and thread, are made, xxi, 27. ---- and _H. Perrine_, on the plants used for cordage, xxv, 330. ----, on descents in diving bells, xxii, 327.

Measure of a French metre compared with an English yard, xxi, 382.

Mécanique Céleste, translated by _N. Bowditch_, xix, 202; xxxv, 17.

Mechanics, analytic, a new general principle of, _Jacobi_, xliv, 170. ----, experiment in, xxii, 362. ----, review of _Allen's_, xvii, 338.

Meconic acid, _R. Hare_, xii, 293.

Meconine, remarks on, xxiii, 380.

Medals, remarks on, xxvii, 74. ---- and coins, _J. Allan_, xxxvii, 285. ---- ----, _J. W. Draper_ on, xxix, 157. ---- of New Haven, _J. Allan_, xxxvii, 285. ----, antique, found near Geneva, xx, 391. ---- founded by _De Lalande_, xxv, 190. ---- offered by the Royal Society of London, xxv, 412. Medal of the Royal Society of London, conferred on C. Lyell, xxx, 174. ----, Wollaston, conferred on L. Agassiz, xxx, 382. ----, Geographical Society, awarded to E. Robinson, xliii, 404. ----, Thomson's scientific, xviii, 198.

Medical electricity, _J. Hall_, iii, 168. ---- School of South Carolina organized, ix, 392.

Medina sandstone, freshwater fossils not occurring in, xlii, 230.

Medusa, fossil, _C. S. Rafinesque_, iii, 285.^f

Megalonyx, _R. Owen_, xliv, 342. ----, localities of, in the U. States, xxvii, 353; xlv, 209.

Megatherium, no bony armor to, xxxvii, 371. ----, remains of, in Indiana, _R. Haymond_, xlvi, 294. ----, of Georgia, xxvii, 353. ----, of New Jersey, _R. Harlan_, xiv, 187. ----, of Patagonia, xxxiii, 105.

Melam, _J. Liebig_, xxix, 372.

Melamine, xxix, 372.

Melanite of Franklin furnace, N. J., analysis of, _H. Seybert_, viii, 300.

Mellon, _J. Liebig_, xxix, 371.

_Melloni, M._, investigations on heat, xxiii, 185; xl, 313. ----, on radiant heat and diathermancy, xxvii, 228.

Melville Island, rocks of, xvii, 10.

Memoir, see _Obituary_.

Memory, the process of, _I. Orr_, xxiii, 278. ----, loss of, from the use of gin, xxvi, 211.

Menardite, supposed new mineral, from Spain, xii, 385.

Mengite, xxvi, 388; xxxix, 249.

Mental aberration as connected with civilization, xxii, 379.

Mercapian, _Zeise_, xxix, 368.

Mercurial atmosphere, iii, 385.

Mercury, atomic weight of, xvi, 183; xlviii, 402. ----, amalgam of, _W. W. Mather_, xxvii, 263. ----, congelation of, vii, 192. ----, method of detecting small quantities of, vii, 392. ----, combination of, with metallic wires, xvii, 375. ----, elastic force of the vapor of, _M. Avogadro_, xxiv, 286. ----, on the vaporization of, in nitric ether, _S. Guthrie_, xxi, 90. ----, germination on, xix, 202. ----, passage of, from a vessel through a bar of lead bent like a syphon, xxxviii, 180. ----, iodide of, _W. W. Mather_, xxvii, 263. ----, compounds of, _Donovan_, ii, 350. ----, sesqui-sulphate of, xviii, 364. ---- mines of Spain, xxviii, 21. ---- ---- of Idria, xxix, 219.

Mercury, observations on the transit of, May, 1845, _D. Olmsted_, xlix, 142.

Meridian, measurement of, v, 190. ----, length of a degree of, _T. J. Cram_, xxxi, 222.^f ----, formula for the establishment of a true, xxv, 261.^f

Merino sheep, v, 189.

Mermaid, ii, 178; vi, 195.

Mesotype in N. Hampshire, xviii, 133. ---- in New Jersey, v, 239; xl, 69.

Metagallic acid, _Pelouze_, xxviii, 126.

Metals, action of, on inflammable gases, xvii, 168. ----, apparatus for combustion of metals in chlorine, xiv, 354.^f ----, crystallization of, by galvanic influence, _G. Bird_, xxxiii, 267. ----, distribution of, according to their electric qualities, _J. P. Emmet_, xxv, 272. ----, electro-chemical reduction of, _Becquerel_, xxxi, 164. ----, electro-precipitated, structure of, xlix, 390. ----, letters on, permanent after fusion, xxv, 197. ----, reduction of, by azote, xix, 371. ----, singular modifications of the ordinary action of nitric acid on, xxxiii, 286. ----, solubility of, in persulphate and perchloride of iron, _J. Napier_, xlviii, 190. ----, new, aurum millium, ii, 363. ----, ----, didymium, xliii, 404. ----, ----, donium, xxxi, 163. ----, ----, erythronium, supposed new, xx, 386. ----, ----, lanthanium, xxxvii, 192. ----, ----, pelopium and niobium, xlviii, 400. ----, ----, ruthenium, xlviii, 401. ----, ----, selenium, i, 310. ----, ----, thorium, xvii, 381. ----, ----, vanadium, xx, 386. ----, sulphurets, new method of precipitating, xlvii, 193.

Metallic casting, vii, 190. ---- decompositions by phosphuretted hydrogen, xviii, 403. ---- salts, _C. Matteucci_ on the decomposition of, xx, 187. ---- vegetation, ii, 349. ---- wires and springs, on tempering, xx, 393.

Metalliferous veins, course of, and origin, _R. W. Fox_, xxxi, 373. ---- ----, electro-magnetic properties of, xx, 136.

Metamorphic changes at the Lipari Islands, xxxiii, 77. ---- agency, as indicated by certain crystals in some rocks in N. York, &c., _L. C. Beck_, xlv, 143; xlvi, 333. ---- changes in iron ore by trap dikes, in Nova Scotia, xv, 212. ---- ---- by artificial heat in a sandstone, _E. Emmons_, xlv, 146. ---- ---- by heat, through the medium of heated water, _J. D. Dana_, xlv. 104. ---- ----, by dikes, _J. D. Dana_, xlv, 113. ---- origin of granite, _R. H. Bonnycastle_, xxx, 245. ---- granite, _J. D. Dana_, xlv, 108. ---- limestone, Carrara marble an instance of, xxx, 176. ---- limestones, Maine, _C. T. Jackson_, xxxvi, 146. ---- rocks of N. Hampshire, notice of, _C. T. Jackson_, xlv, 145.

Metamorphism, related to pseudomorphism, xlviii, 92. ----, heated water an agency in, _B. Silliman_, xliii, 247.

Meteors, instances of some remarkable, _D. Olmsted_, xxvi, 133. ---- seen in Canada, April, 1840, xxxix, 383. ---- seen in Connecticut, Dec. 14, 1837, _E. C. Herrick_, xxxvii, 130. ---- ---- ----, at New Haven, March, 1813, _S. E. Dwight_, xiii, 35. ---- ---- ----, at New Haven, March 31 and April 1, 1826, _A. C. Twining_, xi, 184. ---- ---- ----, at New Haven, May, 1840, xxxix, 382. ---- ---- at Boston and N. Haven, in Nov., 1841, xliii, 399. ---- ---- in England, Nov. 26, 1758, xxxv, 231. ---- ---- ----, August 18, 1783, xxxv, 231. ---- ---- in Greece, xxxix, 381. ---- ---- in Illinois, in day time, Aug. 20, 1836, xxxiii, 402. ---- ---- in Maine, Aug. 7, 1823, vii, 170. ---- ---- in Massachusetts, near Boston, October, 1689, xliii, 399. ---- ---- in New Hampshire, at Rochester, 1837, xxxiii, 200. ---- ---- in New York, of a green color, Feb. 11, 1828, _B. D. Silliman_, xiv, 199. ---- ---- in North Carolina, at Fayetteville, xlix, 408. ---- ---- in Vermont, at Burlington, April 14, 1826, _G. W. Benedict_, xi, 120. ---- ---- in West Indies, at Antigua, xxxix, 381. ----, combustible, in Moscow, March, 1832, xxvi, 134. ----, gelatinous, account of, ii, 335. ----, ----, _E. Hitchcock_, xxv, 362. ----, ----, in 1718, in India, xxvi, 133. ----, ----, in 1796, in Lusatia, xxvi, 133. ----, called inflammable snow, _Hermann_, xxviii, 361. ----, mucilaginous, xlvii, 197. ----, theory of, _W. G. Reynolds_, i, 266. ----, see farther, _Shooting star_.

Meteoric iron, on chlorine in, _C. T. Jackson_, xxxiv, 332; xlviii, 145. ---- ----, ibid, _A. A. Hayes_, xlviii, 147. ---- ----, ibid, _C. U. Shepard_, xxxvi, 81; xl, 369; xliii, 359. ---- ---- in Africa, xxxvi, 213. ---- ---- in Europe, Bohemia, found in 1829, xix, 384. ---- ---- ----, in France, xxxiii, 257. ---- ---- ----, at Magdebourg, xxviii, 288. ---- ----, North American, in Alabama, Claiborne Co., analysis of, _C. T. Jackson_, xxxiv, 332. ---- ----, ----, ibid, _C. T. Jackson_ and _A. A. Hayes_, xlviii, 145. ---- ----, ----, in Alabama, xliii, 169. ---- ----, ----, in Alabama and Tennessee, _G. Troost_, xlix, 336.^f ---- ----, ----, in Connecticut, Canaan, (? _called_ native iron,) xii, 154. ---- ----, ----, ibid, analysis of, _C. U. Shepard_, xii, 155. ---- ----, ----, in Mexico, _Burkart_, xxviii, 288. ---- ----, ----, in N. York, near Oswego, _C. U. Shepard_, xl, 366.^f ---- ----, ----, ----, near Lockport, _B. Silliman, Jr._, xlviii, 388.^f ---- ----, ----, ----, at Burlington, _B. Silliman, Jr._, xlvi, 401. ---- ----, ----, in North Carolina, (_called_ native iron,) v, 262. ---- ----, ----, ----, _C. U. Shepard_, xvii, 140. ---- ----, ----, ----, Buncombe Co., _C. U. Shepard_, xxxvi, 81; xliii, 359. ---- ----, ----, ----, Guilford Co., _C. U. Shepard_, xl, 369. ---- ----, ----, in Tennessee, description and analysis of, _G. Troost_, xxxviii, 250. ---- ----, ----, ibid, analysis of, _C. U. Shepard_, xliii, 354. ---- ----, ----, in Tennessee, _G. Troost_, xlix, 336.^f ---- ----, ----, of Texas, account of, viii, 218; xxxiii, 257. ---- ----, ----, ----, analysis of, _C. U. Shepard_, xvi, 217. ---- ----, ----, ----, a mass, presented to Yale College, xxvii, 382. ---- ----, ----, in Virginia, xliii, 169. ---- ----, South American, near Bogota, ix, 194. ---- ----, see farther under _Meteorite_. ---- phenomena, _Adie's_ mode of registering, xxviii, 70. ---- rain in Hungary, terrestrial origin of, xliii, 401. ---- shower of grain, xli, 40. ---- ---- of fish, xli, 40.

Meteorites, on the nature and origin of, _J. Berzelius_, xxxvii, 93. ----, ---- ibid, _J. L. Ideler_, xxviii, 288. ----, ---- ibid, _Fleurian de Bellevue_, v, 170. ----, African, Cold Bokkeveld, notice of, xxxvi, 393; xl, 199. ----, ----, ibid, analysis of, xxxvii, 190. ----, in Asia, Hindoostan, 1834, xxx, 175. ----, in Europe, France, in the Commune of Juvenas, 1821, v, 175. ----, ----, ----, ibid, analysis of, vi, 397. ----, ----, ----, in the Dept. of Loiret, 1841, xlii, 203. ----, ----, ----, of Chateau-Renard, characters and analysis of, xlii, 403. ----, ----, ----, near Bethune, xlii, 203. ----, ----, in Moravia, 1833, xxx, 175. ----, ----, in Silesia, at Grüneberg, xlii, 203. ----, in _North America_, ----, ----, Connecticut, at Weston, analysis of, i, 273. ----, ----, ----, ibid, some considerations on its velocity, course, &c., _E. C. Herrick_, xxxvii, 132. ----, ----, Georgia, May, 1829, notice of the fall of, xviii, 388. ----, ----, ----, May, 1829, description of, xviii, 389. ----, ----, Maine, August, 1823, analysis of, ix, 400. ----, ----, Maryland, February, 1825, notice of, _S. D. Carver_, ix, 351. ----, ----, ----, ibid, analysis of, _G. Chilton_, x, 131. ----, ----, ----, ibid, description of, x, 135. ----, ----, Massachusetts, East Bridgewater, May 5, 1837, xxxii, 395. ----, ----, Missouri, February, 1839, _E. C. Herrick_, xxxvii, 385. ----, ----, Tennessee, fall of, at Nashville, xv, 358; xviii, 378. ----, ----, ----, 1827, analysis of, xvii, 326. ----, ----, ----, ibid, general characters of, xviii, 200. ----, ----, Virginia, Richmond, June 4, 1828, xv, 195. ----, ----, ----, ibid, description and analysis of, _C. U. Shepard_, xvi, 191. ----, ----, ----, apatite in, _C. U. Shepard_, xlv, 102. ----, ----, ----, Grayson Co., xliii, 169. ----, in South America, Brazil, xxxiv, 209. ----, Sandwich Islands, xlix, 407.

Meteorological correspondence of _Morin_, xxvii, 172. ---- facts and phenomena, review of various, _W. C. Redfield_, xxv, 122; xxxiii, 50. ---- memoranda, ancient, xlii, 399. ---- observations, rules for making, _C. Dewey_, xi, 59. ---- ----, mode of making at the Albany Institute, &c., xxx, 194. ---- ----, balloons a means of making, _D. Brewster_, xlii, 150. ---- ---- made at the equinoxes and solstices, report on the reduction of, before the British Association, 1840, xl, 311. ---- ---- ibid, report of progress, xlii, 149. ---- ----, on the progress of the great coöperative system of, _J. F. W. Herschel_, xliii, 372. ---- ----, in Asia, at Canton, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxviii, 267, 272. ---- ----, ----, at Singapore, 1839-1841, _J. S. Travelli_, xliv, 151. ---- ----, ----, at Trevandrum, hourly, notice of, xl, 322. ---- ----, ----, in the Ghâts of Western India, xxxviii, 103. ---- ----, in England, at Plymouth, hourly, notice of a report on, xlii, 149; xliii, 369. ---- ----, ----, hourly, at Inverness and Kingussie, some deductions from, _D. Brewster_, xxxviii, 95; xl, 321. ---- ----, ----, hourly, at Inverness and Unst, in progress, xlii, 150. ---- ----, North American, in Canada, at Montreal, _J. S. McCord_, for 1836, xxxiv, 208. ---- ----, ----, ibid, for 1837, xxxv, 382. ---- ----, ----, ibid, for 1838, xxxvi, 180.

Meteorological observations, North American, in Canada, at Montreal, _J. S. McCord_, for 1836-1840, xli, 330. ---- ----, ----, at Newfoundland, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxviii, 265, 269. ---- ----, ----, New England, ancient, xliii, 398. ---- ----, ----, in Connecticut, at New Haven, 1766, 1767, xxviii, 183. ---- ----, ----, ibid, for 1827, _D. Olmsted_, xiv, 176. ---- ----, ----, ibid, for 1828, _D. Olmsted_, xvi, 70. ---- ----, ----, in Cuba, at San Fernando, _J. H. Blake_, xlii, 292. ---- ----, ----, in Cuba, at Matanzas, 1832-33, _A. Mallory_, xxvi, 89; 1835, xxxi, 287. ---- ----, ----, in U. States, at different military posts, by surgeons of the army, xii, 149. ---- ----, ----, in New England, in the years 1741 to 1757, _J. Winthrop_, xl, 204. ---- ----, ----, in Florida, 1833, _H. B. Croom_, xxv, 69. ---- ----, ----, in Georgia, 1832-33, _W. H. Williams_, xxv, 211. ---- ----, ----, ----, 1833-34, xxvii, 173. ---- ----, ----, in Indiana, _D. D. Owen_, xxix, 294. ---- ----, ----, in Louisiana, at New Orleans, 1833-1836, _Barton_, xxxi, 400. ---- ----, ----, ----, at Jackson, 1839-1841, _W. M. Carpenter_, xliv, 49. ---- ----, ----, in Michigan, at Sault de St. Marie, _L. Foot_, ix, 171. ---- ----, ----, in Missouri, at St. Louis, xxxii, 386. ---- ----, ----, in Massachusetts, at Deerfield, _E. Hitchcock_, iv, 333. ---- ----, ----, ----, at Westfield, 1825, xii, 119. ---- ----, ----, ----, at Boston, 1820-29, xx, 264. ---- ----, ----, ----, at New Bedford, 1830, xx, 162; 1831, xxii, 188. ---- ----, ----, in New Hampshire, at Dartmouth College, xxviii, 179. ---- ----, ----, in New York, 1833-34, _W. C. Redfield_, xxviii, 154. ---- ----, ----, ----, in N. Y. city, 1838 and 1839, with the mean results for the last seven years, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxviii, 323. ---- ----, ----, ----, for May, 1834, at Cazenovia, _J. Johnston_, (therm., winds, weather,) xxvi, 398. ---- ----, ----, ----, at Brooklyn, for 1829, xvii, 409. ---- ----, ----, ----, at Penn Yan, 1834, _H. P. Sartwell_, xxviii, 187. ---- ----, ----, New Jersey, at Middletown, _J. F. Jenkins_, 1831, 1832, xxii, 394; 1832-34, xxvi, 395. ---- ----, ----, in North Carolina, at Chapel Hill, _D. Olmsted_, x, 294. ---- ----, ----, in Ohio, kept at Marietta, _S. P. Hildreth_, 1826, xii, 213. ---- ----, ----, ----, ibid, 1827, xiv, 63. ---- ----, ----, ----, ibid, 1828, xvi, 44. ---- ----, ----, ----, ibid, 1829, xviii, 368. ---- ----, ----, ----, ibid, 1830, xx, 126. ---- ----, ----, ----, ibid, 1831, xxii, 109. ---- ----, ----, ----, ibid, 1832, xxiv, 132. ---- ----, ----, ----, ibid, 1833, xxvi, 84. ---- ----, ----, ----, ibid, 1834, xxviii, 160. ---- ----, ----, ----, ibid, 1835, xxx, 56. ---- ----, ----, ----, ibid, 1836, xxxii, 95. ---- ----, ----, ----, ibid, 1837, xxxiv, 132. ---- ----, ----, ----, ibid, 1838, xxxvi, 78. ---- ----, ----, ----, ibid, 1839, xxxviii, 273. ---- ----, ----, ----, ibid, 1840, xl, 345. ---- ----, ----, ----, ibid, 1841, xlii, 344. ---- ----, ----, ----, ibid, 1842, xliv, 347. ---- ----, ----, ----, ibid, 1843, xlvi, 277. ---- ----, ----, ----, ibid, 1844, xlviii, 287. ---- ----, ----, ----, at Western Reserve College, Sept.-Nov., 1838, _E. Loomis_, xxxvi, 166. ---- ----, ----, ----, at Hudson, for the years 1838, 1839, 1840, _E. Loomis_, xli, 310. ---- ----, ----, ----, ibid, 1841-1844, xlix, 266. ---- ----, ----, ----, at Steubenville, 1844, _R. Marsh_, xlix, 212. ---- ----, ----, in Oregon, or west of the Rocky Mountains, _A. Eaton_, from _J. Ball_, xxv, 351. ---- ----, ----, ----, at Fort Vancouver, _J. Ball_, 1832, '33, xxviii, 9. ---- ----, ----, in Vermont, Fayetteville, _M. Field_, xii, 364; xvi, 288; xviii, 366; xx, 261^f; xxii, 298; xxiv, 361. ---- ----, ----, in Wisconsin, at Fort Winnebago, xxx, 13. ---- ----, South American, in Colombia, 1820, 1830, _R. Wright_, xxxvii, 1. ---- ----, ----, at Rio Janeiro, _J. Gardner_, xlvii, 290. ---- ----, at sea, on a voyage from Liverpool to New York, v, 137. ---- ----, ----, on board the United States ship Peacock, _W. S. W. Ruschenberger_, xxxiii, 345. ---- ----, ----, on board the United States ship Erie, 1834, between New York and Rio Janeiro, xxix, 237. ---- ----, (electro-) _J. Swaim_, xxxii, 304.^f ---- ----, see farther, _Floral calendar_. ----, tables, _J. de Wallestein_, ix, 394.

Meteorology, _J. D. Forbes_ on the progress of, xl, 318.

Metre, French, compared with an English yard, xxi, 382.

Mexican Andes, ascent of Popocatepetl, xxviii, 220.

Mexico, geological character, climate, uses of obsidian, &c. in, xvi, 160. ----, geological remarks relating to, _W. Maclure_, xx, 406. ----, discovery of mummies near Durango, xxxvi, 200. ----, silver mines of, xxiv, 226. ----, meteoric iron at Charcas, xxviii, 288.

Mica, containing potash and lithia, xxxvii, 356. ----, analyses of lepidolite and a yellow, xxxvii, 361. ----, of Chester, Mass., crystallization of, viii, 250.^f ----, use of, in chemical analyses, xxiv, 373. ----, black, a substitute for glass in spectacles, xviii, 374. ----, models of crystals made of, xxxviii, 187. ----, in Canada, viii, 67. ----, in Connecticut, i, 353;--plumose, vi, 251. ----, in Massachusetts, i, 113; ii, 237; iv, 55 (green); vii, 255; viii, 41, 235;--prismatic, v, 399; vii, 30, 255; viii, 41; xiv, 219; --rose, i, 350; v, 265. ----, in New Hampshire, v, 40; xvii, 357. ----, in New Jersey, v, 246; vi, 250. ----, in New York, iv, 37; v, 29; ix, 40, 251; xxi, 326. ----, in Pennsylvania, ix, 45; xiv, 5, 13. ----, in Virginia, v, 257. ----, slate, association with granite, in Massachusetts, and relative age, vi, 4. ----, ----, varieties in the Connecticut valley, vi, 22. ----, ----, minerals of, vi, 24. ----, ----, in western Massachusetts, viii, 6, 240. ----, ----, relation to gneiss, viii, 6. ----, ----, conglomerated, in Windsor, Mass., viii, 7. ----, ----, contorted, viii, 253. ----, ----, minerals of, viii, 7. ----, ----, alternations with granular limestone, ii, 211; viii, 15, 240, 252. ----, ----, containing rounded pebbles of quartz, in Massachusetts, viii, 244.

Mice, habits of, xlvi, 242.

_Michaux, André_, notice of, _A. Gray_, xlii, 2. ----, notice of his botanical labors, ix, 266. ----, the younger, notice of, xlii, 10.

Michigan, notice of the peninsula of, in relation to its topography, scenery, agriculture, population, resources and productions, _J. Pierce_, x, 304. ----, Indians of, _J. Pierce_, x, 313. ----, rocks of, xl, 136. ----, mining region of, _D. Houghton_, xli, 183. ----, Geological Reports on, of _D. Houghton_, noticed, xxxiv, 190; xl, 136. ----, geological and mineralogical observations on the northwest portion of Lake Huron; _J. I. Bigsby_, iii, 254.^f ----, geological and mineralogical observations of the region about Fort Winnebago, _D. Ruggles_, xxx, 1.^f ----, native copper and ores of, _D. Houghton_, xli, 185; xlv, 331, 332. ----, ---- ---- ibid, _D. Ruggles_, xlix, 64.^f ----, ---- ----, of Lake Superior, _H. R. Schoolcraft_, iii, 201.^f ----, ---- ---- and silver, of Kewenaw Point, _C. T. Jackson_, xlix, 81. ----, Lake, height of, xlv, 16; xlvi, 259, 260.

Microlite, _C. U. Shepard_, xxvii, 361; xxxii, 338; xliii, 116; xlviii, 176. ----, identical with pyrochlore, _J. E. Teschemacher_ and _A. A. Hayes_, xliii, 33. ----, reply to, ibid, by _C. U. Shepard_, xliii, 116; xlviii, 176. ----, analysis of, _A. A. Hayes_, xlvi, 158.

Micrometers, artificial spider's web for, xv, 183.

Microscope, on improvements in, _E. Thomas_, xix, 57.^f ----, on the achromatic, _E. Thomas_, xx, 265.^f ----, monochromatic lamp of _D. Brewster_ for, vii, 363. ---- and microscopical observations, notice of, xli, 205.

Microscopic life, see _Infusoria_, and _Zoology_.

Migration of birds, note on, x, 192. ---- ----, of North America, _J. Bachman_, xxx, 81.

Mildew, prevention of, iii, 385.

Milk, mode of preserving indefinitely, xviii, 152. ----, use of, in dropsy, xxiv, 209. ----, facts from _Barruel_ respecting the milk sold in Paris, xvii, 378.

Milk tree of Venezuela, xix, 373.

Milking, principle of the balance applied to, _H. Strait_, xxvii, 92.^f

Milkweed, Asclepias Syriaca, a substitute for flax, xxvii, 384. ----, on the fibre of, xxviii, 380.

_Miller, E._, canals of Pennsylvania, xxv, 84; xxvi, 108. ----, on tracing oval arches, xxii, 303.^f

Millet's smoke disperser, xvii, 164.

Milo, catacombs of, xvi, 331.^f ----, caves of, containing alum, xvi, 334.

Mines, depth of different, xxix, 374. ----, wire ropes for deep, xxxv, 319. ----, general remarks on the positions of, _Taylor_, xxxiv, 9. ---- of Pasco, S. A., xvii, 43.^f ---- of the Hartz, and mode of working, xix, 113. ---- of Idria, xxix, 219. ---- of Michigan, position of, _D. Houghton_, xli, 183. ---- of Russia, see under _Russia_. ---- of Spain, xxviii, 17, 21, 144. ---- of Tokat, xxxvii, 352. ----, see farther, under names of _Countries_, _Metals_ and _Minerals_.

Minerals, new fluids in cavities of, detected by _D. Brewster_, xii, 214. ----, optical structure of, ix, 384. ----, specific gravities of various, _Breithaupt_, xxxi, 268. ----, Hosack's donation of, iv, 396. ----, pseudomorphous, account of, xlviii, 66, 81. ---- of trap, origin of, _J. D. Dana_, xlix, 49. ---- of volcanic rocks, iv, 212, 215. ----, zeolitic, not formed at the formation of the containing rock, _J. D. Dana_, xlv, 116, 145. ----, ----, rendered hydrous bysteam of eruption, _H. D. Rogers_, xlv, 147. ----, in London, prices of, v, 169. ---- of Europe, value of, xxix, 368. ---- of North America, their analogy with those of northern Europe, _W. Meade_, xii, 303. ----, _Foreign_. ---- of a cavern, upon Bosjesman river, southern Africa, xxviii, 290. ---- of Ceylon, vi, 192. ---- of Greece, xxxiii, 207. ----, oriental, from Sardis, _F. Hall_, xxxiii, 249; Pergamos, 250; Smyrna, 250; Ephesus, 251; Thyatira, 251; Samos, 252; Syra, 253. ----, ----, _Robertson_, xxxiii, 255. ---- found in the Hartz, xix, 112. ---- of New Holland, _F. Alger_, xxxix, 157.^f ---- from Palestine, ix, 337; x, 21. ---- of Peru, San Lorenzo, selenite, calc spar, &c., xxxviii, 201. ---- of Sicily, viii, 203. ----, saline, of the plains of Tarapaca, _J. H. Blake_, xliv, 2. ---- of Vesuvius, account of, from _Monticelli's_ treatise, xii, 185. ----, _North American_. ----, ----, proposed as new, shown to be identical with other species previously known, xlvi, 384. ----, ----, in Alabama, _E. Cornelius_, i, 214, 317. ----, ----, in Canada, _J. I. Bigsby_, v, 205; viii, 60. ----, ----, of northern America, and the vicinity of Hudson's Bay, xvii, 12. ----, ----, of Nova Scotia, _F. Alger_, xii, 227. ----, ----, ----, _Jackson_ and _Alger_, xiv, 305; xv, 132, 201. ----, ----, ----, examined by a party from Williams College, xxx, 330. ----, ----, of Connecticut, Litchfield Co., gneiss range, _J. P. Brace_, i, 351. ----, ----, ----, New Haven and vicinity, _B. Silliman_, ii, 201. ----, ----, ----, _T. D. Porter's_ localities of, with a map, ix, 177. ----, ----, ----, various localities, _C. U. Shepard_, xxxiii, 155. ----, ----, ----, at Stonington, _W. W. Rodman_, xxxv, 179. ----, ----, of Delaware, x, 223. ----, ----, ----, _G. W. Carpenter_, xiv, 1. ----, ----, of Illinois, Shawneetown, i, 52; ii, 176; iii, 244, 367. ----, ----, of Indiana, _W. B. Stilson_, i, 131. ----, ----, of Kewenaw Point, Lake Superior, _C. T. Jackson_, xlix, 86. ----, ----, of Maine, Freyburg and Paris, xviii, 291. ----, ----, of Maryland, _G. W. Carpenter_, xiv, 1. ----, ----, ----, Baltimore and Harford Cos., _P. T. Tyson_, xviii, 78. ----, ----, ----, Bare Hills, _H. H. Hayden_, xxiv, 349.^f ----, ----, of Massachusetts, localities of, in part, _C. Dewey_, i, 337; viii, 1. ----, ----, ----, ibid, _E. Hitchcock_, i, 112, 201; vi, 201; vii, 30; xiv, 215. ----, ----, ----, Chesterfield and Goshen, _G. Gibbs_, i, 346. ----, ----, ----, Hampshire Co., _A. Nash_, xii, 238. ----, ----, ----, Charlestown quarries, _J. E. Teschemacher_, xxxviii, 194. ----, ----, of Mississippi, _E. Cornelius_, i, 214, 317. ----, ----, of Missouri, iii, 24, 59, 67, 71; xii, 376, 379; xliii, 35; xlv, 340. ----, ----, of New Hampshire, _J. F. Dana_, vi, 245. ----, ----, ----, _C. U. Shepard_, xvii, 353; xviii, 126. ----, ----, ----, _O. P. Hubbard_, xxxiv, 105. ----, ----, ----, _C. T. Jackson_, xlix, 33. ----, ----, of New Jersey, at Patterson and Sparta, with geological remarks by _T. Nuttall_, v, 239. ----, ----, ----, at Hoboken, i, 49, 54. ----, ----, ----, at Hoboken, _T. Nuttall_, iv, 16. ----, ----, ----, various, ix, 244; xxi, 321; xxxvi, 107; xl, 69; xliv, 54. ----, ----, ----, Bergen Hill, account of, _W. O. Bourne_, xl, 69. ----, ----, ----, near New Brunswick, copper ores, &c., _L. C. Beck_, with analyses of native copper, red oxide, bisilicate, and gray sulphuret of copper, xxxvi, 107. ----, ----, ----, in Sussex Co., _S. Fowler_, xxi, 319. ----, ----, ----, ----, _C. U. Shepard_, with a map, xxi, 321. ----, ----, of New York, some account of, in review of the Report of _L. C. Beck_, xlvi, 25.^f ----, ----, ----, secondary region of, _J. Pierce_, ii, 181. ----, ----, ----, of the highlands of, _J. Pierce_, v, 27. ----, ----, ----, at Boonville, _O. P. Hubbard_, xxxii, 234. ----, ----, ----, in St. Lawrence Co., _J. Finch_, xix, 220. ----, ----, ----, in St. Lawrence and Jefferson Cos., _J. B. Crawe_ and _A. Gray_, xxv, 346. ----, ----, ----, in Orange Co., _C. U. Shepard_, with a map, xxi, 321.^f ----, ----, ----, in Scoharie Co., _J. Gebhard_, xxviii, 172.^f ----, ----, ----, of Warwick, _S. Fowler_, ix, 242. ----, ----, in North Carolina, _D. Olmsted_, v, 257. ----, ----, ----, and South Carolina, _J. Dickson_, iii, 1. ----, ----, ----, in Carolina, _T. D. Porter_, iii, 227. ----, ----, ----, North, Davidson Co., _J. C. Booth_, xli, 348. ----, ----, in Ohio, _S. P. Hildreth_, xvi, 154. ----, ----, ----, Belmont Co., i, 227. ----, ----, in Pennsylvania, Chester Co., _G. W. Carpenter_, xiv, 1; --Bucks Co., 12; Philadelphia Co., 14. ----, ----, ----, vicinity of West Chester, _J. Finch_, xiv, 15. ----, ----, in Rhode Island, _S. Taylor_, vi, 245. ----, ----, ----, near Providence, _J. H. Webb_, iv, 284. ----, ----, in Vermont, _E. Hitchcock_, i, 105. ----, ----, ----, _F. Hall_, vii, 58. ----, ----, ----, _A. A. Hayes_, xiii, 195. ----, ----, ----, Brattleboro', _J. A. Allen_, iii, 76. ----, ----, ----, Marlboro' and New Fane, _C. U. Shepard_, xvii, 353. ----, ----, of part of Virginia and Tennessee, _J. H. Kain_, i, 60. ----, ----, of parts of Virginia, Tennessee, Alabama and Mississippi, with geology of the same, _E. Cornelius_, i, 214, 317. ----, ----, see farther, under the names of the several _Minerals_, _Ores_, or _Metals_. ----, artificial, sulphate of lime with half an atom of water, _J. F. W. Johnston_, xxxv, 300. ----, ----, produced by heat, x, 190. ----, ----, oxide of iron about furnaces, xxxvi, 237. ----, ----, feldspar, xxviii, 396. ----, cabinet of, given by Baron de Schutz to the school at Landshut, v, 193. ----, ----, a large, for sale, ii, 169.

Mineral resins from peat mosses--Tekoretin, Phylloretin, Xyloretin, Balloretin, _G. Forchhammer_, xli, 402. ---- springs, see _Springs_. ---- veins, remarks on, with the views of _R. W. Fox_, xxxiii, 93; _I. Fournet's_ views, 94. ---- ----, questions on, _R. W. Fox_, xxxiii, 135. ---- waters, artificial, _S. Morey_, iii, 94. ---- ----, native, see _Springs_. ---- wax, a new species, _M. Prinsep_, xviii, 165.

Mineralogical hammer, new, _E. Hitchcock_, vii, 175.^f ---- systems, W. Whewell on, xliv, 214.

Mineralogy, _P. Cleaveland's_ Treatise on, noticed, i, 35. ----, ----, ibid, 2d edition announced, v, 404. ----, review of _C. U. Shepard's_, xxii, 395; xxviii, 374; xlvii, 333. ----, ibid _F. Alger's_, xlvii, 333. ----, ibid _J. D. Dana's_, xxxii, 387; xlvi, 362.^f

Mining company, the Muskingum, xxv, 224. ---- industry of Spain, _F. le Play_, xxviii, 17.

Mint, projected branch, of North Carolina, xx, 401. ----, gold coinage, amount of, in the United Stales, xx, 403. ----, amount of gold deposited at, xx, 404.

Mirror, metallic, found by the precipitation of silver from the oxide, xlix, 398.

Mississippi, mounds of, _R. C. Taylor_, xxxiv, 97. ---- valley, _L. Bringier_, iii, 15; --banks of the Mississippi, 16; driftwood of the Achafalaya, Red river, 17; earthquakes and eruptions, 20; fossil remains of mastodon, 22; marble and other mineral productions, 23. ----, ----, _L. Bringier_, lead mines, iii, 24; iron ores, 26; cove of Wachitta, 26, 28; alum slate, 28; salt, sandhills, 27; hot springs of Wachitta, 29; Indians, 30; mounds, 36. ---- ---- and the lakes, _J. B. Gibson_, xxix, 201. ---- ----, _H. King_, xlvii, 128. ---- ----, lower part of, _R. Nutt_, xxiii, 49. ----, mineralogy and geology of, _E. Cornelius_, i, 317. ----, Upper, polythalamia of, _J. W. Bailey_, xli, 400. ---- river, elevation of banks of, 1811, _F. C. Usher_, xxxi, 294.^f ---- ----, velocity of, vii, 174. ---- ----, headwaters, botany of, _D. B. Douglass_ and _J. Torrey_, iv, 56. ---- waters, medical effects of, viii, 396.

Missouri, lead region of, _H. R. Schoolcraft_, iii, 248. ----, ---- ----, ores, _Troost_ and _Lesueur_, xii, 379. ----, ---- ----, _J. N. Nicollet_, xlv, 340. ----, ---- ----, _J. T. Hodge_, xliii, 35.^f ----, ---- mine of la Motte, ore not argentiferous, xliii, 64. ----, native carbonate of lead in, xii, 379. ----, cobalt ores, xii, 378. ----, cretaceous formation of, _J. N. Nicollet_, xli, 180; xlv, 153. ----, Indian mounds or fortifications in, iii, 36. ----, ---- ----, _R. C. Taylor_, xxxiv, 89. ----, contributions to the botany of, _L. C. Beck_, x, 257; xi, 167; xiv, 112.

_Mitchell, E._, on the effect of quantity of matter in modifying the force of attraction, xvi, 234. ----, on the geology of the gold region of North Carolina, xvi, 1.^f ----, North Carolina, character and origin of the low country of, xiii, 336. ----, on the proximate causes of winds and storms, xix, 248.^f ----, Protogæa of _Leibnitz_, xx, 56. ----, on storms and meteorological observations, xx, 361. ----, on Welther's tube of safety, xvii, 345.^f

_Mitchell, J._, on the ignis fatuus, xvi, 246.

_Mitchell, J. K._, on the liquefaction and solidification of carbonic acid, xxxv, 346.^f

_Mitchell, T. D._, carbonic oxide obtained free from carbonic acid, xxv, 344.

_Mitchell, Wm._, on the tails of comets, xxxviii, 35; xl, 59. ----, magnetic dip at Nantucket, xlvi, 157.

_Mitchill, S. L._, conditions of the growth of plants on living animals, xii, 21. ----, on the Mus bursarius or pouched rat, of Canada, iv, 183. ----, on the Proteus of the N. A. Lakes, iv, 181. ----, on a group of polyps, v, 46. ----, a new Raja, ix, 290. ----, Zeus crinitus, xi, 144.^f ----, spoonbill sturgeon, xii, 201.^f ----, new reptiles of North America, vii, 63. ----, on the eatable clam of New York, x, 287. ----, facts showing that two-headed snakes are monsters, x, 48. ----, history of sea-serpentism, xv, 351. ----, notice of his edition of Cuvier's essay on the theory of the earth, i, 68. ----, obituary notice of, xxvii, 149.

_Mitscherlich_, formation of specular iron about volcanoes, xxxvi, 237. ----, on fuming nitric acid, xx, 185.

_Mohs, F._, obituary notice of, xl, 220.

Molasses from the potato, xxi, 93.

Mole, natural history of, xvii, 386. ----, carnivorous, _S. Woodruff_, xxviii, 168.

Molecules, Brown's active, xvii, 390. ----, forms and nature of crystalline, _J. D. Dana_, xxx, 275.^f

Molecular attraction, _J. Henry's_ experiments on, with soap bubbles, xlviii, 215.

_Moll, G._, experiments in electro-magnetism, xix, 329; xxvi, 177.

Mollusca, see under ZOOLOGY.

Molluskite, _G. A. Mantell_, xlv, 243.

Molybdenite, analysis of, _H. Seybert_, iv, 320. ----, in Connecticut, i, 242; vi, 235; viii, 194. ----, in Maine, x, 17. ----, in Maryland, xxvii, 20. ----, in Massachusetts, i, 238; v, 268; vi, 235; vii, 58; viii, 58; ix, 55; xiv, 217; xxxiii, 400. ----, in New Jersey, v, 401. ----, in New York, vii, 57. ----, in Pennsylvania, v, 41. ----, in Rhode Island, viii, 231.

Monarda allophylla, iv, 56. ----, Bradburiana, x, 260. ----, scabra, x, 260.

Money cowry, xxxii, 250.

Monophane, xxvi, 388.

_Montague, G._, notice of, xxxvii, 162.

Monsoons, remarks on, _W. C. Redfield_, xxv, 124. ----, character and causes of, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxiii, 63.

Monte Video, Connecticut, scenery of, vii, 5. ----, in South America, xxix, 240.

Monticellite, xxvi, 388.

_Montlosier, Count_, notice of, xxxvii, 121.

Monuments, public, in the United States, xviii, 229.

Monument to Copernicus, in Warsaw, iv, 387. ---- of Pultowa, iii, 379. ---- to Cuvier, xxiii, 309.

Monumental inscriptions, on the writing of, xvii, 271.

Moodus noises at East Haddam, Ct., xxix, 364; xxxix, 336.

Moon, volcanoes of, v, 176; xxxv, 305. ----, action of, on the atmosphere, deductions respecting, xv, 174. ----, influence of, on the weather, _F. Marcel_, xxvii, 192. ----, heat in rays of, ii, 329; xl, 315. ----, singular appearance of, xxii, 375. ----, halo, West Point, xx, 299.

Moon's mean motion, secular acceleration of, _J. H. Coffin_, xlvii, 324.^f

_Moore, N. F._, ancient mineralogy, notice of, xxviii, 188.

Morbid animal products, chemical examination of, _J. F. Dana_, iv, 149.

_Mordecai, A._, experiments on gunpowder, xlix, 180.

_Morey, S._, on artificial mineral waters, iii, 94. ----, on heat and light, ii, 118, 122. ----, bubbles blown in melted rosin, ii, 179. ----, on the patent water-burner, vii, 141. ----, revolving steam engine, i, 157.^f ----, observations on combustion, xxv, 146. ----, explosive engine, xi, 104.

Morey's steam engine, _J. Doolittle_, ii, 101.^f ---- ---- ----, _Sullivan_, ii, 106.^f

_Morgan, H. K. G._, galvanic means of blasting, xxxviii, 33.

_Morin, P. E._, laws of meteorological phenomena, xl, 402. ---- solicits meteoric information from America, xlii, 202. ----, theory of the universe, xxxi, 160.

Morphine, preparation of, xvii, 384; xxiii, 190. ----, and its salts, new method for, xli, 51. ----, test for, viii, 381. ----, action of, with iodic acid, xx, 184. ----, sulphate of, results of experiments on, _W. Tully_, xxi, 39.

_Morris, Miss M. H._, on the Hessian fly, xl, 381.

_Morse, S. F. B._, account of the twilight bow, xxxviii, 389. ---- electro-magnetic telegraph, xxxiii, 185.^f ----, two electrical currents over the same conductor without interference, xliv, 418.^f ----, experiments with Grove's battery, xlv, 390.^f

Mortality, observations on bills of, _J. Mease_, xli, 306. ---- of infants in France, xix, 192. ----, effect of ventilation on, xxvii, 79.

Mortar, iv, 373. ----, _W. H. Wright_, on, xlix, 379.

_Morton, J._, ancient mound near Wheeling, Va., vi, 166.

_Morton, S. G._, new work on American crania, proposed, xxxii, 207. ----, ibid, review of, xxxviii, 341.^f ----, characteristics of the Aboriginal race of America, xlvii, 408. ----, Crania Ægyptiaca, notice of, xlvii, 205. ----, on a second series of ancient Egyptian crania, xlviii, 268. ----, on the internal capacity of the cranium in different races of men, xxxviii, 373. ----, on the fossils and geological characters of the ferruginous sand formation of the United States, xvii, 274, 290; xviii, 243, 249^f; xxiii, 288^f; xxiv, 128.^f ----, analogy between the marl of New Jersey and the chalk of Europe, xxii, 90. ----, synopsis of the organic remains of the cretaceous group of the United States, xxvii, 377. ----, proposed division of the U. States cretaceous group, xxviii, 277. ----, discovery of the galt in Alabama, xxviii, 277. ----, head of a fossil crocodile, xlviii, 265.^f ----, list of fossils associated with the fossil crocodile, xlviii, 267. ----, on the fossil teeth of fishes in the United States, xxviii, 276. ----, notice of an embalmed Ibis, from Egypt, xli, 187. ----, supposed new species of hippopotamus, xlvii, 406.^f ----, memoir of Wm. Maclure, xlvii, 1.^f

Mosaic cosmogony, xxv, 26. ---- ----, critical interpretation of _bara_ and _asah_, _N. Webster_, xxxv, 375. ---- gold, xiii, 174.

Mosasaurus, xvii, 289; xviii, 246. ----, in United States, xxvii, 353.

Möser, images of, _Karsten_ on, xlv, 228.

Moss, Irish, or carrageen, _L. Feuchtwanger_, xxvi, 389.

Mosses and ferns of the United States, _L. C. Beck_, xv, 287.

Motion, the natural state of matter, xvi, 151. ----, on the principles of, and their use in the higher mathematics, xiv, 297. ----, revolving, in fluids, xix, 391. ---- of living particles in all kinds of matter, xix, 393. ---- of a system of bodies, _T. Strong_, xxiv, 40; xxv, 281; xxvi, 44. ---- ibid, _Lagrange's_ formulæ, xi, 398.

Moulting of birds, xxiv, 366.

_Moultrie, J._, skull of fossil human skeleton of Guadaloupe, xxxii, 361.

Mounds, Indian, of the West, remarks on, _J. Finch_, vii, 158. ----, ----, ----, xxii, 124. ----, ----, and other antiquities, xxxiv, 47. ----, ----, vessels of earthenware in, xxvi, 237; xxvii, 175. ----, ----, in Indiana, _J. T. Plummer_, xliv, 313. ----, ----, and works, in Ohio, xxv, 234, 238. ----, ----, in Ohio, _C. Whittlesey_, xxxiv, 361. ----, ----, near Wheeling, Virginia, _J. Morton_, vi, 166. ----, ----, of various imitative shapes, in Iowa and Wisconsin, _S. Taylor_, xliv, 21.^f ----, ----, earthworks of the form of animal effigies in Wisconsin, &c., _R. C. Taylor_, xxxiv, 88.^f ----, ----, in Missouri, iii, 36. ----, ----, in Tennessee, i, 322, 428. ----, ----, and relics, near Natchez, Miss., _C. G. Forshey_, xl, 376. ----, ----, in Louisiana, _C. G. Forshey_, xlix, 38.^f ----, ----, in Salisbury Plain, England, &c, _B. Silliman_, xliii, 152.

Mountains, on the measurement of, height of, by boiling water, xxix, 355; xxxvii, 19. ----, ibid, by barometer, _O. Byrne_, xliv, 12.^f ----, bursting of, iii, 252. ----, slides on White and Green, xv, 217. ----, map showing height of, ii, 168. ----, map of, iii, 364. ----, ranges of, elevation of, xxxi, 290. ----, chains of, _C. Darwin_ on the elevation of, xxxvii, 234. ----, ----, elevation of, _H. D. Rogers_, xlvii, 263. ----, ----, theory of origin of, _J. D. Dana_, xlv, 125, 128. ----, granitic, relation to modern volcanic, _J. D. Dana_, xlv, 125. ---- of iron, iii, 63. ---- of Himmalayah, height of, ix, 384. ---- of Europe, remarks on, _G. F. Shcouw_, xxi, 127, 128. ---- ----, Bolca, xiii, 255.^f ---- ----, see _Volcano_. ----, systems of, in the United States, xli, 266. ---- Katuhdin, Me., excursion to, and height of, _J. W. Bailey_, xxxii, 20.^f ---- Lafayette, ascent of, xii, 172. ---- Washington, notices of, xxxiv, 73, 76, 120. ---- of New York, of Essex Co., description, height of, &c., xxxiii, 301^f; xxxvi, 27; xxxvii, 83. ---- ---- ----, of Lake George, iv, 48. ---- in North Carolina, description and height of, _E. Mitchell_, xxxv, 377. ----, height of, Abraham, Me., xxxvii, 378. ----, ----, Adams, New Hampshire, xxxiii, 322. ----, ----, Bald Peak, New York, xxxiii, 320. ----, ----, Black, Vermont, vi, 6. ----, ----, Black, North Carolina, xxxv, 379; xxxvi, 28. ----, ----, Camel's Hump, Green Mountains, xxxvii, 85. ----, ----, Catskill, Round Top, New York, ii, 19; xxxv, 378; xlv, 17. ----, ----, Dial, Essex Co., N. Y., xxxvi, 28. ----, ----, Dix, Essex Co., N. Y., xxxvi, 28. ----, ----, Fall, New Hampshire, vii, 12. ----, ----, Franklin, New Hampshire, xxxiii, 322. ----, ----, Grandfather, North Carolina, xxxv, 378, 379. ----, ----, High Peak of Essex, or Mount Marcy, N. Y., xxxiii, 320; xxxvi, 28; xxxvii, 84, 89. ----, ----, Holyoke, Massachusetts, vii, 5. ----, ----, Jefferson, New Hampshire, xxxiii, 322. ----, ----, Kedidica Hook, New Jersey, ii, 187. ----, ----, La Fayette, xli, 384. ----, ----, Lyon, New York, xxxvii, 84. ----, ----, Madison, N.H., xxxiii, 322. ----, ----, Mansfield, Green Mountains, Vt., xxxv, 378; xxxvii, 85. ----, ----, McIntyre, Essex Co., N. Y., xxxiii, 320; xxxvi, 28. ----, ----, Monroe, New Hampshire, xxxiii, 322. ----, ----, Otter, Va., xxxv, 379. ----, ----, Palisade range, different points of, ii, 184. ----, ----, Pilot, North Carolina, xxxv, 379. ----, ----, Roan, North Carolina, xxxv, 378, 379. ----, ----, Saddle, Massachusetts, ii, 19; xxxv, 378. ----, ----, Skeene's, at Whitehall, New York, xxxiii, 311. ----, ----, Sugar Loaf, Massachusetts, vii, 9. ----, ----, Table, North Carolina, xxxv, 377, 379. ----, ----, Tom, Massachusetts, vi, 45; vii, 9. ----, ----, Video, Connecticut, vii, 5. ----, ----, Washington, N. Hampshire, xxxiii, 322; xxxiv, 120; xxxv, 378; xxxvii, 87; xli, 384. ----, ----, West River, N. Hampshire, vii, 11. ----, ----, Whiteface, N. York, xxxiii, 323; xxxvii, 84. ----, ----, White Top, Virginia, xxxv, 379. ---- slides, phenomena of, Essex Co., N. Y., _W. C. Redfield_, xxxiii, 313. ---- leather, xxxvi, 114.

Moving stones, in lakes and ponds, _N. Chipman_, xiv, 303.

Mowing, best time of, v, 380.

Moles, vision of, xvii, 185.

Mucedinea on vines, xxix, 367.

Mud of New Haven harbor, analysis of, _B. Silliman, Jr._, xlviii, 337. ---- eruptions, iv, 216. ---- furrows in rocks, _J. Hall,_ xlv, 148.

Muhlenbergia filipes, xliv, 83.

Mulberry tree, on the culture of, in the United States, xviii, 278.

Mule from a stag and mare, xiv, 392. ---- silver, xiii, 200.

Multiplier, galvanic, see _Galvanic_.

Munich, public instruction in, iv, 196.

_Murchison, R. I._, departure of, for the Urals, xli, 207. ----, return from a tour to Russia, xlii, 213. ----, salt steppe south of Orenburg, Russia, xliv, 205. ----, freezing cavern, xliv, 205. ----, relation of American geology to Russian, xli, 208. ----, geological map of part of England and Wales, xxxv, 306. ----, Silurian system, xxxvi, 399; xxvii, 219.

Murchisonite, analysis of, xv, 386, [feldspar.]

Murexide, process for, xli, 46.

Muriate of lime, a native salt, xv, 242. ---- of soda, see _Salt_.

Muriatic acid, fumigations with, at Plattsburgh, 1819, viii, 200. ----, condensation of, _M. Faraday_, vii, 357. ----, experiments with reference to, _Macaire_ and _Dela Rive_, xi, 393. ----, mode of purifying, _R. Hare_, xxxix, 371.

_Murray, John_, obituary notice of, ii, 355.

Musa texilis, xxi, 29.

Muscles, hydatids in human, xxix, 353.

_Muse, J. E._, on resuscitation from drowning, by oxygen, xvi, 250. ----, notice of the appearance of fish and lizards in extraordinary circumstances, xvi, 41. ----, stony concretions in the ovary of a turtle, xxvii, 163. ----, on animalcules in snow, xviii, 56. ----, on the Hessian fly, xxii, 71, 155.

Museum at Geneva, in Switzerland, iv, 199. ---- of the Vatican, iv, 380. ---- of Paris, iv, 381.

Museums of Natural History, when established in England, xxxvii, 143.

Mushrooms, gas from, xvii, 174.

Musical intervals, _J. Farey_, ii, 65. ---- temperament, essay on, _A. M. Fisher_, i, 9^f, 176.^f ---- tones produced by magnets, _C. G. Page_, xxxii, 396; xxxiii, 118; xlviii, 401.

Muskets, manufacture of, by _E. Whitney_, xxi, 237.

Mylocarium ligustrinum, xxvi, 319.

Mylodon, _R. Owen_, xliv, 341. ----, _R. Harlan_, xliii, 141; xlv, 209. ----, in Georgia, xlvii, 258. ----, in Oregon, (?) xlii, 136.

Myology of the human body, works on, noticed, iv, 198; xviii, 203.

Myosotis inflexa, xlvi, 98. ---- macrosperma, xlvi, 98. ---- stricta, xlvi, 98. ---- verna, xlvi, 97.

Myosurus Shortii, i, 379.

Myrica carifera, analysis of, i, 294.

Myrrhis canadensis, xi, 175. ---- longistylis, xi, 175.

Mystery, on, _M. Hopkins_, xiii, 217.

N.

Naiades, see under Zoology, _Mollusca_.

Nantucket, Philosophical Institute of, xii, 173.

Naphtha springs in old Assyria, xxxvii, 353. ---- ---- of Persia, xxxvii, 354. ---- in quartz crystal, _C. Dewey_, i, 345.

_Napier, J._, on the solubility of the metals in the salts of iron, xlviii, 190.

Naples, surgery in, v, 179.

Napoleon, literary taste of, xii, 390.

Napoleon's library, xii, 390.

Narceine, a new substance, _Pelletier_, xxiii, 379.

Narcotine, results of experiments on, _W. Tully_, xxi, 39. ----, products of the decomposition of, _F. Wöhler_, xlix, 205, 206.

_Nash, A._, lead mines and geology of Hampshire Co., Mass., xii, 238.^f ----, fascination of snakes, xii, 368.

Nasmyth's pneumatic speculum, xxxviii, 107.

Native metals, see under the names of the metals.

Natrolite in New Jersey, xl, 71.

Natural bridge, i, 66.

Natural History Society, see _Society_. ---- magic, remarks on, xxxiii, 258.

Naturalist, Journal of a, noticed, xxi, 390.

Naturalists, some notice of British, _C. Fox_, xxxvi, 217.

Nautilus, fossil, xliii, 187.

Naval Sketches, by _G. Jones_, noticed, xvi, 168, 320^f; xvii, 201. ---- Lyceum, xxvii, 390.

Navigation, submarine, ii, 94. ---- on canals, mode of, vii, 190. ---- of rapids, vii, 175. ---- of Cape Horn, _M. F. Maury_, xxvi, 54. ---- of the Atlantic, by ship Savannah by steam in 1819, xxxviii, 155. ---- ----, ---- ----, log book of, deposited with the American Philosophical Society, xl, 34. ----, letters of _J. Smith_ on, xxxv, 160, 332; xxxvi, 133. ---- to the Pacific by steam, xli, 358. ----, in the Pacific, on the coast of Chili, xliii, 207. ----, steam, see _Steam_. ----, on the application of the hydrostatic and aerostatic powers to aquatic, _E. C. Genet_, xi, 344.^f ----, solution of a problem in, _W. Chauvenet_, xlvi, 79. ----, Treatise on, _M. F. Maury's_, noticed, xxxii, 208.

Navigator, _N. Bowditch's_, noticed, xxxv, 11.

Navigators, directions to, if overtaken by storms in different seas, _W. C. Redfield_, xxv, 119, 120. ----, ibid, _H. W. Dové_, xliv, 338.

Navy of steam ships, xxxv, 333.

Nebulæ, account of some, _H. L. Smith_ and _E. P. Mason_, xl, 37. ----, approximate places of some, xxxv, 284. ---- delineated by photography, xliv, 375.

Necrology, see _Obituary_.

Necronite, _H. H. Hayden_, i, 306.

Needle, see _Magnetic_. ---- ore, analysis of, xxviii, 395.

Needlestone in Nova Scotia, xxx, 349.

Nelumbium luteum, iv, 64.

Nemalite, iv, 19.

Nemopanthus, i, 377.

Nephrite from Rhode Island, analysis of, _G. T. Bowen_, v, 346. ---- in Rhode Island, v, 39, 346. ---- in New York, vi, 365. ---- in Pennsylvania, viii, 239.

Neptune's goblet, _A. A. Gould_, xxxvi, 386.

Nerves, influence of, on animal heat, x, 390. ----, electric currents in, denied, xlix, 387.

Nets and cordage, strengthened by means of a solution of glue and oak bark, xxvi, 186.

Neufchatel, xiii, 182.

_Newbold_, on the kunker, a tufaceous deposit in India, xlix, 398.

New Brunswick tornado, _R. Hare_, from a written statement by _J. P. Espy_, xxxii, 158. ---- ----, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxv, 206; xli, 69.^f ---- ----, _L. C. Beck_, xxxvi, 115.^f

New England, geology of, see under _Geology_. ---- ---- Asylum for the Blind, xxiv, 175. ---- ---- Magazine, noticed, xxvii, 389.

New Grenada and Cuba, fossils of, supposed to be oolitic, _I. Lea_, xl, 41.

New Hampshire, geological account of a part of, _E. Hitchcock_, i, 105; vi, 1; vii, 1. ----, excursion to the White Mountains and to the summit of Mount Washington, _J. Pierce_, viii, 172; observations on the White Mountains, 172; source of the Saco, 174; vegetation on the ascent, 174, 175; view around, 176-178; wild animals, 178, 179; mineral spring near the Amonoosuc, 179; Franconia iron works, 180. ----, miscellaneous notices of mountain scenery and of slides and avalanches in the White and Green Mountains, xv, 217; --region about Lake Winnipisiogee, the Notch, the deluge of August, 1826, which destroyed the Willey family, and the consequent denudation, _B. Silliman_, 218-222; effects of the storm of August 28, 1826 on the stream, and its action, _C. Wilcox_, 222-228. ----, geological observations on, _O. P. Hubbard_, xxxiv, 105; --trap dikes in Dorchester and Canaan, 105^f; ibid, Wentworth, 107; ibid, at the fulls of the Campton, 108^f; tourmalines and diluvial scratches in Rumney, 107; trap dikes on Red Hill, 111; ibid, Moultonboro', Tamworth and Eaton, 112, 113.^f ----, geological observations on, _O. P. Hubbard_, xxxiv, 105; trap and granite boulders, and granite veins, 112; blende, and galena near Eaton, 114; White Mountains, 115; effects of the deluge of August, 1826, 115; decomposing granite, 116; octahedral fluor spar, 117; trap dikes near the Willey house, 118; Mount Washington, 120; Franconia Notch and pot hole, 122; granite veins in granite, 123^f; detached masses of granite, 124. ----, geological reports on, by _C. T. Jackson_, noticed, xli, 383; xlviii, 393; --ibid, review of, xlix, 27; anticlinal axis of primary rocks in the state, 28; on the glacier theory of drift, 29; Camel's Hump mountain ascended, 31; useful minerals, 33; tin ore of Jackson, 34. ----, mountains, height of, Adams, xxxiii, 322. ----, ----, ----, Fall, vii, 12. ----, ----, ----, Franklin, xxxiii, 322. ----, ----, ----, Washington, xxxiii, 322; xxxiv, 120; xxxv, 378; xxxvii, 87; xli, 384. ----, ----, ----, Lafayette, xli, 384. ----, ----, ----, Jefferson, xxxiii, 322. ----, ----, ----, Madison, xxxiii, 322. ----, ----, ----, Monroe, xxxiii, 322. ----, latitude of Mounts Lafayette and Washington, xli, 384. ----, tin ore in, xliii, 168; xlix, 34. ----, iron ore in, xviii, 130. ----, Bellows falls, scenery of, vii, 12.

New Harmony, Indiana, Owen's establishment at, xi, 189.

New Haven medal, _J. Allan_, xxxvii, 285. ---- Gymnasium, xiii, 385; xiv, 400. ----, latitude and longitude of Yale College, xxxiv, 309.

New Haven, geology of the region around, vii, 20. ----, tornado, xxxvii, 340.^f

New Holland, bone caves in, xx, 380. ----, Boomerang, xxxvi, 164.^f ----, minerals of, _F. Alger_, xxxix, 157.^f

New Jersey, geology, mineralogy, scenery, &c. of, _J. Pierce_, ii, 181; --Kedidica Hook mountains, 187; rocks and minerals of the vicinity of Patterson, 189, 192; Datholite of Patterson, 192; trap from Patterson to Springfield, Bergen and minerals, 193-195; peat on the Passaic, 196; pea-ore, ibid, 196; copper, 198; pipe clay, 198; Snake-hill, 199. ----, alluvial district, with remarks on the marl, and its application to agriculture, _J. Pierce_, vi, 237. ----, geology, Hoboken serpentine rocks of, and their minerals, (Nemalite, Marmolite, &c.) _T. Nuttall_, iv, 16. ----, on the cretaceous formation of, _S. G. Morton_, xvii, 274, 290; xviii, 243, 249^f; xxii, 90; xxiii, 288^f; xxiv, 128^f; xlviii, 265^f, 267. ----, ibid, _C. Lyell_, xlvii, 213. ----, fossil fish, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxvi, 186; xli, 24, 164; xliii, 172; xliv, 134^f; xlv, 314. ----, ---- ----, _L. D. Gale,_ xxxv, 192. ----, fossil footprints, _W. C. Redfield_, xliv, 134; xlv, 315. ----, fossil rain marks, _W. C. Redfield_, xliii, 172; xliv, 136; xlv, 315. ----, New Brunswick tornado, June, 1835, _J. P. Espy_, cited by _R. Hare_, xxxii, 158. ----, ---- ----, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxv, 206; xli, 69.^f ----, ---- ----, _L. C. Beck_, xxxvi, 115.^f ----, iron ores of Franklin, v, 243. ----, ---- ---- at Pompton Mountain, v, 287. ----, ---- ---- in Morris Co., v, 28. ----, copper, native, xxxvi, 107; xlv, 331. ----, copper ores, ii, 198; v, 239, 268, 401; viii, 118; xxxvi, 107. ----, mineralogy and geology of, _C. U. Shepard_, with a map by _Young_ and _Heron_, xxi, 321. ----, minerals of Bergen Hill, _W. O. Bourne_, xl, 69. ----, minerals in trap, _L. C. Beck_, xliv, 54.^f

New York, statistics of, in 1831, (population, manufactures, agriculture, education, &c.,) xx, 147. ----, Report, noticed, of the Regents of the University of, xxii, 415; xxv, 258^f; xxvii, 177; xxx, 389; xlix, 176. ----, Reports, annual, noticed, of the geological survey of, xxxii, 186; xxxvi, 1; xxxix, 95; xl, 73; xlii, 227. ----, ----, final geological, reviewed, _D. D. Owen_, xlvi, 143; xlvii, 354^f; xlviii, 296.^f ----, ----, mineralogical, by _L. C. Beck_, reviewed, xl, 75; xlvi, 25.^f ----, ----, zoological, of _J. E. De Kay_, xlv, 397. ----, Albany Co., geological survey of, executed by _T. R. Beck_; iii, 239. ----, mineral waters of Albany city, xxxvi, 9. ----, Canaan Mountains, geological section of, with observations on the soil and productions of the neighboring region, _D. H. Barnes_, v, 8, 204^f; peat abundant, 8; quarries of limestone, 10; fine sand, 10; Lebanon roofing slate, 11; graywacke at summit, 14; prospect, 14; disruption and sinking of the strata, 15; iron ores, 20; lead ore, 21. ----, carburetted hydrogen springs, xv, 236; xvii, 398; xxxvi, 6. ----, Catskill Mountains, account of, _H. E. Dwight_, ii, 11; rocks and petrifactions of, 12, 13; sulphur spring, 15; falls of the Kaaterskill, 17, 21. ----, ---- Mountains, account of, _H. E. Dwight_, ii, 11; elevation, according to Capt. Partridge, 19; prospect, 19; lakes, 20; mink pot, 24; wild animals, 28. ----, ---- ----, geology of, _D. W. Barton_, with a plan, iv, 249. ----, ---- ----, memoir on, with notices of the topography, scenery, mineralogy, zoology and economical resources, _J. Pierce_, vi, 86. ----, Chatauque Co., Fredonia gas spring, xvii, 398; xxxvi, 6. ----, Chitteningo, fossil calcareous tree of, v, 251; xviii, 354; xxxvi, 12. ----, Clinton group of rocks, iron ores in, xlviii, 301. ----, Columbia and Dutchess Counties, iron ores in, xxxvi, 21; xlvi, 27. ----, ---- ----, at Hillsdale and Amenia, viii, 243. ----, ---- ----, manganese ores, xlvi, 28. ----, ----, Ancram lead mine, viii, 247. ----, Lebanon nitrogen springs, xxxvi, 7;--analysis by _W. Meade_, 7. ----, Corlear's Hook, fossils at, ii, 371. ----, Crown Point, iron ores, iv, 48. ----, Dutchess Co., iron beds and works, xlvi, 27. ----, ----, manganese ores, xlvi, 28. ----, Erie canal route, _A. Eaton's_ survey of, noticed, vi, 373; viii, 358; ix, 355; xiii, 383; xiv, 145^f, 359; xv, 233. ----, ibid, gases, acids and salts in the vicinity of, _A. Eaton_, xv, 233; --nitrogen gas, 234; sulphuretted hydrogen, 235; carburetted hydrogen, 236; carbonic acid, 237; sulphuric acid, 238; sulphate of magnesia, 241; sulphate of iron, 243. ----, Erie canal route, gases and acids in the vicinity of, _A. Eaton_, xv, 233; sulphate of alumina, 243; carbonate of iron, 244; common salt, pseudomorphous crystals, 244; calc tufa, 247. ----, Essex Co., and northern sources of the Hudson, remarks on, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxiii, 301^f; --settlement at MacIntyre and iron works, 303; Labradoritic rocks, 303; Lake Colden, 305; Avalanche lake, 307; Whiteface Mt., the notch, 308; barometrical observations, and heights above Lake Champlain and the ocean, 310, 311; mountain slides, 313; main source of the Hudson; fall of the Au Sable, 313; high peak of Essex, 314; boulders, 315; trap dike, 316; ascent of Mount MacIntyre, 317; elevation of the mountains, 319; head of the Hudson, 320^f; beds of iron, 323. ----, ----, _E. Emmons's_ Geological Report of, noticed, xxxvi, 26; --iron ore, dikes, ripple marks, 26; height of mountains, 27; variation of the needle, 28, 29. ----, ----, ibid, xl, 81; --iron ores, 81. ----, ----, height of mountains, _E. F. Johnson_, xxxvii, 84. ----, Kedidica Hook range, ii, 187. ----, Franklin Co., Duane, steel ore beds, xlvi, 26. ----, Fredonia gas, xvii, 398; xxxvi, 6. ----, Genesee Co., sulphuric acid spring, xxxvi, 10. ----, gypsum in, i, 243; iv, 36; v, 39, 40; xvi, 377; xxxvi, 38, 43. ----, Herkimer Co., calcareous tufa, with impressions of numerous plants, xxxvi, 11. ----, heights in, above the level of the sea, of points in the Palisade range, ii, 184. ----, heights in, above the level of the sea, of Lakes Erie, Ontario, Niagara, Rochester, &c., _C. Dewey_, xxxiii, 122. ----, ----, ---- ----, of Lake Colden, source of Hudson, Essex peak, Mount MacIntyre, Bald peak, Lake Champlain, &c. &c., _W. C. Redfield_, xxxiii, 320. ----, ----, ---- ----, of the country near Chatauque lake, Cayuga lake, Seneca lake, Niagara, Buffalo, Mohawk at Little Falls, Round top, Catskill Mountains, &c. &c., xlv, 16, 17. ----, ----, ---- ----, of Lake Champlain, Skeene's Mountain, Moriah, pass of Schroon Mountain, iron works at MacIntyre, Lake Henderson Outlet, &c. &c., _W. C. Redfield_, xxxiii, 311. ----, ----, ---- ----, of Essex peak, (Mount Marcy,) Mount MacIntyre, Mount Dix, Dial Mountain, _E. Emmons_, xxxvi, 28. ----, ----, ---- ----, of Lyon Mountain, Whiteface Mountain, Mount Marcy, xxxvii, 84. ----, Highlands, outline of the geology of, _A. Eaton_, v, 231. ----, ----, geology, mineralogy, scenery, &c., of, _J. Pierce_, v, 26; --minerals, 27; animals, 31; lakes and rivers, 32. ----, ----, geology and mineralogy of, _W. W. Mather_, xxi, 97. ----, hydraulic limestones in, xxxvi, 37, 44; xxxix, 96; xlvi, 29. ----, Hudson river, tertiary formations on the borders of, _J. Finch_, x, 227. ----, ---- ----, sources of, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxiii, 301.^f ----, Jefferson Co., mineralogy of a portion of, _J. B. Crawe_ and _A. Gray_, xxv, 346; Sackett's Harbor, and Watertown minerals, cave, Pillar point heavy spar, 346; Antwerp and Oxbow minerals, 347. ----, Long Island, peat near Newtown, xxxvi, 16. ----, ---- ----, encroach of sea on, xxxvi, 16. ----, ---- ----, boulders of, xxxvi, 20. ----, ---- ----, bricks of, xxxvi, 21. ----, ---- ----, soils and marls of, xxxvi, 21. ----, Lebanon nitrogen springs, viii, 31; xxxvi, 7. ----, Mohawk alluvial deposits, xxiii, 207. ----, New York city, population of, in 1826, x, 398. ----, ---- ----, longitude of, v, 143. ----, ---- ----, longitude of the City Hall, xxxvii, 400. ----, Niagara and its vicinity, geological features of, _L. Foot_, iv, 55. ----, ----, _J. Geddes_, xi, 213.^f ----, ----, pressure of the atmosphere, within the cataract of, _B. Hall_, xiii, 364. ----, ----, on the falls, and the reasonings of some authors respecting them, _H. D. Rogers_, xxvii, 326.^f ----, ----, retrocession of the falls, _J. B. Gibson_, xxix, 204. ----, ----, ibid, _G. E. Hayes_, xxxv, 86, 100. ----, ----, remarks on, _J. Hall_, xxxvi, 49. ----, ----, volume of water, _Z. Allen_, xlvi, 67.^f ----, Onondaga Co., salines, _A. Eaton_, xv, 244. ----, ----, ----, _G. W. Carpenter_, xv, 5. ----, ----, ----, and manufacture of salt at Salina, Syracuse, &c., _S. Smith_, xv, 6. ----, ----, ----, of Salina, _J. Foreman_, xix, 141. ----, ----, ----, from the N. Y. state survey, xxxvi, 2; --analysis of Salina water, 3; composition of different kinds of salt, 5. ----, ----, ----, geological position of, &c., xxxix, 103. ----, ----, ibid, xlii, 228. ----, tufa near Syracuse and elsewhere, xxxvi, 12. ----, Orange Co., mineralogy of _J. Pierce_, v, 30. ----, ----, natural history of, _J. Van Rensselaer_, xiii, 224; --habits of the seventeen-year locust, 224; date of the annual song of the kitty didet, 227; register of the flowering of chesnut trees for eleven years, 228. ----, ----, oolite in, xix, 398. ----, ----, iron beds of, xvii, 203; xlvi, 25, 26. ----, ----, Palisades in, ii, 181; --elevations of points in, 184; Tappan creek, 185; excavation for silver, 185. ----, ----, mineralogy and geology of, _C. U. Shepard_, with a map by Young and Heron, xxi, 321. ----, Portage, evidence of outbreaking of lakes, &c., _J. Hall_, xlv, 329. ----, Rensselaer Co., geological survey of, in progress, iv, 189; --ibid, noticed, v, 203. ----, Rochester, polished limestone of, _C. Dewey_, xxxvii, 240. ----, Rockland Co., inhabitants of, ii, 189. ----, Rockland lake, ii, 186. ----, Saratoga Co., Lake and its environs with Snake Hill, _J. H. Steele_, ix, 1.^f ----, ----, mineral water, analysis of, _J. Steel_, xxi, 182; xxxvi, 8. ----, ----, ---- ----, analysis of, _J. F. Dana_, xxxvi, 8. ----, ----, ---- ----, iodine in, xvi, 217, 242. ----, ----, ---- ----, bromine in, xviii, 142. ----, ----, high rock spring, description of, xvi, 343.^f ----, Schoharie Co., geology and mineralogy of Schoharie in, _J. Gebhard_, xxviii, 172.^f ----, ----, on the strontianite limestone cavern, (Ball's cave) of Schoharie, _C. U. Shepard_, xxvii, 363^f, 368. ----, St. Lawrence Co., mineralogy and geology of, boulders of Labrador feldspar, &c., near Laurentia, _J. Finch_, xix, 220; --minerals of Hammond, Rossie and Gouverneur, 222, 225; Norfolk iron furnace, 226; Potsdam rocks, 226, 227; steatite at Little York, 228. ----, ----, mineralogy of a portion of, (Gouverneur, Rossie, Fowler iron ores, Wilson ore bed, &c.,) _J. B. Crawe_ and _A. Gray_, xxv, 346. ----, ----, from the Geological Report of _E. Emmons_, xxxvi, 23; --size of the county, and rocks of, veins of granular limestone, 23, 24; lead of Rossie, 24; temperature of wells, 25. ----, ----, Rossie lead mine, xl, 76; xlvi, 28. ----, ----, iron ores of, _L. C. Beck_, xlvi, 25. ----, Suffolk Co., extent of salt marshes of, xxxvi, 16. ----, sulphur springs of, ii, 15; xv, 235; xxxvi, 9; xli, 162. ----, ---- ---- of Avon, xxxvi, 10. ----, ---- ---- ----, analysis of, xxxv, 188. ----, ---- ---- near Massena, St. Lawrence Co., xix, 226. ----, ---- ---- near Buffalo, chemical examination of, xx, 156. ----, ---- ---- along the Hudson, allusion to, viii, 31. ----, ---- ---- near Canandaigua, xxxvi, 10. ----, Sullivan Co., facts relating to diluvial action in, _W. A. Thompson_, xxiii, 243. ----, ----, lead mines, xlvi, 28. ----, Taconic range, section of, to Troy, _C. Dewey_, ii, 246. ----, Troy, geological notice of, iii, 72. ----, ----, gravel near, _A. Eaton_, v, 22. ----, Ticonderoga, graphite of, vi, 178. ----, West Point, geology in the vicinity of, v, 232. ----, ----, fossil infusoria in peat earth, _J. W. Bailey_, xxxv, 118.^f ----, winds of, see _Winds_.

New York, packet ship, struck by lightning, xxxvii, 321.

New Zealand, extent of, and on the changes of population in, xxxv, 315. ---- ----, volcano in, xx, 381.

Newcastle coal field, xxxv, 305.

Newellian sphere, xii, 103.

Newfoundland, meteorological observations at, xxxviii, 265.

Newton's Principia, stereotype edition of, vi, 379. ---- ----, review of, xi, 238; xii, 28, 330; xiii, 311.

Niagara and its vicinity, geological features of, iv, 35; xi, 213.^f ----, on the falls of, _H. D. Rogers_, xxvii, 326.^f ---- falls, retrocession of, _J. B. Gibson_, xxix, 204. ---- ----, ----, _G. E. Hayes_, xxxv, 86, 100. ---- ----, remarks on, _J. Hall_, xxxvi, 49. ----, on the pressure of the atmosphere, &c., within the cataract of, _B. Hall,_ xiii, 364. ---- river, volume of, _Z. Allen_, xlvi, 67.^f

_Nichols, G. W._, popular notices of Mount Washington, xxxiv, 73.

Nickel, a test for potash, xvi, 387. ---- in meteoric stones, see _Meteoric_. ----, new antimoniuret of, xxx, 177. ----, white, or deutarseniuret of, from Reichelsdorf, _J. C. Booth_, xxix, 241. ----, ore, in Connecticut, at Chatham, xxi, 195.

_Nicollet, J. N._, on the cretaceous formation of the Upper Missouri, xli, 180; xlv, 153. ----, drift not accounted for by the glacial theory, xlv, 323. ----, on the mineral region of Missouri, xlv, 340. ----, obituary of, xlv, 404; xlvii, 139.

_Niepce_, photographic processes of, xxxvii, 173, 374.

Niger, mouth of, iv, 373.

Nile, the mouth of, xxviii, 24^f, 28.

Nineveh, ruins of, _A. Smith_, xlix, 113.

Niobium, new metal, xlviii, 400.

Nitrate of lime and of potash, i, 65. ----, of silver, preparation of, v, 348. ----, ----, preparation of pure, xxiv, 370. ----, ----, pure not blackened by sun's rays, xxxv, 298. ----, ----, reduction of, xviii, 400. ----, of soda of Atacama, Peru, xii, 385. ----, ----, of Tarapaca, _A. A. Hayes_, xxxviii, 410; xxxix, 375. ----, ----, of Tarapaca, mode of refining, xliv, 7.

Nitre, origin of, xxviii, 292. ----, native, i, 146. ----, ----, in caves of Kentucky and elsewhere, viii, 323. ----, ----, in Africa, i, 147.

Nitric acid, on fuming, _Mitscherlich_, xx, 185. ---- ----, remarks on its solvent power on metals, _Millon_, xlvii, 191. ---- ----, _J. Liebig's_ new test for, xvii, 176. ---- ----, ibid, _J. W. Bailey_, xxxii, 85. ---- ----, effect on sulphuretted hydrogen, viii, 375. ---- ----, action of, on certain metals, xxxiii, 286. ---- ----, action of, on iodine, xxi, 376. ---- ----, fumes, use of, in pulmonary diseases, xxxvi, 191. ---- ----, eyes of insects reddened by, xxx, 196. ---- ----, and phosphorus, explosion from, xvi, 366. ---- ether, process for, _R. Hare_, xxxiii, 241.^f

Nitrification, theory of, xiv, 385.

Nitrogen, abstracted from the atmosphere by organization, geological proofs of, _L. Vanuxem_, xii, 84. ----, different modes of obtaining, xxviii, 360. ----, apparatus for procuring, _R. Hare_, xiv, 356^f; xxviii, 263.^f ----, mode of preparing, xlix, 195. ----, specific gravity of, xxxv, 298. ----, on the office of, in respiration, _L. C. Beck_, xviii, 52. ----, reduction of metals by, xix, 371. ---- in animal substances, researches relative to, _Macaire_ and _Marcet_, xxiii, 384. ---- ---- ibid, on the determination of, xxviii, 134. ---- ---- ibid, _Bunsen's_ method of estimating, xli, 53. ---- ---- ibid, new method of determining, _Varrentrapp_ and _Will_, xlii, 253^f; xlv, 267. ----, combines with iron and copper, xxiv, 374. ----, phosphuret of, xxviii, 140. ----, combined with boron and silicon, forming combinations analogous to cyanogen, xlvii, 192. ----, chloride of, properties of, _G. S. Serullas_, xviii, 155. ----, new compounds of, (Mellon, Melam, &c.) _J. Liebig_, xxix, 371. ----, gas at Hoosic, N. Y., xv, 234. ----, formation of, in warm springs, _C. Daubeny_, xx, 383. ----, springs in New York, analysis of, xxxvi, 7. ---- ----, see _Springs_.

Nitroline, analysis of, xlix, 204.

Nitrous atmosphere of Tirhoot, xx, 199. ---- ether, new process for, _R. Hare_, ii, 326.^f ---- gas, theory of the action of, in eudiometry, _J. F. Dana_, vii, 338. ---- oxide, effects of, v, 194. ---- ----, condensation of, vii, 355. ---- ----, method of obtaining, _R. Hare_, xvi, 295, 297.^f ----, ----, properties and composition of, xvi, 298.

_Nobili, L._, new thermo-electric piles of, xxviii, 397. ---- and _Melloni_, new experiments on heat, xxiii, 185.

_Noggerath_, on compression of air, xvii, 38.

Nomenclature of minerals, i, 45. ----, chemical, _J. J. Berzelius on_, xxii, 248;--(letter) xxxii, 262. ----, ----, _R. Hare_ on, xxvii, 63; xxxii, 259; xlix, 249. ----, ----, _W. Whewell_ on, xxi, 369. ---- of numbers from ten to twenty, xlvi, 215. ---- of the stars, revision of, under the direction of the British Association, xxxviii, 94; xl, 310; xlii, 147; xliv, 158. ----, zoological, _A. A. Gould_, xlv, 1. ----, ----, remarks on, _S. S. Haldeman_, xlvi, 18. ---- of the Palæozoic strata of the Appalachian basin, xlvii, 154.

_Nooney, J._, on the astronomical operations at Pulkova Observatory, xlvii, 88.

Nooth's apparatus, a substitute for, _R. Hare_, i, 410.^f

_North, E._, on fuel, xi, 66.

North America, Report on the Zoology of, xxxi, 343, 356, 376.

North American Medical and Surgical Journal, xviii, 203.

North Carolina, basalt, basaltic dikes ("natural walls") and petrifactions of, _J. Beckwith_, v, 1. ----, natural walls of Rowan, xiv, 242. ----, mining district of western part, _J. Peck_, xxiii, 1.^f ----, origin and character of the low country, _E. Mitchell_, xiii, 336. ----, red sandstone of, _D. Olmsted_, ii, 175. ----, rocks and minerals of, _D. Olmsted_, v, 257. ----, geological survey of, in contemplation, v, 202;--_D. Olmsted's_ Report on the Geology of, noticed, xiv, 230. ----, _J. Dickson_ on the mineralogy and geology of, iii, 1. ----, _T. D. Porter_, ibid, iii, 227. ----, gold, miscellaneous notices of, iii, 3; xvi, 360; xvii, 400; xlviii, 398. ----, ----, large mass of, ix, 9. ----, ---- mines of, _D. Olmsted_, ix, 5; xiv, 237. ----, ----, on the mines of, _C. E. Rothe_, xiii, 201.^f ----, ----, on the region of, _E. Mitchell_, xvi, 1.^f ----, remarks on, _J. Peck_, xxiii, 1.^f ----, ----, on the nature of the deposits of, _F. L. Smith_, xxxii, 130. ----, ----, talcose slate, the rock of, _A. Eaton_, xviii, 50. ----, heights of several mountains in, with remarks on their features, (Table Mountain, Roan, Black, Grandfather, Yeates's Knob, Pilot,) _E. Mitchell_, xxxv, 377. ----, temperature of wells and springs, xxxv, 379.

North magnetic pole, revolution of, around the north pole of the earth, xxix, 352.

North pole and northwest passage, i, 101.

Northern Antiquaries, Society of, xlii, 214.

Northern lights, see _Aurora Borealis_.

Northwest passage, and Greenland ice, i, 101. ---- ----, _I. Lea_, x, 138.

_Northrop, B. F._, fluid in hornstone, vii, 283.

_Norton, W. A._, Treatise on Astronomy by, noticed, xxxvi, 197. ----, on the tails of comets, xlvi, 104.^f

_Norton, J. P._, analysis of Sillimanite, xlvi, 382.

Notices of books, see _Works_.

Nova Scotia, short notice of the minerals of, xii, 176. ----, mineralogy of, _F. Alger_, xii, 227. ----, geology and mineralogy of, _C. T. Jackson_ and _F. Alger_, xiv, 305, with a map; xv, 132^f, 201; xxii, 167. ----, fossils in the iron ore of, xv, 201. ----, scientific excursions to, from Williams College, with an account of the minerals and geology of, xxx, 330.^f ----, fossils and fossil wood of, xxx, 339.^f ----, grindstones, xv, 148; xxx, 338. ----, coal, bituminous, xv, 149. ----, fossil trees, upright in the coal strata of, xlv, 353. ----, gas, from the coal mine of, xxx, 184. ----, coal and gypsiferous formation of, xlv, 356.

Novaculite, or whetstone of North Carolina, v, 262; xiv, 238. ---- in Georgia, xvi, 185. ---- in Ohio, xvi, 374. ---- of Lake Memphremagog, Canada, v, 41, 406.

Nucula, see under ZOOLOGY, _Mollusca_.

_Nugent_, geology of some West India Islands, i, 140.

_Nulty, E._, on formulæ for comets, xxxviii, 160.

Number _five_, the most favorite of nature, xvi, 172.

Numbers, interesting properties of, _G. R. Perkins_, xl, 112. ----, analysis of square, _A. D. Wheeler_, xxv, 87.

Numerical faculties, theory of, vii, 285.

Nutation, new determination of, _Peters_, xlvii, 90.

Nutmeg, in Singapore, xliv, 153.

Nutriment of gelatine, xxii, 197.

Nutritious matter from an acre of land cultivated with potatoes or wheat, _Eli Ives_, i, 297.

_Nutt, R._, on the origin and extension of prairies, xxiii, 40. ----, observations on the lower part of the Mississippi valley, xxiii, 49.

_Nuttall, T._, plants collected in East Florida, v, 286. ----, serpentine rocks of Hoboken, iv, 16. ----, observations and geological remarks on the minerals of Patterson and the valley of Sparta, N. J., v, 239. ----, reply to _H. Seybert_, vi, 171. ----, Botany of, noticed, xiii, 99. ----, proposed work on birds, xx, 154. ----, ---- ----, noticed, xxii, 178. ----, North American Sylva, noticed, xliv, 194.

O.

Obesity, xxii, 194.

Obituary of Adam Afzelius, xxxiii, 211. ---- J. Aldini, xxvii, 405. ---- Duke of Atholl, xx, 307. ---- R. Bakewell, xlv, 403. ---- D. H. Barnes, xv, 401. ---- Mark Beaufoy, xxviii, 340. ---- John, Duke of Bedford, xl, 219. ---- Andrew Bell, xxiii, 370. ---- E. T. Bennet, xxxii, 215. ---- J. Bentham, xxiii, 370. ---- Sir Charles Blagden, ii, 344. ---- J. F. Blumenbach, xl, 219. ---- Bode, xv, 177. ---- E. Boethor, of Paris, v, 180. ---- C. Bonnycastle, xl, 375. ---- C. V. de Bonstetten, xxiii, 370, 371. ---- Camille Borghèse, xxiii, 370. ---- N. Bowditch, xxxiv, 220; xxxv, 1.^f ---- G. T. Bowen, xv, 403. ---- S. Breislak, xii, 192. ---- Henry Browne, xx, 307. ---- Archibald Bruce, i, 299.^f ---- Carreno, xliii, 215. ---- G. L. J. Carre, xxiii, 371. ---- Angelo Cesaris, xxiii, 370. ---- J. F. Champollion, xxiii, 371. ---- J. A. Chaptal, xxvi, 127. ---- Chenevix, xx, 305. ---- G. Chilton, xxxi, 421. ---- Chladni, xv, 177. ---- Sheldon Clark, xli, 217.^f ---- J. F. Coindet, xxvii, 404. ---- Condorcet, widow of, vii, 200. ---- Corvisart, of Paris, v, 179. ---- G. Crabbe, xxiii, 370. ---- Wm. Cristy, xl, 219. ---- Allan Cunningham, xl, 219. ---- R. Cunningham, xxxii, 215. ---- G. Cuvier, memoir of, xxiii, 303, 371. ---- Sir Humphrey Davy, xvii, 157^f; review of the labors of, 217. ---- B. Dearborn, xxxviii, 154. ---- A. P. De Candolle, xlii, 217; xliv, 217. ---- R. L. Desfontaines, life and writings of, xxvii, 201. ---- Alberic Deville, xxiii, 371. ---- Simeon Dewitt, xxvii, 395. ---- David Don, xliii, 214. ---- A. Doolittle, xxii, 183. ---- David Douglas, xxx, 196. ---- Auguste Duvau, xxiii, 371. ---- Amos Eaton, xliii, 215. ---- J. P. Emmet, xliii, 404. ---- J. Esmark, xl, 220. ---- Martin Field, xxvi, 204. ---- A. M. Fisher, v, 367.^f ---- Fourier, xx, 174. ---- J. Frauenhofen, xv, 177; xvi, 304. ---- Fresnel, xv, 177. ---- Fuss, xv, 177. ---- Evariste Gallois, xxiii, 371. ---- George Gibbs, xxv, 214. ---- Davies Gilbert, xl, 219. ---- C. Vidua le Gonzano, xxiii, 198. ---- John Gorham, xvi, 400. ---- Prof. Gouan, of France, v, 179. ---- Guillemin, xliii, 214. ---- Frederick Hall, xlv, 404. ---- R. Harlan, xlvi, 216. ---- R. J. Haüy, viii, 362. ---- Sigismund Hernbstadt, xxvi, 402. ---- Frederick Hoffman, xxxiii, 76. ---- Hosack, xxix, 395. ---- François Huber, xxiii, 117. ---- Baron Jacquin, xl, 219. ---- Patrick Keith, xl, 219. ---- George Knox, xv, 189. ---- Don Mariano Lagasca, xl, 219. ---- J. L. Lagrange, xxx, 64; xxxi, 97. ---- Marquis de la Place, xiii, 166; xxv, 1. ---- Lambert, xliii, 214. ---- P. A. Latreille, xxv, 431. ---- Thomas Lawrence, xx, 308. ---- L. Lederer, xliv, 216. ---- Leroux, xxiii, 371. ---- C. Linnæus, xxv, 151. ---- James H. Linsley, xlvi, 216. ---- Martin Lister, xxxvii, 136. ---- Littrow, xl, 220. ---- Wm. Maclure, xxxix, 212; xlvii, 1.^f ---- Sir J. Mackintosh, xxiii, 370. ---- Jared Mansfield, xviii, 208. ---- E. P. Mason, xl, 407; xliii, 381. ---- Wm. Meade, xxv, 215. ---- Prof. Meyen, xl, 219. ---- J. S. Miller, notice of, xx, 300. ---- S. L. Mitchill, xxvii, 149. ---- F. Mohs, xl, 220. ---- Boissel de Monville, xxiii, 371. ---- John Murray, ii, 355. ---- Næff, xxiii, 370. ---- J. N. Nicollet, xlv, 404; xlvii, 139. ---- H. W. M. Olbers, xxxix, 387. ---- B. Oriani, xxv, 186. ---- T. Ornie, xxiii, 370. ---- T. Pennant, xxxvii, 146. ---- Persoon, xxxii, 215. ---- H. Pestalozzi, xiii, 183. ---- William Phillips, xv, 160. ---- M. A. Pictet, x, 179. ---- S. D. Poisson, xl, 220. ---- J. Priestley, xxiv, 28. ---- J. Prince, xxxi, 201.^f ---- C. S. Rafinesque, xl, 221. ---- Ramond, xv, 177. ---- Reichenback, xv, 177. ---- Abel Remusat, xxiii, 371. ---- James Rennell, xx, 304. ---- Stephen Van Rensselaer, xxxvi, 156. ---- La Rochefoucald-Liancourt, xiii, 167. ---- Rodrigues, v, 193. ---- Count Rumford, xix, 28; xxxiii, 21. ---- Thomas Say, xxvii, 393. ---- Scarpa, xxv, 184. ---- L. D. de Schweinitz, xxvi, 218. ---- Schubert, xv, 177. ---- G. S. Serullas, xxiii, 371. ---- Charles Silvertop, xl, 220. ---- Nathan Smith, xvi, 211. ---- Wm. Smith, xl, 219. ---- Smithson, xx, 306. ---- L. Simond, xxxii, 371. ---- G. Spurzheim, xxiii, 356. ---- Sir John St. Aubyn, xl, 220. ---- M. F. de St. Fond, ii, 352. ---- Edward Thomas, xxii, 380. ---- Sir Benjamin Thomson (Count Rumford), xix, 28; xxxiii, 21. ---- John Trumbull, xlvi, 216. ---- Edward Turner, xxxii, 213. ---- Vaucher, xliii, 215. ---- Benjamin Vaughan, xxix, 395. ---- Vigors, xl, 219. ---- Vogel, xliii, 215. ---- Alexander Volta, xv, 67. ---- Eli Whitney, xxi, 201.^f ---- F. P. Wilmsen, xxii, 380. ---- Wollaston, xvi, 216; xvii, 159. ---- Thomas Young, xxii, 232. ---- F. X. Baron de Zach, xxiv, 194.

Observatory, a new Astronomical, at Berne, in Switzerland, vii, 374. ----, letter on, from _Encke_ to _A. D. Bache_, xxxviii, 184. ----, at Cape of Good Hope, xxxviii, 95. ----, near Glasgow, xl, 344. ----, at Geneva, xxiii, 390. ----, at Rome, xliv, 373. ----, at Pulkova, astronomical operations at, xlvii, 88. ----, at St. Petersburg, a new, xxviii, 200. ----, at Havana, xlii, 153. ----, remarks on certain, (Cambridge, Brussels, Calton Hill at Edinburgh,) xxviii, 67, 69. ----, United States, Cambridge, xlv, 224. ----, ----, at Girard College, authorized, xxxviii, 398. ----, ----, in Philadelphia, in Rittenhouse Square, xl, 375. ----, ----, of Hudson, Ohio, Western Reserve College, _E. Loomis_, xxxix, 361. ----, ----, of Yale College, latitude and longitude of, xxxiv, 309. ----, instruments proper for a small, xxxviii, 185. ----, magnetical, at Dublin, xxxiv, 3. ----, ----, establishment of, recommended by the British Association, xxxviii, 108.

_O'Brien, L._, on a case of transpiration, xxxix, 400.

Obsidian, West Indies, i, 237. ----, used for cutting instruments by the Mexicans, xvi, 161.^f

Occultation of Aldebaran, July, 1830, xix, 170.

Ocean, natural history of, v, 128. ----, color of, vi, 198; xxix, 237. ----, ----, cause of, xvii, 170; xxvi, 65.^f ----, depth of, v, 130; xl, 407. ----, ----, not determined from the echo, xxxviii, 160. ----, temperature in different parts v, 129; xxv, 130. ----, ---- and saltness of, at different depths, xxiii, 10. ----, ---- at great depths, xvii, 295. ----, ---- ibid, _Foster's_ observations, xvii, 299. ----, ---- ibid, _Irving's_ observations, xvii, 299. ----, ---- ibid, _Scoresby_ and _Buchan_, xlv, 139, 140. ----, ----, between New York and Rio, 1834, xxix, 237. ----, saltness of, _H. Humphreys_ xlix, 208. ----, ----, remarks on, v, 131. ----, ----, at different depths xxiii, 10. ----, pressure of, at great depths, xiv, 194. ----, deep soundings in, by the French ship Venus, xl, 407. ----, phosphorescence of, v, 133; xvii, 209; xviii, 166, 187; xxxvi, 208. ----, supposed effects of, on the features of western New York, during its elevation, xxxv, 86. ----, see _Sea water_.

Oceanic currents, v, 132. ---- ----, of the Atlantic, iv, 390. ---- ----, of the Gulf Stream, v, 133, 353. ---- ----, general remarks on, _W. C. Redfield_, xxv, 130; --circuit currents of the Atlantic and Pacific, 130, 131; cold polar currents flowing beneath the tropical, and carrying icebergs into the Gulf Stream, 131; their influence on climate, 133. ---- ----, tidal, course of, in the Atlantic, _W. C. Redfield_, xxviii, 313. ---- ----, Gulf Stream, relation of, to an opposite current on the North American coast, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxii, 349. ---- ----, Gulf Stream, icebergs carried into, by the deeper polar current, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxii, 351, 352; --lower temperature on shoals and shores due to the submarine current, 353. ---- ----, prevailing, and observations on tides, _W. C. Redfield_, xlv, 293. ---- ----, on ancient polar, _W. C. Redfield_, xliii, 152. ---- ----, effects of polar, _W. C. Redfield_, xlv, 326. ---- ----, of the north Atlantic and the drift ice, with a map, _W. C. Redfield_, xlviii, 373. ---- ----, Gulf Stream, existence of, determined by _B. Franklin_, xlvii, 162. ---- ----, ---- ----, remarks on, _M. F. Maury_ xlvii, 161; --warmth of, 162; course, color, 164; relation of amount of waters to waters of Mississippi, 165; causes of, 165; evidence from bottles thrown overboard, 167; temperature of, 175; cold northern currents, 177; Japan currents, 181. ---- ----, tidal, see farther under _Tides_.

Ochres, in Connecticut, v, 36. ----, in Vermont, iii, 58; iv, 43.

Odessa, notice of, vi, 386.

Odontograph, xxxv, 319.

Odors affected by electricity, xv, 394.

Odor, like Benzoin, from a man's arm, xxii, 368. ---- of wines due to œnanthic ether, xxxii, 381.

Œnanthic ether, xxxii, 381. ---- acid, xxxii, 382.

_Œrsted, H. C._, on water-spouts xxxvii, 250.^f ----, on tornadoes, xxxviii, 82. ----, allusion to discoveries electro-magnetism, v, 388.

Oerstedite, xxx, 179. _Ogden, H. W._, on water-spouts, xxix, 254.

Ohio, notes on, i, 207, 311. ----, Medical College of, i, 311. ----, Belmont Co., scenery, geology, mineralogy, botany, &c., of, _C. Atwater_, i, 226. ----, winds of, _C. Atwater_, i, 276. ----, vegetable impressions in the coal strata of Zanesville, _E. Granger_, iii, 5.^f ----, facts relating to certain parts of, _S. P. Hildreth_, x, 1; --Washington Co., soil, &c., 2; caverns on the Little Hockhocking, 3; limestone and coal, salt borings, 4; gas from springs, 5; petroleum, 5; iron ore, 7; ochres, pyrites, 8. ----, notes on, in reply to inquiries by C. Atwater, _S. P. Hildreth_, x, 152; --Marietta, size, manufactures, &c., 152; county of Washington, statistics, 153; settlement of different places of Ohio, 153, 154, 155; attacks of Indians, 154; escape of R. J. Meigs, 157; Indian Mounds, &c., 160. ----, ibid, _S. P. Hildreth_, xi, 231; --on the plants of, climate, &c., 231; epidemic disorders, influenza, &c., 233; diseases of cattle, 234; crimes, suicide, 235; education, 235; population of Marietta, 236; sect of Halcyons, 236; antiquities, 237; meteors, 237; storm of May 28, 1809, 238. ----, on the geology, climate, diseases, &c., of, _C. Atwater_, xi, 224. ----, Washington Co., climate and productions of, _S. P. Hildreth_, xii, 206. ----, coal and diluvial strata of, _S. P. Hildreth_, xiii, 38. ----, people of, _C. Atwater_, xiii, 200. ----, miscellaneous notices of rocks and minerals of, _S. P. Hildreth_, xvi, 154. ----, canals, xx, 416. ----, boulders of, _D._ and _I. A. Lapham_, xxii, 300. ----, saliferous rock formation of, _S. P. Hildreth_, xxiv, 46. ----, ten days in, xxv, 217; --Marietta, notice of, 217; Waterford, 221; Morgan Co., 227; Zanesville, 228; Putnam, 230; Muskingum Co., 230; Perry Co., 232; Flint ridge, 233; buhrstone, 233; Tumuli, 234; Somerset, 236; Rushville and Rush Creek, 236; Lancaster, 237; Pickaway Co., 238; Circleville ancient works, 238; Scioto aqueduct, 240; Williamsport, 247; the Barrens, 248; Westport, 249; Chilicothe, 251; Pickaway plains, 255. ----, channels of streams far below the general level, deeply seated, xxv, 223. ----, on the bituminous coal deposits of the Ohio valley, _S. P. Hildreth_, xxix, 1^f; --general topography, 7; Muskingum valley, 9^f; Putnam Hill strata, 30^f; cannel coal, 39; calcareous breccia, 43; Hockhocking valley, 46; buhrstone, 142. ----, miscellaneous notices of, _S. P. Hildreth_, xxxi, 1; --steamboats, 1; Sun-fish creek, 2; grave creek, bituminous coal, Wheeling and Indian attacks, 3; Wellsburg, Steubenville, 6; Judge Tappan's cabinet, 7; ancient Indian sculpture, 8^f; Mingoes, Logan, Henry Jolly, 10; Mr. Slack's spring garden, 14; Lewis Wetzel, 14; Brady and Brady's Hill, 20, 21; Connecticut Reserve, 21, 34; Poland, Dr. Kirtland's collection of shells, 22; Mahoning valley, tertiary deposits, 24^f; coal deposits, 27; natural mounds, fossil plants, 28^f; massasauga, rattle snakes, 32; gypsum of Canfield, 34; ponds of Portage Co., 35; Lymnæa stagnalis and Helices, &c., 35.^f ----, miscellaneous notices of, _S. P. Hildreth_, xxxi, 1; --Portage Co., 37; Ohio and Pennsylvania canal, 40; Brady's Pond, 42; Falls of the Cuyuhoga, 45^f; travertine, 50; marl beds, 55; mastodon bones at Massillon, 56; Fort Lawrence, 57; village of Zoar, 59; and great ferruginous deposits, 61; Newcastle, coal, 63; Gnadenhutten, 64; Rev. J. Heckewelder, 66; Coshocton Co., 69; narrows of Licking, 70; rock strata, 71; trilobites, 72^f; Delaware sulphur springs, 73; sulphuret of iron, 74; Zanesville, 75^f; cannel coal, 79; cabinet of the Atheneum at Zanesville, 79; fossil bones of ovis, &c., 80.^f ----, Geological Reports of, noticed, xxxii, 190; xxxiv, 196, 347^f; xl, 126. ----, ibid, with extracts, xxxiv, 347; --extent of coal in, 348, 357; degradation on Lake Erie, 349; buhrstone of, 352, 353; iron ore deposits, 357; fossil elephant of Salt Creek, 358, 362.^f ----, Indian mounds and relics, _C. Whittlesey_, xxxiv, 361. ----, hurricane in, Oct. 20, 1837, _E. Loomis_, xxxiii, 368.^f ----, prairies of, xxxiii, 230. ----, cannel coal in, xviii, 376; xxix, 39; xxxi, 79. ----, buhrstone in, xxv, 233; xxix, 142; xxxiv, 353. ----, mastodon remains in, ii, 245^f; xxv, 256; xxx, 394; xxxi, 56; xxxvi, 189.^f ----, heights of various points in,_ C. Whittlesey_, xlv, 12. ----, meteorological observations in, see under _Meteorology_.

Oils, depuration of, xxiv, 200. ----, action of, on oxygen gas, xxiii, 190. ----, bleaching, xlvii, 196. ----, proportion of, in different oleaginous plants, xviii, 150. ---- of balsam copaiva, xxviii, 384.

Oil of cajeput, xxviii, 384. ---- of the Chené, ii, 264. ---- of cinnamon, xxviii, 385, ---- of the Croton tiglium, xiv, 369. ---- from grape seed, ii, 348. ---- of Indian corn, xliii, 403. ----, inflammable, xii, 388. ---- of juniper, xxviii, 385. ----, olive, impurities in, xix, 76. ----, ----, purification of, for chronometers, xx, 166. ---- from the spirit of wine of potatoes, _J. Dumas_, xxviii, 386. ----, essential, of potatoes, xxxii, 382. ---- of Ricinus communis, impurities in, xix, 77. ---- of roses, on the preparation and analysis of, _R. Blanchet_, xxviii, 383. ---- of turpentine, see _Turpentine_. ---- of sweet almonds, impurities in, xix, 76. ---- of the tutui or candlenut tree of the Sandwich Islands, xxxiv, 209. ---- of wine, destructive distillation of, xxxvi, 76. ---- from white fish, xxxv, 391. ----, essential, adulteration of, with alcohol, xix, 77; xlvii, 197. ----, ----, action of, with sulphurous acid, _R. Hare_, xxxi, 281. ----, watchmaker's, best, ix, 202.

Oil-casks, rendered impermeable by glauber salt, xxx, 173.

Oilstone, of Ohio, xvi, 374. ----, of Georgia, xvi, 185. ----, of Lake Memphremagog, v, 41, 406. ----, of North Carolina, v, 262; xiv, 238.

_Olbers, H. W. M._, obituary of, xxxix, 387.

Old man of the Mountain, xiv, 64.^f

Olea Americana, northern limit of, _H. B. Croom_, xxvi, 315.

Oligostachyum, iv, 58.

_Oliver, B. L._, on prussic acid, iii, 182. ----, letter to, on Otaheite, _J. A. Maerenhaut_, xxix, 283. ----, on the use of iodine in gout, xvi, 176.

Olivine from near Naples, _L. P. Walmstedt_ on, ix, 378. ---- and chrysolite, comparative analyses of, xiii, 184.

_Olmsted, D._, red sandstone of North Carolina, ii, 175. ----, geological survey of North Carolina, in contemplation, v, 202. ----, rocks and minerals of North Carolina, v, 257. ----, on the gold mines of North Carolina, ix, 5. ----, Report on the Geology of North Carolina, noticed, xiv, 230. ----, report on the state of chemical science in 1826, xi, 349; xii, 1.^f ----, on the materiality of heat, xi, 356; xii, 359. ----, notice of illuminating gas, from cotton seed, viii, 294; x, 363. ----, on the excessive use of sulphur, viii, 394. ----, meteorological report, for 1827, xiv, 176. ----, ---- ----, for 1828, xvi, 70. ----, on the phenomena and causes of hail storms, xviii, 1.^f ----, on adjusting lightning rods, xviii, 362. ----, reply to A. T. Christie on hail-storms, xx, 373. ----, on the New Haven tornado, July, 1839, xxxvii, 340.^f ----, on the nature and cause of the meteors of Nov. 13, 1833, xxv, 363; xxvi, 132.^f ----, cause of the meteors of November, xxix, 376; xxx, 370.^f ----, meteors of November, 1836, xxxi, 286. ----, ---- ----, 1837, xxxiii, 379.^f ----, ---- ----, 1838, xxxv, 368. ----, ---- ----, 1839, xl, 202. ----, ---- of different periods, xxvi, 132. ----, on the Aurora Borealis, xxix, 388; xxxii, 176. ----, on the Zodiacal light, xxvii, 416; xxix, 379. ----, on the eclipse of the sun, of Sept. 1838, xxxv, 174. ----, report of observations on the transit of Mercury, May, 1845, xlix, 142. ----, new experiments on the solar spectrum, xlviii, 137. ----, a paralytic affection cured by a stroke of lightning, iii, 100. ----, memoir of Eli Whitney, xxi, 201.^f ----, Natural Philosophy of, noticed, xxiii, 351; xxv, 214; xxxiv, 219. ----, Introduction to Astronomy by, noticed, xxxvi, 203. ----, Life and Writings of E. P. Mason, by, noticed, xl, 407; xliii, 381.

Ontario valley, geological features of, xi, 213.^f ---- lake, level of, xxxiii, 122; xlv, 16. ---- ----, temperature of, xxxiii, 403; xxxvii, 242. ---- ----, ridge of, xxxvi, 40. ---- ----, evidences of changes of level about, xxxv, 104; xxxvi, 41; xlvi, 315. ---- ----, small lakes running into, xxxvi, 42. ---- ----, shore of, and height of water in, xxxvi, 43.

Onyx, in Missouri, iii, 71.

Oolitic formation in America, xl, 41. ---- ---- in New York, Orange Co., xix, 398. ---- ---- ----, in Saratoga Co., _J. H. Steele_, ix, 16.^f ---- ---- in Ohio, xlii, 233. ---- fossils, remarks on, xxxiii, 107.

Oology, notice of _W. Hewitson's_ work on, xxxvii, 166.

Opal at Vienna, a large, xii, 384. ---- from the graphite mine of Pfaffenreith, one-third water, xv, 390.

Opelousas, geological notice of xxxv, 344.

Ophisaurus ventralis, i, 262.

Opiamon, xlix, 205.

Opianic acid, xlvii, 196; xlix, 205.

Opiano-sulphurous acid, xlix, 205.

Opium, constitution of, xxviii, 359. ----, mode of detecting minute quantities of, _R. Hare_, xii, 290. ----, observations and experiments on, _G. W. Carpenter_, xiii, 17. ----, English, viii, 389; x, 194. ----, paramorphine in, xxiv, 374. ----, thebaine in, xxx, 379.

Opossum, remains in the Stonesfield slate, xxvii, 412; xxxvii, 228.

Optics, notice of _D. Brewster's_ Treatise on, xxiv, 389.

Optical amusements, xvi, 398. ---- experiment, exhibiting the blood vessels of the eye, xxi, 166. ---- deception, instrument for exhibiting a certain, _E. S. Snell_, xxvii, 310. ---- instruments, xix, 390. ---- properties of saccharine juice, _Biot_, xxiv, 379. ---- structure of minerals, notice of, ix, 384. ---- surgery, xviii, 179. ---- trap, v, 200.

Orang Outang, account of, xv, 161.

Orange County of New York, natural history of, _J. Van Rensselaer_, xiii, 224. ----, mineral notices of, _C. U. Shepard_, xxi, 321.^f ----, ---- ----, _J. Fowler_, ix, 242.

Orangeries, v, 190.

Orchis tribe, synonymy of some species of, _A. Gray_, xxxviii, 306. ---- spectabilis, monstrous flower of, _J. W. Bailey_, xxxv, 117.^f

_Ordinaire, J. J._, method of teaching Latin used by, v, 182; vii, 383. ----, on public instruction, vii, 199, 383.

Oregon, fossil bones from, _H. C. Perkins_, xlii, 136.^f ----, fossil bones from, orycterotherium, &c., _R. Harlan_, xliv, 79. ----, geological and miscellaneous remarks on, _J. Ball_, xxviii, 1. ----, climate of, and a meteorological register kept at Fort Vancouver, 1832, 1833, J. Ball, xxviii, 8.

Orenburg, salt steppe of, xliv, 205.

Orford brown tourmaline, xxxiv, 204.

Organic remains, see _Fossil_.

_Oriani, B._, death of, xxv, 186.

Orientals, style of, v, 181.

Oriental minerals, _F. Hall_, xxxiii, 249.

Ornithichnites, see _Footprints_.

Ornithological terms, improved, xxi, 162.

Ornithology, work on, by _T. Nuttall_, noticed, xx, 154; xxii, 178; xxv, 424. ----, see farther under _Zoology_.

_Orr, I._, on the process of memory, xxiii, 278. ----, on the formation of the universe, vi, 128.^f ----, on infinites, v, 326. ----, mathematical propositions by, xxiv, 395.

Orthite, ix, 376.

Orthocerata, see ZOOLOGY, _Mollusca_.

Orthography, English, proposals for improving, xxxix, 197.

Orycterotherium, xlii, 136^f, 392; xliv, 69^f; xlv, 210. ---- Missouriense, xliv, 69^f; xlv, 210. ---- Origonense, xlii, 136^f; xliv, 79.

_Osborn, M. W._ and _N. S._, on a vibrating dam, xliv, 366.

_Osler, F._, on indications of his anemometer, xxxviii, 103.

Osmelite, xv, 388.

Osmium, atomic weight and compounds of, _E. Fremy_, xlix, 199. ----, method of obtaining, from the platinum residue, _F. Wöhler_, xxvi, 371. ----, means of obtaining pure, _E. Fremy_, xlviii, 185.

Ossification of the vitreous humor, xvii, 186.

Ostræa edulis, remarks on, xxxii, 241. ----, see farther under ZOOLOGY, _Mollusca_.

Ostrich toes, xxxv, 312.

Otaheite, letter on, by _J. A. Maerenhaut_, xxix, 283. ----, contents of _J. A. Maerenhaut's_ work on, xxix, 290.

_Otto_, on the separation of zinc from manganese, xlvii, 194.

Oval arches, tracing of, _E. Miller_, xxii, 303.^f

_Owen, D. D._, on fossil palm trees in Indiana, xlv, 336. ----, on geological coloring and symbols, xlv, 351. ----, on geological paintings and illustrations, xlv, 136. ----, geology of the Western States, xliv, 365; xlv, 151, 163. ----, report on Indiana, notice of, xxxiv, 193; xl, 133. ----, on human footprints in limestone, xliii, 14.^f ----, review of New York Geological Reports, xlvi, 143; xlvii, 354^f; xlviii, 296.^f ----, meteorological notices in Indiana, xxix, 294.

_Owen, Richard, Wollaston_ medal, presented to, xxxv, 197. ----, on the fossil bones collected by C. Darwin, xxxv, 196. ----, structure of fossil teeth, xxxv, 307. ----, on the Megatherium, xxxvii, 371. ----, on R. Harlan's notice of new fossil mammalia, xliv, 341. ----, reply of _R. Harlan_ to, xlv, 208. ----, on the Dinornis, and the Connecticut valley fossil footprints, xlv, 185; xlviii, 194. ----, on the bird's nests of New Holland, xlviii, 61. ----, Report on the Fossil Mammalia of Great Britain, xlvii, 186.

_Owen, Robert_, establishment at New Harmony, x, 165; xi, 188. ----, Plans of Education, &c., ix, 161, 383.

Owhyhee, see _Sandwich Islands_--also under _Geology_ and _Volcanoes_.

Oxahverite, xv, 387, [Apophyllite.]

Oxalates, experiments on certain, xiii, 188.

Oxalate of lime, crystallized in plants, xxi, 372.

Oxalic acid, _Gay Lussac_, xxvii, 400. ---- ether, new product from, _Malaguti_, xl, 215. ---- ---- and chlorine, compound of, xl, 215.

Oxygen, absorption of, by water, ii, 349. ----, abstraction of, from the atmosphere, xii, 91. ----, specific gravity of, xxxv, 298. ----, delicate test of, in a gaseous mixture, xvi, 397. ----, a means of resuscitating from drowning, xvi, 250. ----, respiration of, i, 95. ----, action of oils upon, xxiii, 190.

Oxygenized water, iii, 369.

Oxy-hydrogen blowpipe, see under _Blowpipe_. ---- - ---- illumination in light-houses, xxviii, 355.

Oxyria reniformis, xlv, 29.

Oysters, ancient and modern history of, xxxii, 211. ----, fishery of, xxxii, 245. ----, habits of, xxxii, 244. ----, uses, xxxii, 246.

Ozocerite, new mineral species, xxvi, 388.

Ozone, the cause of the electro-chemical odor, _C. F. Schönbein_, xli, 44. ----, nature and properties of, _F. de Moleyns_, xiii, 318. ----, notice of, xlix, 195.

P.

Pachuca silver mines, xxiv, 231.

Pacific, Caroline Islands, some account of, xxviii, 115. ----, currents of, xxv, 131; xlv, 299.

Packfong, composition of, xv, 396.

Paddle fish, Ohio, xii, 201.^f

Paddle wheel and screw, propulsion of vessels by, xlii, 336.

Padua, v, 177.

Pæstum, on the stone of which the temple of, is built, xxxvii, 366.

_Page, C. G._, movements on the surface of water produced by the vibration of glass, xxx, 192. ----, echo in Virginia, xxxvi, 174. ----, new electrical instruments, xxvi, 110.^f ----, method of increasing shocks with J. Henry's apparatus for obtaining sparks and shocks from the calorimotor, xxxi, 137.^f ----, iron, lead and other metals, a substitute for copper in galvanic apparatus, xxxii, 197. ----, on the use of the dynamic multiplier, xxxii, 354.^f ----, musical tones from magnets, xxxii, 396; xxxiii, 118; xlviii, 401. ----, electro-magnetic apparatus and experiments, xxxiii, 190.^f ----, ---- - ---- experiments on the application of electro-magnetism as a moving power, xxxiii, 118, 190^f; xxxv, 106. ----, rotary multiplier, or astatic galvanometer, xxxiii, 376.^f ----, new form of electrepeter, xxxiii, 377.^f ----, new magnetic electrical machine of great power, with two parallel horse-shoe magnets and two straight rotating armatures, with experimental researches, xxxiv, 163.^f ----, ibid, fusion of iron filings by, xxxiv, 169. ----, compound electro-magnets for the magnetic electrical spark, shock and decomposition, xxxiv, 364. ----, magneto-electric multiplier convertible into an electro-magnetic engine, xxxiv, 368.^f ----, magneto-electric and electro-magnetic apparatus, xxxv, 252.^f ----, magnetic electrepeter and electrotome to be used with flat spirals, xxxv, 112.^f ----, compound electro-magnet and electrotome, xxxv, 253.^f ----, circular galvanometers, xxxv, 259.^f ----, revolving armature machine, xxxv, 262^f; xxxvi, 350.^f ----, reciprocating armature engine, xxxv, 263.^f ----, vibrating armature engine, xxxv, 267.^f ----, double helix for inducing magnetism, xxxv, 261.^f ----, on the benefit of fresh immersion in galvanic batteries, xxxvi, 137.^f ----, the galvanoscope, a means of detecting the failure of water in steam boilers, xxxvi, 141.^f ----, observations on electricity, xxxvi, 353. ----, magneto-electric multiplier, xxxvii, 275.^f ----, an improved form of Saxton's magneto-electric machine, xlviii, 392. ----, new electro-magnetic machine, xlix, 131.^f ----, new axial galvanometer, xlix, 136.^f ----, double axial reciprocating engine, xlix, 139.^f ----, entomological cabinet of, for sale, xxxix, 211. ----, mode of preserving Lepidoptera, xlvii, 131.

_Paine, M._, Medical Commentaries, notice of, xxxix, 209.

_Paine, R. T._, on barometric minima of Feb. 16-19, 1842, xlii, 403. ----, on the solar eclipse of July 8, 1842, xlii, 175.

Paint, fine scarlet, for the pallet, xvi, 174. ----, a new green, for artists, xxviii, 148. ----, use of alumina with, for the pallet, xvi, 173. ---- Rock, Virginia, i, 67.

Painting in fresco, means of detaching, iv, 384. ---- on ivory, color of carmine, how produced by red lead, xxvi, 74. ---- of a Parthian archer, by D. Scott, xlii, 215. ---- of porcelain, iii, 217. ---- of the Declaration of Independence, by Col. Trumbull, i, 200.

Paintings, historical, by J. Trumbull, xvi, 163. ----, Trumbull Gallery of, at Yale College, xxxix, 213.^f ----, transparent, by Kœnig, ii, 348. ----, remarks on colors for, xxvi, 74, 75.

Palæonisci found in New Jersey, xliv, 135.

Palæontology, _W. Whewell's_ remarks on, xxxvii, 227.

Palæozoic rocks, classification and nomenclature of, _H. D._ and _W. B. Rogers_, xlvii, 111, 154.

Palermo, iii, 396.

Palestine, on minerals from, _F. Hall_, ix, 337. ----, ----, _I. Bird_, x, 21. ----, various facts relating to, _I. Bird_, xii, 145. ----, notices of, in a letter by _I. Bird_, xv, 374. ----, climate of, xxxi, 183. ----, account of, _J. D. Sherwood_, xlviii, 2.

Palisades, ii, 182.

Palms, _C. F. P. von Martius_ on, noticed, viii, 383.

Palm trees, fossil, Indiana, _D. D. Owen_, xlv, 336. ----, seed of, Mariner's Mill, Ohio, xxxi, 28.^f ----, leaf of, Ohio, xxxi, 35.^f

Palmacites, fossil plants, generic characters of, vii, 182.

Palmetto, used as food in Florida, xxxv, 59.

Paludina, see Zoology, _Mollusca_.

Pantology, of _R. Park_, noticed, xli, 389; xlii, 192.

_Pantoppidan's_ account of the sea serpent, ii, 163.

Paper from the bark of willow, &c., x, 387. ---- from the beach grass, xxxvi, 386. ---- from husks of corn, xxvi, 193. ---- made from marine plants, xv, 169. ----, ivory, iii, 370. ----, lithographic, iii, 370. ----, rice, xxiv, 207. ---- for drawing, a new mode of preparing, xiv, 373. ---- covered with pumice, for removing rust, xv, 169. ---- making, a discovery in, made, x, 193.^f ---- hangings, how protected from injury by dampness of walls, vi, 396.

Papyrus, made from plants, at Syracuse, xxvii, 80.

Paradoxides, _J. Hall_ on, xxxiii, 139.^f

Paragrèles in France, x, 196; xii, 398. ----, efficacy of, xiv, 37.

Parallax of the star 61 Cygni, xxxvi, 200.

Paralysis, cured by lightning, iii, 100.

Paramorphine and Pseudomorphine, xxx, 179.

Parasite tree, _G. W. Long_, xxvi, 106.^f ---- of the honey bee, xxv, 213. ---- of the eggs of the canker worm, xxxviii, 385; xl, 211.

Parasitical plants, xii, 21.

Parhelion, singular, with theory of halos, _E. S. Snell_, xlix, 73.^f

Pargasite, in Massachusetts, x, 11. ----, in New York, xxv, 347.

Parhelia, seen at Otisco, _W. Gaylord_, xxxix, 61.^f ----, seen at Green Bay, _R. E. Clary_, xxviii, 304.^f

Parietin, _R. D. Thomson_, xlix, 195.

_Paris, J. A._, on sandstone, i, 234.

Paris, France, statistics of, iv, 376; ix, 202. ----, suicides in, x, 386. ----, table of punishments in, iv, 386. ----, table of epidemics in, during the past and present centuries, xxv, 197. ----, disinfection of the dead bodies at the Morgue, xxi, 149. ----, fresh water formations, notice of, vi, 381. ----, Linnæan Society of, v, 382. ----, Tract Society of, v, 383. ----, Conservatory of Arts and Trades, v, 383.

Paris, Maine, minerals of, x, 14; xviii, 293.

_Parker, P._, meteorological observations at Canton, August, 1839, xxxviii, 301. ----, on volcanic ashes, xl, 198.

_Parker_, on volcano of Hawaii, xl, 117.^f

_Parkes's_ Chemical Catechism, v, 398. ----, Essays, noticed, viii, 190.

_Parkinson_ and _Frodsham_, on the sea and land rates of chronometers, xxvi, 121. ---- ----, on chronometers, xxix, 297.

_Parnell_, on rare British fishes, xxxv, 310.

_Parnell, E. A._, Elements of Chemical Analysis, xliv, 190.

_Parrot_, on the temperature of the globe, xxvi, 10.

_Parry, Capt. W. E._, observations on the Aurora, notice of, xvi, 148.

Parthian archer, picture of, xlii, 215.

_Partridge, W._, on the manufacture of indigo in the United States, xviii, 237.

_Pascalis, F._, remarks on hail-rods, x, 196. ----, on the small pox, x, 208. ----, upward forces of fluids, xi, 110, 339.^f ----, on the culture of silk in the United States, xvii, 202; xviii, 278. ----, obituary of, xxv, 216.

Pasco silver mines, xvii, 43^f; xxiv, 232.

_Pasquier, A. du_, iodine a reagent for hydrosulphuric acid, xl, 123.

Passeres, new species of, xxxi, 192.

Passiflora Warei, v, 297.

Paste, mode of preserving, vii, 379.

Pasteboard roofs, xxiv, 381.

Pastils, use and preparation of alkaline, for calculus, xi, 388.

Pasture, spring, _E. Ives_, iii, 355.

Patagonia fossil bones, _R. Owen_, xxxiii, 208; xxxv, 196. ---- fossil remains, _C. Darwin_, xxxiii, 105.

Patents, number of new, in different countries in 1822, ix, 198. ----, agency for, at Washington, xxxi, 411.

Patent claims in Piedmont and Sardinia, remark on, xvii, 193.

_Patten, J. H._, air pump of, viii, 143.^f ----, ---- ----, gazometer and balance beam of, ix, 92^f, 327. ----, ---- ----, J. F. Dana, remarks on, viii, 275; ix, 327.

_Patterson_, on electricity from steam, xl, 382.

_Pattinson, H._, new mode of extracting silver from lead, xxxv, 299.

_Patton, J. H._, hurricane in India, xxxvi, 71.

_Paulding, N._, on shells, ii, 371.

Pavia, v, 177.

Paving with wood, xxxviii, 136.

_Payen_, means of employing dead animals, xxiv, 326. ----, on the woody tissue of plants, xl, 176. ----, on the bleaching of oils, xlvii, 196.

Peach trees, cause of decay in, xi, 194.

Peaches on an almond tree, ii, 363.

Pearl ashes, method of manufacturing, _G. A. Rogers_, viii, 304.

Pearls and pearl fishery, xxxii, 56, 68. ----, in fluviatile shells, xxv, 257.

_Pearson's_ Domestic Telegraph, iv, 314.^f

Peat, on the use and mode of formation of, _E. North_, xi, 67. ----, on the origin, preparation and uses of, from a memoir by _Ribaucourt_, xv, 250. ----, gas light from, xxx, 189. ----, instance of bituminization of, in Maine, _C. T. Jackson_, xxxiv, 73. ----, in Massachusetts, xxii, 38. ----, in New York, i, 139; v, 8; xxxvi, 16. ----, moss, mode of determination of age of, xxix, 349.

Peat-bogs, observations on, _G. H. Adams_, xxxviii, 127.

_Peck, J._, geology of the mining districts in Georgia, western North Carolina and East Tennessee, with a map, xxiii, 1.

Pecten, uses and economical notice of, xxxii, 248, 219.

Pectic acid, converted to oxalic, xvii, 179.

_Peirce, B._, elements of the third comet of 1845, xlix, 220.

_Peligot, E._, on tea, xlviii, 187.

_Pelletier_, on guaiac resin, xlix, 194.

Peloconite, new mineral species, xxii, 387; xxvi, 386.

Pelopium, new metal, xlviii, 400.

_Pelouze, J._, on tannin, xxviii, 124. ----, on the atomic weights of simple bodies, xlvii, 188. ----, on the solubility of chlorine in water, xlvii, 191.

_Peltier_, on tornadoes, xxxviii, 401.

Pendulum, new compensating, _W. G. Jones_, xxxviii, 274.^f ----, experiments on the vibrations of, with different suspending springs, _W. J. Frodsham_, xxxvii, 278. ----, _W. J. Frodsham's_ improved compound, xxviii, 107. ----, portable mercurial, _E. J. Dent_, xxxv, 289. ----, vibrations of a mercurial, _G. Baker_, xlviii, 156. ----, barometric compensation of, xlvi, 393. ----, oscillations in the plane of the meridian and at right angles with the same, different, xxviii, 62. ----, simultaneous motions of the surrounding air and, _S. D. Poisson_, xxiii, 391. ----, _E. Sabine's_ experiments with, and conclusions, xvii, 364. ----, on the reduction to a vacuum of the vibrations of an invariable, xvii, 365.

Penetrativeness of fluids, xix, 360.

Penguins, habits of, xlix, 151.

_Pennant, Thos._, life and writings of, xxxvii, 146.

Pennatule flèche, iv, 87.^f

Pennine, form and analysis of, xlvii, 216.

Pennsylvania, coal beds of Wyoming, _Z. Cist_, iv, 1.^f ----, ---- ---- ----, rocks accompanying, vii, 260. ----, ----, remarks on the properties and economical uses of anthracite, _B. Silliman_, x, 331; --characters, 332; experiments on, 333; uses of, in the arts, 337; mode of burning, 338, 341; comparative value of Lehigh and Schuylkill, 339; price in New York, 340; general qualities of, 343; documents relating to the value of, 346. ----, ----, characters of anthracite, _B. Silliman_, xi, 91; --analysis of the Lehigh by _L. Vanuxem_, 93; directions as to burning, 94; remarks on _M. Bull's_ memoir on the healing power of fuels, 98. ----, coal; value, position, extent, &c., of anthracite, _J. Pierce_, xii, 54. ----, ----, Mauch Chunk, _J. Pierce_, xii, 56; yield of Mauch Chunk beds in 1825, and statistics relating to, 57; navigation of the Lehigh, 58; rations to laborers, 61; Mount Carbon or Pottsville, 63; price of coal, 64; Peter's Mountain, 65; Wyoming beds, 66; Lackawanna, 67. ----, ----, on the bituminous, _J. Pierce_, xii, 69; --use of, in making iron, 73. ----, ---- mines of Belmont on the Lackawanna, _T. Ritter_, xii, 301. ----, ---- on Tioga river, chemical analysis and description of, _W. Meade_, xiii, 32; --the two great coal districts of the state, 35. ----, ---- region of the valley of the Lackawanna and Wyoming, _B. Silliman_, xviii, 308.^f ----, ---- ---- of Mauch Chunk, &c., _B. Silliman_, xix, 1^f, 11; --mine, 12; new mines, 17; Beaver Meadow mine, 19; xx, 163. ----, ---- region between Cumberland and Pittsburg, _S. W. Pomeroy_, xxi, 342. ----, ---- vegetable fibres apparent in the anthracite, _B. Silliman_, xxiv, 173. ----, ---- region of the Monongahela valley, xxix, 60^f, 61, 64.^f ----, ---- ---- of the Conemaugh and Kiskiminitas, xxix, 73, 74.^f ----, ----, remarks on the extent and characters of the bituminous, _S. P. Hildreth_, xxix, 77. ----, ---- field of Carbon Creek, (Bradford coal field) with analyses, _W. R. Johnson_, xxxix, 137. ----, ----, southern, _M. C. Lea_, xl, 370; --various analyses, 373. ----, ----, ----, model of, with notices of geological features, &c., _R. C. Taylor_, xli, 80.^f ----, ----, on the general character, limits, and relations of the beds, _J. Hall_, xlii, 52. ----, ---- formation, _H. D. Rogers_, xli, 177. ----, Beaver Meadow mine, xix, 19. ----, Bethlehem, catalogue of plants near, _J. Wolle_ and _A. L. Hübener_, xxxvii, 310. ----, Blue ridge gap, xix, 6. ----, Carbon Creek, region, _W. R. Johnson_, xxxix, 137. ----, Chester Co., mineralogy of, _G. W. Carpenter_, xiv, 1. ----, Conemaugh and Kiskiminitas regions, xxix, 71.^f ----, diluvial scratches in, _H. D. Rogers_, xliii, 180. ----, Easton, notice of, _B. Silliman_, xix, 5. ----, ----, rare plants of, _L. de Schweinitz_, viii, 267. ----, ----, geology of the country near, and list of minerals, _J. Finch_, viii, 236.^f ----, geological survey of, proposed, xii, 173. ----, ---- report of _H. D. Rogers_, noticed, xxxii, 192; xxxiv, 188; xxxvii, 380; xli, 385. ----, internal improvements in, xxv, 84; xxvi, 108. ----, iron furnace at Mauch Chunk, xii, 61. ----, iron ores of Center and Huntingdon Cos., xii, 73; --mode of manufacturing, 74. ----, ---- ---- of Belmont coal mines, xii, 302. ----, ---- ----, analysis of, _W. R. Johnson_, xxxviii, 383; xxxix, 142. ----, Lackawanna region and coal, _J. Pierce_, xii, 67. ----, ---- ibid, Belmont, _T. Ritter_, xii, 301. ----, Laurel Mountains, xxi, 346. ----, Lehigh coal and navigation company, xxiv, 173. ----, Lehigh coal, analysis of, xl, 373. ----, Lehigh river, character of, _J. Pierce_, xii, 59. ----, Mauch Chunk and vicinity, xii, 56, 60. ----, ---- ----, _B. Silliman_, xix, 7;--canal, 7, 8; scenery, 8; railroad, 9, 16; cost of main railway, 11; mines, &c., 11; public house, 16. ----, mineral resources of, _J. Pierce_, xii, 54. ----, Monongahela valley, rocks and coal, xxix, 58, 60^f, 63.^f ----, Fort Pitt remains, _W. B. Weed_, xxi, 197. ----, Pittsburgh coal strata, xxix, 68.^f ----, ----, amount of coal consumed at, xxix, 79. ----, ----, manufactures of, xxix, 79. ----, Pottsville or Mount Carbon, _J. Pierce_, xii, 63, 65. ----, ----, descent from, to Philadelphia, xii, 64. ----, ----, Carbondale, xviii, 313, 319, 324. ----, salt wells of Conemaugh and Kiskiminitas, xxix, 72, 74. ----, ---- ---- ----, coal consumed in the manufacture, xxix, 79. ----, ---- springs of Conemaugh and Kiskiminitas, and manufacture, xii, 70. ----, ---- ---- near Pittsburgh, xii, 72. ----, ---- ---- in Mercer Co., xii, 72. ----, scenery from Harrisburg, westward, _W. B. Weed_, xxi, 197. ----, Schuylkill, passage of, and of canal, through the Blue Ridge, _J. Pierce_, xii, 64; navigation of, 65. ----, soil of the counties near Ohio, xii, 73. ----, trap dikes in, _H. D. Rogers_, xli, 173. ----, Westmoreland Co., footprints in, _A. T. King_, xlviii, 217, 343^f; xlix, 216.^f ----, Wyoming region and coal beds, iv, 1^f; vii, 260. ----, ---- ---- ----, _J. Pierce_, xii, 66. ----, ---- ---- ----, _B. Silliman_, xviii, 309^f; --disputed title, 315; scenery and surface, 316; people, forts, battle ground, 317.

Pentremites, see ZOOLOGY, _Radiata_.

Pepper, analysis of, iv, 390.

_Pepys, W. H._, electro-magnetic apparatus, vii, 195.

Perca nobilis, dissection of the eye of, xxvii, 216.^f

Perchloric ether, xlii, 63.

_Percival, J. G._, minerals of Berlin, v, 42.^f ----, analysis of _Ad. Brongniart_ on fossil vegetation, vii, 178. ----, on the geology and mineralogy of Sicily, viii, 201. ----, on the zoological characters of formations, viii, 213. ----, curious effect of solar light, xii, 169, 180. ----, Report on the Geology of Connecticut, notice of, xliv, 187. ----, crescent form of dikes first observed by, xlvi, 205.

Percussion powder, xviii, 156.

_Perdicaris, G. A._, on the revival of letters in Greece, xxxvi, 192.

_Perkins, G. R._, interesting properties of numbers, xl, 112. ----, solution of a functional equation, xlii, 69. ----, new method of computing interest, xlvii, 51.

_Perkins, H. C._, notices of fossil bones from Oregon, xlii, 136.^f

_Perkins, J._, compressibility of water, iii, 347.^f ----, engraving on steel, iii, 353. ----, new steam engine, vii, 111.^f ----, mode of applying his method of generating steam to the boilers of ordinary steam engines, vii, 116, 332.^f ----, on steam engines, xiii, 40. ----, on the cutting of steel by soft iron, vii, 390.

_Perkins, T._, salting of ship timber, ii, 117.

_Perkins's_ Algebra, noticed, xliii, 380.

_Peron_, on the temperature of the ocean, xvii, 295.

_Perrine, H._, on the Agave and other plants used for cordage, xxv, 330.

_Perry, T. H._, magnetic dip in different regions, xlvii, 84. ----, method of adjusting the dipping needle, xxxvii, 277. ----, on some of the probable effects of a resisting medium, xxxviii, 246.

_Persoon_, obituary notice of, xxxii, 215.

Peru, Andes of, xviii, 182. ----, ----, highest elevations of, xviii, 184. ----, ----, highest habitations of men in, xviii, 183. ----, ----, trachytes of, xviii, 183. ----, ----, the mining regions of, xvii, 43. ----, mines of, xvii, 43^f; xxiv, 232. ----, physical features, xvii, 47. ----, antiquities of, xvii, 116.^f ----, ancient and modern races of, _S. G. Morton_, xxxviii, 360^f, 365.^f ----, ancient race of men in the Andes, xxix, 358. ----, Atacama, nitrate of soda of, xii, 385. ----, province of Tarapaca, _J. H. Blake_, xxxix, 375; xliv, 1.^f

Peruvian bark, on, _G. W. Carpenter_, ix, 363; xvi, 28. ---- ----, on a new variety of, _G. W. Carpenter_, xx, 52. ---- ----, adulterations in, xix, 81.

_Pestalozzi, H._, death of, xiii, 183.

Pestalozzian system, ix, 163; x, 145.

Pestum, stone of the temples at, xxxvii, 366.

Petalite in Canada, viii, 69.

Petersburg, St., Russia, libraries of, v, 177. ----, Botanic Garden, xx, 175.

Petrified, see _Fossil_.

Petrifying springs in New York, xxxvi, 11.

Petroleum in the salt springs of the Ohio valley, xxiv, 63. ---- in the valley of the little Kenawha, xxix, 86. ---- in the Kenawha valley, xxix, 121. ---- in the valley of the Sandy river, Virginia, xxix, 129. ---- or oil spring of Allegany Co., N. Y., xxiii, 97. ----, well of, near Burksville, Ky., xxxix, 195.

_Pettengill, A._, on floating islands, xii, 122. ----, stellarota of, xvi, 363.

_Pettenkoffer, M._, test for bile, xlix, 206.

Peucedanum ternatum, xxviii, 165.

_Pfaff_, theory of voltaic electricity, xix, 178.

Phacelia, species of, xlv, 171, 172.

Phalæna devastator, i, 154.

Phalangium esculentum, iv, 60.

Pharmaceutical preparations, ii, 373.

Phascolatherium, xxxvii, 230.

Phenacite, xxx, 177. ----, supposed locality at Goshen, Mass., _C. U. Shepard_, xxxiv, 329. ----, not at Goshen, Mass., xliii, 366.

Phi Beta Kappa Society of New York, xxvii, 388.

Philadelphia water works, vi, 375; viii, 193. ----, population of, xxi, 194. ---- College of Pharmacy, Journal of, xxi, 173. ---- Academy of Science, see _Academy_.

_Phillips, J._, on the principles of geology, from the geology of Yorkshire, xxi, 2.

_Phillips, R._, on certain chemical equivalents, xxxvii, 368. ----, on the state of iron in soils, xlix, 394.

_Phillips, W._ and _W. D. Conybeare's_ Outlines of Geology, &c., noticed, vii, 203. ---- ---- Geological arrangement, viii, 261. ----, mineralogical collection of, xvi, 379; xlviii, 219. ----, mineralogy of, _F. Alger's_ edition, noticed, xlvi, 203; xlvii, 333 (reviewed). ----, obituary of, xv, 160.

_Phillips, W._, essay on the Georgia gold mines, xxiv, 1.^f

Philology, origin of the languages of Europe, iv, 379. ----, _F. Adelung's_ conclusion as to the number of languages on the earth, iii, 376; x, 383.

Philosophers, morality of the Greek and Roman, ix, 365.

Philosophical instruments, _Gambey's_, vii, 374. ---- apparatus, xxiv, 175. ---- ----, American, xxvii, 292.

Philosophy of the human voice, _J. Rush_ on, xxv, 425.

Phloridzin, discovery of, announced, xxviii, 383. ----, notice of, xxx, 377.

Phlox, species of, xi, 169, 170; xlv, 177.

Phormium tenax, used for cordage, xxi, 37.

Phosphates of alkalies, action of, on carbonate of lime, &c., _J. L. Smith_, xlviii, 97.

Phosphate of lime in the teeth of infusoria, xxviii, 386. ---- ----, eupyrchroite identical with, xlvi, 32. ---- ----, see _Apatite_. ---- of soda, impurities in, xix, 82.

Phosphorescence of the ocean, v, 133; xvii, 209; xviii, 166, 187. ---- ----, observations on, in the Bonite, xxxvi, 208. ---- ----, _Ehrenberg_, xxxv, 372. ---- of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, xviii, 187. ---- of fluor spar, ii, 142. ---- of several sub-resins, x, 189. ---- communicated by means of electricity, xxi, 378.

Phosphorescent plants, xv, 170.

Phosphori, solar, xvii, 170.

Phosphoric acid in plants, and all vegetable extracts, ii, 358. ---- ----, use of, in jaundice, iv, 162. ---- ----, precipitation of albumen by, xvi, 396. ---- ----, _J. Pelouze_, xxviii, 129.

Phosphorus, fuels connected with the history of, xlix, 197. ----, preparation of, xix, 382. ----, impurities of, xlix, 197. ----, density of vapor of, xxiii, 383; xxxv, 298. ---- in kelp, xiii, 187. ----, combustion of, in nitrous oxide, _R. Hare_, xxxii, 290.^f ----, in vacuo, xviii, 147. ----, inflammation of, in a rarefied medium, xxiv, 390. ----, explosion of, with nitric acid, xvi, 366. ----, mode of powdering, xx, 194. ----, hydrate of, _H. Rose_, xxviii, 140. ----, oxide of, _Berzelius_, xlix, 193. ----, isomeric acids of, xlvi, 64.

Phosphurets, apparatus for deflagrating, in vacuo, xxxix, 366.

Phosphuret of lime, on the preparation of, xvii, 349. ---- ----, xlix, 193. ---- of nitrogen, xxviii, 140.

Phosphuretted hydrogen, on the formation of, _L. C. Beck_, xii, 294. ---- ----, a new, _P. Thenard_, xlviii, 184. ---- ----, effect of, on metallic decompositions, xviii, 403.

Photogenic power of light from burning coke, xxxvii, 368.

Photography, Daguerre's process in, xxxvii, 374; xxxviii, 97. ---- and photogenic drawings, by Daguerre and Talbot, xxxvii, 169. ----, processes in, _A. Fyfe_, xxxvii, 175. ----, perfection of the art of, _J. Robison_, xxxvii, 183. ----, daguerrotype and its applications, _W. H. Goode_, xl, 137. ----, improvement in the daguerrotype process of, _F. A. P. Barnard_, xli, 352. ----, daguerrotype experiment by galvanic light, _B. Silliman, Jr._ and _W. H. Goode_, xliii, 185. ----, daguerrotype pictures, mode of fixing, engraving and painting from, _Berres_, xxxix, 385. ----, copies of engravings by, xlii, 164.

Photographic delineation of nebulæ; at Rome, _P. F. de Vico_, xliv, 375. ---- impression of the solar spectrum, _J. W. Draper_, xliv, 204. ---- impressions obtained on silver, &c., without previous preparation, xliv, 159. ---- preparation made with ferro-cyanate of potash, _R. Hunt_, xlii, 317. ---- paper, mode of preparing, xxxvii, 171, 175, 361. ---- ----, action of the different rays of the spectrum on, producing colors, _J. F. W. Herschel_, xxxviii, 111. ---- ----, intensity of light in diffuse daylight measured by, _A. Ure_, xxxviii, 107. ---- process, observations on, _W. F. Channing_, xliii, 73. ---- ---- called Chromatype, _R. Hunt_, xlvi, 396. ---- ----, by which dormant pictures are made, which the breath or moisture will develop, xlvi, 393.

Photometer, _X. de Maistre_, xxiv, 378.^f ----, new, _C. Daubeny_, xxxviii, 96.

Phrenology, notice of _Gall's_ and _Spurzheim's_ views, xxiii, 357. ----, _G. Combe's_ lectures on, in New Haven, xxxviii, 391. ----, remarks on, xxxix, 65.

Phthisis in Paris in 1828, xix, 193.

Phyllites, fossil plants, generic characters of, vii, 182.

Phyllite in Massachusetts, xvi, 207.

Physa, see ZOOLOGY, _Mollusca_.

Physalis pubescens, xi, 170.

_Physick, P. S._, notice of, xxxviii, 155.

Physics, _N. Arnott's_ Elements of, noticed, xx, 155.

Physical Geography, effects of, on the boundaries of empires, _J. Finch_, xiv, 18.

Physiology, some of the principles of, _A. Fourcault_, xix, 391. ----, animal, xxiv, 382. ----, vegetable, xix, 393; xxiii, 138; xxxiii, 290.

_Pickering, C._, description of the Caligus americanus, xxxiv, 225.^f

_Pickering, J._, notice of life of _N. Bowditch_, xxxv, 386.

Pickeringite, analysis of, _A. A. Hayes_, xlvi, 360.

Picropharmacolite of Rügelsdorf, vii, 368.

_Pictet, M. A._, death of, x, 179.

Pictured rocks of Lake Superior, composition of, v, 220.

Pictures, transparent, ii, 348.

_Pierce, E._, on meteoric iron from Otsego Co., N. Y., xlvi, 402.

_Pierce, J._, native carbonate of magnesia on Staten Island, i, 142. ----, geology, mineralogy, scenery, &c. of the secondary region of a part of New York, New Jersey, and the adjacent regions, ii, 181. ----, on mineral waters, &c., iii, 235, 236. ----, on the geology, mineralogy, &c. of the Highlands of New York and New Jersey, v, 26. ----, geology, scenery, &c. of the Catskill Mountains, vi, 86. ----, notice of the alluvial district of New Jersey, with remarks on the marl, vi, 237. ----, an excursion among the White Mountains and up Mount Washington, viii, 172. ----, agriculture, geology, &c. of the Floridas, ix, 119. ----, topography, resources, &c. of Michigan, x, 304. ----, Virginia, shell marl and coal regions of, xi, 54. ----, mineral resources of Pennsylvania, xii, 54.

_Pierce, L._, notice of a halo, x, 369.^f

_Pierpont, J._, meteorological notes in 1692, xlii, 399.

Pig, anecdote of, xlvi, 243.

Pigeons, flight of, in Ohio, _S. P. Hildreth_, xxiv, 134, 136; xl, 348. ----, roosts of, in Ohio, xl, 348. ----, mode of decoying, xvi, 373.

Pigment for the pallet, xvi, 174.

Pilatus, Mount, slide of, iii, 368.

Pimelite in Vermont, viii, 234.

Pine timber, strength of, xix, 228.^f

Pinguite, new mineral species, xx, 197.

Pinite in Massachusetts, ix, 48. ---- (chlorophyllite) in Connecticut, vi, 219; xli, 354. ---- not at Bellows Falls, Vt., xi, 384.

Pink dye, from the flower of the sweet balm, xxv, 413.

Pipa, xi, 271.

Piperine, use of, _G. W. Carpenter_, xiii, 326. ----, notice of, _T. G. Clemson_, xviii, 352.

Piper leptostachyum, v, 287.

Pipes, iron conduit, vi, 173.

Pipestone, red, of the Côteau des Prairies, xxxvii, 393; xxxviii, 138.

_Pirira_, on salicine, xlix, 392.

Pisa, notice of, iv, 383.

Pisolite in Massachusetts, ii, 238.

Pisolitic balls, xliv, 283.^f

Piston, Cooper's rotative, xvi, 313.^f

Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, account of, _S. P. Hildreth_, xxix, 68, 79.

_Pixii_, rotating magnetic machine, xxiv, 144, 146^f, 196.

Plague in Constantinople, remarks on, xxxiv, 32.

Planes, inclined, in the construction of rail roads, _J. Thomson_, xxiii, 107.

Planera, or Siberian elm, notice of, xx, 377.

Planet, supposed new, beyond Herschel, _Cacciatore_, xxxi, 158. ---- Jupiter and his satellites, _Struve_, xiii, 173. ---- Saturn, xiii, 172; xvii, 162; xxv, 191; xxxvii, 373; xliv, 383. ---- ----, sixth satellite of, xxxiv, 207. ---- Venus, _P. F. de Vico_, xliv, 377, 383. ---- ----, rotation of, xxiv, 204.

Planets moving in a resisting medium, examination of the theory of, _R. W. Haskins_, xxxiii, 1. ----, ibid, remarks on, xvii, 389. ----, sizes of, xxxiii, 17. ----, motion of, represented, xii, 103. ----, comparative oblateness of, xxxi, 222.

Planetarium, Russell's, xlii, 400.

Planetary spaces, temperature of, xxxii, 1; xxxiv, 57.

Planorbis, see ZOOLOGY, _Mollusca_.

Plants, number of known species, xlix, 172. ---- of New York, number of indigenous, _J. Torrey_, xl, 77. ----, classification of, according to a natural system, _Robert Brown_, i, 435. ----, grand division, into exogens, endogens and acrogens, xxxii, 295. ----, other subdivisions, xxxii, 296, 299. ----, soul or spiritual life of, _C. F. P. von Martius_, xl, 170. ----, ammonia disengaged by growing, x, 190. ----, carbonic acid disengaged by the roots of, xlv, 227. ----, non-decomposition of carbonic acid by, xxxiv, 44. ----, circulation in, _E. Emmons_, xxvi, 99. ----, ---- of sap in, xix, 393. ----, chemistry of, _J. Liebig_, xl, 177. ----, chemical constitution of cellular and woody tissue in, xl, 176. ----, cultivation of, in moss, xiii, 189. ----, crystalline substances from the juice of, xi, 391. ----, crystals in, _Turpin_, xix, 177; xx, 382. ----, crystals of oxalate of lime in, xx, 383; xxi, 372. ----, crystals in the tissues of, _J. W. Bailey_, xlv, 149; xlviii, 17.^f ----, effect of light on the color and movements of, _D. P. Gardner_, xlvi, 1.^f ----, effect of light on the germination of the seeds of, xliv, 352. ----, ---- ---- on the growth of, xliv, 352; xlvi, 397; xlvii, 194. ----, experiments on inorganic elements of, xlvii, 194. ----, effect of climate on geography of, xlvii, 221. ----, effect of frost of the winter of 1837-8 in England, upon, _J. Lindley_, xxxix, 18. ----, ---- of chemical solutions on, xvii, 388. ----, excrementitious matter from, _J. Buel_, xxviii, 267. ----, experiments on garden, _J. T. Plummer_, xl, 197. ----, growth of, in closely glazed cases, xliii, 383. ----, growing under glass, _C. Daubeny_, xxxiv, 11. ----, ---- ibid, _N. B. Ward_, xxxiv, 11. ----, ---- ibid, _J. Yates_, xxxiv, 13. ----, growing on animals, _S. L. Mitchill_, xii, 21. ----, on the development of the external organs of, xxxvii, 187. ----, on the leafing of, xliv, 419. ----, indicators of seasons, ii, 255. ----, phosphorescent, xv, 170. ----, phosphoric acid in, ii, 358. ----, poisoning of, xv, 169. ----, respiration in, xxii, 363. ----, sleep of, xxii, 375. ----, used for cordage, xxi, 27; xxv, 330; xxviii, 371; xli, 200.^f ---- and mosses, iodine in, xlv, 227. ----, fossil, accompanying anthracite coal, ix, 165. ----, ----, at Mariner's Mill, Ohio, xxxi, 28.^f ----, ----, in coal strata of England, iii, 389; xxxiii, 87, 270. ----, ----, of the coal formations, _A. Brongniart_, iv, 266.^f ----, ----, analysis of _Ad. Brongniart's_ work on, vii, 178. ----, see farther under _Botany_ and _Vegetable_.

Plaster, on the setting of, xvii, 371. ---- of Paris, see _Gypsum_.

Plastic clay of the southeast of England, xxxiii, 92. ---- ---- and sand formation of New Jersey, Massachusetts coast, and elsewhere, vii, 34, 214, 244.

Plate electrical machine, _R. Hare_, vii, 108^f; xxxii, 272.^f ---- ---- ----, viii, 378.

Platinum, size of grains of, xvi, 389. ----, price of, (1833,) xxvi, 210. ----, imitation of, xxii, 383. ----, on the fusion of, _R. Hare_, ii, 295; xxxiii, 195; xxxv, 328; xxxviii, 155, 163. ----, test for, vi, 376. ----, amalgam of, xxvii, 363. ----, action of, on combustible gases mixed with oxygen, xii, 181. ---- mines, found in the Ural, Russia, xii, 384; xiv, 204; xviii, 190; xxviii, 395. ---- of Russia, large masses, xvi, 389; xlvi, 212. ----, large mass of, from Peru, iv, 28; xvi, 389. ----, analysis of the Russian, _J. J. Berzelius_, xviii, 162. ----, in France, xxvi, 389. ---- boilers, at Paris, xvii, 179. ---- lamp, xx, 385. ---- wire, ignited, i, 309. ---- ----, action of heated, on combustible gases, _W. Henry_, xii, 181. ----, spongy, combustion with, discovered by _J. W. Döbereiner_, vii, 387. ----, ----, _J. W. Döbereiner's_ researches on, xviii, 151. ----, ----, _J. Liebig_, xviii, 398. ----, ----, action of, prevented by certain gases, xxxi, 348. ----, ----, ----, _Kuhlmann_, xxxvii, 198. ----, on the dark precipitate of, _J. Liebig_, xviii, 398. ----, new compounds of, _J. W. Döbereiner_, xxviii, 130. ----, a bichloride of, combined with deutoxide of nitrogen, _H. D. Rogers_, xxxviii, 186; xxxix, 369. ----, a property of asbestus imbued with chloride of, xx, 160. ----, chloriodide of, _W. W. Mather_, xxvii, 258. ---- and hydrogen, no combination of, _J. W. Döbereiner_, xxxiv, 207. ---- and soda, a double sulphite of the protoxide of, _A. Litton_ and _Schnederman_, xliv, 274. ----, iodide of potassium and, _W. W. Mather_, xxvii, 257.

Plesiosaurus, from north of Whitby, England, xxix, 364. ----, notice of, xvii, 289.

_Plessy_, on the hydrosulphite of soda, xlix, 200.

Pleurodon, _R. Owen_, xliv, 342.

_Pliny_, on the influence of the ash on reptiles, xxx, 268.

Plough, American, compared with French, vii, 190.

Plumbagine, a new vegetable substance, xvii, 385.

Plumbago formed by pressure, xlix, 227. ----, see _Graphite_.

Plumbago floridana, v, 290.

Plumbocalcite, new mineral species, xxvi, 386.

_Plummer, J. T._, miscellaneous observations on insects, xl, 146. ----, motion of particles of melted spermaceti of a burning candle, xl, 148. ----, suburban geology, (Indiana) xliv, 281.^f ----, fucoids in Indiana, xliv, 290.^f ----, scraps in natural history, xlvi, 236; xlviii, 93. ----, horticultural experiments, xl, 197. ----, on the dry-rot, xlii, 197. ----, combustibility of wood ashes, xlii, 167.^f ----, on a dangerous property of wood ashes, xliii, 80.

Plumose mica, ii, 141.

Pluranium, announced as a new metal, from the Ural, xvi, 384.

Pluviometrical observations, see under _Rain_ and _Meteorological_.

Pneumatic cistern of _R. Hare_, xiv, 200^f; xxxiii, 246.^f ---- paradox, on the true theory of, _J. H. Abbot_, xxxix, 296^f; xl, 144.^f

Poa modesta, xlv, 45.

Poacites, fossil plants, generic characters of, vii, 182.

Poem, geological, v, 272.

Poison of the Argas persicus, xxxiii, 271. ----, Senecio obovatus poison to sheep, xv, 358. ---- of the common toad, xiv, 373.

Poisons, animal, ii, 168. ----, ----, antidotes for, ii, 358. ----, ----, salt a remedy for, xxi, 158. ---- ----, ammonia an antidote against, xvi, 182. ----, ----, the Uvularia perfoliata a remedy for, _B. H. Coates_, xxxv, 270. ----, action of, on vegetables, xii, 196; xv, 169.

Poisonous confectionary, xviii, 157.

_Poisson, S. D._, on the temperature of the earth, atmosphere and of space, xxxiv, 57. ----, death of, xl, 220.

Poland, a history of, published by N. Rosenfield, vi, 390.

Polanisia, i, 378.

Polar, north, fogs of, xiv, 378. ----, ----, account of explorations, i, 101; xvi, 124.

Polariscope, for polarized light, xv, 369.^f ----, natural, of tourmaline in mica, _B. Silliman, Jr._, xlvii, 418.

Polarity, new kind of, in light, _D. Brewster_, xxxv, 292. ---- of molecules in crystallization, _J. D. Dana_, xxx, 275.^f ----, electric, see under _Electricity_.

Polarization of heat, xxviii, 366, 397. ---- ----, remarks on, _J. D. Forbes_, xl, 317. ---- of light by reflection, _D. Brewster_, xxii, 277.^f ---- by refraction, laws of, _D. Brewster_, xxiii, 28^f, 227.^f ----, use of mica in, _J. D. Forbes_, xxxviii, 101. ----, elliptical, of reflected light, _B. Powell_, xliv, 171; xlvi, 390. ----, auroral light without, _J. Henry_, xxxix, 366.

Polarized rings produced in specimens of decomposed glass, _D. Brewster_, xl, 325. ---- light, exhibited by means of oxy-hydrogen microscope, xxxviii, 102.

Polarizing rocks, xx, 198.

Pole, north, attempts to discover, i, 101.

Polishing of granite, iv, 246; viii, 185.

Pollen, analysis of, _M. Prinsep_, xviii, 402. ----, yellow showers of, xxxix, 399; xlii, 195. ----, ---- ----, examined by _J. W. Bailey_, xlii, 196.^f

Polycrase, a new mineral species, xlix, 394.

Polygons, on the measure of, _G. C. Whitlock_, xlvii, 380.^f

Polyhydrite, xlii, 386.

Polynesian Islands, new work on, xxix, 290.

Polynomials, involution of, _W. J. Lewis_, xlii, 239.

Polyps, a group of, v, 46.

Polytechnic Institute of Vienna, x, 379. ---- Society of Paris, xxiv, 191.

Polythalamia, American, xli, 400.^f ----, fossil, in the United States, _J. W. Bailey_, xlviii, 102, 340.^f ----, ----, from Petersburg, Va., _J. W. Bailey_, xlv, 313. ----, ----, from the Upper Mississippi, _J. W. Bailey_, xli, 400.^f

_Pomeroy, S. W._, remarks on the coal formation of Pennsylvania, xxi, 343.

Pompeii, how covered, iii, 374. ----, excavation of, iv, 384.

Pompton Mountains, N. J., rocks of, v, 241.

Pond, a fermenting, v, 199.

_Ponton, M._, on paper for photography, xxxvii, 361.

Poor, education of, iii, 379.

Popocatepetl, ascent of, xxviii, 220.

Population of France, xv, 397. ---- of Glasgow, proportion of males to females, xxviii, 80. ---- of Great Britain, xxiv, 211. ---- of Manchester, England, xxviii, 80. ---- of Prussia, ix, 184. ---- of Russia, iv, 389. ---- and religion of Russia, xv, 397. ---- of Sweden, in 1816, 17, 18, ii, 347. ---- of the United States at the earliest census, xxxiii, 278. ---- ----, rate of increase since first census, xxxiii, 278, 279. ---- of New York city, in 1826, x, 398.

Populine, xix, 380.

Porcelain and porcelain clays, i, 57. ---- and earthenware, on the art, xxvi, 233^f; --history of, 233; Egyptian, 234; Roman, 234; Phenicia, 235; Indian mounds, 237; Chinese, 237; European, 238; Wedgewood ware, 242; kinds of, 259; materials used for, 245; processes, 249; mode of glazing, 254. ----, mode of coloring, iii, 217; xxvi, 256. ----, enamel for, v, 189. ----, manufactory at Philadelphia, xiv, 198; xviii, 384. ----, difference between the English, and that of the continent, xxxiii, 407. ---- clay, from Granby, Ct., xviii, 199. ---- ----, of Pennsylvania and Delaware, xviii, 384. ---- ----, in Maryland, xxvii, 19.

Porosity of glass and siliceous bodies, vii, 192.

Porphyry of the Chinese frontier, xvii, 32. ---- in Nova Scotia, xv, 203, 213. ---- of Peru, xvii, 57.

Portable gas, xv, 189. ---- ---- lamp, iii, 371.

_Porter, A. L._, edition of Gray's Operative Chemist, by, noticed, xix, 362.

_Porter, J._, floral calendar of Plainfield, Mass., 1818, i, 254. ----, ---- ----, ibid, for 1819; iii, 273. ----, on snow crystals, ii, 339. ----, minerals of Plainfield, v, 270. ----, catalogue of minerals, vi, 246; vii, 58, 252; viii, 233; x, 18. ----, notice of a rocking stone, ix, 27.^f ----, on the American Antiquarian Society, xviii, 136. ----, on the garden of Fromont, xx, 83. ----, Roxbury rocking stone, vii, 59.^f

_Porter, R. K._, travels in Persia, xxxvii, 347.

_Porter, T. D._, contributions to the Geological Society, ii, 143. ----, geological notice of some parts of North and South Carolina, iii, 227. ----, reply to _T. Cooper_ on tests of arsenic, iv, 160. ----, mineral localities on the Connecticut, ix, 177.^f ----, specimens of Zircon, iii, 229; v, 271.

_Porter, W. S._, sketches of Alabama, xiii, 77.

Portugal, public instruction in, vii, 198.

Post office department, progress of the American, xv, 373.

Post offices in France, income of, for 1824, x, 174.

Postage of printed sheets in England, xlix, 228.

Pot and pearl ashes, method of manufacturing, by _G. A. Rogers_, viii, 304.

Potamogeton Claytoni, xlv, 38. ---- pulcher, xlv, 38.

Potassa in sea-water, iii, 371. ----, caustic, of commerce, xxxv, 299. ----, commercial, of New York, researches on, _L. C. Beck_, xxix, 260. ----, ----, adulteration of, xxix, 261. ----, ----, manufacture of, xxix, 261. ----, mode of obtaining from feldspar, _Fuchs_, xxi, 157. ----, detection of, by the oxide of nickel, xvi, 387. ----, mode of separating from soda, xxix, 273. ----, Davy's original mode of decomposing, xxi, 367.^f ----, action of, on organic matters, xvii, 382; xxiv, 372. ----, action of, on cholesterine, xliv, 60. ---- and soda, mixture of pure carbonates of, xlix, 195. ----, carbonate of, mode of preparing, free from silica, xlix, 195. ----, chlorate of, mode of obtaining, ix, 201. ----, pure chromate of, xx, 409. ----, to test the chromate of, _S. Zuber_, xxiv, 372. ----, chromate of, means of determining the purity of, xvi, 392. ----, ----, a test for distinguishing strontia and baryta, xxxvi, 183. ----, bichromate of, ulcers produced by the use of, xvi, 384. ----, manganesiate of, _F. Wöhler_, xxviii, 137. ---- and copper, sulphate of, xx, 195. ---- and silica, new compound of, xvi, 397.

Potassium, atomic weight of, xlvii, 189. ----, preparation of, viii, 372. ----, best method of preparing and preserving, xix, 205.^f ----, new apparatus for obtaining, _L. D. Gale_, xxi, 60.^f ----, improvement in Brunner's process for, _R. Hare_, xxiv, 312. ----, an improved mode of obtaining, _R. Hare_, xxxviii, 338; xl, 27. ----, properties of, xvii, 182. ----, price of, in 1825, ix, 387. ----, experiments on, by _J. T. Ducatel_, xxv, 90. ----, ammoniacal nitruret of, xxv, 205. ----, iodide of platinum and, _W. W. Mather_, xxvii, 257. ----, preparation of iodide of, ix, 188. ----, ferridcyanide, deoxidation of, _C. F. Schönbein_, xlix, 203. ---- and naphtha, explosive compound produced from, xxiv, 315. ----, mode of filling tubes with, xxiv, 316.

Potatoe, found wild in South America, iv, 195. ----, fruitfulness of, iii, 381. ----, culture of, in France, xxvii, 176. ----, on the growth of, xii, 170. ----, precaution in planting, xxi, 159. ----, nutrition from, _E. Ives_ on, i, 297. ----, mode of preserving, vi, 200; xvii, 188. ----, how to boil, xxiii, 201. ----, used in steam engine boilers, vii, 193. ----, oil from spirits of wine of, xxviii, 386. ----, essential oil of, _A. Cahours_, xxxii, 382. ---- cheese, xviii, 395; xxiii, 202. ---- flour for bread, xvi, 391. ---- ----, detection of, in wheat, xvii, 173. ----, molasses from, _S. Guthrie_, xxi, 93. ---- starch, sugar from, _S. Guthrie_, xxi, 284. ----, Sweet, sugar in, xv, 285. ---- fly, cantharidin in, ii, 137.

Potentilla supina, xiv, 114.

Pot-holes, made by means of running water, in the Green Mountains, vi, 252. ----, near the Franconia Notch, xxxiv, 122.

Potosi silver mines, xxiv, 233.

Potstone, Middlefield, Mass., viii, 51. ---- of Greenland, xvii, 14.

_Potter, C. E._, notice of a rocking stone, xxiv, 185.^f

Pottery, analysis of, xv, 183. ----, notice of _A. Brongniart_ on, xxxi, 134. ----, ancient American, xxvii, 175.

Powder of Cassius, purple, see _Cassius_. ---- of Balda, viii, 204. ---- mills, inflamed by the stroke of copper, xiii, 161.

Powders, fulminating, see _Fulminating_.

_Powell, B._, on the interference of light, xxxviii, 107. ----, on refractive indices, xxxviii, 107. ----, on the wave theory, xxxviii, 108. ----, on radiant heat, xl, 313. ----, on certain cases of elliptically polarized light, xliv, 171. ----, on the elliptic polarization of light, reflected from various substances, xlvi, 390.

Power of horses, xxi, 167.

Pozzuolana, iv, 373.

Practical Tourist, review of, xxiii, 213.

Prague, statistics of, ix, 184.

Prairies, origin of, _R. W. Wells_, i, 331. ----, ---- and extension of, _R. Nutt_, xxiii, 40. ---- of the West, _C. Atwater_, i, 116. ---- and barrens of the West, _A. Bourne_, ii, 30. ---- of Alabama, _W. W. McGuire_, xxiv, 187; xxvi, 93. ---- formation of Opelousas an Attakapas, _W. M. Carpenter_, xxxv, 344. ----, observations on, _G. Jones_, xxxiii, 226;--dry prairies, 226; comparison with Holland, 228. ---- of Ohio, xxxiii, 230. ---- of Texas, _J. L. Riddell_, xxxvii, 212. ----, Hog-wallow, of Texas, notice of, xxxix, 211.

Prase in Massachusetts, i, 344. ---- in Rhode Island, viii, 226, 230. ---- in Pennsylvania, viii, 238.

Precession of the equinoxes, remarks on, vii, 323^f; viii, 132, 139.^f ---- ----, constant of, _O. Struve_, xlvii, 91.

Precipitate, purple, of silver and gold, xxii, 198.

Prehnite, _L. P. Walmstedt_ on, ix, 378. ----, datholite, &c. at Kewenaw Point, Lake Superior, _C. T. Jackson_, xlix, 87. ----, in Connecticut, i, 50, 135; ii, 232; vi, 223. ----, in Massachusetts, i, 114; iii, 364. ----, in New Jersey, ii, 183, 191, 195, 197; v, 239; xl, 69; xliv, 58. ----, in Pennsylvania, x, 220.

Premiums by the French Academy of Sciences, for 1827, xiv, 380, 389. ---- ---- ----, for 1831, xxii, 194. ---- offered by the Society for the Encouragement of National Industry, France, 1821, 1822, iv, 192. ---- ---- ----, for 1832-34, xxii, 359. ----, for Mechanical Arts, iv, 192. ----, for Chemical Arts, iv, 192. ----, for fabrication of Russian leather, iv, 193. ----, for Economical Arts, iv, 193. ----, for useful inventions in agriculture, xviii, 382. ----, for chemical and medical discoveries, xxii, 194. ----, scientific, xxiv, 210. ----, see farther under _Medals_ and _Prizes_.

Prenanthes aphylla, v, 299.

Preservation of objects in Natural History, iv, 198. ---- of specimens of animals, directions for, xii, 271; xix, 52. ---- ---- ibid, with arsenical soap, xix, 53. ---- of zoological collections from insects, _T. S. Trail_, xv, 167. ---- of animal and vegetable substances from insects, _J. Macartney_, xxxi, 367. ---- of specimens, new mode of, _J. L. Riddell_, xxxv, 338. ---- of eggs, Scotch method, xxvi, 188. ---- ---- for cabinets, xxi, 161. ---- of insects, _T. Roger_, xix, 213. ---- ----, xix, 56; xxi, 162. ----, of freshwater shells, xlii, 391. ---- of Echini with the spines, xxix, 353. ---- of skins, xxvi, 188. ---- of fish skins for museums, xxxvi, 196. ---- of anatomical preparations, vi, 384. ---- of skeletons, xix, 57. ---- of animal bodies, new mode of, by petrifaction, _G. Segato_, xxix, 359. ---- of animal preparations, by Gannal's new process, xl, 194. ---- of animal substances, salt for, xxx, 183. ---- of crystalline lenses, xxvi, 216. ---- of dead bodies, i, 307. ---- of meats, &c. by Appert's process, xiii, 163. ---- of fruits without sugar, method of, xv, 381. ---- of substances by alkalies, xxiii, 383. ---- of cordage, &c. from moisture, xxiii, 199. ---- of firemen against fire and flame, xviii, 177; xx, 96.^f ---- of grain from mice, vii, 378. ---- of timber by pyrolignite of iron, _Boucherie_, xl, 213. ---- of the Royal George, xl, 213. ---- from rust, a mode of, by means of caoutchouc, vi, 398. ---- of iron from rust, xix, 203; xxi, 150; xxii, 382; xxiii, 199, 383.

_Presl_, notice of the Genera Fileacearum of, xxxix, 174.

Press, botanical, _J. Locke_, xxx, 54.^f ----, printing, see _Printing_.

Pressure in the ocean at great depths, see _Ocean_. ----, atmospheric, see _Barometrical_. ---- on the human body, variations of, and apparatus for withdrawing, xxxiv, 30. ----, effect of instantaneous, as compared with accumulative, _C. Bonnycastle_, xl, 32.

Price of labor and subsistence in some parts of Europe, xxxvi, 176.

_Priestley, J._ philosophical character of, _W. Henry_, xxiv, 28. ----, discoveries by, xxiv, 30.

Primula farinosa, iv, 59.

_Prince, James_, on the sea-serpent, ii, 154.

_Prince, John_, memoir of, xxxi, 201.^f

_Prince, W._, a fruit, between the Spanish chesnut and the Maryland chinquapin, iii, 77.

Prince Regent's Inlet, geology of, xvii, 10.

Princeton, battle of, painted by J. Trumbull, xxxix, 231.

Principia of Newton, new edition of, vi, 379. ---- ----, review of, xi, 238; xii, 28, 330; xiii, 311.

Prinos coriaceus, v, 293.

Printing on zinc, x, 388. ----, a mode of stereotyping by Senefelder, xi, 386. ----, invention of stereotyping, xvii, 161. ----, stereotype, original papers by _C. Colden_ and _B. Franklin_ on, xxiv, 319. ---- designs, new mode of, vii, 191. ----, anastatic, xlix, 401. ---- press, improvements in, by J. I. Wells, iii, 311.^f ---- ----, inking machine, Wood's, xxiii, 103.^f ---- ---- for the blind, v, 385.

Prisons, Society for the Amelioration of, iii, 374.

Prizes offered by the Royal Society of London, xxv, 412.

Prize given by the Royal Society to _J. F. W. Herschel_, for a paper on double stars, xxv, 412. ---- respecting the ammoniacal azoturet of potassium, offered by the St. Petersburg Academy, xxv, 205. ----, the Montyon, presented, xxv, 189. ----, the De Lalande, given to E. Sabine, xii, 194. ----, ----, xxv, 190. ---- of the Academy of Sciences, xiv, 380, 389; xxii, 194.

Problems, diophantine, xxxi, 156. ----, dynamical, new solutions of, xxxviii, 106.

Producta, see ZOOLOGY, _Mollusca_.

Profile mountain, New Hampshire, _M. Field_, xiv, 64^f; xxxiv, 122.

Pronouns, nature of, explained, xxxiv, 337.

Proportions, definite, in Chemistry, _D. Olmsted_, xii, 1.

Prospect Hill, East Haven, Ct., scenery of, vii, 3.

Proteus of the North American Lakes, _S. L. Mitchill_, iv, 181; vii, 68.^f ----, _D. H. Barnes_, xi, 285.

Protococcus kermesinus, analogous to red particles in blood, xxxvi, 206.

_Prout, W._, analysis of starch sugar, xxxv, 299.

Providence Franklin Society, xviii, 195. ---- tornado, _R. Hare_, xliii, 137. ---- ----, _W. C. Redfield_, xliii, 263.^f

Prunnerite, new mineral species, xx, 197.

Prussia, population of, ix, 184. ----, universities of, xx, 388.

Prussian travellers, vii, 195.

Prussiate of potash, red, deoxidation of, _C. F. Schönbein_, xlix, 203. ---- ----, manufacture of, at Glasgow, _T. Thomson_, xli, 49.

Prussian blue, new mode of preparing, viii, 380. ---- ----, researches into the manufacture of, xv, 178. ---- ----, formation and nature of, xviii, 332. ---- ----, manufacture of, at Glasgow, xli, 50.

Prussic acid, _F. Magendie_ on, ii, 81. ---- ----, memoir on, _B. L. Oliver_, iii, 182. ---- ----, ----, _Orfila_, xviii, 157. ---- ----, effect of muriatic and sulphuric acids on, xviii, 146. ---- ----, extraordinary production of, _A. A. Hayes_, xviii, 201. ---- ----, preservation of, xvi, 260. ---- ----, apparatus for the evolution of, _R. Hare_, xxix, 244.^f ---- ----, impurities of, xix, 70. ---- ----, cases in which administered, iii, 187. ---- ----, efficacy in asthma, vi, 366. ---- ----, action of, on a horse, xii, 385. ---- ----, effects on vegetation, x, 190. ---- ----, chlorine an antidote for, xvii, 174; xxi, 157.

Pseudomorphine, a new vegetable extract, xxx, 179.

Pseudomorphism, observations on, _J. D. Dana_, xlviii, 81, 397.

Pseudomorphous minerals, account of, in a review of _J. R. Blum's_ treatise, xlviii, 66. ---- (crystallized) steatite, in Massachusetts, _C. Dewey_, iv, 274; v, 249; vi, 333; viii, 51. ---- steatite, having the form of quartz, scapolite and spinel, xxi, 320. ---- steatitic hornblende, analysis of, _L. C. Beck_, xlvi, 35. ---- quartz, at Southampton lead mine, vi, 214; ix, 249. ---- ----, in Pennsylvania, x, 223. ---- granite, vii, 22.^f

Pseudomorphs, siliceous, in Hampshire Co., Mass., xii, 256.

Pseudo-volcanoes of the Upper Missouri, xlv, 154.

Psora, use of chloride of lime in, xvi, 395.

Pudding stone of Mount Toby, Mass., vi, 8, 69.

Pulkova Observatory, xlvii, 88.

Pulmonary consumption, work on, _S. G. Morton_, noticed, xxv, 424.

Pultowa, monument of, iii, 379.

Pumice, floating, xx, 161. ---- at the Azores, iv, 259. ---- of the Mississippi, iii, 247. ---- of the Missouri and Mississippi rivers, due to pseudo-volcanoes, _J. N. Nicollet_, xlv, 154.

Pump, by steam, xvi, 181. ----, air, see _Air pump_.

Purple of Cassius, ii, 350; xx, 192; xxviii, 145; xlviii, 192.

_Pursh, F._, notice of the herbarium of, xl, 11. ----, botanical excursions of, xlii, 10. ----, notice of, ix, 269.

Putnam's rock, v, 37.

Putnam Hill, section of, xxix, 30.^f

Putrefaction, animal, xviii, 397. ---- of stagnant water, prevented by animal charcoal, x, 189.

_Puvis_, essay on lime as a manure, xxx, 138.

Pyrargillite, analysis and description of, _Nordenskiöld_, xxvi, 387.

Pyrenees, geological notice of, ix, 23. ----, botany of, remarks on, xiv, 377.

Pyrites, arsenical, in New Jersey, v, 244. ----, copper, see under _Copper_. ----, iron, origin of, in fossils, xxviii, 293. ----, ----, occurrence of, in fossiliferous rocks, xxxi, 74. ----, ----, investing quartz, vegetable stalks, &c., _L. Lyon_, xii, 162. ----, ----, in a peat field, _J. T. Plummer_, xliv, 312.^f ----, ----, specific gravity of, xix, 388. ----, ----, cause of decomposition of, xix, 387. ----, ----, of Rossie, complex crystal of, xlvi, 36.^f ----, ----, in Connecticut, i, 316; v, 44; vii, 56; x, 13; xxxiii, 160. ----, ----, in Georgia, xxiv, 9. ----, ----, in Kentucky, iii, 233. ----, ----, in Massachusetts, viii, 54; x, 13, 18; xxii, 51. ----, ----, in Missouri, iii, 67. ----, ----, in New Hampshire, xviii, 129, 131. ----, ----, in New Jersey, v, 28. ----, ----, in New York, v, 12; xix, 224; xxv, 350; xxviii, 172. ----, ----, in North and South Carolina, iii, 3; v, 262; xli, 183. ----, ----, in Ohio, xvi, 156, 157. ----, ----, in Pennsylvania, iv, 4; viii, 239; x, 222; xiv, 5, 6, 8, 13. ----, ----, in Vermont, i, 115; iii, 76, 326; vi, 245.

Pyrochlore, analysis of, _F. Wöhler_, xviii, 392; xliii, 35. ---- of Chesterfield, Mass., _J. E. Teschemacher_, xlviii, 395. ----, identical with microlite, _J. E. Teschemacher_ and _A. A. Hayes_, xliii, 33. ---- and microlite, not identical, _C. U. Shepard_, xliii, 116; xlviii, 177. ----, analysis of, xlvi, 163.

Pyro-citric acid, new, vii, 187.

Pyro-gallic acid, _J. Pelouze_, xxviii, 126.

Pyrogenic acid, new, xxxiv, 206.

Pyroligneous acid, ii, 340; v, 188; ix, 201. ---- ----, purified by animal charcoal, xiii, 175. ---- ----, medical use of, ix, 201.

Pyrometer, steam, _W. R. Johnson_, xxii, 96.^f

Pyromorphite, or phosphate of lead, _C. Kersten_, xxii, 307.

Pyrope at Brimfield, Mass., vi, 222.

Pyrophorus, explosion of, x, 366. ----, new, from tartrate of lead, ix, 207. ----, remarks on, _Gay Lussac_, xvii, 176. ----, new, _R. Hare_, xix, 173.

Pyrophyllite, xviii, 392.

Pyrophysalite, ix, 21.

Pyrotechny, history of, vii, 137. ----, _J. Cutbush_ on, ix, 173.

Pyroxene, see _Augite_.

Pyrrhite, xlvii, 340, 418.

Q.

Quackery, medical, iv, 390.

Quadrant, _T. Godfrey_, the inventor of, xxxv, 389.

Quadrupeds about Richmond, Indiana, xlvi, 244. ----, habits and anecdotes of, xlvi, 237, 243. ----, see farther under _Zoology_.

Quantity of matter, effect of, on affinity, xvi, 234.

Quarantine, high temperatures disinfecting and affording a substitute for, _W. Henry_, xxi, 392.

Quartz, on certain cavities in, _W. L. Atlee_, xxxv, 139.^f ----, from Elba, containing water, iv, 27. ----, American, containing liquids, ii, 14; ix, 246; (and coal) xl, 83. ----, naphtha in, _C. Dewey_, i, 345. ----, soft crystal of, v, 394. ----, gelatinous, _Guillemin_, xiv, 391. ---- crystals, distorted, xlvi, 365^f, 366.^f ---- ----, in Canada, viii, 63. ---- ----, in Connecticut, i, 135; v, 41, 45; --(rose) i, 238; iv, 54; vi, 213, 251. ---- ----, in Maine, (smoky) xiii, 374; (rose) xviii, 297. ---- ----, in Massachusetts, i, 112, 113, 136; (rose) i, 116; vi, 247. ---- ----, in Missouri, iii, 67. ---- ----, in New Hampshire, (rose) xvii, 355; (smoky) xxxiv, 114. ---- ----, in New Jersey, ii, 197. ---- ----, in New York, i, 241; ii, 13; iii, 233; iv, 44; vi, 247; ix, 44. ---- ----, in North or South Carolina, iii, 5. ---- ----, in Pennsylvania, i, 237; ix, 45; x, 222; xiv, 5. ---- ----, in Rhode Island, viii, 230; ix, 46; xl, 185. ---- ----, in Vermont, vi, 249. ---- ----, near Lake Superior, smoky and amethyst, vii, 48. ----, pseudomorphous, in Massachusetts, at Southampton, vi, 214; ix, 249; xii, 256. ---- ----, in Pennsylvania, x, 223. ----, imitated by steatite, in Massachusetts, v, 249; vi, 333; viii, 51. ----, ---- ----, in New Jersey, xxi, 320. ---- rock of western Massachusetts, viii, 16. ---- veins, origin of, _G. Bischof_, xlix, 396.

Quebec, cement of the Castle Rock, _F. H. Baddely_, xxviii, 367. ----, Literary and Historical Society, transactions of, xvii, 412; xxv, 211.

Queries, geological, proposed by the geologists of the New York State survey, xxxiii, 124. ---- relative to mineral veins, xxxiii, 135.

Quicksilver mines of Spain, xxviii, 17. ---- ---- of Idria, xxix, 219.

_Quinby, A. B._, investigations relative to the blowing machinery of blast furnace, xii, 128. ----, examination of the maximum and minimum effects of machines, xii, 346. ----, on crank motion, vii, 316^f; ix, 317; x, 203; xi, 335; xi, 338^f; xii, 344^f; xiii, 73, 356. ----, on pitchback and breast wheels, xi, 333. ----, on high and low pressure boilers, ix, 313.^f ----, on the spiral of Archimedes, ix, 316.^f ----, new demonstrations on the theory of the overshot water-wheel, ix, 304^f;

Quinine, preparation of, xlvii, 196. ----, remarks upon, xx, 52. ----, sulphate of, frauds in, x, 386. ----, ----, mode of detecting its adulteration with sugar, xiii, 400. ----, manufactures of, in France, xiv, 390.

Quinoline, xlvii, 196.

R.

Races of men, enumeration and characters of, _S. G. Morton_, xxxviii, 342^f; xlvii, 206. ---- ----, stature of, xxii, 357. ----, Indian, of America, characteristics of, _S. G. Morton_, xxxviii, 345, 347, 360^f; xlvii, 408. ---- of the Andes, ancient, xxix, 358. ----, Peruvian, characteristics of ancient and modern, _S. G. Morton_, xxxviii, 361^f, 365.^f

Radiant heat, transmission of, _M. Melloni_, xxvii, 228. ---- ----, _B. Powell_, xl, 313.

Radiation of heat, _A. D. Bache_, xxx, 16; xxxiv, 39. ---- ----, apparatus for illustrating, xxviii, 320.^f

Radius of the earth, xxxi, 234.

_Rae, J._, balloon raised by solar heat, xxxiii, 196.

_Rafinesque, C. S._, progress of vegetation near Philadelphia, i, 77. ----, on atmospherical dust, i, 397. ----, on the genus Flœrkea, i, 373. ----, new species of grass, Diplocea barbata, i, 252. ----, Cylactis, Nemopanthus and Polanisia, three genera of New York plants, i, 377. ----, description of the Xanthium maculatum, i, 151. ----, new genus (Exoglossum) of freshwater fish, i, 155. ----, Mustela vulpina, new species, i, 82. ----, Scytalus cupreus, or copper headed snake, i, 84. ----, sponges on Long Island shores, i, 149. ----, notice of the works of, xxix, 393, 394. ----, ---- of zoological writings of, _S. S. Haldeman_, xlii, 280. ----, ---- of the Botanical writings of, xl, 221.

Railroads in Austria, xx, 174. ---- in the United States, extent of, _J. Henry_, xxxiii, 296. ----, Hudson and Mohawk, account of, _S. D. Bloodgood_, xxi, 141. ----, graduation of Mohawk and Hudson, xxi, 385.^f ----, Baltimore, method of clearing the snow from, xx, 166.^f ---- curves, _T. Gorton_, xxvii, 131.^f ----, elevation of, required for rails, over roads of a certain curvature, _J. Thomson_, xxii, 346.^f ----, inclined planes in the construction of, _J. Thomson_, xxiii, 107. ----, turnouts in, with flexible moveable rails, _T. Gorton_, xxviii, 248. ---- cars, rapidity consistent with safety, xxxv, 197. ----, improved method of constructing, xxxv, 318. ----, cast iron sleepers for, xxxv, 318. ----, resistance of air to trains of, xxxviii, 136. ----, atmospheric, xlix, 228. ---- tunnel, in Pennsylvania, xxix, 73.

Railways, vibration of, _Denham_, xxx, 382.

Railway iron, remarks on, _D. Mushet_, xxxiv, 15.

Rain, amount of, at different heights in the atmosphere, xxix, 354. ----, ----, in S. W. of Ireland, _T. Knox_, xlvi, 394. ----, ----, in the Ghâts of Western India, xxxviii, 103. ----, mean annual amount of, at Perth, Scotland, xl, 342. ----, excessive at Genoa and elsewhere, _J. D. Forbes_, xl, 326. ---- at Paris, in 1823, ix, 194. ----, register of, at Hudson, Ohio, _E. Loomis_, xli, 328; xlix, 282. ----, ----, at Montreal, 1836-1840, _J. S. McCord_, xli, 331. ---- at Westchester, Penn., amount for several years, _W. Darlington_, vi, 326. ---- ----, register for ten years, xiv, 29. ----, at New Fane, Vt., 1823, '24, _M. Field_, viii, 306. ----, tropical, iv, 375. ----, season of, in Columbia, South America, _R. Wright_, xxxvii, 2. ---- from a clear sky, instances of, xxxvi, 178. ----, _Rowall's_ theory of, xli, 40. ----, remarks on, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxiii, 54. ----, red, i, 309. ----, ----, in Tennessee, _G. Troost_, xli, 403. ----, ----, ----, a hoax, xliv, 216. ---- of mollusca, xxx, 187. ---- of fish, xli, 40. ---- of grain, xli, 40. ---- water, contents of, xv, 181, 185. ----, see farther under _Meteorology_.

Rain-gauge, improved, _G. Chilton_, vii, 326.^f ----, conical, _S. De Witt_, xxii, 321.^f ----, used in New York state, xxv, 267.^f ----, globular, of _Robinson_, xlii, 159. ----, _A. D. Bache_, on the effect of deflected currents of air on the results with, xxxv, 287.

Rain-marks in sandstone, _W. Buckland_, xxxv, 308. ----, at Storeton Hill, _Cunningham_, xxxvii, 371. ---- in the new red sandstone of New Jersey, _W. C. Redfield_, xliii, 172; xliv, 136; xlv, 315. ---- in the rocks of the Connecticut valley, _C. Lyell_, xlv, 394. ---- in the Connecticut valley sandstone, _J. Deane_, xlix, 213. ---- in the Potsdam sandstone, _E. Emmons_, xlv, 316.

Rainbow, different brilliancy of the primary and secondary, xxi, 379. ----, supernumerary, _A. C. Twining_, xxxii, 227. ----, accompanied with five supplementary bows, _D. Brewster_, xl, 344. ----, an acoustic, xxi, 381.

_Rainey, P._, on the dry-rot, xxxiv, 169.

Raining trees, notice of, xv, 170.

_Rains, G. W._, on the generation of statical electricity by the electrical machine, xlix, 93.^f

Raleigh's tyfoon of 1835, xxxv, 210; xxxvi, 59.

Ram, hydraulic, iii, 381.

Rambles of a naturalist, xxv, 425.

_Ramond_, on the vegetation of the Pyrenees, xiv, 377.

Rana, species of, x, 52; xi, 273.

Raphael tapestries, effect of light and air in restoring the colors of, xxxvii, 214.

Rapids, navigation of, vii, 175.

_Rask_, notice of, iv, 383.

Rat, pouched, of Canada, iv, 183. ----, mode of destroying, xxiv, 205.

Rational expression for sines, tangents and secants, _D. Gould_, xxii, 392.

Rats, habits of, xlvi, 242.

Rattlesnakes, ii, 229. ----, curious facts respecting the bones of, _J. Green_, iii, 85. ----, disarmed by the leaves of the white ash, _S. Woodruff_, xxiii, 337. ----, ---- ibid, remarks on, xxx, 208. ----, cure for bite, iv, 61, 189. ----, Turman's snake root in North Carolina considered an antidote for the bite of, xlii, 43. ----, oil cure for the bite of, xliv, 95. ----, Crotalus durissus, xxiv, 176. ----, habits of, xlvi, 44.

_Rawson_, on fires in London, xxxv, 316.

Ray, solar, see _Light_.

_Ray, John_, some notice of, _C. Fox_, xxxvi, 223.

Razors, paste for, iv, 199. ----, method of sharpening, xxi, 165. ----, effect of cold on, xxvi, 189.

Record of General Science, _R. D. Thomson's_, noticed, xxviii, 365; xxxii, 212.

Rectification of the ellipse, xviii, 38.^f

Red color in agates, xxxvi, 207. ---- ---- of marshes in the Mediterranean, xli, 193. ---- globules of blood related to Protococcus, xxxvi, 206. ---- rain, i, 309. ---- ---- in Tennessee, xli, 403. ---- ---- ----, a hoax, xliv, 216. ---- snow, x, 192. ---- ----, an animal production, _L. Agassiz_, xli, 64. ---- sulphur spring, Va., xxix, 96.

_Redfield, W. C._, on the storms of the Atlantic coast of the United States, xx, 17; --storm of September 3, 1821, 20; exhibited in the form of a great whirlwind, 21; tornadoes, generally, revolve on an axis of rotation and move with the main currents, 22; a consequent retrograde motion on one side of the axis and progressive on the other side, 23. ----, storm of August, 1830, xx, 34; second storm of August, 1830, 39; storm of October 1, 1830, 41; fall in the barometer due to the gyration of storms, 45. ----, on the hurricane of August, 1831, illustrating the position that storms and hurricanes are gyratory in action, and move with the general current of the region in which they occur, xxi, 191. ----, on the hurricanes and storms of the West Indies and the coast of the United States, xxv, 114; --uniformity of general character of; originate in tropical latitudes; greatest energy towards their interior; drifted by the prevailing atmospheric current; velocity of progression, 114; length of route; local duration; direction of the winds not the direction of progress, 115; local directions and change of wind, 115, 116; rotative motion from right to left in the northern hemisphere; effect on the barometer, 117; oscillation of the axis of rotation, 118; Barbadoes hurricane of August, 1831, 119; practical deductions for navigators, 119, 120; storms of the China Sea similar to those of the West Indies, 121; gyration in the southern hemisphere opposite to that in the northern, 121. ----, facts in meteorology, xxv, 122; --general view of the atmosphere and its currents, 123; classification of storm-winds, 126; whirlwinds and water-spouts identical, 127; transport of volcanic ashes by upper currents, 128, 129; barometer, 129, 130; circuit currents of the Atlantic and Pacific, 130, 131; cold polar currents flowing beneath the tropical, and carrying icebergs into the Gulf Stream, 131. ----, irregularities in the tides at Tahiti and elsewhere suggest a movement of the tide-wave from west to east in the higher latitudes and the reverse in the lower, xxv, 132; climate, as connected with atmospheric and oceanic currents, 133; deserts due to the fact that aerial currents of the region are passing from colder to warmer latitudes, 134. ----, synopsis of Meteorological Journal in New York city, for 1833, '34, xxviii, 154; --observed winds and cloud currents, 155; cold of southwest winds in winter, 157; barometric results, 157. ----, reply to _J. P. Espy's_ "Notes," xxviii, 310; --tides at Tahiti, 311; course of tide-wave in N. Atlantic, 313; southwest wind of the Andes, 314; correction of a barometrical inaccuracy, 315; general atmospheric currents due to the earth's rotation and orbital progression, as affecting the gravitation, 316; greatest influence of heat shown in land and sea breezes, 317. ----, gales and hurricanes of the Western Atlantic, with a chart, xxxi, 115; --character of, and causes, 115-119^f; hurricane of October, 1780, at Jamaica, showing the northwardly progression of, 120; hurricane of Barbadoes, October 10, 1780, 121; Barbadoes, Sept. 3, 1835, 122; rotatory scudding in hurricanes, 122; routes of various hurricanes, 125-127; Pacific systems of storms same as in the Atlantic, 128, 129. ----, relation of Gulf Stream to an opposite current on the N. American coast, xxxii, 349; --icebergs carried into the Gulf Stream by the deeper polar current, 351, 352; (boulders of Labradorite at Cocksackie, 351;) lower temperature on shoals and shores, due to the submarine current, 353. ----, meteorological sketches; on the atmosphere, currents, winds, clouds, fogs, rain, hail, storms, water-spouts, whirlwinds, trade winds, circuit winds, and land and sea breezes, xxxiii, 50; --deserts, variations of the barometer, 261. ----, meteorological journal at New York, for 1837, with average results for the preceding five years, including surface winds and cloud currents, and barometrical observations, xxxiv, 373. ----, on the courses of hurricanes, xxxv, 201; --tornado of 1835, 206; tyfoons of the China Sea, 209; Raleigh's tyfoon, 210^f; Canton tyfoon of August, 1832, 217; ibid of September, 1831, 218; hurricanes of Asiatic Seas, 220; law of atmospheric circulation, 222. ----, on columnar whirlwinds excited by fires, xxxvi, 50. ----, Raleigh's Tyfoon, xxxvi, 59. ----, meteorological register at New York city, for 1838 and 1839, with the mean results for the last seven years, xxxviii, 323. ----, meteorological observations at St. John's, Newfoundland, and at Canton, China, xxxviii, 265. ----, on the tornado of New Brunswick, and its whirling action, xli, 69.^f ----, on the storm of Dec. 15, 1839, and general deductions on the nature of storms, xlii, 112.^f ----, on the Providence tornado, with the evidence of its whirling

## action, xliii, 263.^f

----, reply to _R. Hare's_ objections to the whirlwind theory of storms, xlii, 299; xliii, 250. ----, reply to _R. Hare's_ strictures on H. W. Dové's essay on storms, xliv, 384. ----, on tides, and the prevailing currents of the ocean and atmosphere, xlv, 293. ----, on ancient polar currents, xliii, 152. ----, on drift deposits about New York, xliii, 152. ----, _Scoresby_ and _Buchan's_ observations on the temperature of the ocean at different depths showing warmer waters below, xlv, 139. ----, healed waters at the bottom of an ocean not immediately diffused by upward currents, xlv, 138. ----, on the effects of polar currents, xlv, 326. ----, on the drift period, the condition of the earth at the time and attendant phenomena, xlvii, 120. ----, on the drift ice, and currents of the North Atlantic, with an illustrative map, xlviii, 373. ----, visit to Essex Co. mountains, N. Y., and barometric measurements, with a sketch of the northern sources of the Hudson, xxxiii, 301^f; --see farther under _New York_. ----, on some American fossil fishes of the Connecticut valley and New Jersey, xli, 24, 164; xliii, 172. ----, fossil fishes of New Jersey and Connecticut identical, xxxvi, 186. ----, fossil fish and footprints in the red sandstone of New Jersey, xliv, 134.^f ----, on fossil fishes in New Jersey, xlv, 314. ----, fossil fish in Virginia, xxxiv, 201. ----, fossil footprints of Middletown, Ct., xxxiii, 201. ----, ---- ---- of Portland, Ct., xliii, 172. ----, ---- ---- in New Jersey, xliv, 134; xlv, 315. ----, ---- rain-marks in New Jersey, xliii, 172; xliv, 136; xlv, 315. ----, fossil shells of the Miocene, xli, 161. ----, notices of American steamboats, xxiii, 311. ----, on steamboat explosions, xxi, 190.

Refining, instructions on, xvii, 177.

Reflecting goniometer, xx, 158.

Refraction in the higher regions of the atmosphere, suggestions on, xii, 299. ----, curious lunar, x, 187. ----, extraordinary, in the diamond, xxxiv, 38.^f ----, double, its relation to the crystalline forms of minerals, _D. Brewster_, vii, 363. ----, ----, produced by pressure, _D. Brewster_, xxi, 296. ----, ----, cause of, in crystals, _D. Brewster_, xxi, 296. ---- of heat, xxviii, 366.

Refractive indices, theoretical computation of, _B. Powell_, xlii, 160. ---- ----, _B. Powell_ on, xxxviii, 107. ---- power of minute bodies, and its application to mineralogy, _A. Bryson_, xli, 54.

Refrigerating compound, see _Cold_.

Regents of the University of New York, Report of, xxii, 415; xxv, 258^f; xxvii, 177; xxx, 389; xlix, 176.

_Regnault, V._, analysis of lithia mica, xxxvii, 356. ----, researches on the dilatation of gases, notice of, xliv, 63.

Règne Animal of Cuvier, American translation of, xxi, 388.

_Reid, W._, on the laws of storms, xxxv, 276. ----, work by, on storms, noticed, xxxv, 182.

_Reizet_, on determining the nitrogen in organic compounds, xlv, 267.

Reliquiæ Diluvianæ, of _W. Buckland_, viii, 150, 317; xi, 196; xviii, 393. ---- Baldwinianæ, xlvi, 192.

_Rennell, J._, notice of, xx, 304.

_Rensselaer, J. van_, ascent of Mount Blanc, ii, 1. ----, on the natural history of the ocean, v, 128. ----, notice of freshwater formations, vi, 381. ----, notice of an error in _J. Finch's_ paper on the Celtic antiquities of America, viii, 200. ----, on lightning rods, ix, 331. ----, geological lectures of, ix, 397; xii, 399. ----, on the fossil mastodon, xi, 246; xii, 380. ----, new Vesuvian minerals, xi, 250.^f ----, natural history of Orange Co., N. Y., xiii, 224. ----, fossil tooth of an elephant, xiv, 31. ----, on a larva, supposed to have passed from the bladder, xiii, 229. ----, temperature of the cities of Rome (Italy) and New York, xiii, 120.

_Rensselaer, S. van_, obituary notice of, xxxvi, 156. ----, notice of his survey in the district adjoining the Erie canal, viii, 195, 358.

Rensselaer school, travelling of, xviii, 200; xix, 151. ---- ---- flotilla, xviii, 200. ---- ----, incidents of, in 1830, xix, 153.

Rensselaerite, is steatitic pyroxene, _L. C. Beck_, xl, 77.

_Renwick, J._, longitude of New York, v, 143. ----, on a new mineral, viii, 192. ----, translation from the Astronomical Journal of Hamburgh, xvi, 225. ----, letter to, by _E. Sabine_, on the magnetism of the earth, xvii, 145. ----, treatise on the steam engine, review of, xx, 323. ----, Outlines of Geology, noticed, xxxiv, 183.

Repeating Theodolite, _F. R. Hassler's_, xvi, 252.^f

Report on Iron, by _J. H. Alexander_, xli, 376. ---- on herbaceous plants of Massachusetts, by _C. Dewey_, xli, 378. ---- on the quadrupeds of Massachusetts, by _E. Emmons_, xli, 378. ---- on insects injurious to vegetation, by _T. W. Harris_, noticed, xliii, 386. ---- on the invertebrata of Massachusetts, _A. A. Gould_, xli, 378. ----, fishes, reptiles and birds of Massachusetts, xxxviii, 379, 393. ---- on the fishes of New York, by _J. E. Dekay_, reviewed, xlv, 275. ----, Geological, of Connecticut, by _C. U. Shepard_, noticed, xxxiii, 151. ----, ----, ----, by _J. G. Percival_, noticed, xliv, 187. ----, ----, of Indiana, by _D. D. Owen_, noticed, xxxiv, 193; xl, 133. ----, ----, of Maine, by _C. T. Jackson_, noticed, xxxii, 193; xxxv, 387; xxxvi, 143; xxxvii, 376. ----, ----, of Maryland, by _J. T. Ducatel_, noticed, xxvii, 1; xxx, 393; xxxii, 191. ----, ----, of Massachusetts, by _E. Hitchcock_, xxii, 1^f; xxiii, 389; xxvi, 213; xxxvi, 363; xli, 384. ----, ----, of Michigan, by _D. Houghton_, xxxiv, 190; xl, 136. ----, ----, of New Hampshire, by _C. T. Jackson_, noticed, xli, 383; xlviii, 393; xlix, 27. ----, ----, of New York, annual, noticed, xxxii, 186; xxxvi, 1; xxxix, 95; xl, 73; xlii, 227. ----, ----, ----, final, reviewed, xlvi, 143; xlvii, 354^f; xlviii, 296.^f ----, ----, of Ohio, noticed, xxxii, 190; xxxiv, 196, 347^f; xl, 126. ----, ----, of Pennsylvania, by _H. D. Rogers_, noticed, xxxii, 192; xxxiv, 188; xxxvii, 380. ----, ----, of Rhode Island, by _C. T. Jackson_, noticed, xl, 182. ----, ----, of Tennessee, by _G. Troost_, noticed, xxx, 391; xxxiv, 187. ----, ----, of Virginia, by _W. B. Rogers_, noticed, xxxii, 192; xxxvii, 380. ----, ----, of Western States, _G. W. Featherstonhaugh_, xxviii, 379; xxxii, 185.

Reptiles, fossil, notice of _T. Hawkins's_ work on, xxvii, 413. ----, ----, notice of _R. Owen's_ report on, xlii, 328. ----, on the geological age of, _G. A. Mantell_, xxi, 359. ----, monograph on, _D. H. Barnes_, xi, 268. ---- of Connecticut, catalogue of, _J. H. Linsley_, xlvi, 37. ----, see farther under _Zoology_.

Resin, Maynas, xlix, 194. ----, guaiac, xlix, 194. ----, _J. F. W. Johnston_, xli, 53.

Resistance of the air to railway trains, xxxviii, 136. ---- of fluids, general principles of, _L. R. Gibbes_, xxvii, 135. ---- ----, _A. Bourne_, xxviii, 230. ---- ----, _G. W. Keely_, xxviii, 318^f; xxx, 164; xxxi, 111. ---- ----, _E. W. Blake_, xxix, 274; xxx, 359. ---- ----, _J. S. Russell_, xxix, 351; xxxv, 317.

Resisting medium, some of the probable effects of, _T. H. Perry_, xxxviii, 246. ---- ----, remarks on, xvii, 389. ---- ----, see farther, _Ether_.

Respiration, chemical process of, xii, 396. ----, _G. Magnus_, xxxv, 198. ----, on the office of nitrogen in, _L. C. Beck_, xviii, 52. ----, effect of deep, _G. C. Holland_, xxxiv, 28. ---- of oxygen, i, 95. ----, products of, at different periods of the day, _C. T. Coathupe_, xxxvii, 367.

Resuscitation from drowning, by oxygen, remarks on, _J. E. Muse_, xvi, 250.

Retina, remarks on, _W. C. Wallace_, xxviii, 278.

_Revere, J._, on the crude sodas of commerce, xiv, 41. ----, on sheathing for ships, xvi, 180.

Review, see _Works_.

Revue Encyclopédique, notice of, ii, 164; iii, 392; viii, 385; xviii, 184. ---- ----, notice of one of the monthly suppers commemorating the establishment of, xviii, 184.

_Reynolds, W. G._, theory of meteors, i, 266.

Rhine, amount of water of, which passes Bâle, v, 392.

Rhinoceros, fossil bones of, ii, 145.

Rhode Island, geological survey of, _C. T. Jackson_, xl, 182. ----, coal of, x, 342; xi, 78; xii, 76; xl, 187.

Rhodium in gold from Mexico, xi, 298.

Rhomb spar in Massachusetts, vii, 255; x, 18.

Rhubarb, _G. W. Carpenter_, ix, 91. ----, observations on, _G. W. Carpenter_, xiv, 33. ----, preparation of, vii, 385.

_Ribaucourt_, on peat, xv, 250.

Rice, how to boil, xxiii, 202. ---- paper, xxiv, 207.

_Rich, C._, effects of lightning on the packet ship New York, xxxvii, 321.

_Rich, E._, project for reforming the English alphabet, xlvii, 420.

_Richardson, J._, on the Zoology of North America, xxxi, 343, 356, 376.

_Riddell, J. L._, new construction of the barometer, xxvii, 223.^f ----, a new mode of preserving plants, xxxv, 338. ----, on the geological features of Ohio, xxx, 394. ----, electro-magnetic engine, xxxv, 343.^f ----, Texas, Trinity country, xxxvii, 211. ----, on Hog Wallow Prairies, Texas, xxxix, 211.

_Riench's_ test for arsenic, medicolegal application of, xliv, 240.

_Rigg, R._, carbon a compound body, xlvii, 211. ----, Chemical and Agricultural Researches of, noticed, xlvii, 211.

Right angled triangles, expressions for sides of, xxiv, 68.

Rio Janeiro, meteorological register kept at, from 1832-1843, xlvii, 290.

Ripple-marks in transition rocks, _T. A. Conrad_, xxxv, 248. ---- ---- in the rocks of the Connecticut valley, _C. Lyell_, xlv, 394. ---- ---- in the new red sandstone of New Jersey, xliv, 136. ---- ---- and mud furrows in rocks, _J. Hall_, xlv, 148. ---- ---- in New York, xxxvi, 46.

Rise of land, see _Elevation_.

_Ritter, T._, on Belmont anthracite, xii, 301.

_Rive, A. de la_, galvanic instrument by, v, 395. ----, present state (1833) of the principles of electricity, xxvi, 175. ----, on electro-magnetic currents, xxxiv, 6.

River McKenzie, xvii, 4. ---- Rhine, amount of water in, which passes Bâle, v, 392. ---- Mississippi, velocity of, vii, 174. ---- Copper Mine, xvii, 7.

Rivers, action of, xxi, 23.

_Rivero, de_, sketch of the mines of Pasco, xvii, 43.^f

_Robert, E._, visit to Iceland, xxxi, 167; xxxii, 196.

_Robertson, E._, on aerostation, xiv, 166, 325. ----, gold medal of the Geographical Society awarded to, xliii, 404.

_Robinson, S._, catalogue of minerals of, noticed, viii, 200; ix, 396. ----, localities of minerals, viii, 230. ----, notice of minerals, x, 225. ----, cabinet of minerals of, xiii, 199.

_Robison, I._, on the rising of the coast of Chili, in 1822, xxx, 110.

_Robison, J._, perfection of the art of photography, xxxvii, 183. ----, substitute for barometer, xxxv, 294.

_Robiquet_, on a new metallic dye, xxii, 197.

_Rochefoucald, Duc de la_, notice of, xiii, 167; xiv, 392.

Rochester, town of, ii, 252.

Rock crystal, see _Quartz_.

Rock, Paint, i, 67.

Rock, Putnam's, v, 37.

Rocks, _Brongniart's_ seven classes of, xxxix, 149. ----, _K. C. von Leonhard's_ arrangement of, xx, 182. ----, European, classification of, _H. T. De la Beche_, xviii, 26. ----, American, classification and characters of, _L. Vanuxem_, xvi, 254. ----, nomenclature and classes of, _A. Eaton_, xiv, 145^f, 359. ----, of America, equivalency with European, _A. Eaton_, xxxix, 149. ----, volcanic, characters and arrangement of the different kinds of, _G. P. Scrope_, xv, 28. ---- of the Connecticut valley, vii, 25. ----, joints in, a result of elevation, xxxi, 366. ----, supposed motion, without apparent cause, v, 34.^f ----, moving, of Salisbury, remarks on, v, 34^f; ix, 239. ---- moved by ice, _J. Adams_, ix, 136. ---- ----, _J. Wood_, ix, 144. ----, removal of, by the Saxicava, xlii, 326. ----, excavated basins in, about a fall in the Green Mountains, Vt., vi, 252. ----, blasting of, see _Blasting_.

Rocket, newly invented, v, 189.

Rocking stone, of Durham, N. H., _J. B. Moore_, vi, 243.^f ---- ---- of Hanover, N. H., xxiv, 185.^f ---- ---- of Roxbury, Mass., vii, 59.^f ---- ---- in Savoy, Massachusetts, ix, 27.^f ---- ---- in Rhode Island, x, 9.^f ---- ---- in Warwick, R. Island, vii, 201.^f ---- ---- in Putnam Co., N. Y., v, 252.^f ---- ---- raised by the Indians of America, vii, 157.

Rocksalt, see _Salt_.

Rockwell, C. H., analysis of kyanite, xlvi, 383. ----, analysis of meteoric iron of Otsego Co., N. Y., xlvi, 402.

_Rockwell, S._, on spontaneous combustion, v, 201.

Rocky Mountains, geological observations on the northern termination of, xvii, 2. ---- ----, geology and meteorology west of, _A. Eaton_, xxv, 351. ---- ----, ibid, remarks on, _J. Ball_, xxviii, 1.

Rod, divining, iii, 102; xi, 201.^f

Rodentia, new species of, xxxi, 385. ----, see farther _Zoology_.

_Rodman, W. W._, new localities of minerals, xxxv, 179, 180.

_Rodriguez, P. J._, on comets, xvi, 94.^f

_Roger, T._, on the preservation of insects, xix, 213.

_Rogers, G. A._, method of manufacturing pot and pearl ashes, viii, 304.

_Rogers, H. D._, on the falls of Niagara, xxvii, 326.^f ----, Geology of the United States, notice of a memoir read before the British Association, xxviii, 74. ----, opinion on age of graywacke, opposed, xxxv, 243. ----, ibid, explanation concerning, _B. Silliman_, xxxv, 250. ----, on trap dikes in Pennsylvania, xli, 173. ----, ---- ----, crescent form of, xlv, 334. ----, on diluvial action, xli, 175. ----, Pennsylvania coal formation, xli, 177. ----, dip of new red sandstone, due to oblique deposition, xliii, 170. ----, dispersion of drift due to waves of translution from the north seas, xliii, 153. ----, on hydrated minerals, xlv, 147. ----, on the ancient temperature of the globe, xlv, 147. ----, Address before the American Association of Geologists and Naturalists, including a review of American geology and some branches of general geological dynamics, xlvii, 137, 247. ----, characters of some recent earthquakes, as bearing upon the dynamics of geology, xlv, 341; xlvii, 274. ----, paroxysmal undulations of the earth's crust, a cause of flexures of strata, xlv, 345, 346; xlvii, 276. ----, constitution of the atmosphere during the coal era, xlvii, 105. ----, first Report on the Geology of Pennsylvania, noticed, xxxii, 192. ----, second Report on Geology of Pennsylvania, noticed, xxxiv, 188. ----, third Report, ibid, xxxvii, 380. ----, fifth Report, ibid, xli, 385. ----, origin of the Appalachian coal strata, xliii, 178. ----, structure of the Appalachian chain, xliii, 177; xliv, 359. ----, scratches, diluvial, in Pennsylvania, xliii, 180. ----, a new compound containing platinum, xxxix, 369.

_Rogers, J. B._, and _J. Green_, experiments with the elementary voltaic battery, xxviii, 33.

_Rogers, J. B._, dolomite, a double salt, xli, 172. ----, analysis of meteoric iron, xliii, 169.

_Rogers, Moses_, Savannah steamer the first which crossed the Atlantic, commanded by, xxxviii, 155. ----, ----, log-book of, preserved at Philadelphia, by the American Philosophical Society, xl, 34.

_Rogers, R. E._, on limestones, xli, 171. ----, new instruments and processes for the analysis of the carbonates, xlvi, 346.^f

_Rogers, S._, letters on the manufacture of iron, xlii, 380.

_Rogers, W. B._ and _H. D._, experimental enquiry into some of the laws of the elementary voltaic battery, xxvii, 39.^f

_Rogers, W. B._, analyses of shells, xxvi, 36. ----, apparatus for analyzing marl and carbonates, xxvii, 299^f; xlvi, 346.^f ----, on bimalate of lime in sumach, xxvii, 294. ----, self-filling syphon, xxvii, 302.^f ----, chlorine in meteoric iron, xliii, 169. ----, fossil footmarks, xliii, 173. ----, ores of zinc and lead in Virginia, xliii, 169. ----, oxide of tin in Virginia, xliii, 168. ----, on subterranean temperature, xliii, 176. ----, on the dip of strata, xliii, 171. ----, elevation and flexure of strata, theory of, xliv, 360. ----, proofs of diluvial agency, xliii, 181. ----, infusorial stratum, near Richmond, Va., xlv, 313. ----, ---- ----, in Maryland, xlvi, 141. ----, Virginia tertiary formations, xxxviii, 183. ----, coal of eastern Virginia, of the age of the lower oolite, xliii, 175. ----, natural coke, or porous anthracite of eastern Virginia, xliii, 175. ----, connection of thermal springs with anticlinal axes and faults, xliii, 176. ----, structure of the Appalachian chain, xliii, 177; xliv, 359. ----, on chemical equivalents, xlvii, 105. ----, geological Report on Virginia, notice of, xxxii, 192; xxxvii, 380.

Roma, Campagna di, malaria of, xxii, 336. ----, manuscripts at, v, 385. ----, clergy and population of, ix, 186.

Roman aqueducts, xix, 389.

Romanzow's expedition across Behring's Straits, ii, 345.

Roofs of pasteboard, xxiv, 381.

Roofing with zinc, _A. Caswell_, xxxi, 248. ----, ibid, _L. D. Gale_, xxxii, 315. ----, slate, of Lebanon, N. Y., v, 11. ----, ----, in Vermont, v, 272.

Ropes, on the various vegetable materials for, xxi, 27; xxv, 330. ----, material for, from the Rose of Sharon, xxviii, 371. ----, from Manilla hemp, xli, 200.^f ----, strengthened by a solution of glue with oak bark, xxvi, 186.

Rosaic acid in urine, xvii, 385.

Rose of Sharon, fibres of, xxviii, 371.

Roses, preparation of oil of, xxviii, 383. ----, stearoptine of oil of, xxviii, 383.

_Rosé, G._, on the identity of Edwardsite and Monazite, xxxv, 249.

_Rosé, H._, on the new metals niobium and pelopium, xlviii, 400. ----, examination of columbite, xlix, 228.

Rosin, gas lights from, xxviii, 147. ----, bubbles blown in, ii, 179.

Rosse's great telescope, xlvi, 208; xlix, 221.

Rossie lead mines, xxxvi, 24; xlii, 174.

Rot, dry, _G. Gibbs_, ii, 114. ----, ----, P. Rainey, xxxiv, 169. ----, ----, J. T. Plummer, xlii, 197.

Rotary motion, instrument for illustrating, (rotascope) _W. R. Johnson_, xxi, 265.^f ----, multiplier, see under _Electricity_.

Rotascope, description of, _W. R. Johnson_, xxi, 265.^f

Rotation of the planet Venus, xxiv, 204.^f ----, of fluids, xxvii, 84.^f

Rotative piston, Cooper's, xvi, 313.^f

_Rothe, C. E._, remarks on the gold mines of North Carolina, xiii, 201.^f

Rotting of timber in certain situations, xxxii, 380.

_Rowles_, evaporation of water under electrical insulation, xlvii, 190.

Royal George, state of preservation of, xl, 213. ---- Society, see _Society_.

Rubellite of Kingsbridge, ii, 366.

Ruby, fusion of, ii, 292.

Rudder, temporary, xiii, 371.^f

_Rue, W. de la_, structure of electro-precipitated metals, xlix, 390.

_Ruffin, E._, on calcareous manures, review of, xxx, 138.

_Ruggles, D._, notice of the region about Fort Winnebago, xxx, 1.^f ----, on the copper mines of Lake Superior, xlix, 64.^f ----, tides in the North American lakes, xlv, 18. ----, on a large trilobite, and Iowa coralline marble, xlix, 216.

Rumford, Count, biographical memoir of, xix, 28. ----, ----, sketch of the early history of, _J. Johnston_, xxxiii, 21.

Ruminants, follicular dentition in, xxxviii, 129.

_Rumker, C._, on currents in the ocean, xx, 180.

Rupert's drop, breaking of, xxv, 194.

Rural economy, v, 380; xiv, 391.

_Ruschenberger, W. S. W._, remarks on the barometer, and meteorological observations on board U. S. ship Peacock, xxxiii, 345. ----, translation of _C. Bertero's_ list of the plants of Chili, xix, 63, 299; xx, 248; xxiii, 78, 250.

_Rush, B._, on the sugar of the maple, ii, 261.

_Russell, A._, on Statistical Enquiries, noticed, xxxix, 395.

_Russell, J. L._, on the cryptogamia of Chelmsford, xxxix, 183.

_Russell, J. S._, on waves, xxxiii, 283; xxxiv, 1; xxxv, 290. ----, substitute for mountain barometer, xxxv, 294.

_Russell's_ Planetarium, xlii, 400.

Russia, population of, iv, 389. ----, population and religion of, xv, 397. ----, religious toleration in, xvii, 192. ----, establishments in, v, 176. ----, extensive draining in, v, 393. ----, destruction of live-stock by wolves, xx, 177. ----, wood in, vi, 398. ----, steppes of, xvii, 23. ----, ----, salt, of Orenburg, xliv, 205. ----, Irkutsk, notice of, xvii, 27. ----, Okotsk, notice of, xvii, 30. ----, St. Petersburgh Botanic Garden, xx, 175. ----, libraries of, v, 177. ----, Yakutsk, notice of, xvii, 28. ----, gypsum in, xvii, 19, 21, 24. ----, salt of, xvii, 19. ----, mines, proceeds of, from 1818 to 1823, xii, 197. ----, mines of Nertchinsk, xvii, 34. ----, diamond mines, xix, 199. ----, copper mines at Ekatherinenburg, xvii, 25. ----, notice of gold mines of, ix, 183; xii, 384; xiv, 204; xvii, 25; xviii, 190; xxviii, 395; xlvi, 211. ----, mines of gold and silver, yield of, xvii, 406; xx, 402; xxi, 372. ----, mass of twenty-five pounds, xii, 384. ----, platina in the Ural, xii, 384; xiv, 204; xviii, 190; xxviii, 395. ----, ----, large masses of, xlvi, 212. ----, iron founderies, improvements in, xxx, 181. ----, stone butter, a mineral product eaten in, xvii, 28.

Russian drinks, xi, 392. ----, leather, fabrication of, iv, 193. ----, universities, xx, 176.

Rust, preservation of iron from, xix, 203; xxi, 150; xxii, 382; xxiii, 199, 383. ----, means of preserving from, by caoutchouc, vi, 398.

Ruthenium, a new metal from the Ural, xvi, 384; xlviii, 401.

Rutile, in Connecticut, iv, 55. ----, in Massachusetts, i, 116, 134; v, 405; vii, 58; xii, 259; xx, 170. ----, in New Jersey, ix, 245. ----, in New York, xxi, 325. ----, in Pennsylvania, v, 41; xiv, 5, 14. ----, in Vermont, ix, 55.

Rye, ergot of, _Wm. Tally_, ii, 45.

S.

Sabal Adansoni, xxvi, 315. ---- hystrix, v, 293. ---- minima, v, 293.

Sabine, E., on the magnetism of the earth, and especially of the Arctic regions, xvii, 145.^f

Saccharic acid, _Heintz_, xlviii, 193.

Saccharine juices, optical properties of, _Biot_, xxiv, 379.

Saco river, temperature of, xxxiv, 381; xxxvii, 389.

Saddle Mountain, Mass., viii, 3.

Safe, for provisions, xxx, 169.

Safety lamp, _H. Davy's_, xvii, 240. ---- ----, of _E. du Mesnil_, xxxviii, 115. ---- tubes, substitute for, xvii, 345.^f

Sagenaria, generic characters, vii, 180.

_Sager, A._, on American amphibia, xxxvi, 320.^f

Saguerus, a Sago palm, affording material for cordage, xxi, 36.

Sahlite, in Connecticut, vi, 225. ----, in New York, viii, 88.

Sailing, solution of a case in, xlvi, 79.

Sal-ammoniac, produced from the combustion of a coal bed, vi, 395.

Salamander, see under _Zoology_.

Salicine, xix, 204, 370; xx, 384. ----, mode of obtaining, xxi, 155. ----, properties of, xlix, 392.

Saliferous formation of the Ohio valley, _S. P. Hildreth_, xxiv, 46; xxix, 26. ---- ---- in New York, xxxix, 103. ---- ---- in Virginia, xli, 214.

Salina, salt works and springs of, xv, 6; xvi, 187; xix, 141; xxxvi, 2; xxxix, 103. ----, bromine in the brine of, xviii, 143.

Salines, see under _Salt_.

_Salisbury, E. E._, Dr. Lund on the occurrence of fossil human bones of the præ-historic world, xliv, 277. ----, abstract of J. Klaproth on the invention of the compass, xl, 242.

_Salisbury, S._, analysis of the Avon waters, xxxv, 188.

Salisbury, Connecticut, iron ores, ii, 212. ----, iron works, xix, 322. ----, geology and mineralogy of, viii, 252.

Salix ambigua, xlv, 35. ---- Cutleri, xlv, 36. ---- myrtilloides, xlv, 34. ---- phylicifolia, xlv, 35.

_Salmon, W._, biographical notice of, xxxvii, 121.

Salt, _J. Van Rensselaer_ on, vii, 360. ----, a mode of obtaining large crystals of, xvi, 397. ----, a remedy for animal poisons, xxi, 158. ----, gas in the cavities of, producing decrepitation, xix, 198. ---- storms, influence of, on vegetation, _J. B. Beck_, i, 388. ----, ibid, on animals, i, 394. ----, quantity of, in sea-water, _C. Daubeny_, xxxvi, 188. ----, marine, arsenic detected in, xx, 193. ---- infusoria, xli, 193. ---- beds, origin of, _L. Vanuxem,_ xii, 88. ---- manufactured by evaporation on faggots, x, 180. ---- in Asia, Tabriz, Lake Oroomiah, and of the great desert of Arabia, xxxvii, 350. ---- in Europe, annual yield of mines, iii, 371. ---- ----, in Russia, xvii, 19, 20. ---- ----, ----, steppe south of Orenburg, _R. I. Murchison_, xliv, 205. ---- ----, mines of Ischil, xxix, 225. ---- ----, in France, impurities of, xix, 178. ---- ----, mines in Cheshire, England, xxiii, 219. ---- in South America, on the plains of Tarapaca, _J. H. Blake_, xliv, 2. ---- ----, New Grenada, works of Zipaquera, _J. H. Gibbon_, xxxii, 89. ---- in North America, U. States, springs and deposits, _G. W. Carpenter_, xv, 1. ---- ----, New York, rocks and springs of, xv, 5, 6, 214; xxxvi, 2; xxxix, 103. ---- ----, ----, works of Onondaga lake, xlii, 228. ---- ----, ----, works of Salina and Syracuse, xv, 6; xix, 141. ---- ----, ----, manufacture of, xxxvi, 2. ---- ----, Pennsylvania, valley of the Kiskiminitas and Conemaugh, _S. P. Hildreth_, xxix, 71. ---- ----, Ohio, region of, _S. P. Hildreth_, xxiv, 46. ---- ----, ----, of the Muskingum valley, _S. P. Hildreth_, xxiv, 50; xxix, 26. ---- ----, ----, of Sundy Creek, xxix, 48. ---- ----, ----, mode of making the salt in the Ohio valley, xxiv, 54. ---- ----, ----, history of manufacture of, _S. P. Hildreth_, xxix, 117. ---- ----, in Virginia, and salt formation, xli, 214. ---- ----, ----, Kenawha valleys, _S. P. Hildreth_, xxiv, 51; xxix, 84, 113. ---- ----, ----, of the Holston, _C. B. Hayden_, xliv, 173. ---- ----, in Michigan, xxxiv, 192. ---- ----, in Kentucky, xxix, 140. ---- ----, in Texas, springs of, xxxvii, 213. ----, see farther _Springs, salt_. ----, theory of, xxix, 115. ---- marshes of the Mediterranean, red color of, due to a crustaceous animal, xli, 193. ---- radical theory, criticism on, _R. Hare_, xlv, 52, 247. ---- ----, ----, criticism on, _W. Gibbs_, xlvi, 52. ---- ----, ----, _R. Kane_, xlvi, 57.

Salts, _T. Graham_ on the constitution of, xxxv, 300. ----, number of, xvii, 184. ----, fusibility of, xix, 379. ---- of ammonia, solvent and oxidating powers of, xviii, 255. ----, efflorescence of, prevented by the vapor of turpentine, xvi, 391. ----, haloid, certain existence of, in solution, demonstrated, _G. Wilson_, xxxviii, 118. ----, Harrodsburg, analysis of, _E. D. Smith_, i, 403. ----, metallic, on the decomposition of, _C. Matteucci_, xx, 187. ----, new series of double, formed by the action of sulphurous and nitrous acids upon the alkaline bases, _E. Fremy_, xlviii, 194.

Saltness of the ocean, v, 131. ---- ----, remarks on, _H. Humphreys_, xlix, 208. ---- ----, at different depths, xxiii, 10.

Saltpetre, method of making by sun's heat, discovered by _Baffi_, vi, 400. ----, formed from beat leaves, xv, 180.

_Sampson, W._, notice of a cetaceous animal, xxiii, 301.^f

San Lorenzo, Peru, fossils from, xxxviii, 201.

Sand, blown from shore, viii, 392. ----, rate of flowing, and angle of a heap of, xix, 190. ----, pressure of, xix, 190. ----, of Lake George, iv, 46. ----, white siliceous, of Staten Island, xxxvi, 21. ----, lightning tubes in, xx, 396.

Sand hills, iii, 27.

Sand pipes in chalk, cause of, _C. Lyell_, xxxviii, 122.

Sandstone, recent, on northern coast of Cornwall, _J. A. Paris_, i, 234. ----, new red, some account of, in United States, xli, 244. ----, ---- ----, of United States, dip due to oblique deposition, _H. D. Rogers_, xliii, 170.^f ----, new red, of Connecticut, cause of inclined position, _B. Silliman_, xlvii, 107. ----, ---- ----, of the Connecticut river, vi, 39.^f ----, ---- ----, fossil remains, including bones, in, ii, 146; vi, 43. ----, ---- ----, junction with greenstone, vi, 47. ----, or freestone of the Sugar Loaf Mountain, Maryland, xxvii, 21. ---- and breccia of the Capitol at Washington, i, 215, 216. ---- of Potsdam, N. Y., xxxvi, 25. ---- of Cornwall, England, i, 234. ----, footprints in, see _Footprints_.

Sandwich Islands, rocks and minerals of, xi, 11, 362; xvi, 345. ---- ----, notices of, _C. S. Stewart_, xi, 363; xx, 229. ---- ----, Hawaii, volcanic character of, xi, 1; xx, 228. ---- ----, ----, geological features of, _E. G. Kelley_, xl, 117.^f ---- ----, ----, Mauna Loa, character of, xvi, 346. ---- ----, Oahu, features of, _J. Ball_, xxviii, 15. ---- ----, ----, remark on the structure of, _J. D. Dana_, xliv, 407. ---- ----, great agitation of the sea at, xxxvii, 358. ---- ----, see farther under _Volcano_.

_Sanford, E._, notice of the calcareous tufa and tree of Chitteningo, N. Y., xviii, 354.

_Sang, E._, relation between a machine and its model, xxiv, 264. ----, rapidity of motion of railway cars, xxxv, 197.

Sanguinaria canadensis, xlix, 130.

Sanicula marilandica, xi, 174.

Santee, high hills of, iii, 2.

Saponaceous vegetables, _Bussy_, xxiv, 381.

Sappar, fusion of, ii, 291. ----, see farther, _Kyanite_.

Sapphire in the emery of Naxos, xiv, 205. ---- in Connecticut, vi, 219. ---- of New Jersey, xiii, 380; xxi, 319. ---- in North Carolina, iii, 4, 229.

Saratoga high rock spring, description of, _J. N. Steel_, xvi, 343.^f ---- water, analysis of, _J. Steel_, xxi, 182; xxxvi, 8. ---- ----, ----, _J. F. Dana_, xxxvi, 8. ---- ----, iodine in, xvi, 217, 242. ---- ----, bromine in, xviii, 142. ---- Lake, and its environs, with Snake Hill, _J. H. Steele_, ix, 1.^f ----, oolitic formation of, _J. H. Steele_, ix, 16.^f ---- powders, xvi, 369.

Sarcophagus, ancient, iii, 390.

Sargasso weeds, xx, 181.

Sarracenia, remarks on the genus and species of, _H. B. Croom_, xxvi, 316. ---- pulchella, xxv, 75.

_Sartwell, H. P._, meteorological observations at Penn Yan, 1834, xxviii, 187.

Sassarubrin, a resin from oil of sassafras, _R. Hare_, xxxi, 282, 285.

Satin spar in New Jersey, ii, 197. ---- ---- in New York, iv, 44.

Saturn, five or more rings about, xxxvii, 373. ----, ibid, approximate dimensions of, xxxvii, 374. ---- ring, eccentricity of, xvii, 162. ----, observations on the rings of, _L. F. Wartmann_, xxv, 191. ----, micrometrical observations on, xiii, 172. ---- and his rings, observations on, at Rome, _P. F. de Vico_, xliv, 383. ----, sixth satellite of, xxxiv, 207.

Sault St. Marie, canal around, xlvi, 213.

Saurian remains, Hawkins's collection of, xxix, 367. ---- ----, in the alum shale of England, xxix, 364. ---- ---- of Tilgate Forest, _G. A. Mantell's_ work and memoirs on, xli, 205; xliii, 189. ---- ---- _R. Owen's_ Report on British, xlii, 328.

Saurians in magnesian conglomerate, xxviii, 389. ----, new, _S. Stutchbury_, xxxi, 364. ----, see farther under _Zoology_.

Saurocephalus, of _R. Harlan_, xxvii, 353.

Saurodon, xviii, 246.

_Savage, T. S._, on African insects, xl, 387.

Savings Bank of Geneva, xxiv, 209.

Saw, moved by mechanism, vii, 198. ----, acceleration of, at night, viii, 393. ---- machine, rotary, _R. Eastman_, v, 146.^f

Saxifraga Careyana, xlii, 32.

_Saxton, J._, electrographic gilding by, xli, 402.

_Say, Thos._, observations on some zoophytes, shells, &c., principally fossil, i, 381; ii, 34. ----, American Conchology of, noticed, xxi, 179. ----, notes on Herpetology, i, 256. ----, obituary notice of, xxvii, 393.

Scandinavians, early discovery of America by, xvii, 410.

Scandinavian coast, elevation of, xlvii, 184.

_Scanlan, R._, on commercial carbonate of ammonia, xxxv, 297. ----, nitrate of silver not blackened by light, xxxv, 298.

Scapolite, pink, of Bolton, formula of, xlvii, 418. ---- in Connecticut, viii, 258; xiv, 226. ---- in Massachusetts, vii, 53, 252; viii, 233; ix, 47; xiv, 226. ---- in New Jersey, vi, 250. ---- in New York, ix, 41, 402; xix, 225; xxi, 325; xxv, 348. ---- in Pennsylvania, viii, 239; x, 220, 221, 223; xiv, 13.

_Scarpa_, death of, xxv, 184.

_Schaeffer, G. C._, on the meteors of August, 1837, and November, 1832, xxxiii, 133. ----, meteor of August, 1840, xxxix, 332.

_Schaeffer, F. C._, peat of Dutchess Co., N. Y., i, 139. ----, localities of minerals, i, 236.

Schænus effusus, northern limit of, _H. B. Croom_, xxvi, 315.

_Scheerer_, on aventurine feldspar, xlix, 394. ----, on polycrase and malacrone, xlix, 394.

_Schenck_, transit of Mercury, May, 1832, xlix, 148.

_Schimpfer_, theory of boulders quoted and questioned, xxxvi, 331, 332.

Schistose structure a result of crystallization, _J. D. Dana_, xlv, 105. ---- ---- in some volcanic rocks, _J. D. Dana_, xlv, 105.

_Schlechtendal, D. F. L. von_, Linnæa of, noticed, xxxix, 178; xl, 392.

_Schley, G._, on steam as a conductor of electricity, xxvi, 206.

_Schlossberger, F._, on the composition of fungi, xlix, 393.

_Schlotheim, E. F. von_, notice of, xxxvii, 128.

_Schmidt, G._, notice of, iii, 79.

_Schnederman_, on a salt of platinum, xliv, 274.

Schoharie, mineralogy of, xxviii, 172^f; 381.

_Schönbein, C. F._, on ozone, xlix, 195. ----, on the deoxidation of the ferridcyanide of potassium, and the salts of the peroxide of iron, xlix, 203. ----, on ozone, a supposed cause of odor attending electrical discharges, xli, 44.

Schools for the poor in Italy, iii, 375. ----, Lancasterian, in France, iv, 199, 389. ----, see farther under _Education_.

_Schoolcraft, H. R._, native copper of Lake Superior, with a figure, iii, 201. ----, copper mine on Lake Superior, vii, 43. ----, lead mines of Missouri, with geological and miscellaneous notices, iii, 59. ----, on a petrified tree, near Lake Michigan, iv, 285. ----, memoir on a fossil tree, notices of, by John Adams, James Madison and Thomas Jefferson, v, 23, 25. ----, on the prints of human feet in limestone, v, 223^f; xliii, 22. ----, localities of minerals, vii, 46. ----, notice of a discourse by, xx, 166. ----, letter on the tide of Lake Superior, xx, 213. ----, address on the North American Indians, xxiv, 190. ----, action of the North American Lakes, xliv, 368.

Schorl, see _Tourmaline_.

_Schröder, J. F._, address by, noticed, xxi, 181.

_Schweigger-Seidel_, general electric formula, xxxv, 356.^f

Schweinfurt green, vii, 386.

_Schweinitz, L. D. de_, monograph of the genus Viola, v, 48. ----, list of the rarer plants near Easton, Penn., viii, 267. ----, obituary notice of, xxvi, 218.

_Schweitzer, G._, analysis of seawater near Brighton, xxxviii, 12.

Science, list of men of, who have held offices under government, xx, 172. ---- in the South, xxi, 188. ---- in the West, xxi, 187.

Scientific publications, recent, in the United Stales, xxvi, 208, 397; xxvii, 395. ---- Journals in Great Britain, xxviii, 365.

Sciuri, see under _Zoology_.

Sclerotic bones of the eyes of birds and reptiles, xxxiii, 289.

_Scoresby, W._, magnetical investigations, xlviii, 33. ----, improvements by, in magnetic apparatus, xxxiv, 398.

Scotacks, tribe of, in Hungary, v, 384.

Scotland, population of, xxiv, 211.

Scott spring, Virginia, analysis of, xliv, 409.

Scratches, diluvial, caused by ice, according to _L. Agassiz's_ theory, xlii, 350. ----, ----, theory of, _E. Hitchcock_, xli, 255. ----, ----, in the United States, xli, 174. ----, ----, ----, belong to two systems, _W. C. Redfield_, xlv, 333. ----, ---- ----, on rocks, a few localities of, xvii, 408. ----, ----, in Maine, _C. T. Jackson_, xxxvi, 153. ----, ----, in New Hampshire, _O. P. Hubbard_, xxxiv, 107. ----, ----, ----, _C. T. Jackson_, xlv, 146. ----, ----, ----, on the rocks at Hebron, xxii, 166. ----, ----, in western New York, _G. E. Hayes_, xxxv, 191. ----, ----, ----, xxxvi, 39. ----, ----, ibid, _C. Dewey_, xliv, 146. ----, ----, on the rocks near New York city, _J. E. Dekay_, xvi, 357. ----, ----, on the rocks, in Sullivan Co., N. Y., _W. A. Thompson_, xxiii, 243. ----, ----, in Pennsylvania, _H. D. Rogers_, xliii, 180. ----, ----, in Ohio, (?) at Sandusky Bay, vi, 179. ----, ----, in Indiana, _J. T. Plummer_, xliv, 296. ----, ----, in the rocks of the Allegany range, xx, 124.

Screws, manufacture of, in Connecticut, ii, 208.

_Scrope, G. P._, on Volcanoes, review of, xiii, 106. ----, letter to the editor on volcanoes in North America, xiii, 190. ----, descriptive arrangement of volcanic rocks, xv, 28.

Sculpture, by Canova, iv, 371, 389.

Sea and land, relative level of, as regards the tides, xxxi, 335. ----, waves, currents and tides, v, 131. ----, ----, ----, see farther under _Ocean_. ----, depth of, v, 130. ----, ----, not determinable by the echo, _C. Bonnycastle_, xxxviii, 161. ----, deep soundings in, by the French ship Venus, xl, 407. ----, encroachments of, near New York, xxxvi, 16. ----, action of, xxi, 21. ---- and land breezes, causes of, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxiii, 65. ----, remarkable agitations of, at the Sandwich Islands, _T. C. B. Rooke_, xxxvii, 358. ----, Dead, level of, xl, 213; xlii, 214. ----, ----, analysis of the waters of, xiii, 395; xlviii, 10. ----, ----, account of, _J. D. Sherwood_, xlviii, 1.

Sea-serpent, remarks concerning, _J. Bigelow_, ii, 147. ----, xi, 196. ----, on the existence of, xii, 375. ----, xxviii, 372.

Sea-serpentism, history of, _S. L. Mitchill_, xv, 351.

_Seal, T._, on beryl, iv, 39.

Sealing wax, method of making, xxi, 150. ---- ----, improvement in, xxviii, 148. ---- ----, mode of separating from old letters, xxiii, 200.

Seawater near Brighton, analysis of, _G. Schweitzer_, xxxviii, 12. ----, Black Sea, analysis of, xx, 188. ----, quantity of salt in, _C. Daubeny_, xxxvi, 188. ----, potash in, iii, 371. ----, absorption of light by, v, 134. ----, marine animals in, v, 134. ----, color of, vi, 198; xxix, 237. ----, cause of color of, xxvi, 65.^f ----, color of, due in part to iodine and bromine, xvii, 170. ----, density at different depths in the Mediterranean, xvii, 364. ----, distillation of, iii, 381. ----, distilled, use of, i, 172. ----, luminousness or phosphorescence of, v, 133; xvii, 209; xviii, 166, 187; xxxv, 372; xxxvi, 208. ----, saltness of ocean, v, 131. ----, ----, _H. Humphreys_, xlix, 208. ----, ----, at different depths, xxiii, 10. ----, specific gravity, v, 129. ----, temperature in different parts, v, 129; xxv, 130. ----, ----, at great depths, xvii, 295. ----, ----, at different depths, xxiii, 10.

Seaweeds of the Atlantic, xx, 181.

_Sedgwick, A._, Cambrian system of, xxxvii, 220. ----, address before the Geological Society of London, xxi, 186. ----, letter to R. Elton, xlvi, 403.

Sediment from the Mersey, xxxiii, 269.

_Seely, L._, garnet locality, iii, 241.

Segregation theory of veins, objections to, from facts in Maine, _C. T. Jackson_, xxxvi, 148.

_Seiber's_ Journey into Abyssinia, announced, iv, 383.

_Selby, P. J._, notice of, xxxvii, 164.

Selenite, see _Gypsum_.

Selenium, a new metal, i, 310.

Seleniuret of lead, xviii, 391; xix, 369. ---- ---- and mercury, xviii, 391. ---- of palladium, xix, 369.

Selloa nudata, v, 300.

Seminole Indians, notice of, ix, 132.

Septaria, large, xxvi, 217.

Serbian, or miloschin, xlii, 386.

Serapis, temple of, account of the changes of level in, _C. Babbage_, xxvii, 408.

Series, new algebraic, vii, 278; viii, 131; ix, 98, 293.

Serpent rock of Lake Huron, iii, 258.^f

Serpentine, metamorphic, through the agency of heated waters, xlv, 120. ----, crystallized, at Warwick, N. Y., ix, 242. ----, in Tenos, Grecian Archipelago, xxxi, 176. ---- of the vicinity of Hudson's Bay, xvii, 12. ----, in Canada, viii, 68. ----, in Connecticut, vi, 227. ----, in Delaware, v, 240. ----, in Maryland, xviii, 80; xxiv, 349; xxvii, 25. ----, in Massachusetts, i, 114, 137; ii, 236; iii, 238; v, 268; vi, 227; viii, 49; ix, 43; x, 213; xii, 260; xxii, 29. ----, in New Jersey, ii, 195; iv, 16; v, 29. ----, in New York, vii, 57; ix, 39, 42; xix, 225, 228; xxv, 349. ----, in Pennsylvania, viii, 237; xiv, 3, 10, 12. ----, in Rhode Island, viii, 225, 228; ix, 51. ----, in Vermont, iii, 76; v, 40, 272; vi, 227, 249; xiii, 200; xxxv, 390; (marble) xxxviii, 198.

_Serres, Marcel de_, on some new bone caves, xxi, 56.

_Serullas, G. S._, elected a member of the French Academy, xviii, 185. ----, on iodic acid, and morphine, xx, 184. ----, obituary notice of, xxiii, 371.

Sewell Mountains, xxix, 93.

Sewers, furnace for ventilating, vii, 177. ----, cleansing of, xviii, 161.

Sexes, proportion of, viii, 376.

_Seybert, A._, notice of, i, 37.

_Seybert, H._, analysis of the chrysoberyl, of Haddam, Ct., viii, 105. ----, ---- of bog iron ore from New Jersey, viii, 298. ----, ---- of the Maclureite, v, 336. ----, ---- of the melanite of Franklin furnace, N. Jersey, viii, 300. ----, ---- of pyroxene from the Franklin iron-works, vii, 145. ----, ---- of sulphuret of molybdenum, iv, 320. ----, ---- of chromic iron, iv, 321. ----, ---- of a manganesian garnet, vi, 155. ----, ---- of the glassy actinolite of Concord, Penn., vi, 331. ----, ---- of tabular spar, pyroxene and colophonite, from Willsboro', N. Y., v, 113. ----, reclamation of the discovery of fluoric acid in chondrodite, vi, 168, 356. ----, analysis of a meteorite, xvii, 326.

Seybertite, a new mineral, _T. G. Clemson_, xxiv, 171.

Seyssel cement, xxxiv, 383.

Shad-fisheries of the Delaware, notice of, _S. Howell_, xxxii, 134.

Shaquaw, Cherokee, prophecy of, iii, 39.

Shark, fossil, xvii, 289. ----, see farther under _Zoology_.

Sharpening of razors and other cutting instruments, method of, xxi, 165.

_Sharpless, J. T._, description of the American wild swan, xxii, 83.^f

Sheathing of ships, _H. Davy's_ experiments on, xvii, 244. ---- for ships, of leather, xv, 365.

Sheep, relative value of different kinds of food for, xxiii, 393. ----, merino, price of, in France, v, 189.

_Sheffey, H. W._, ice at the bottom of a river, xxxvi, 186.

Shelburne Falls, Mass., vii, 16.

_Sheldon, W._, on tanning, &c., i, 312.

Shells, analyses of, _W. B. Rogers_, xxvi, 361. ----, fancy work from, xxxii, 257. ----, as a circulating medium, xxxii, 258. ----, recent and fossil, see under _Zoology_.

Shell fish in Ohio, disease among, _S. P. Hildreth_, xxxii, 97. ---- rock, of the Florida coast, ix, 123. ---- ---- of St. Augustine, remarks on, xxxv, 61. ---- ---- of St. Croix, xxxv, 71.

_Shepard, C. U._, localities of minerals, viii, 235. ----, notice of minerals, xii, 156, 161. ----, measurement of topaz, xii, 158.^f ----, Kyanite and Sillimanite, on the identity of, xii, 159.^f ----, on native iron, xii, 155; xiv, 183; xvii, 140. ----, on phosphate of manganese, tabular spar, &c., xiii, 196. ----, measurement of crystals of zircon, xiii, 392.^f ----, Columbite, stanniferous, in Massachusetts, xvi, 220.^f ----, soda alum, of Milo, analysis of, xvi, 203; xxii, 387. ----, on ferro-silicate of manganese, xvii, 142.^f ----, on new localities of minerals, xvii, 144. ----, mineralogical journey in the northern parts of New England, xvii, 353^f; xviii, 126^f, 289.^f ----, on the Deweylite, xviii, 81. ----, spathic iron mine of New Milford, xix, 311.^f ----, letter to, on the copper ore of Strafford, Vermont, xxi, 383. ----, mineralogy and geology of Orange Co., N. Y., and Sussex Co., N. J., xxi, 321.^f ----, on brown lead ores, xxii, 307. ----, on datholite and iolite in Connecticut, xxii, 389. ----, geological observations upon Alabama, Georgia and Florida, xxv, 162. ----, thermal waters of Suannee, Georgia, producing a silicification of fossils, xxv, 165. ----, on Ball's cave, xxvii, 368. ----, analysis of the waters of the Gray Sulphur spring, Virginia, xxx, 100. ----, microlite, a new mineral, xxvii, 361. ----, ----, chemical examination of, xxxii, 338. ----, ---- not identical with pyrochlore, xliii, 116. ----, on the strontianite of Schoharie, N. Y., xxvii, 363.^f ----, description of Edwardsite, xxxii, 162. ----, Eremite, a new mineral, xxxii, 341.^f ----, copper mines of Connecticut, xxxiii, 160. ----, iron mines and furnaces of Connecticut, xxxiii, 155. ----, second locality of topaz in Connecticut, xxxiv, 329. ----, calstronbaryte, a new mineral species, xxxiv, 161. ----, calstronbaryte, not entitled to be considered a mineralogical species, xliii, 366. ----, phenacite in New England, xxxiv, 329. ----, phenacite from Goshen, not phenacite, xliii, 366. ----, Warwickite, a new mineral, xxxiv, 313; xxxvi, 85. ----, geology of upper Illinois, xxxiv, 134.^f ----, Danburite, a new mineral, xxxv, 137. ----, note to _F. Wöhler's_ analysis of cobalt ores, xxxvi, 332, 333. ----, identity of Edwardsite with Monazite, xxxix, 249. ----, Lederite, a supposed new mineral, xxxix, 357^f; xlviii, 176. ----, on two decomposed varieties of iolite, xli, 354. ----, euclase in Connecticut, xliii, 366. ----, Washingtonite, a new mineral, xliii, 364.^f ----, description and analysis of the meteorite of Virginia, xvi, 191.^f ----, analysis of the Texas meteoric iron, xvi, 217. ----, ---- of meteoric iron of Buncombe Co., North Carolina, xxxvi, 81. ----, ---- of a Wisconsin meteorite, xxxix, 254. ----, account of the meteoric iron of Oswego, with an analysis, xl, 366.^f ----, ibid, of Guilford Co., N. C., with an analysis, xl, 368. ----, analysis of meteoric iron from Tennessee, xliii, 354. ----, on phosphate of lime in the Virginia meteoric stone, xlv, 102. ----, meteoric (native) iron of Canaan, Ct., analysis of, xii, 155. ----, chlorine in meteoric iron, xliii, 359. ----, experiments with Henry's magnet, xx, 201. ----, extracts from foreign Journals, xx, 197. ----, notice by, of the transactions of the Geological Society of France, for 1833, xxviii, 283. ----, notice of the report by, on the geology and mineralogy of Connecticut, xxxii, 399; xxxiii, 151. ----, notice of Travels in the Alps, xxviii, 296. ----, Mineralogy, notice of, xxi, 389; xxii, 395; xxviii, 374; xxxv, 187. ----, reply to _A. Del Rio's_ observations on C. U. Shepard's Treatise of Mineralogy, xxvii, 312; xxxi, 131. ----, _Del Rio's_ reply to, xxx, 384. ----, Mineralogy, second edition, review of, xlvii, 333, 346. ----, reply to a notice of his mineralogy, xlviii, 168. ----, private school of mineralogy, xxv, 431; xxvi, 215.

_Shepherd, F._, on the fall of a meteorite, in Missouri, xxxvii, 385. ----, experiments on the solar spectrum, xlviii, 137.

_Sherwin, T._, Algebra of, noticed, xliii, 190.

_Sherwood, H. H._, discoveries by, in magnetism, xxxiv, 210.

_Sherwood, J. D._, on the valley of the Jordan and the Dead Sea, xlviii, 1.

Shetland Islands, minerals of, iv, 25. ----, New South, minerals from, xii, 161.

_Shillaber, J._, description of a mermaid, vi, 195.

Ships, best form for, _J. S. Russel_, xxxv, 290. ----, sheathing for, of leather, xv, 365. ----, fastenings and sheathings for, xvi, 180. ----, ----, _H. Davy's_ experiments on, xvii, 244. ----, improvements in the keels of, _O. Lang_, xxxiv, 35. ----, lightning conductors for, xxi, 347. ----, steam, without masts, xxxv, 332.

Shooting stars, in the years 1768, and 686 B.C.; A.D. 7, 532, 558, 585, 611, 744 or 747, 750, 764, 765, 829, 855, 899, 901, 902, 912 or 913, 931 or 934, 935, 1029, 1060, 1090, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1106, 1122, 1199, 1202, 1243, 1366, 1398, 1399, 1635, 1636, 1743, 1799, 1803, 1832, 1833, notices of, _E. C. Herrick_, xl, 349 to 363. ---- ----, of August in the years 1800, 1815, 1819, 1822, 1836, notices of, _E. C. Herrick_, xxxvii, 335, 336. ---- ----, of December, 1692, _E. C. Herrick_, xlii, 400. ---- ----, of December, 1798, _H. W. Brandes_, xxxv, 361. ---- ----, of November, 1799, noticed by Humboldt, _S. P. Hildreth_, xxvi, 87. ---- ----, ----, ibid, _E. C. Herrick_, xl, 363. ---- ----, of June, 1799, 1812, 1817, _E. C. Herrick_, xlii, 201. ---- ----, ----, 1777, _Messier_, xxxiii, 364. ---- ----, of April 20, 1803, _D. Olmsted_, xxvi, 135. ---- ----, ----, _E. C. Herrick_, xxxvi, 358; xl, 363. ---- ----, of November, 1803, a large meteor in England, xxvi, 137. ---- ----, of December, 1809, _E. C. Herrick_, xxxvi, 357. ---- ----, of December, 1824, _E. C. Herrick_, xxxvi, 357. ---- ----, of November, 1831, _Berard_, xxx, 374. ---- ----, of November, 1832, notices by _D. Olmsted_, xxvi, 134, 136. ---- ----, ----, in Russia, xxxi, 189. ---- ----, ----, off Pernambuco, _G. C. Schaeffer_, xxxiii, 133. ---- ----, ----, _Gautier_, xxxiii, 364. ---- ----, ----, in England, xxvi, 136. ---- ----, ----, in the Tyrol, xxvi, 134. ---- ----, ----, at Mocha on the Red Sea, xxvi, 136. ---- ----, of November, 1833, _E. Hitchcock_, xxv, 354. ---- ----, ----, _D. Olmsted_, xxv, 363; xxvi, 132; xxix, 376. ---- ----, ----, _A. C. Twining_, xxvi, 320.^f ---- ----, ----, _A. D. Bache_, xxix, 383. ---- ----, of November, 1834, _A. D. Bache_, xxvii, 335; xxviii, 305; xxix, 383. ---- ----, ----, _A. C. Twining_, xxvii, 339. ---- ----, ----, _D. Olmsted_, xxvii, 417; xxix, 168. ---- ----, ----, seen in California, xxxii, 195. ---- ----, of November, 1835, _D. Olmsted_, xxx, 375. ---- ----, ----, Cape of Good Hope, _J. F. W. Herschel_, xxx, 374. ---- ----, of November, 1836, _D. Olmsted_, xxxi, 386. ---- ----, ----, at Hingham, Mass., _J. L. Russel_, xxxii, 392. ---- ----, ----, foreign accounts of, xxxii, 181. ---- ----, of August, 1837, _E. C. Herrick_, xxxiii, 176, 354, 401; xxxiv, 180. ---- ----, ----, _G. C. Schaeffer_, xxxiii, 133. ---- ----, of November, 1837, _D. Olmsted_, xxxiii, 379. ---- ----, of April, 1838, _E. C. Herrick_, xxxiv, 398. ---- ----, of August, 1838, _E. C. Herrick_, xxxv, 167. ---- ----, of November, 1838, _D. Olmsted_, xxxv, 368. ---- ----, ----, _E. C. Herrick_, xxxv, 362. ---- ----, ----, at Cambridge, Mass., _J. Lovering_, xxxv, 323. ---- ----, ----, in Europe, xxxvi, 179. ---- ----, of December, 1838, _E. C. Herrick_, xxxv, 361; xxxvi, 355; xlii, 398. ---- ----, ----, in Europe, xli, 403; xlii, 398. ---- ----, of April, 1839, _E. C. Herrick_, xxxvi, 361. ---- ----, of August, 1839, _E. C. Herrick_, xxxvii, 325; xxxviii, 203. ---- ----, ----, at Canton, China, _P. Parker_, xxxviii, 301. ---- ----, of October, 1839, _E. C. Herrick_, xxxviii, 377. ---- ----, of November and December, 1839, _E. C. Herrick_, xxxviii, 377. ---- ----, of November, 1839, _D. Olmsted_, xl, 202. ---- ----, of August, 1840, _E. C. Herrick_, xxxix, 328, 332; xl, 201. ---- ----, of November, 1840, nothing unusual, _D. Olmsted_, xl, 202. ---- ----, of October and December, 1840, _E. C. Herrick_, xl, 203. ---- ----, of April, 1841, _E. C. Herrick_, xlii, 397. ---- ----, of August, 1841, _E. C. Herrick_, xli, 399; xlii, 202. ---- ----, of August and November, abstract of _S. C. Walker's_ paper on, xlii, 401. ---- ----, of November, 1841, xliii, 399. ---- ----, of April, 1842, _E. C. Herrick_, xliii, 212. ---- ----, of August, 1842, _E. C. Herrick_, xliii, 377; xliv, 208. ---- ----, of August 22, 1842, seen in the day time, at Winchester, Va., _C. Chase_, xliv, 418. ---- ----, of November, 1842, _E. C. Herrick_, xliv, 209. ---- ----, of December, 1842, _E. C. Herrick_, xliv, 210. ---- ----, of April, 1843, _E. C. Herrick_, xlv, 230. ---- ----, of August, 1844, _E. C. Herrick_, xlviii, 316. ---- ----, ----, _S. R. Williams_, xlviii, 320. ---- ----, see farther under _Meteor_.

---- ----, attributed to Auroral vapor, xx, 153. ---- ----, _Arago_, hypothesis of a zone of asteroids revolving about the sun, xxxiii, 363. ---- ----, ----, origin of, beyond the atmosphere, xxx, 373. ---- ----, _Bache, A. D._, on the non-occurrence of a shower of meteors, Nov. 13, 1834, xxvii, 335; xxviii, 305; xxix, 383. ---- ----, _Benzenberg, J. F._, and _Brandes, H. W._, made the first observations relative to the distances, velocities, &c., xxxv, 366. ---- ----, _Brandes, H. W._, investigation of, xv, 168; xxviii, 97; xxxv, 231, 232, 366. ---- ----, ----, number, duration, course of, &c., xv, 168; xxviii, 97; xxxiii, 361. ---- ----, ----, mode of calculation respecting, xxviii, 98.^f ---- ----, ----, table of, calculated, xxviii, 101. ---- ----, _Clarke, W. A._, on the origin of, xxx, 369. ---- ----, _Erman_, origin of, cosmical, xl, 53. ---- ----, ----, motion and mode of revolution, xl, 53. ---- ----, ----, velocity, perihelion distances, position, xl, 53, 54. ---- ----, _Fisher, F. G._, origin of, atmospheric, and connected with electricity, xxviii, 289. ---- ----, _Gruithuisen_, origin of, beyond the earth's atmosphere, from metallic vapors, xxviii, 290. ---- ----, _Halley, E._, suggested the determination of longitude by means of, xlii, 399. ---- ----, _Herrick, E. C._, on the number of showers of, in a year, xxxiii, 360; xxxv, 366; xxxix, 334. ---- ----, ----, facts establishing the August period, xxxiii, 177, 354. ---- ----, ----, observations on the August period, in early times, xxxvii, 337; --in 1800, 1815, 1819, 1822, 1836, xxxvii, 335, 336; --in 1837, xxxiii, 176, 354, 401; xxxiv, 180; --1838, xxxv, 167; --1839, xxxvii, 325; xxxviii, 203; --1840, xxxix, 328, 332; xl, 201; --1841, xli, 399; xlii, 202; --1842, xliii, 377; xliv, 208; --1844, xlviii, 316. ---- ----, ----, characteristics of the August shower, xxxiii, 359; xxxix, 330. ---- ----, ----, cycle of the November shower, xxxv, 367; xl, 365. ---- ----, ----, return of the November shower probable in 1867, xl, 365. ---- ----, ----, observations on the November showers, of former periods, xl, 363; --in 1838, xxxv, 362; --in 1839, xxxviii, 377; --1842, xliv, 209. ---- ----, ----, notices of observations in December, 1692, xlii, 400; --1809, xxxvi, 357; --1824, xxxvi, 357; --in 1838, xxxv, 361, 365; xxxvi, 355; xlii, 398; --in 1839, xxxviii, 377; --in 1840, xl, 203; --1842, xliv, 210. ---- ----, ----, cycle of the April shower, xxxv, 367; xl, 365. ---- ----, ----, observations on April showers, of former periods, xxxvi, 361; --in 1803, xxxvi, 358; --1838, xxxiv, 398; --1839, xxxvi, 361; --1841, xlii, 397; --1842, xliii, 212; --1843, xlv, 230. ---- ----, ----, notices of observations in June, xxxix, 334; xlii, 201. ---- ----, ----, notices of observations in October, 1839, xxxviii, 377; --1840, xl, 203. ---- ----, ----, notices of observations in January, xxxix, 334. ---- ----, ----, remarks on the zone-theory of, xxxiii, 363; xxxv, 367. ---- ----, ----, on the supposed connexion of, with the Zodiacal light, xxxiii, 364; xxxv, 368; xxxix, 331. ---- ----, ----, nature, motions and distance of, xxxiii, 360; xxxv, 366. ---- ----, ----, average daily number, xxxiii, 362. ---- ----, ----, average hourly number, xxxiii, 362; xxxv, 365. ---- ----, ----, apparent sizes, colors, &c., xxxiii, 360; xxxix, 330. ---- ----, ----, hour of maximum in August, xxxix, 330. ---- ----, ----, radiant point, xxxvii, 328; xxxix, 330. ---- ----, _Hitchcock, E._, magnetic or Auroral origin of, suggested, xxv, 355. ---- ----, ----, observations in November, 1833, xxv, 354. ---- ----, _Ideler, J. L._, conclusions as to the atmospheric origin (vegetable and animal) of, xxviii, 289. ---- ----, _Laplace, P. S._, remark as to the prevailing ignorance on, xxviii, 59. ---- ----, _Loomis, E._, on the sizes, heights, paths, course and velocities of, xxviii, 95; xxxv, 231. ---- ----, ----, apparent direction of, dependent on the motion of the earth, xxviii, 104. ---- ----, ----, on the course, velocity, height and size of the meteor of May 18, 1838, mathematically calculated, xxxv, 223. ---- ----, _Lynn, G._, first laid down a method for determining longitude by, xlii, 399. ---- ----, _Maskelyne, N._, on determining longitude by, xlii, 399; xliv, 374. ---- ----, _Messier_, on some meteors seen crossing the sun's disk, June, 1777, xxxiii, 364. ---- ----, _Olmsted, D._, on the November shower of 1833, xxv, 363; xxvi, 132^f; xxix, 376. ---- ----, ----, notices of observations on, in November, 1832, xxvi, 136; --1834, xxvii, 417, xxix, 168; --1835, xxx, 374; --1836, xxxi, 386; --1837, xxxiii, 379; --1838, xxxv, 368; --1840, xl, 202. ---- ----, ----, November period continued in 1837, xxxiii, 379. ---- ----, ----, November period passed, in 1838, xl, 202. ---- ----, ----, ibid, length of, and cycle, xl, 203. ---- ----, ----, ibid, time of maximum number and duration of shower in, xxv, 386, 402; xxvi, 141; xxxiii, 381. ---- ----, ----, ibid, whole number, xxv, 389. ---- ----, ----, ibid, height, course of, and direction, xxv, 392, 393; xxvi, 144; xxxiii, 381. ---- ----, ----, ibid, sound from, xxv, 392, 404. ---- ----, ----, ibid, apparent origin and radiation, xxv, 394, 405; xxxiii, 386, 390. ---- ----, ----, ibid, velocity, xxvi, 147^f, 149; xxxiii, 383. ---- ----, ----, ibid, size, xxv, 408; xxvi, 155; xxxiii, 382. ---- ----, ----, ibid, matter supposed to have come from, xxv, 396, 408. ---- ----, ----, ibid, Auroral appearances attending, xxv, 397, 410. ---- ----, ----, ibid, concurrent phenomena, xxv, 398, 401; xxvi, 160. ---- ----, ----, ibid, electrical and magnetic phenomena accompanying, xxv, 396, 409. ---- ----, ----, origin of, beyond the atmosphere, xxvi, 140; xxix, 377. ---- ----, ----, combustible nature of, and other characters, xxvi, 151, 161; xxix, 377. ---- ----, ----, relation to the solar system, and orbital motion of supposed shooting star nebula, xxvi, 163^f; xxix, 377. ---- ----, ----, connection with Zodiacal light, xxvi, 172; xxix, 378; xxxiii, 390.^f ---- ----, ----, remarks in reply to objections to his theory of, xxix, 380; xxx, 370.^f ---- ----, _Quetelet_, report of desultory remarks at the British Association of 1833, xxviii, 59. ---- ----, ----, general average per hour, xxxv, 365. ---- ----, _Twining, A. C._, on the meteors of November, 1833, xxvi, 320^f;--1834, xxvii, 339. ---- ----, ----, examination of D. Olmsted's views on, xxvi, 321. ---- ----, ----, time and maximum of shower, November, 1833, xxvi, 323. ---- ----, ----, the radiant point fixed independent of the earth's rotation, xxvi, 325, 347; xxvii, 339. ---- ----, ----, nature and cause of, xxvi, 335. ---- ----, ----, height of several calculated, xxvi, 337.^f ---- ----, ----, velocity of, xxvi, 346. ---- ----, ----, character of orbital motion and period of, xxvi, 348, 349. ---- ----, ----, _Walker, S. C_., on the showers of, in August, xl, 51; xlii, 401. ---- ----, ----, ibid, radiant point and other observations, xl, 51.

_Shortrede, R._, logarithmic tables of, noticed, xlviii, 208.

Shower of red matter like blood in Tennessee, a hoax, xliv, 216, (see xli, 403.)

Siamese twins, an account of, _J. C. Warren_, xvii, 212.^f

_Sibbald, R._, notice of, with an enumeration of his works, xxxvii, 138.

Siberia, steppes, xvii, 23. ----, depth of the frozen ground in, xxxvi, 210. ----, temperature of the ground in, xxxvi, 205. ----, notice of Humboldt's expedition to, xvii, 405.

Siberian elm, notice of, xx, 377.

_Sibley, J._, fact from a letter by, relating to the Texas meteoric iron, viii, 221.

Sicily, earthquakes of 1823, ix, 216. ----, geological structure of, _F. Ferrara_, viii, 201. ----, marbles of, viii, 203. ----, minerals of, viii, 203. ----, geology of, _C. Daubeny_, x, 230.^f ----, volcanic character of, xiii, 272. ----, fountain of Cyana in, xxvii, 82.

Sida abutilon, affording a material for cordage, xxi, 37.

Sidero-graphite, _J. Torrey_, ii, 176, 370.

Sideroscope, xv, 177.

_Siebold's_ Flora Japonica, noticed, xxxix, 175.

Sienite, see _Syenite_.

Sigillaria, generic characters, vii, 180. ---- marineria, xxxi, 30.^f ---- in the coal fields near Liverpool, xlv, 403. ----, remarks on the relation of, to Stigmariæ, xlix, 227.

Signals, iii, 382. ----, telegraphic, by rockets, v, 189.

Signs, observations on the language of, viii, 348.

Silene axillaris, vii, 62. ---- regia, xi, 182.

Silex, fusion of, ii, 292. ----, solubility of, xiv, 385; xli, 60. ----, gelatinous, _Guillemin_, xiv, 391. ----, in solution, in geodes, viii, 282. ----, ----, ibid, _G. Bischof_, xlix, 396. ----, hydrate of, xv, 390. ---- in plants, xxxiv, 27.

Siliceous buhr millstone deposits of Ohio, xxix, 142. ---- ----, hot water origin, xxix, 45. ---- minerals, on the treatment of, by carbonated alkalies, xviii, 404. ---- ----, solution of, by steam, xlviii, 397. ---- glass from burning hay, xix, 395; xxiv, 174. ---- corals, i, 141. ---- shells, corals and wood of Antigua, _S. Hovey_, xxxv, 79; --due to siliceous solutions, 82. ---- Sinter of the Azores, _J. W. Webster_, iii, 391. ---- springs and deposits in India, _Newbold_, xlix, 398. ---- substances, porosity of, vii, 192. ---- ----, containing siliceous infusoria and minute organic remains, _Turpin_, xxxii, 400.

Silicic acid, see _Silex_. ---- ether, _Ebelman_, xlix, 192.

Silicification of fossils, proceeding from thermal springs in Florida, _C. U. Shepard_, xxv, 165. ---- of wood, xxxiii, 108. ----, remarks on, _J. D. Dana_, xlviii, 88, 397; xlix, 227.

Silicified wood, see _Fossil_.

Silicon, how obtained, ix, 377. ----, a process for obtaining, _R. Hare_, xxii, 189; xxiv, 247^f; xl, 28. ----, production of, from paracyanogen, _S. M. Brown_, xli, 208. ----, on the alleged conversion of carbon into, xlii, 193.

Silk, on the manufacture of, in America, xviii, 382; xix, 175. ----, review of F. Pascalis on the culture of, xvii, 202; xviii, 278. ----, practical instruction concerning, xviii, 207, 278. ----, on the culture of, in India, xl, 39. ----, grown at Nottingham, England, xxxviii, 130.

Silk-worm, amount of silk from one, viii, 391. ----, new, xxxiii, 206.

_Silliman, B._, geological notices of New Haven and Litchfield Cos., Conn., ii, 201. ----, on prussic acid, ii, 81. ----, experiments with the gas blowpipe, ii, 282; iii, 89; vi, 349. ----, on an argentiferous galena from Huntington, Ct., and miscellaneous observations on lead ores, iii, 173. ----, circumstances connected with the formation of ice on still waters, iii, 179. ----, progress of American science, v, 197; xliii, 224. ----, tempest of Sept. 3, 1821, iv, 171. ----, natural ice-houses, iv, 174. ----, conversion of cannon balls into plumbago, iv, 179. ----, yellow oxide of tungsten, iv, 187. ----, fusion of charcoal, graphite, anthracite, &c. with the deflagrator, v, 108, 361; vi, 341, 378; x, 109, 119. ----, ---- ibid, with the compound blowpipe, vi, 349. ----, relations between the calorimotor and deflagrator, and other galvanic batteries, vi, 337. ----, application of fluor to etching glass, vi, 354. ----, on the cutting of steel by soft iron, vii, 342. ----, on the economical use of the anthracite of Pennsylvania, x, 331. ----, ---- ---- of R. Island, xi, 78. ----, on the igneous origin of some trap rocks, xvii, 119. ----, on the anthracite region in the Lackawanna and Wyoming valleys, xviii, 308.^f ----, notes on Mauch Chunk and other anthracite regions of Pennsylvania, xix, 1. ----, on the safety of steamboats, xix, 143. ----, notice of a fountain of petrolium, or oil spring, of Allegany Co., N. Y., xxiii, 97. ----, on the gold mines and region of Virginia, xxxii, 98. ----, experiments on different varieties of gold rock, xxxii, 105. ----, chemical examination of the coal of Chesterfield Co., Va., xlii, 369. ----, remarks on Phrenology, xxxix, 67. ----, remarks on ancient mounds, xliii, 152. ----, Address before the Assoc. Amer. Geol., 1841, xli, 187;--1842, xliii, 217. ----, review of Mantell's Medals of Creation, xlviii, 105. ----, work on Chemistry by, noticed, xix, 343; xx, 96. ----, comparison of British and American Journals of Science in 1834, xxvi, 174.

_Silliman, B., Jr._, on the electrotype, xl, 157.^f ----, analysis of the alluvium of the Nile, xl, 190. ----, rhombic structure of Connecticut sandstone, xli, 173. ----, soil of the Nile, xli, 160. ----, a daguerrotype experiment by galvanic light, xliii, 185. ----, use of carbon in Grove's battery, xliii, 393. ----, account of a carbon battery, xliv, 180.^f ----, scratches on rocks of Connecticut, xlv, 333. ----, review of Dana's Mineralogy, xlvi, 362.^f ----, analysis of Haydenite, xlvi, 379. ----, on meteoric iron from Otsego Co., N. Y., xlvi, 401. ----, on the trap and sandstone of Connecticut, xlvii, 107. ----, natural polariscope, xlvii, 418. ----, analysis of waters of the Dead Sea, xlviii, 10. ----, analysis of the mud of New Haven harbor, xlviii, 337. ----, reply to C. U. Shepard on a notice of his Mineralogy, xlviii, 179. ----, notice of meteoric iron from Cambria, near Lockport, N. Y., xlviii, 388.^f

_Silliman, B. D._, experiments on topaz, x, 352. ----, notice of an Aurora, xiv, 91.

Sillimanite, named, described and analyzed by _G. T. Bowen_, viii, 113. ----, notice of, viii, 195. ----, compared crystallographically with Kyanite, _C. U. Shepard_, xii, 59.^f ----, crystal of, with analyses, xlvi, 381.^f ----, analysis of, xlviii, 219. ----, analysis by _T. Thomson_, xlix, 396. ----, locality of, and of monazite, in Westchester Co., N. Y., xlvi, 207.

Silphium, v, 301.

Silurian or transition system, xxxv, 243. ---- ---- ----, _R. I. Murchison_ on, noticed, xxxvi, 399; xxxvii, 219; xliv, 193. ---- system of England and Europe, xxxvii, 219. ---- rocks of Denbigshire, _J. E. Bowman_, xlii, 325. ---- ---- of New York, xl, 77. ---- system, and its characteristic fossils, _T. A. Conrad_, xxxviii, 86. ---- ----, ibid, _H. D. Rogers_, xlvii, 145. ---- fossils, in Indiana, xlvi, 296.

Silver, atomic weight of, xlvii, 189. ----, effect of terrestrial magnetism on the precipitation of, xvi, 262. ----, Gregory's method of obtaining, from the chloride, xlvi, 201. ----, reduction of the chloride of, xxviii, 145. ----, production of the discolored chloride of, _Cavalier_, xx, 193; xxi, 369. ----, chloride of, on the change of color, xx, 193; xxi, 369. ----, fulminating, accidents from, i, 169; xxii, 185. ----, ----, xviii, 335. ----, ----, of Berthollet, xviii, 155. ----, ----, _Mitscherlich's_ mode of preparation, xix, 379. ----, on some of the substances which may be used in forming a metallic mirror by the precipitation of the oxide of, xlix, 398. ----, hyperoxide of, xlix, 194, 391. ----, purple precipitate of, xxii, 198. ----, German, made by _Frick_, xiii, 172. ----, imitation, xxiii, 195. ----, preparation of pure nitrate of, v, 348; xxiv, 370. ----, nitrate of, reduced by remaining in a pasteboard box, xviii, 400. ----, ----, pure, not blackened by sun's rays, xxxv, 298. ----, native, at Huntington, Conn., vi, 230. ----, ----, in New Jersey, v, 401. ----, ----, of Davidson Co., N. C., xli, 183, 349. ----, ----, in Michigan, Lake Superior, xli, 185; xlix, 81. ---- of Lane's mine, analysis of, _W. W. Mather_, xxvii, 256. ----, in the Southampton lead mines, Mass., xxii, 63. ----, fruitless search for, in Ohio, xxv, 224. ---- ores, reduction of, _W. W. Mather_, xxiv, 218. ----, yield of Russian mines of, xxi, 372. ---- mines of Nertchinsk, xvii, 34. ---- ---- of the Hartz, xix, 113. ---- ---- of Peru and Chili, xvii, 43. ---- ----, ----, Pasco, S. America, sketch of, _De Rivero_, xvii, 43.^f ---- ---- ----, Tarapaca, xliv, 8. ---- ---- of Mexico and South America, xxiv, 213, 226. ---- ---- of Davidson Co., North Carolina, xli, 183, 348. ----, sulphuret of, in New York, i, 237. ---- ore, red, analysis of, v, 377. ---- paper, mode of imitating, xix, 189.

Silvering copper, xxiii, 386. ---- glass, Drayton's method, xlix, 198. ---- iron, xxx, 169.

_Simond, L._, notice of, xxiii, 371.

Sines and cosines of the sum and difference of two arcs, formulæ for, _T. Strong_, i, 424.^f ----, rational expression for, _D. Gould_, xxii, 392.

Singapore, climate and productions of, _J. S. Travelli_, xliv, 151.

Siren, notice of genus and species, _D. H. Barnes_, xi, 281.

Sismondine, analysis and description of, _A. Delesse_, xlvii, 217.

Sium tricuspidatum, xi, 175.

Sivatherium, xxxi, 170; xxxiii, 104.

Size for artists, receipt for, xxi, 168. ----, new, for the chain of woven cloth, xxii, 366. ---- for cotton or linen, preparation of, xxii, 367.

Skeleton, human, of Guadaloupe, _J. Moultrie_, xxxii, 361. ----, ----, ancient in Ohio, ii, 242. ----, preservation of, xix, 57.

_Skene, J._, on the emigration of a colony of caterpillars, ix, 284.^f ----, graduation of thermometers, xii, 397.

_Skidmore, T._, formation of flexible elastic lubes, v, 153.

Skins, preservation of, xi, 397. ----, ----, see farther under _Preservation_.

Skugisan, xxvi, 388.

Skull found in a tree, iv, 377. ----, of Guadaloupe human skeleton, _J. Moultrie_, xxxii, 361.

Skulls, singular variety of, from Peru and Bolivia, xxviii, 78. ----, American, observations on, _J. C. Warren_, xxxiv, 47. ----, ----, _S. G. Morton_ on, xxxviii, 341.^f ----, _S. G. Morton's_ collection of, xxi, 197. ----, proposed new work on, by _S. G. Morton_, xxxii, 207. ----, ---- ----, reviewed, xxxviii, 341.^f

Skunk, American, iv, 391.

Sky, on the cause of the blue appearance of, _B. Hallowell_, xv, 360. ----, ibid, xxvi, 65.

Slates, artificial, in Russia, vii, 191.

Slate, roof, in western Massachusetts, viii, 19, 20. ----, ----, in Worcester Co., Mass., xxii, 34. ----, fused to hornstone, xxxiv, 73.

Sleep of plants, xxii, 375.

Slide of Alpnach, xxiv, 124. ---- in Essex Mountains, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxiii, 313. ---- from Mount Pilatus to the Lake of Lucerne, iii, 368. ---- and avalanches in the White and Green Mountains, xv, 217.

Small pox, nature of the virus of, xix, 389. ---- ----, _F. Pascalis's_ theory of its origin, x, 208. ---- ----, on the increase, xxxviii, 134. ---- ----, power of new virus, xxxviii, 134.

Smilax grandifolia, xlv, 171.

_Smith, Al._, Connecticut valley, water courses and geology of, xxii, 205.^f ----, ---- ----, terraces of, xxii, 214. ----, ---- ----, ancient lakes, xxii, 216. ----, ---- ----, greenstone, xxii, 224.

_Smith, Az._, electricity in machines, xxxix, 134. ----, ruins of Nineveh, xlix, 113.

_Smith, D. B._, Principle of Chemistry, by, noticed, xlvii, 414.

_Smith, E. D._, effects of earthquakes of 1811-12, i, 93. ----, Warm springs in Buncombe Co., North Carolina, iii, 117. ----, analysis of the Harrodsburg salt, i, 403. ----, application of medico-chemistry to calculous affections, iii, 300.

_Smith, F. L._, on the gold deposits of a portion of North Carolina, xxxii, 130.

_Smith, H._, letter to B. Silliman, xxxv, 336.

_Smith, H. L._, on some nebulæ, xl, 37. ----, discovery of a comet, xlvii, 419.

_Smith, J._, on Atlantic steam navigation, xxxv, 160, 332; xxxvi, 133.

_Smith, J. D._, analyses of guano, xlviii, 183.

_Smith, J. L._, on the means of detecting arsenic, xl, 278; xlii, 75.^f ----, action of some alkaline salts on the sulphate of lead, xlvii, 81. ----, instrument for estimating the carbonate of lime in calcareous substances, xlv, 262.^f ----, action of phosphates of alkalies on carbonate of lime, &c., xlviii, 97. ----, chromate of potash, a reagent for distinguishing the salts of baryta and strontia, xxxvi, 183. ----, action of potash in cholesterine, xliv, 60. ----, notice of _V. Regnault_ on the dilatation of gases, xliv, 63. ----, on _Varrentrapp_ and _Will's_ mode of determining the nitrogen in organic compounds, xlii, 253^f; xlv, 267. ----, composition and products of distillation of spermaceti, and its oxidation by nitric acid, xliii, 301. ----, composition of marl from Ashley river, S. Carolina, xlviii, 101. ----, on fluorine in bones, xlvii, 131; xlviii, 99. ----, oxide of cobalt at Silver Bluff, S. Carolina, xlvii, 131; xlviii, 103. ----, a new method of making permanent magnets, by galvanism, xxxvi, 335.^f

_Smith, J. P._, lectures on geology, xli, 387.

_Smith, J. V. C._, remarks on his "Fishes of Massachusetts," xxxvi, 337.

_Smith, L. W._, suspended animation from drowning, v, 125.

_Smith, N._, obituary notice of, xvi, 211.

_Smith, S._, on the salt springs and manufacture of salt at Salina and Syracuse, xv, 6.

_Smith, W._, labors of, in English geology, xl, 219; xliii, 226.

_Smithson_, notice of, xx, 306.

Smoke, production and prevention of, _H. Dircks_, xlvi, 400. ---- disperser, _Millet's_, xvii, 164.

Snail, edible, economical notice of, xxxii, 254.

Snails, habits of, _J. T. Plummer_, xlviii, 93. ----, see farther under ZOOLOGY, _Mollusca_.

Snake, copper-head, _C. S. Rafinesque_, i, 84.

Snakes, fascination of, xii, 368. ----, ibid, objected to, xiii, 388. ----, preserving of, xii, 288. ----, two headed, _S. L. Mitchill_, x, 48.^f ----, remarks on, _S. Woodruff_, xxix, 304. ----, suspended by spiders, xxvii, 307.^f

Snake Hill, Saratoga lake, ix, 1.^f

Snake-root, Turman's, a supposed antidote for the bite of rattlesnake, N. Carolina, xlii, 43.

_Snell, E. S._, instrument for exhibiting a certain optical deception, xxvii, 310. ----, facts relative to the temperature of the year 1839, from observations at Amherst College, xxxix, 36.^f ----, a singular case of parhelion, and the theory of halos, xlix, 73.^f ----, on some new articles of philosophical apparatus, xlix, 20.^f

Snow, animalcules in, xviii, 56. ----, balls of, at Brunswick, Me., vi, 162. ----, clearing of, from the Baltimore railway, xx, 166.^f ----, crystallization of, _J. Green_, ii, 337.^f ----, ----, _C. Dewey_, iii, 367. ----, cylinders of, ii, 375. ----, at New Fane, Vt., 1823-4, depth of, _M. Field_, viii, 306. ----, at Marietta, Ohio, see _S. P. Hildreth's_ meteorological registers from 1829 to 1844. ----, inflammable, on a substance so called, _Hermann_, xxviii, 361. ----, red, x, 192. ----, ----, an animal production, xli, 64. ----, ----, near Boston, in 1688, xliii, 399. ----, ----, of Baffin's Bay, ii, 356. ---- and hail, singular appearances of, _D. A. Clark_, ii, 132.

Soap, notice of _Chevreul's_ observations on, ix, 189. ----, economical mode of making, xxxvii, 194. ----, from the Caraibes insects in Africa, iv, 195. ---- bubbles, illustration of cohesive force with, _J. Henry_, xlviii, 215. ----, making, preservation of animal fat for, xxxvii, 194.

Soapstone, and its uses, xiv, 376. ----, used for diminishing friction in machines, xiii, 192. ---- and mica slate, connection of, near Lowell, Mass., xxvii, 341. ----, of Maryland, xxvii, 17, 20. ----, in Virginia, i, 62. ----, see farther under _Steatite_.

Societies, admission fees to various foreign, xx, 165. ----, number of members of a few prominent, xx, 173.

Society, (in England,) of Arts Manufactures and Commerce, of London, xviii, 390; xxxix, 397. ----, ----, Astronomical, of London, ii, 364. ----, ----, Egyptian, of London, ii, 345. ----, ----, Electrical, xxxiv, 401. ----, ----, Geological, number of fellows of, in 1837, xxxiii, 76. ----, ----, ----, xli, 190. ----, ----, Geographical, of London, xxxii, 383. ----, ----, Meteorological, of London, xxxiv, 400. ----, ----, Microscopic, of London, xxxix, 203; xliii, 391. ----, ----, Royal, iii, 373. ----, ----, Traveller's, v, 175. ----, ----, Yorkshire Philosophical, xxi, 168. ----, (in Scotland,) Royal, xli, 382. ----, (in Ireland,) Belfast Natural History, ix, 381; xxviii, 369. ----, ----, Geological, of Dublin, xxviii, 368. ----, (in Europe,) for the encouragement of Agriculture, Industry and the Arts, in Switzerland, vii, 381. ----, ----, for the amelioration of Prisons in Russia, iii, 374. ----, ----, for the advancement of the Arts at Geneva, v, 379; vi, 392. ----, ----, Bible, of Athens, iii, 381. ----, ----, for the encouragement of National Industry in France, expenditure of, for 1821, vii, 198, 371. ----, ----, of Christian Morals in France, v, 194. ----, ----, Geographical, at Paris, viii, 384. ----, ----, Geological, of France, xxiv, 192; xxviii, 283. ----, ----, Helvetic, of Natural Sciences, x, 377; xviii, 168. ----, ----, Horticultural, of Paris, xv, 378. ----, ----, Linnæan, of Paris, v, 382; x, 195; xi, 380. ----, ----, ----, of Bordeaux, x, 173. ----, ----, Literary, of Antwerp, iv, 380. ----, ----, Medical, (Royal) in France, iv, 378. ----, ----, of Northern Antiquaries, xl, 212, 403; xlii, 214. ----, ----, Polytechnic, of Paris, xxiv, 191. ----, (in Canada,) Literary and Scientific, xx, 168. ----, ----, Historical and Literary, of Quebec, transactions of, xvii, 412; xx, 168; xxv, 211; xxviii, 368. ----, (in United States,) enunciation of scientific, x, 369. ----, ----, American Antiquarian, iii, 357; xviii, 136. ----, ----, American Geological, notice of, i, 442; ii, 139; v, 403; vi, 377. ----, ----, ibid, proceedings of, iii, 360; iv, 191; ix, 178; x, 201. ----, ----, American Philosophical, notice of transactions of, xxxvii, 188. ----, ----, ibid, proceedings of, xxxviii, 153; xxxix, 361; xl, 27, 374. ----, ----, ibid, proceedings at the centennial anniversary of, in 1843, xlv, 231. ----, ----, Albany Institute, transactions of, xvii, 208, 415; xix, 173, 360. ----, ----, Boston Natural History, annual report of, giving some account of the cabinet of, xxxii, 364; proceedings of, xxxiii, 180. ----, ----, ibid, notice of Journal of, xxvi, 397; --proceedings of, xxviii, 373; xxxi, 185; xxxiii, 180; xxxvi, 379; xxxvii, 391; xxxviii, 193; xxxix, 182; xl, 196, 386; xlii, 379; xliv, 193; xlvii, 411. ----, ----, Cincinnati Natural History, address from, on collecting specimens and information, i, 203. ----, ----, Delaware Chemical and Geological, notice of, v, 198. ----, ----, Essex County Natural History, notice of Journal of, xxxvii, 187. ----, ----, Entomological, of Pennsylvania, xliv, 199. ----, ----, Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, established, ix, 391. ----, ----, Franklin, of Providence, xviii, 195. ----, ----, Hartford Natural History, xxxii, 392. ----, ----, Yale Natural History, xxx, 187; xxxiv, 397. ----, ----, Indiana Historical, notice of, xx, 163; xxiv, 181. ----, ----, New York State Horticultural, formed, viii, 398. ----, ----, Statistical, of New York, notice of, xxxii, 202. ----, see farther under _Academy_, _Association_, _Lyceum_ and _Institute_.

Soda, crude, of commerce, remarks on, _J. Revere_, xiv, 41. ----, prepared from the sulphate of soda, xiii, 176. ----, impurities in, xix, 83. ----, carbonate of, on the manufacture, xxviii, 143. ----, supercarbonate of, new mode of preparing, xxx, 189. ----, ----, xix, 198. ----, nitrate of, in Atacama, Peru, xii, 385. ----, ----, in Tarapaca, xxxviii, 410; xxxix, 375; xliv, 5. ----, anhydrous sulphate of, xiii, 185. ----, hyposulphite of, _Plessy_, xlix, 200. ---- and magnesia sulphate, xlviii, 189. ---- alum, at Milo, analysis of, xvi, 203; xxii, 387.

Sodium, preparation of, viii, 372. ----, a property of, xvii, 182. ----, price of, in 1825, ix, 387. ----, experiments on, _J. T. Ducatel_, xxv, 90. ----, chloride of, see _Salt_.

Soils, analysis of, remarks on, _A. Eaton_, xii, 370. ----, ----, new mode of, _S. L. Dana_, xxxvi, 366. ----, ----, in _C. T. Jackson's_ geological report, xl, 189. ----, on the chemical examination of, xli, 262. ----, organic matter of, _C. T. Jackson_, xlv, 337. ----, on the importance of determining the organic constituents of, and the mode, _C. Daubeny_, xliv, 352. ----, state of iron in, xlix, 394. ----, action of manures on, _Boutigny d'Evreux_, xxvi, 179. ----, action of gypsum on, xxvi, 181. ----, effect of magnesia on, xli, 159. ----, effect of hydrated-peroxide of iron on, xli, 159. ----, effect of sulphuret of iron on, xli, 159. ----, potash in, xli, 160. ----, in Indiana, _J. T. Plummer_, xl, 198; xliv, 310. ----, of Illinois prairie, xxxiv, 160. ----, of Maryland, _J. T. Ducatel_, xxvii, 316. ----, of Massachusetts, analyses, _E. Hitchcock_, xxxvi, 363, 366. ----, of New York, Kings, Queens and Richmond Cos., xxxvi, 21. ----, of Rhode Island, _C. T. Jackson_, xl, 188. ---- of the West, analyses of, xxxvi, 373.

Solar eclipse, see _Eclipse_. ---- spectrum, chemical action of, _Hessler_, xxxi, 160. ---- ----, dark lines of, rendered distinct, _D. Brewster_, xxxi, 379. ---- ----, new observations on, _J. F. W. Herschel_, xxxviii, 110. ---- ----, with light from nitre, &c., peculiarities of, _D. Brewster_, xliv, 163. ---- ----, action of gaseous and other media on, xlii, 157. ---- ----, photographic impression of, and phenomena of, _J. W. Draper_, xliv, 204. ---- ----, new experiments on, _D. Olmsted_, xlviii, 137. ---- rays, magnetic influence of, xiii, 188. ---- ----, electricity of, xvii, 391. ---- ----, see farther under _Light_. ---- spots, first observations on, xxiv, 204. ---- ----, in 1825, connection of, with temperature, xii, 199. ---- ----, in Nov., 1837, _D. Olmsted_, xxxiii, 393.^f ---- ----, heat of, _J. Henry_, xlix, 405. ---- halos, at New Lebanon, _T. Kendall_, vii, 337.^f ---- ----, in Tennessee, at Jackson, x, 368.^f ---- ----, in Massachusetts, at Millbury, x, 369.^f ---- ----, in Kentucky, xi, 325.^f ---- ----, in Rhode Island, September, 1816, xi, 328.^f ---- ----, in Otsego Co., N. Y., Feb., 1823, xx, 297. ---- ----, at Cazenovia, N. Y., _J. W. Tyler_, xxi, 189. ---- ----, at Kingston, U. C., _R. H. Bonnycastle_, xxx, 136. ---- ----, at West Point, _A. C. Twining_, xxxii, 229. ---- ----, theory of, _E. S. Snell_, xlix, 73.^f ---- heat, effect of, in raising a balloon, xxxiii, 196. ---- and terrestrial radiation, observed at Montreal, xxxvi, 182. ---- index, xlix, 301.^f ---- phosphori, xvii, 170. ---- system, on the elements of, _E. H. Burritt_, xxvi, 129.

Soldering sheet iron, vii, 379.

Solfatara, connection of, with Vesuvius, xix, 387.

Solid bodies, instrument for measuring the expansion of, xxx, 324.^f

Solidification of carbonic acid, xxxi, 163, 404; xxxv, 301, 346; xxxviii, 297^f; xlii, 203; xlix, 206.^f ---- of gases, _M. Faraday_, xlix, 373.

Solorina saccata, xlv, 49.

Solubility of magnesia, v, 378.

Songs of birds, xxi, 164.

Soot, analysis of, xi, 386.

Sophora affinis, xlix, 130.

Sopwith's mode of constructing secretaries, xxxv, 317.

Sordawalite, x, 186.

Sorex, see under _Zoology_.

_Soubeiran, E._, action of chloride of lime on alcohol, xxiii, 134. ----, on the pulverization of calomel, xlvii, 193.

Sound, concentration of, xix, 190. ----, limits to the audibility of, xxii, 374. ----, effect of, on the barometer, xxx, 377. ----, reverberation of, and best buildings for hearing, xxix, 350. ----, velocity of, vi, 394; xvi, 390. ----, waves of, apparatus for illustrating, xlix, 20.^f ----, subterranean, x, 377. ----, ----, at East Haddam, Ct., xxxix, 336. ----, influence of, on the elephant and lion, x, 186.

Soundings, deep, in the ocean, by the French ship Venus, xl, 407.

Soups from bones, in France, x, 388.

South America, extracts from travels in, xxiv, 382.

South Carolina, Medical Institution and Journal, xii, 382. ----, geological notices of, iii, 1, 227.

South Seas, icebergs in, xxii, 200.

Southampton lead mine, Massachusetts, i, 136; vi, 201; ix, 166; xii, 238^f; xxii, 57.

Southern Review, notice of, xiii, 383; xiv, 199. ---- Agriculturalist, xviii, 203; xxi, 182.

Space, planetary, _Fourier_ on the temperature of, xxxii, 1. ----, ----, _S. D. Poisson_ ibid, xxxiv, 57. ----, ----, idea of ether in, when introduced, xxxiii, 1. ----, ----, ibid, _R. W. Haskins_ on, xxxiii, 1. ----, resistance in, to the motion of the heavenly bodies, xvii, 389.

Spadiate, a new mineral, xlix, 394.

_Spafford, H. G._, on groves of evergreens, as screens for the garden, orchard, &c., xxii, 158. ----, on spontaneous combustion, xxii, 161.

Spain, difficulty of mineralogical excursions in, viii, 187. ----, yield of Rio Tinto mine of copper, xxviii, 144. ----, mines of Almaden, xxviii, 21. ----, extracts from a journal, on the mining industry of, _F. Le Play_, xxviii, 17. ----, Madrid, science in, xix, 194.

Spark extinguisher, xlii, 209.^f ----, electric, see _Electric_.

Sparks in the freezing of water by ether, _Pontus_, xxvi, 178.

Sparrows, number of caterpillars taken by, ix, 200.

Spatangus, see ZOOLOGY, _Radiata_.

Spathic iron, see _Iron, carbonate of_.

Specific gravity, considered as a mineralogical character, xvi, 260. ---- ----, on the means of taking, _R. Hare_, xi, 121.^f ---- ----, a new instrument for, _F. H. Baddely_, xviii, 263.^f ---- ---- of gases, a modification of the method for ascertaining, _R. Hare_, xvi, 293. ---- ---- ----, _T. Thomson's_ method of taking, ii, 362. ---- ---- of nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine, and of the vapors of carbon, sulphur, arsenic and phosphorus, xxxv, 298. ---- ---- of various minerals, _A. Breithaupt_, xxxi, 268. ---- ---- of seawater, v, 129. ---- heat of the gases, notice of _de la Rive's_ and _Marcet's_ memoir on, xiii, 394. ---- ---- of certain solids, method of determining, xxvii, 267.

Spectacle glasses, manufactory of, xxvii, 80.

Spectrum, solar, see _Solar_.

Specula for telescopes, improvement in, xliv, 166.

Speculum, _Nasmyth's_ pneumatic, xxxviii, 107.

_Spencer, A._, vindication of claims, relating to the graphic art, xliv, Appendix.

_Spencer, T._, on the electrotype and its use, xl, 157.^f

Spermaceti, composition of, products of distillation of, and oxidation of, by nitric acid, _J. Lawrence Smith_, xliii, 301. ----, moving particles in, when burning, xl, 148.

Sphene in Canada, viii, 76. ---- in Massachusetts, vii, 53, 254; xxiv, 397. ---- in New Jersey, v, 243, 244. ---- in New York, ix, 40, 41, 251, 402; xxi, 326. ---- in Pennsylvania, x, 220; xiv, 7, 18. ---- in Vermont, iv, 276.

Sphenophyllites, generic characters of, vii, 182.

Spherical trigonometry, elements of, xvii, 415.

Sphinges, North American, xxxvi, 282.

Spiders, mode of forming the web of, xviii, 165. ---- and spider-webs, _J. Edwards_, xxi, 109.^f ----, gossamer, xvi, 399. ----, snake suspended by, xxvii, 307.^f ----, see farther, ZOOLOGY, _Articulata_.

Spinel in New York, viii, 92; ix, 242, 251; xxi, 326. ---- in New Jersey, v, 244; ix, 245.

Spinning frame, Brewster's, x, 130. ---- machine, worked by mice, in Scotland, viii, 371.

Spiral of Archimedes, _A. B. Quinby_, ix, 316.^f ---- conductor, on the action of, _J. Henry_, xxviii, 329.

Spirits, evaporation of, iii, 376.

Spitzbergen, some account of, xvi, 144.

Spix and Martius, reception of, at Munich, iv, 383.

Spodumene in Massachusetts, vi, 225 and vii, 30 (called white Augite); viii, 120, 243; ix, 20; xiv, 220; xx, 170. ---- from Sweden, vii, 371.

Sponges on the shores of Long Island, _C. S. Rafinesque_, i, 149.

Spongia patera, or Neptune's goblet, _A. A. Gould_, xxxvi, 386.

Spongy platina, _Döbereiner's_ discovery and researches, vii, 387; xviii, 151. ---- ----, _J. Liebig_ on, xviii, 398. ---- ----, action of, prevented by certain gases, xxxi, 348. ---- ----, ----, _Kuhlmann_, xxxvii, 198.

Spontaneous combustion, instance of, iii, 383; v, 201; xxii, 161; xxvii, 178; xxxiii, 147. ---- ---- in wood ashes, _O. P. Hubbard_, xlii, 165. ---- ----, remarks on, _J. Mease_, xxxiii, 147, 199. ---- ---- of coal, xxxiii, 147. ---- ---- of linen, cotton, &c. with linseed oil, xxxiii, 148. ---- ---- of oatmeal, xxxiii, 150. ---- ---- of lampblack, xxxiii, 150. ---- ---- of horse-manure, xxxiii, 151. ---- ---- of coal, xxxiii, 200. ---- ---- of wood, xxxv, 144. ---- generation, remarks on the theory of, _C. A. Lee_, xxxix, 289.

Spots on the sun, first observations on, xxiv, 204. ---- ----, in 1825, connection of, with the temperature, xii, 199. ---- ----, in 1837, observations on, _D. Olmsted_, xxxiii, 393.^f ---- ----, heat of, _J. Henry_, xlix, 405.

Spring, monograph by, on the Lycopodiaceæ, xliv, 196.

Springs and fountains, on the origin of, _G. W. Long_, xvii, 336. ----, remarks on Mr. G. W. Long's paper on, xviii, 379. ----, geographical, geological and physical considerations on, _H. de Thury_, xviii, 267.^f ----, freshwater, _J. du Commun_, xiv, 174.^f ----, spouting fountain near Uncino, Naples, xxv, 194. ----, ibid, analysis of water of, xxv, 195. ----, acidulous or carbonated, New York, xxxvi, 8. ----, burning, Ohio, xlix, 406. ----, carburetted hydrogen, New York, xxxvi, 6. ----, ---- ----, in the Ohio valley, xxiv, 61. ----, chalybeate, at Litchfield, Ct., iii, 235. ----, ----, at Catskill, N. Y., iii, 236. ----, ----, remarkable, in Scotland, xx, 384. ----, hot, see _Springs, thermal_. ----, intermittent, near Pittsburgh, Pa., cause of, xlviii, 400. ----, mineral, _J. Anglada's_ deductions respecting, v, 187. ----, ---- water from Azores, analysis of, _C. T. Jackson_, xxxi, 94, 96. ----, ----, near Albany, _W. Meade_, xiii, 145. ----, ----, of Carlsbad, vii, 185. ----, ----, of Florida, xxxv, 51. ----, ----, in Illinois, xxxiv, 157. ----, ----, in Massachusetts, viii, 31; xxii, 47. ----, ----, of Cliff street, New York city, analysis of, _G. Chilton_, xviii, 346. ----, ----, of Saratoga and Ballstown, analysis of, _J. Steel_, xxi, 182; xxxvi, 8. ----, ----, ----, iodine in, xvi, 216, 242. ----, ----, ----, high rock, description of, _J. N. Steel_, xvi, 341.^f ----, ----, ---- springs, bromine in, xviii, 142. ----, ----, ----, remarks on, with analyses, _J. F. Dana_ and _J. Steel_, xxxvi, 8. ----, ----, in Pennsylvania, Bedford, xix, 97, 204. ----, ----, ----, Pittsburgh, analysis of, _W. Meade_, xiv, 124. ----, ----, in Tennessee, i, 66. ----, ----, in Texas, _J. L. Riddell_, xxxvii, 214. ----, in Scott, Scott Co., Va., analysis of, _C. B. Hayden_, xliv, 409. ----, naphtha, in Old Assyria, xxxvii, 353. ----, in Persia, xxxvii, 354. ----, nitrogen, locality of, at Hoosick, viii, 31; xv, 234. ----, ----, Lebanon, viii, 21 xxxvi, 7. ----, on the formation of nitrogen in warm, _C. Daubeny_, xx, 383. ----, petrifying, in New York, xxxvi, 11. ----, pretroleum, in Kentucky, xxxix, 195. ----, ---- in the salt springs of the Ohio valley, xxiv, 63. ----, salt, origin of, _A. Eaton_, vi, 242. ----, ----, in Europe, Bavaria, emitting carbonic acid gas, _J. D. Forbes_, xxxv, 293. ----, ----, ----, of Montiers, in the Alps, and a peculiar mode of evaporation, _R. Bakewell_, xx, 219.^f ----, ----, ----, changes in, in Prussia, x, 193. ----, ----, in America, of Bear Lake and Northern America, xvii, 3, 5. ----, ----, ----, in Canada, viii, 73. ----, ----, of the United States, account of, _G. W. Carpenter_, xv, 1. ----, ----, ----, of New York, xxxvi, 2; xxxix, 103. ----, ----, ----, ----, analyses of, _G. Chilton_, vii, 344. ----, ----, ----, ----, of Salina and Syracuse, _S. Smith_, xv, 6. ----, ----, ----, ----, of Salina, contain iron, xvi, 187. ----, ----, ----, ----, of Salina, bromine contained in, xviii, 143. ----, ----, ----, ----, of Onondaga lake, xlii, 228. ----, ----, ----, of Pennsylvania, Kiskiminitas and Conemaugh, xxix, 71. ----, ----, ----, of Ohio, x, 5. ----, ----, ----, of Ohio valley, _S. P. Hildreth_, xxiv, 46; xxix, 26, 48. ----, ----, ----, of Indiana, xl, 135. ----, ----, ----, of upper Illinois, xxxiv, 157. ----, ----, ----, of Kentucky, xxix, 140. ----, ----, ----, of Michigan, xxxiv, 192. ----, ----, ----, of Virginia, i, 66. ----, ----, ----, ----, Holston, _C. B. Hayden_, xliv, 173. ----, ----, ----, ----, Kenawha, bromine and iodine in, xviii, 260. ----, ----, ----, ----, Kenawha, analysis of, xxiv, 66. ----, ----, ----, west of the Mississippi, iii, 27, 33. ----, ----, ----, of Texas, _J. L. Riddell_, xxxvii, 213. ----, sulphur, in New York, ii, 15; xv, 235; xxxvi, 9. ----, ----, of New York state, _L. C. Beck_, xli, 162. ----, ----, of Avon, analysis of, _S. Salisbury_, xxxv, 188. ----, ----, near Massena, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., xix, 226. ----, ----, Buffalo, chemical examination of, xx, 156. ----, ----, along the Hudson, allusion to, viii, 31. ----, ----, Delaware Co., Ohio, xxxi, 73;--analysis of, 74. ----, ----, in Maryland, xxvii, 28. ----, ----, in Virginia, gray sulphur, analysis of the water of, _C. U. Shepard_, xxx, 100. ----, ----, ----, white sulphur, xxix, 94. ----, ----, ----, red sulphur, xxix, 96. ----, ----, in Indiana, i, 133. ----, ----, on the St. John, Florida, xxv, 170. ----, ----, of Florida, xxxv, 51. ----, ----, of Texas, xxxvii, 215. ----, sulphuric acid or sour, in New York state, xv, 238; xxxvi, 10. ----, thermal, _K. von Nidda's_ classification of, xxxvi, 255. ----, ----, of volcanic regions, _G. Bischof_, xxxvi, 254. ----, ----, deposits from, _G. Bischof_, xxxvi, 259. ----, ----, causes of, _G. Bischof_, xxxvi, 253. ----, ----, connection of, with volcanoes, xxxvii, 53. ----, ----, of the Azores, iv, 261. ----, ----, boiling, near the Akhoor river, xxxvii, 349. ----, ----, ----, of Iceland, iv 370; xxxvi, 255. ----, ----, in Asia Minor, xxxvii 372. ----, ----, baths of Tiflis, Georgia, xxxvii, 349. ----, ----, of the Pyrenees and Alps, xxxvi, 253; xxxvii, 58, 61. ----, ----, in the bed of the Rhone, xxiv, 201. ----, ----, of North America, notice of, _C. Daubeny_, xxxvi, 88. ----, ----, of United States, Arkansas, xxxiii, 202. ----, ----, ----, in Maryland, xxvii, 28. ----, ----, ----, in Virginia, i, 66. ----, ----, ----, in North Carolina, iii, 117. ----, ----, ----, in Missouri, iii, 29. ----, ----, ----, of Suannee and elsewhere, Florida, _C. U. Shepard_, xxv, 165. ----, ----, ----, of Georgia and Florida, remarkable, _C. U. Shepard_, xxv, 168.

_Sproat, A. D._, proposed reform of orthography, xxxix, 197.

Spruce timber, strength of, xix, 228.

_Spurzheim, G._, memoir of, xxiii, 356. ----, works of, xxiii, 406.

Squamaria rubina, notice of, xxxix, 183.

Square numbers, analysis of, _A. D. Wheeler_, xxv, 87.

Squirrels of North America, description of, xxxvii, 290. ----, larvæ of Estrus in, xlvi, 244.

St. Lawrence, geology of the valley of, xlvi, 314.

St. Croix, geological character of, xxxv, 64.

_St. Fond, F. de_, obituary notice of, ii, 352.

St. Gall, society for encouragement of industry, vii, 381.

St. Michael, geological structure of, iv, 251.

St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., minerals of, xix, 220; xxv, 346. ----, geology of the valley of, _C. Lyell_, xlvii 314.

St. Petersburgh Academy, xxii, 203.

St. John's river, xxxv, 48.

Stachys aspera, iv, 65.

Staining of wood, iii, 166.

Stalactites, artificial, in a brewery, Indiana, _J. T. Plummer_, xliv, 307. ----, in New York, xxv, 347. ----, in Ohio, i, 133. ----, lava, of Hawaii, xvi, 350.

Stanleya amplexifolia, v, 297.

Stars in Lacaille's Cœlum Australe Stelliferum, remark on the reduction of, xxxviii, 94; xl, 310; xliii, 368. ---- in Lalande's Histoire Céleste, remark on the reduction of, xxxviii, 94; xl, 312; xliii, 367. ----, catalogue by the Royal Astronomical Society of London, in progress, xl, 312. ----, on the revision of the nomenclature of, _F. Baily_, xl, 310. ----, nomenclature of, to be revised by a committee of the British Association, xxxviii, 94. ----, extension of the Astronomical Society's catalogue, xxxviii, 95; xl, 312. ----, report of a committee from the British Association for revising the nomenclature of the stars, xl, 310; xlii, 147; xliv, 158; xlvi, 389. ----, ---- ibid, on catalogue, &c., xl, 310; xliii, 368. ----, British Association, catalogue of, completed, xlvi, 389. ----, number and order of, xv, 76. ----, missing, xxxvii, 373; xl, 406. ----, double, remarks on, xv, 76. ----, ----, motion of, xxxvii, 373. ----, twinkling of, remarks on, v, 156; xv, 360. ----, sixty-one Cygni, parallax of, xxxvi, 200. ----, aberration of, _F. G. W. Struve_, xlvii, 91. ----, ----, _B. Hallowell_, xv, 360. ----, observations on the lunar occultations of certain, xxxviii, 177. ----, shooting, see _Shooting Stars_.

Starch, chemical researches on, _J. B. Caventon_, xiii, 393. ----, notice of a memoir on, by _Guibourt_, xxiv, 371. ----, preparation of sugar from, xx, 195.

Starved rock, Illinois, xxxiv, 145.

State's Prison of Connecticut, in an old copper mine, iii, 222.

Statical electricity, generation of, _G. W. Raines_, xlix, 93.^f

Statistics, in Asia, of the Deccan, xxxiii, 274. ----, in Europe, price of labor and subsistence in, xxxvi, 176. ----, ----, value of mineral productions of, xxxi, 369. ----, ----, France, books published in, xviii, 185. ----, ----, ----, of crimes, xxviii, 80. ----, ----, ----, ---- of infants, xix, 192. ----, ----, ----, for Paris, 1819, iv, 376. ----, ----, ----, population, number of clergy, &c., xv, 397. ----, ----, Wirtemberg, xx, 176. ----, ----, Netherlands, University of, xviii, 182. ----, ----, Great Britain and Ireland, xxxv, 315. ----, ----, ----, of population, xxiv, 211; xxviii, 80. ----, ----, ----, of crimes, xxxviii, 135. ----, ----, ----, of crime in Liverpool, xxxiv, 33. ----, ----, ----, of fires in London, xxxv, 316. ----, in Russia, population, iv, 389; xv, 397. ----, in Africa, Egypt, vi, 389. ----, in America, West Indies, of deaths in the white troops, xxxvii, 197. ----, ----, of trade between U. States and Great Britain, xxxiii, 277. ----, ----, United States, of iron, xxii, 179. ----, ----, ----, New York, of population, manufactures, &c., xx, 147. ----, in New Zealand, of changes of population, xxxv, 315. ----, books of memoirs of 1833, xxviii, 295. ----, list of communications presented to British Association, at the tenth meeting, xli, 65. ----, of agriculture, importance of collecting information on, xxxviii, 135. ----, points of enquiry suggested by _Malthus_, xxviii, 66.

Statistical tables of Massachusetts, xxxiv, 213. ---- Society of London, number of members, xxviii, 80. ---- ---- ----, notice of Journal of, xxxvii, 189. ---- ----, of New York, xxxii, 202. ---- ----, of Boston, xxxix, 395. ---- societies in the United States, on the establishment of, xxxi, 186.

Statue of Luther, v, 181. ---- of Cuvier, xxx, 184.

Stature, human, law of increase in, _M. Quetelet_, xxii, 376.

Staurotide macle, _C. T. Jackson_, xlvi, 368.^f ----, in Canada, viii, 62. ----, in Connecticut, i, 353; ii, 205; v, 36. ----, in Maine, x, 17. ----, in Massachusetts, i, 436; v, 268; vi, 24, 219; viii, 40. ----, in New Hampshire, v, 40, 271; vi, 219, 245; (Mink pond) xviii, 127, 128. ----, in New York, i, 435. ----, in Pennsylvania, ix, 45. ----, in Rhode Island, ix, 49. ----, in Vermont, vi, 219.

Steam, a conductor of electricity, remarks on, xxvi, 206. ----, table of the elastic forces of, _Dulong_, xix, 181. ----, ratio between the elastic force and temperature of, xxviii, 363. ----, maximum elasticity of, xxxvi, 242. ----, power of, xiii, 180. ----, production of, from heated iron, _W. R. Johnson_, xxi, 71^f ----, properties of, xx, 326, 329. ----, specific gravity of, at different temperatures, xxxviii, 137. ----, electricity from, xl, 383. ----, rapid production of, in contact with highly heated metals, _W. R. Johnson_, xix, 292; xx, 308, 418. ----, agent in volcanic action, _G. Bischof_, xxxvi, 241. ----, destruction of vermin in ships by, xvii, 390. ---- pyrometer, _W. R. Johnson_ on, xxii, 96.^f ---- navigation, ii, 342, 347. ---- ----, letters on, _J. Smith_, xxxv, 332; xxxvi, 133. ---- ----, Atlantic, _J. Smith_, xxxv, 160. ---- ----, to the Pacific, by the isthmus of Panama and the western coast of South America, xli, 358. ---- ----, in the Pacific, on the coast of Chili, xliii, 207. ---- ----, mechanism of waves, in reference to, _J. S. Russel_, xxxiii, 283. ---- ----, Journal, xxxviii, 205.

Steamboats, American, notices of, _W. C. Redfield_, xxiii, 311. ----, the first, on the western waters, xxxi, 1. ----, Burden's, in France, xxx, 174. ---- Babcock, _J. H. Patten_, xii, 115.^f ---- in 1819, between Stockholm and St. Petersburg, ii, 347. ----, at Stockholm, v, 379. ----, at Bordeaux, v, 381. ----, first on the Swiss lakes, vi, 385.

Steamboat, between Trieste and Venice, iv, 377. ----, on fuel for, xx, 133. ----, of iron, v, 396. ----, advantages of iron compared with wood, xxxix, 206. ----, protection of, from lightning, _A. Jones_, xxii, 106. ----, on extinguishing fire in, xli, 66. ----, propulsion of, by the trapezium paddle-wheel and screw, xlii, 336. ----, an economical, xx, 14. ---- explosions, list of, _W. C. Redfield_, xx, 336. ----, cause of explosion, and a safety apparatus, _A. D. Bache_, xx, 317.^f ----, safety of, _B. Silliman_, xix, 143. ----, means of safety in, _J. L. Sullivan_, xx, 1. ----, safety of, xxxiv, 35. ----, causes of explosion, in a review of J. Renwick on the steam engine, xx, 329. ----, precautions to be used against explosion, _J. Renwick_, xx, 329.

Steamboilers, on the explosion of, _J. Perkins_, xiii, 52. ----, ibid, _E. Hazard_, xiii, 56. ----, on the supposed collapse of, and mode of preventing explosions, _W. C. Redfield_, xxi, 190. ----, loss of life by explosions of, xx, 415. ----, explosions due to defective material, xxxv, 317. ----, premium for protection against explosions, xx, 178. ----, rules regarding, in France, ix, 203. ----, safety of, in France, xix, 202. ----, feeding of, vii, 378. ----, on fuel for, _B. Silliman_, xx, 133. ----, use of American coal for, xlix, 310. ----, the galvanoscope, a means of detecting a deficiency of water in, _C. G. Page_, xxxvi, 141.^f ----, on high and low pressure, _A. B. Quinby_, ix, 313. ----, hydrostat for supplying water to, _I. Doolittle_, xiii, 64.^f ----, incrustations within, prevented by potatoes, vii, 193. ----, protection of, by timber, xix, 176. ----, strength of cylindrical, _W. R. Johnson_, xxiii, 68.

Steam-engines, large, x, 170. ----, spark extinguisher for, xlii, 209.^f ----, in Great Britain, xv, 185. ----, the first at Glasgow, xii, 385. ----, economy of using highly elastic steam expansively, _J. Perkins_, xiii, 59.^f ----, _J. Perkins's_ method of applying his mode of generating steam to ordinary, vii, 332.^f ----, Perkins's new, vii, 111.^f ----, remarks on _J. Perkins's_ high pressure, xiii, 40. ----, power of Perkins's, ix, 206. ----, revolving, invented by Samuel Morey, i, 157.^f ----, on the revolving, of Morey, _I. Doolittle_, ii, 101.^f ----, _J. L. Sullivan_, ii, 106^f; v, 144. ----, Ward's alternating, iv, 90.^f ----, review of a treatise on, by _J. Renwick_, xx, 322.

Steamship, the Savannah, under Captain Moses Rogers, the first Atlantic, 1819, xxxviii, 155. ----, ----, log-book deposited with the American Philosophical Society, xl, 34.

Steam generators of the steamboat Babcock, xii, 115.^f

Steam pump, Long's, xiv, 169.^f ----, some experiments with, xvi, 181.

Stearine, a compound body, _Lecanu_, xxviii, 361. ---- and elaine, vi, 377.

Stearoptine, of oil of roses, xxviii, 383.

Steatite, best in New England, xxxiii, 165. ----, uses of, xiii, 192; xiv, 376. ----, in Connecticut, i, 354; vi, 228; x, 12; xxxiii, 165. ----, in Maryland, v, 255; xxiv, 355; xxvii, 20. ----, in Massachusetts, i, 113, 138; vi, 228; ix, 54; xxii, 31; --Middlefield, ii, 236; iv, 274; v, 249; viii, 50, 51; x, 19; xxvii, 382; xxxiii, 165;--Groton, xxvii, 341. ----, in New Hampshire, at Orford, xxxiii, 165. ----, in New Jersey, at Sterling, ix, 245. ----, in New York, xix, 225; xxv, 347. ----, in Pennsylvania, viii, 236; xiv, 18. ---- quarries in Rhode Island, viii, 227, 231. ----, in Vermont, v, 272; vi, 228; vii, 58; xxviii, 370; xxxiii, 165. ----, crystallized, (pseudomorphous) at Middlefield, _C. Dewey_, iv, 274; v, 249; vi, 334 (analysis); viii, 51. ----, hornblende pseudomorphs, analysis of, _L. C. Beck_, xlvi, 35.

_Steel, J. H._, notice of a report by, on the geology of Saratoga Co., N. Y., v, 203. ----, notice of Snake Hill and Saratoga lake, and its environs, ix, 1.^f ----, description of the high rock spring, at Saratoga, xvi, 341.^f ----, iodine in the Saratoga waters, xvi, 242. ----, on swallows, xix, 356. ----, analysis of the Saratoga and Ballstown waters, xxi, 182; xxxvi, 8. ----, oolite of Saratoga, and state of New York, ix, 16.^f ----, on chrysoberyl, iv, 37.

Steel, on the cutting of, by soft iron, _H. Daggett_, vi, 336. ----, ibid, _B. Silliman_, vii, 342. ----, on the cutting of, by soft iron, note on, vii, 390. ----, ibid, x, 127, 397. ----, Clarke's, xvii, 113. ----, Damascus, v, 182. ----, American, xix, 175. ----, engraving on, iii, 353. ----, on the fabrication of, at Sheffield, Yorkshire, xix, 182.^f ----, manufacture of, xvii, 111. ----, ----, by cementation, xix, 182. ----, prevention of, from rusting, vi, 398; xxi, 150; xxii, 382; xxiii, 199, 383. ----, silicium in, iv, 376. ----, tempered, action on, of soft iron in motion, ix, 324; x, 127, 397. ----, blistered, xv, 374. ---- blades, P. Bradier's, vi, 395. ---- plate, menstruum for biting-in on, x, 194. ---- plates, colored, xvii, 376.

_Stein, W._, on lithia in a blowpipe test, xlviii, 193.

_Steinhauer, H._, remarks on trap, ii, 232.

Steinheilite, iv, 377.

Stellarota, _Pettengill's_, xvi, 363.

Stellite, Bergen Hill, N. J., xl, 69. ----, ----, analysis of, xliv, 54; xlvi, 35. ----, ----, remarks on, xlvi, 379.

_Stenhouse, J._, detection of kinic acid, xlix, 391. ----, on the silvering of glass, xlix, 398.

Steppes, Russian, xvii, 23.

Stereoscope, xxxv, 295.

Stereotyping, invention of, xvii, 161.

Stereotype, soft iron used for, xxvi, 192. ---- printing, original document on, _C. Colden_, and a letter by _B. Franklin_, xxiv, 319.

_Sternberg, Count K._, notice of, xxxvii, 125.

Sternbergite, xv, 386.

_Steudel, E. T._, Nomenclator Botanicus, notice of, xl, 174; xli, 373; xlii, 377.

_Stevelly, J._, on clouds, wind and rain, xxxviii, 105. ----, on filling barometers, xxxviii, 109.

_Stewart, C. S._, notices of the volcano Kilauea on Hawaii, xi, 363; xx, 229.

_Stickney, B. F._, on native lead and cinnabar, ii, 170. ----, on the supposed discovery of cinnabar in Michigan, xxxvii, 185.

Stigmaria, generic characters of, vii, 180.

Stigmariæ and Sigillariæ, xlix, 227.

Stilbite, in Canada, viii, 65. ----, in Connecticut, i, 135; vi, 224; xxxv, 179. ----, in Massachusetts, i, 114, 115. 134; vi, 224; vii, 254. ----, in New Jersey, ii, 191, 192, 195; v, 239; xliv, 59.^f ----, in New York, v, 399; vi, 365; ix, 41, 402; xliv, 59. ----, in Nova Scotia, xxx, 346. ----, from New Holland, xxxix, 161.^f

Still for gin, of large size, xix, 394.

Stilpnomelane, xviii, 392.

_Stilson, W. B._, geology and mineralogy of a part of Indiana, i, 131.

Stockholm, steamboats at, v, 379.

Stones, moving, in lakes and ponds, _N. Chipman_, xiv, 303. ----, building, contraction and expansion of, by variations of temperature, _W. H. C. Bartlett_, xxii, 136.^f ----, experiments on the strength of various, _E. Hodgkinson_, xliv, 169. ----, of memorial and sacrifice, vii, 153. ----, lithographic, see _Lithographic_. ----, boulder, see _Boulders_. ----, meteoric, see _Meteorites_.

Stonesfield slate, marsupial fossils of, xxvii, 412; xxxvii, 228.

Stoneware of Baltimore, xxvii, 11.

Storax, oil of, xlix, 392.

_Storer, D. H._, report of the curators of the Boston Society of Natural History, xxxii, 364. ----, review of the "Natural History of the Fishes of Massachusetts," xxxvi, 337. ----, on the Carcharias obscurus, xxxviii, 195. ----, on the Emys Blandingii and a Syngnanthus, xxxviii, 195. ----, on the Squalus elephas, xxxviii, 197. ----, fifteen species of Ohio fishes, xxxviii, 392. ----, two species of Ray, xxxviii, 396. ----, fishes and reptiles of Massachusetts, xxxviii, 379. ----, on Bell's British Reptiles, xxxix, 185. ----, account of several fishes, xxxix, 378. ----, on Indian Cyprinidæ, xli, 92. ----, a new species of torpedo, xliv, 213; xlv, 165.^f ----, notice of Dekay's report on the fishes of New York, xlv, 275.

Storm, see under _Wind_.

Stratford, Vermont, copperas manufactory of, iii, 326.

_Strait, H._, on aerial navigation, xxv, 15.^f ----, theory of the bellows, xxvii, 88.^f ----, application of the principle of the balance in milking, pumping, churning, washing, fulling, &c., xxvii, 92.^f

_Stratton, T._, on ground ice, xl, 407.

Straw, Leghorn, viii, 378. ----, ----, on the cultivation of, xxii, 363.

Strength of stones and other materials, _E. Hodgkinson_, xliv, 168.

Striæ on rocks, see _Scratches_.

_Strickland, A._, on Ardea alba, xxxv, 311.

_Strickland, H. E._, silurian strata of Asia Minor, xxxiii, 95.

Strobilus caryophyllus, xxxi, 32.^f

_Strode, T._, on a siliceous petrifaction from North Carolina, vii, 249.

Strokr, account of, xxxvi, 256.

_Stromeyer_, analyses of several minerals, vii, 368.

Stromnite, new mineral species, ii, 177.

_Strong, T._, a new method of obtaining the formulæ of the sines and cosines of the sum and difference of two arcs, i, 424.^f ----, solutions of diophantine problems, i, 426; xxxi, 156. ----, mathematical problems, ii, 54^f, 266.^f ----, demonstration of the binomial theorem, xii, 132. ----, solution of problems in fluxions, xvi, 283; xvii, 69, 329; xviii, 67. ----, on capillary attraction, xviii, 70. ----, on central forces, xix, 46; xx, 65. 291; xxi, 66, 334; xxii, 132, 342. ----, motion of a system of bodies, xxiv, 40; xxv, 281; xxvi, 44. ----, on the parallelogram of forces, xxvi, 304; xxix, 345. ----, composition and resolution of forces and statical equilibrium, xxviii, 85. ----, theory of the variations of the arbitrary constants in elliptic motion, xxx, 248. ----, integration of one kind of differential equations of the second order, xlii, 273. ----, on the principles of virtual velocities, xlii, 66; xliii, 77.^f ----, on the first principles of the differential calculus, together with a new investigation of Taylor's theorem, xlv, 269. ----, new way of obtaining exponential and logarithmic theorems, xlviii, 36.

Strontia distinguished from baryta by means of chromate of potash, _J. L. Smith_, xxxvi, 183. ----, on the red color of the flame from, _F. H. Baddely_, xviii, 261. ----, test for, iv, 372. ----, action of, on animals, xiii, 178. ----, sulphate of, (celestine) Lake Erie, ii, 241; iii, 363; iv, 279, 324. ----, ----, analysis of, _G. T. Bowen_, iv, 324. ----, ----, ----, _Stromeyer_, vii, 369. ----, ----, of Presq'ile, Ohio, vii, 46. ----, ----, Detroit river, v, 40. ----, ----, in Canada, viii, 72. ----, ----, ----, _F. H. Baddely_, xviii, 104. ----, ----, in Sicily, viii, 205.

Strontianite in the United States, _E. Emmons_, xxvii, 182. ----, ----, notices of, xxvii, 363; xxviii, 174. ----, examination of, _C. U. Shepard_, xxvii, 183, 363.^f ----, from Freyberg, and Scotland, vii, 369. ----, analysis by _Stromeyer_, vii, 369. ----, in Sicily, viii, 205.

Strontium, mode of obtaining from a chlorid of, _R. Hare_, xxxvii, 267; xxxviii, 115; xxxix, 362; xl, 296.^f

Structure of rocks, a result of elevation, _W. Hopkins_, xxxi, 365. ---- ----, schistose often a result of crystallization, _J. D. Dana_, xlv, 105.

_Struder, B._, on erratic blocks, xxxvi, 325.

_Stuart, J._, localities of minerals, vi, 249.

_Stuart, M._, exposition of the first chapter of Genesis, review of, xxx, 114.

Stucco for walls, xxiv, 206.

Sturgeon, spoonbill, of the Ohio, notice of, xii, 201.^f

_Sturgeon, W._, miscellaneous notices of remarkable results, in heating and decomposing by galvanism, xxxix, 28.^f ----, annals of electricity by, noticed, xxxii, 213. ----, remarks on galvanic batteries, xxxix, 35.

Sturm's auxiliary functions, on the relation of, to the roots of an algebraic equation, _J. J. Sylvester_, xlii, 163.

Stuttering, cured, v, 382.

Styrole, xlix, 392.

Submarine explosion, ii, 94.

Subsidence of southern part of Sweden, _Nilsson_, xxxiii, 102. ---- of the coast of Greenland, xxx, 379. ---- about Canaan Mountain, N. Y., v, 15. ---- and elevation, modern, xxxiii, 97. ----, areas of, in the Pacific, _J. D. Dana_, xlv, 131.^f ----, evidences of, in Great Britain, xxxiii, 97.

Subsistence in continental Europe, price of, xxxvi, 176.

Substitutions, theory of, as connected with the allotropism of chlorine, xlix, 346.^f

Subterranean forests, xxi, 23. ---- galleries, locust wood used in, xxx, 182.

Succinic acid, xlvii, 196.

Sugar, a means of preserving fish, viii, 391. ----, new acid from, xlvii, 196. ----, barley, crystallization of, xix, 177. ----, from beets, vi, 388. ----, ---- ----, manufacture of, promoted in France, xi, 396. ----, ---- ----, amount manufactured in France, xv, 394. ----, ---- ----, _Girardin_, xxiii, 392. ----, diabetic, analysis of, _T. Thomson_, xxxv, 298. ----, ----, xlix, 200. ----, from maize, xxx, 174; xxxi, 163; xliv, 215. ----, from mangle wurtzel, xxxi, 345. ----, maple, manufacture of, _J. Locke_, ii, 258. ----, in sweet potato, xv, 285. ----, from rags, saw-dust, ii, 347. ----, preparation of, from potato starch, xx, 195; xxi, 284; xl, 216. ----, ----, ---- ----, _S. Guthrie_, xxi, 284. ----, from wood sawings, &c., xl, 216. ---- cane in Colombia, at great heights on the Andes, xxxvii, 16.

Sugar Loaf Mountain, Mass., scenery of, vii, 9.

_Sullivan, J. L._, notice of the revolving steam engine, i, 157^f; ii, 106^f; v, 144. ----, new means of producing heat and light, i, 91.^f ----, means of producing safety in steamboats, xx, 1. ----, description of a steamboat, xx, 14. ----, improvement in steam boilers, xx, 10.

_Sullivant, W. S._, description of three undescribed plants from Ohio, xlii, 49.

Sulphacetic acid, _Melsens_, xlviii, 193.

Sulphates, new series of double, xlviii, 189, 190. ----, decomposed by organic matters, xviii, 147.

Sulphur, atomic weight of, xlviii, 402; xlix, 203. ----, properties of, xv, 189. ----, experiments on the cooling of, xvi, 216. ----, density of the vapor, xxiii, 383; xxxv, 298. ---- in assafetida, xv, 185. ---- in granite, vii, 56. ---- in volcanoes, origin of, _C. Gemellaro_, xxviii, 293. ---- in Connecticut, vii, 56; viii, 259; x, 12. ---- in Massachusetts, i, 114; viii, 53. ---- in New York, iv, 250. ---- in Pennsylvania, i, 237. ---- in Sicily, viii, 210. ----, use of, in rheumatism, ix, 169. ----, effects of excessive use of, viii, 394. ----, piercing of hot iron with, viii, 182. ----, carburet of, decomposed by weak electric action, xviii, 153. ----, two chlorides of, xxiii, 382. ----, bichloride of, _F. Chevet_, xlii, 71. ----, hydruret of, _L. J. Thenard_, xxii, 351. ---- acid, new, xlvii, 191. ---- spring, see _Spring_.

Sulphurets of the metal, new method of precipitating, xlvii, 193.

Sulphuretted hydrogen gas in the state of New York, xv, 235. ---- ----, condensation of, to a liquid, _M. Faraday_, vii, 354. ---- ----, solidified, _M. Faraday_, xlix, 377. ---- ----, injurious effects of, xviii, 160.

Sulphuric acid, anhydrous, new mode of forming, xii, 200. ---- ----, ----, Mosander's mode of preparing, xxviii, 360. ---- ----, on a new process for, practiced in Germany, _T. G. Clemson_, xx, 347.^f ---- ----, new process for, _Provostaye_, xl, 214. ---- ----, action of, on alcohol, xvi, 267. ---- ----, ----, on oil of sassafras, _R. Hare_, xxxi, 285. ---- ----, crystallization of, vi, 186. ---- ----, crystallized hydrates of, xx, 384. ---- ----, decomposed and not evaporated, on an incandescent metal, xxii, 365. ---- ----, manufacture of, at Glasgow, x, 360; xli, 48. ---- ----, tension of, xlvii, 191. ---- ---- and sulphate of iron, remarks on, xii, 387. ---- ----, action of, on hydrocyanic acid, xviii, 146. ---- ----, ----, with oil of hemlock, xxxvii, 246. ---- ---- and arsenious acids, a new compound of, xli, 47. ----, ----, produced by the Aix waters, xix, 176. ----, ----, native, xv, 238. ----, ----, in the Rio Vinagro, x, 191.

Sulphurous acid gas, a mode of obtaining, xxviii, 360. ---- ---- decomposed by iodine in alcohol, xi, 392. ---- ----, reaction of the essential oils with, xxxi, 281. ---- ----, a mode of liquefying, ix, 195. ---- ----, liquid, vii, 353; xvii, 166; xxxv, 374. ---- ----, solid, xlix, 376. ---- ether, xxxi, 275.

Sumach, bimalate of lime in, _W. B. Rogers_, xxvii, 294.

Summer, Indian, xii, 120; xxvii, 140. ----, ----, on the cause of the peculiar aspect of the air in, xviii, 66. ----, ----, _L. Foot_ on, xxx, 8.

Sun, a blue, seen at Bermuda, xl, 323. ----, singular appearance of, xxi, 198. ----, a supposed change by the rays of, in an elementary substance, _J. W. Draper_, xlvi, 390. ----, first observation of the spots on, xxiv, 204. ----, connection of spots on, with the temperature, xii, 199. ----, ----, November, 1837, _D. Olmsted_, xxxiii, 393.^f ----, heat of spots on, _J. Henry_, xlix, 405.

Sunderland cave, vii, 19.

Sunsets, autumnal, influence of the great lakes on, _W. Gaylord_, xxxiii, 335.^f ----, ----, in the West, _C. Dewey_, xxxviii, 151; xlii, 200.

Surgical operation, extraordinary, iii, 372.

Survey of the coast of the United States, by F. R. Hassler, plans and methods in, xvi, 225. ---- ---- ibid, under A. D. Bache, xlix, 229. ----, land, in the United States, mode of conducting, _E. F. Johnson_, xix, 131. ----, geological, see _Geological_. ----, canàl, in New York, xxiv, 19.^f

Surveying, an improvement suggested by _E. Wright_, xxii, 74.^f ----, field, improvement in, xxiii, 37.^f ---- instruments, on their improvement, _L. Lyon_, xiv, 268.^f

Surveyor's compass, improvements in, _T. Kendall_, xix, 337.^f

Sus, species of, see _Zoology_.

_Sussex, Duke of_, notice of N. Bowditch by, xxxvi, 214.

Sussex County, England, number of fossils of, xxiii, 171.

Sussex County, N. J., minerals of, _S. Fowler_, xxi, 319. ---- ----, mineralogy and geology of, _C. U. Shepard_, xxi, 321.^f

_Swaim, J._, electro-meteorological observations, xxxii, 304.^f

_Swainson, W._, Zoological Miscellany of, noticed, iii, 392. ----, Naturalist's Guide of, noticed, viii, 183. ----, new Zoological illustrations, xvi, 386. ----, Exchanges in Entomology, xxvii, 386. ----, on the monocardian animals, notice of, xxxix, 389.

Swallow, barn, _S. Woodruff_, xix, 172. ----, ----, _J. N. Steel_, xix, 356.

Swan, American, description of, xxii, 83.^f

Sweden, population of, in 1816, 1817, 1818, ii, 347. ----, botany of, v, 180. ----, elevation of, xxix, 363. ----, gradual elevation of, _C. Lyell_, xxviii, 72, 387. ----, subsidence of southern part of, xxxiii, 102.

Swedish Journals, xxix, 375.

_Swift, P._, on the temperature of the sea, xviii, 191.

Switzerland, jurisprudence in, iii, 379. ----, schools of, vi, 391; xii, 191; xiii, 397. ----, anniversary of the Society for the Encouragement of Agriculture, vii, 381. ----, thunder-storms in, xx, 178.

Syenite and amygdaloid of Salem, Mass., iii, 232. ---- of Massachusetts, along the Connecticut valley, vi, 28. ---- in western Massachusetts, viii, 10. ---- of Pennsylvania, viii, 236.

Sympathetic ink, xviii, 148.

Syphon, Buntem's improvement in, ix, 198.

Syphons, easy method of filling, _W. Foster_, xxviii, 268. ---- of glass, xxiii, 387.^f ----, improved, _R. Hare_, xxiv, 317.^f ----, self-filling, _W. B. Rogers_, xxvii, 302.^f

Syringodendron, generic characters of, vii, 180. ----, Kirtlandius, xxxi, 29.^f

Syrups, bleaching of, _Dumont_, xxiii, 346.^f

T.

Tabasheer, analysis of, xxx, 381.

_Taber, T._, practical remarks on gems, xxxviii, 61.

Taberd's Anamitic and Latin Dictionary, xl, 43.

Table Mountain, iii, 228.

Tabriz, earthquakes at, xxxvii, 351. ----, salt near, xxxvii, 350. ----, marble of, xxxvii, 355.

Tabular spar from the Bannat, analysis of, vii, 370. ---- ---- of Pargas, vii, 371. ---- ---- of Willsboro', N. Y., analysis of, _H. Seybert_, v, 113. ---- ---- in New York, v, 113; xiii, 198; xvii, 145. ---- ---- in Pennsylvania, xiv, 13.

Taconic mountains, character of, ii, 246; viii, 2, 8. ---- ----, geological section from, to Troy, _C. Dewey_, ii, 246. ---- system, remarks on, _D. D. Owen_, xlvi, 145. ---- ----, remarks on, _H. D. Rogers_, xlvii, 150. ---- ----, work on, by _E. Emmons_, noticed, xlviii, 394.

Tagua-nut, or vegetable ivory, xlix, 400.

Tails of comets, x, 395; xxxi, 142, 325; xxxiii, 5, 11; xxxviii, 35; xl, 59; xlvi, 108.^f

_Talbot, H. F._, photogenic drawings, xxxvii, 169; xxxviii, 97. ----, improvement in the telescope, xliv, 166.

Talc from Chamouni, analysis of, xlvii, 216. ---- in Connecticut, x, 14. ---- in Maryland, xiv, 12; xviii, 79; xxiv, 355. ---- in Massachusetts, i, 113; ii, 236; iv, 54; vii, 55. ---- in New Jersey, v, 29. ---- in New York, i, 144; v, 29; xix, 227, 228. ---- in North Carolina, v, 259, 264. ---- in Pennsylvania, i, 237; viii, 239; x, 219, 221; xiv, 5, 6, 17. ---- in Rhode Island, vii, 254; viii, 227, 231. ---- in Vermont, iii, 76; iv, 54; v, 40.

Talcose slate of the Connecticut valley, vi, 26. ---- ----, the gold rock of the Carolinas, _A. Eaton_, xviii, 50.

Tannin, memoir on, _J. Pelouze_, xxviii, 124.

Tanning, application of chestnut wood in, _W. Sheldon_, i, 312. ----, new process of, i, 439; xxxv, 303.

Tantalite, see _Columbite_.

Tapestries of Raphael, revival of their colors, xxxvii, 244.

Tapir, fossil, at Darmstadt, xxvi, 218.

_Tappan, B._, on the boulders of primitive rocks found in Ohio, xiv, 291. ----, on the cannel coal of Ohio, xviii, 376. ----, description of some new shells, xxxv, 268.^f

Tar, used to afford light, i, 92. ----, used to work steam engines, i, 165.

Tarapaca, South America, account of the minerals of the province of, _J. H. Blake_, xliv, 1.^f

_Tarlor_, observations on mining, xxxiv, 9.

Tartaric acid, manufacture of, at Glasgow, xli, 50.

Taste, the seat of, xx, 180.

Taurus Mountains, xxxvii, 351.

Taxidermy, see _Preservation_.

Taxodon, _R. Owen_, xxxiii, 208; xxxv, 196.

_Taylor, J._, on Astronomy and Photography at Rome, xliv, 373.

_Taylor, R. C._, Indian mounds and earthworks in the form of animal effigies, principally in Wisconsin, xxxiv, 88.^f ----, model of the southern coalfield of Pennsylvania, xli, 80.^f

_Taylor, Steuben_, localities of minerals, vi, 245. ----, account of a rocking stone, vii, 201. ----, localities of minerals, vii, 253; viii, 225.

_Taylor, Stephen_, on salt in Virginia, xli, 214.

_Taylor, S_., ancient mounds and other remains in Iowa and Wisconsin, xliv, 21.^f

_Taylor, W. C._, on change of population in New Zealand, xxxv, 315.

Taylor's theorem, _C. Bonnycastle_ on, xl, 42. ---- ----, new investigation of, _T. Strong_, xlv, 272.

_Tchihatcheff, P. de_, memoir on the geological constitution of the Altai, noticed, xlix, 378.

Tea, composition of, _E. Peligot_, xlviii, 187. ---- plant of Upper Assam, _W. Griffith_, xl, 165. ---- in Brazil, iv, 377. ----, cultivation of, in Brazil, and on its introduction into France, _Guillemin_, xl, 167. ----, green, of commerce, observations on, _R. Warrington_, xlviii, 188.

Teahills of China, excursion to, xxxi, 194.

_Teale, T. P._, on the vermiform filaments of Actiniæ, xxxv, 311.

Technological Institutes, xii, 197.

Technology, Elements of, xvii, 198.

Teeth, phosphate of lime in, xxviii, 386. ----, _R. Owen_ on fossil, xxxv, 307; xxxviii, 127. ----, on the microscopic structure of, xxxviii, 134. ---- of the Lepidostei, on the microscopic structure of, _J. Wyman_, xlv, 359.^f ---- of shark, New Jersey, fossil, xxviii, 378.^f ----, see farther under _Fossil_.

Telegraph, Pearson's, iv, 314.^f ----, system for the United States, proposed, xxxii, 201. ----, Morse's electro-magnetic, xxxiii, 185.^f ----, ---- ----, experiments with, xlv, 390.^f

Telescope, notice of Barlow's refracting, xvii, 367. ----, Leon Lewenberg's, xxxviii, 379. ----, Rosse's, xlvi, 208; xlix, 221. ----, achromatic, Cauchoix's, xxii, 358. ----, improvements in, by J. Frauenhofer, xvi, 307. ----, notice of Holcomb's, xxiii, 403; xxvii, 185. ----, superior, of Lerebours, xvi, 302. ----, fourteen feet reflector, xxxv, 174. ----, improvement in, _H. F. Talbot_, xliv, 166. ----, on determining distances by means of, xlii, 164.

Tellurium, _J. J. Berzelius_ on, xxviii, 137. ----, in Connecticut, i, 312, 316; vi, 235. ----, an astronomical machine, _E. C. Leedom_, xlii, 338.^f

Temperament, musical, _A. M. Fisher_, i, 9^f, 176.^f ----, ----, _Jno. Farey_, ii, 65.

Temperance, _Oliver's_ address on, xxiv, 190.

Temperature, disinfecting powers of increased, _W. Henry_, xxi, 392; xxii, 111.^f ----, effect of clearing land on, xlvii, 237. ----, ---- of mountains on, in the winter, xlii, 159. ----, ---- of, on the distribution of fossils, _T. A. Conrad_, xxxv, 239. ----, ---- of, on geography of plants, _S. Forry_, xlvii, 221. ---- limiting the distribution of corals, _J. D. Dana_, xlv, 310. ----, ibid, remarks on, _W. C. Redfield_, xlv, 311. ----, in different geological epochs, xxxv, 240. ---- of different heights, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxiii, 52. ----, on the methods of ascertaining the mean, _W. M. Carpenter_, xliv, 50. ---- of October, not the mean temperature of the year, xxv, 260. ----, month giving mean annual, xlvii, 223. ---- of the planetary space, xix, 377; xxxii, 1. ---- of the earth, and of space, _Fourier_, xxxii, 1. ----, ibid, _S. D. Poisson_, xxxiv, 157. ---- of the terrestrial globe, xxvi, 10; xxxii, 1. ---- of the earth at different depths, remarks on, xxiii, 14; xxxiv, 36; xxxv, 293; xliii, 176. ---- ----, in deep mines, xxxv, 297; xl, 333. ---- ---- increasing with the depth, early experiments upon, by _Joel Lean_, xl, 332. ---- ---- at different depths, near Madgeburg, xxxvi, 203. ---- ----, interior of, _R. Patterson_, xxxvii, 357. ---- ----, variations of internal, producing elevations and depressions in the earth's crust, _C. Babbage_, xxvii, 408. ---- ----, oscillations of annual, extinguished at different depths in different rocks, xxxviii, 109. ----, supposed difference of, between the air and the earth, _W. M. Carpenter_, xliv, 50. ---- of elevation, xxv, 123; xxxiii, 52. ---- of wells and springs, xxxv, 379. ---- ---- in New York, xxxvi, 25. ---- ----, xv, 190; xli, 316; xlix, 272. ---- of the ocean, v, 129; xxv, 130. ---- of the sea at great depths, from Péron's voyage, xvii, 295. ---- ----, ibid, remarks on, xviii, 191. ---- ----, table of Forster's observations, xvii, 299. ---- ----, table of Irving's observations, xvii, 299. ---- ----, ----, xxiii, 10. ---- ---- at depths, by _Scoresby_ and _Buchan_, xlv, 139, 140. ----, extreme cold, extraordinary seasons of, _N. Webster_, xxviii, 183. ---- of the ground in Siberia, _M. Erman, Jr_., xxxvi, 205. ---- in Europe, of wells at St. André, xxxvi, 204. ---- ----, of the cities of Rome, (Italy) and New York, _J. Van Rensselaer_, xlii, 120. ---- ----, of a cavern near Montpelier, xxxvii, 73. ---- ----, at Perth, Scotland, mean annual, xl, 342. ---- ----, mean, of Inverness, xliv, 158. ---- ----, ----, of Plymouth, England, xxxiv, 20. ---- ----, cold, of winter of 1837, 8, in England, _J. Lindley_, xxxix, 18. ---- ----, of Malvern, in Worcestershire, _Addison_, xxxviii, 102. ---- ----, of the air in York Minster, xlii, 161. ---- ----, excessively hot, of July, 1825, in England and France, xi, 195. ---- of the eastern and western continents compared and explained, _S. Forry_, xlvii, 38. ---- of the United States, connection of, with the lakes and ocean, _S. Forry_, xlvii, 21, 23. ---- ----, isothermal, isotheral and isocheimal lines of, in America and Europe, _S. Forry_, xlvii, 18.^f ---- ----, on the forwardness of the spring in different parts, _J. Bigelow_, i, 76. ---- ----, cold extreme of the winter of 1825, 6, x, 399. ---- ----, ---- ---- of January, 1835, at different places in, xxviii, 177. ---- ----, heat extreme in 1824, in the Southern States, ix, 395. ---- ----, ---- ---- of the summer of 1825, various observations upon, x, 296, 297. ---- ----, mean, of the state of New York, in 1832, xxv, 259. ---- ----, ----, ibid, xlix, 179. ---- ----, mean, of Albany, N. Y., xxv, 260. ---- of the United States, extreme cold at Plattsburgh, N.Y., (1821) iii, 366; (1826) xi, 195. ---- ----, subterranean, in the mines of eastern Virginia, _W. B. Rogers_, xliii, 176. ---- ----, of the year 1839, as deduced from observations at Amherst College, _E. S. Snell_, xxxix, 36.^f ---- ----, mean, at Salem, Massachusetts, and Rome, in Italy, for thirty-three years ending in 1818, vi, 386. ---- ----, ----, at Marietta, Ohio, see _S. P. Hildreth's_ meteorological registers. ---- ----, extreme heat, at Cumberland, Md., July, 1838, xxxv, 190. ---- ----, observations at Hudson, Ohio, 1838-1840, _E. Loomis_, xli, 315. ---- ----, ---- ----, 1841-1844, _E. Loomis_, xlix, 271. ---- ----, cold on Lake Superior, ix, 395. ---- ----, of Lake Ontario, _C. Dewey_, xxxiii, 403; xxxvii, 242. ---- ----, of the Saco river, _J. M. Batchelder_, xxxiv, 381. ---- ----, relative, of the water of the Saco river, and the atmosphere for the years 1837 and 1838, _J. M. Batchelder_, xxxvii, 389. ---- ----, of wells at Hudson, Ohio, _E. Loomis_, xli, 316; xlix, 272. ---- ----, ----, New York state, xxxvi, 25. ---- ----, ----, _M. Field_, xv, 190. ---- register at Montreal, 1836-40, _J. S. McCord_, xli, 330. ---- of Colombia, and of the Pacific coast of S. America, _R. Wright_, xxxvii, 1. ----, mean, at Rio Janeiro, for 1832 to 1843, _J. Gardner_, xlvii, 291. ---- of air, see farther _Meteorological_.

Tempering of metallic wires and springs, xx, 393.

Temple of Jupiter Ammon, iii, 378. ---- of Serapis, changes of level in, _C. Babbage_, xxvii, 408.

_Ten Eyck_, account of a large electro-magnet, xx, 201.

Tennantite, _Hemming_, xxvi, 386.

Tennessee, geology of eastern, &c., i, 60, 214. ---- meteorite, fall of, at Nashville, xv, 358; xviii, 378. ---- ----, account of, xvii, 326; xviii, 200. ----, meteoric iron, _G. Troost_, xxxviii, 250; xlix, 336.^f ----, ---- ----, analysis, _C. U. Shepard_, xliii, 354. ---- gold region, xxiii, 1.^f ----, Geological Report of, xxx, 391; xxxiv, 187. ----, mounds and caves in eastern, _J. H. Kain_, i, 428.

Tenorite, xlviii, 219.

Tephroite, xviii, 391.

Teratology, a French treatise on the elements of, noticed, xli, 374.

Terraces of the Connecticut valley, xxii, 214; xlvii, 98. ---- of the river Malbay, Lower Canada, v, 221. ---- of the Canadian Lakes, xlvi, 314. ---- of Lake Ontario, xxxv, 89; xxxvi, 40. ---- of Lake Huron, iii, 257. ---- of the Bay of Funda, xli, 55.

Terrestrial meridian, length of a degree of, xxxi, 222.^f

Tertiary of the Middle Rhine, _R. I. Murchison_ on, xlvii, 183. ---- of Cephalonia, _Hamilton_ and _Strickland_, xxxiii, 211. ---- formations in North America, essay on, by _J. Finch_, vii, 31. ---- of the Atlantic coast, United States, _T. A. Conrad_, xxviii, 104, 280.^f ---- epoch, elevation during, in the United States and California, xxxv, 245. ---- of Massachusetts, xxii, 36. ---- ----, of Martha's Vineyard, vii, 240^f; xxii, 36; xlvi, 318. ----, Hudson river formations, _J. Finch_, x, 227. ---- of Lake Champlain, xxxvi, 27. ---- of Ohio, xxxiv, 360. ---- formations of Virginia, _W. B._ and _H. D. Rogers_, xxxviii, 182. ---- of North Carolina, _D. Olmsted_, xiv, 231. ---- of the southern Atlantic states, _J. T. Hodge_, xli, 332. ---- shells of the United States, description of, _T. A. Conrad_, xxiii, 204, 339; xxviii, 109; xli, 344.^f ---- ---- ----, _I. Lea_, xxv, 413. ---- ---- ----, notice of, _E. Hitchcock_, xli, 246. ---- ---- ----, _H. D. Rogers_, xlvii, 254. ---- ----, remarks on a list of, _J. T. Hodge_, xli, 332, 343. ---- ---- of Maryland, list of, _I. Lea_, xxv, 422. ---- ---- from North Carolina, xxxix, 387. ---- ---- of Alabama, list of, _I. Lea_, xxv, 419. ---- ---- of the United States, mostly from Alabama, _H. C. Lea_, xl, 92.^f ---- infusoria, Virginia, xli, 214. ---- fossils, _Cuvier_ and _Brongniart_ on Deshayes' work on, xxiii, 196.

_Teschemacher, E. F._, analyses of guano, xlviii, 181.

_Teschemacher, J. E._, on the identity of pyrochlore with microlite, xliii, 33. ----, reply of C. U. Shepard to, xliii, 116. ----, remarks on uranium and pyrochlore, in reply to C. U. Shepard, xlviii, 395. ----, on the Elvella esculenta, xxxviii, 194. ----, on the minerals found at Charlestown, Mass., xxxviii, 194. ----, on plants from Blackstone river, xxxviii, 195. ----, on the Andromeda mariana, xxxviii, 196. ----, on fossil coals and madrepores, xxxviii, 197. ----, address by, before the Boston Society of Natural History, xli, 370. ----, on singular crystals of galena from Rossie, N. Y., xlvii, 417. ----, on the blowpipe characters of pyrrhite, xlvii, 418. ----, on the palatal tooth of the Ptychodus polygyrus, xxxvi, 380. ----, remarks on the origin of guano, xlvi, 203. ----, on the identity of Lincolnite and Heulandite, xlviii, 65.

Test for alkalies, flowers of the common mallows, a good, vii, 194. ---- liquor, the blue iris affords a good, v, 408. ---- paper of purple cabbage, xxvi, 210.

Tests for arsenic, see _Arsenic_.

Testacea, economical notice of some species of, xxxii, 53, 235. ----, see farther under ZOOLOGY, _Mollusca_.

Tetracaulodon, _R. Harlan_, xliii, 141. ----, xlv, 210. ----, _R. Owen_, xliv, 342.

Texas, lignite of, xxxvii, 216. ----, silicified wood of, xxxvii, 215. ----, hog-wallow prairies, notice of, xxxix, 211.

Thebaine, from opium, xxx, 379.

_Thenard, L. J._, system of Chemistry of, notice of, xx, 94.

_Thenard, P._, on the combinations of phosphorus and hydrogen, xlviii, 184. ----, on phosphuret of lime, xlix, 193.

Theodolite, Hassler's repeating, xvi, 252.^f

Theory of the universe, _P. E. Morin_, xxxi, 160.

---- of a resisting medium, examination of, xxxiii, 1.

Thermal spring, see _Spring_.

Thermo-electricity, xxv, 271; xxx, 181.

Thermo-electrical battery, _J. Locke_, xxvi, 214. ---- experiments on metals, _J. Locke_, xxvi, 381. ---- piles of Nobili, new, xxviii, 397.

Thermo-magnetism, a law of, regarding metals unequally heated, &c., _J. P. Emmet_, xxvi, 311.

Thermo-multiplier, _Nobili_ and _Melloni_, xxii, 370; xxiii, 185. ----, effects of, _M. Melloni_, xxiii, 381.

Thermometer, when invented, ii, 359. ----, theory of the construction of, _J. Adams_, viii, 121. ----, a new mode of graduating, _Skene_, xii, 397. ----, American manufactures of, vi, 371. ----, employed in finding the heights of mountains, xliv, 12. ----, or apparatus for measuring the expansion of solid bodies, _W. W. Mather_, xxx, 324.^f ----, differential, _W. Howard_, ii, 327.^f

Thermometric observations on solar and terrestrial radiation, at Montreal, 1838, _J. S. McCord_, xxxvi, 180, 182. ---- ----, see farther under _Temperature_ and _Meteorological_.

Thermopsis caroliniana, xliv, 80. ---- fraxinifolia, xliv, 81.

Thermoscope, new, xxii, 370.

Thermoscopic galvanometer, xxii, 370; xxxiii, 365.

Thetford, Vermont, copperas factory near, iii, 326.

_Thilorier_, liquid carbonic acid, xxxi, 402. ----, solidification of carbonic acid, xxxi, 163, 404.

Thimbles, manufactory of, in France, iii, 375.

Thomaite, a new mineral, xlix, 393.

_Thomas, D._, dip of the rocks in western New York, xviii, 375. ----, on coal formations in New York, xix, 326. ----, on physical climate, xix, 361. ----, Chrysomela vitivora, xxvi, 113.^f ----, on the American locust, xxi, 188. ----, specific characters of two species of Corydalis, xxvi, 114.^f ----, description of a new Ulmus, xix, 170.^f ----, on a new species of Liatris, xxxvii, 338.^f ----, on frogs and toads in rocks, xix, 167.

_Thomas, E._, improvements in the microscope, xix, 57.^f ----, improvements in the achromatic microscope, xx, 265.^f ----, obituary notice of, xxii, 380.

_Thomas, J._, transmission of galvanic light through metals of different conducting powers, xxxiv, 205.^f

_Thompson, W. A._, facts relating to diluvial action, xxiii, 243. ----, account of marks on graywacke, xx, 124. ----, on the vitality of toads confined, xxv, 41.

_Thomson, Sir Benjamin_, obituary notice of, xix, 28; xxxiii, 21.

_Thomson, C._, grave of, xxxv, 389.

_Thomson, J._, elevation of rails for roads of certain curvature, xxii, 346.^f ----, on inclined planes in the construction of railroads, xxiii, 107. ----, method of describing curves for arches, xxiv, 73.^f

_Thomson, J. B._, Elements of Geometry, by, noticed, xlviii, 210.

_Thomson, R. D._, on action of emulsin on amygdalin, xxxv, 302. ----, British annual of, noticed, xxxvii, 400. ----, on Parietin, xlix, 195. ----, Records of Science, noticed, xxviii, 365; xxxii, 212.

_Thomson, T._, native diarseniate of lead, xxxv, 297. ----, on diabetic sugar, xxxv, 298. ----, on galactin, xxxv, 303. ----, on cast iron, xxxiv, 21. ----, foreign substances in iron, xxxv, 302. ----, First Principles of Chemistry of, noticed, x, 162. ----, on light and heat, xx, 93. ----, Chemistry of Organic Bodies, noticed, xxxvi, 202. ----, on the non-existence of zirconia in Sillimanite, xlviii, 219. ----, analysis of Sillimanite, xlix, 396. ----, analysis of anthophyllite, xix, 359. ----, scientific medals of, xviii, 198.

Thomsonite, in New Jersey, xl, 69; xliv, 54. ----, in Nova Scotia, xxx, 345.

Thorium, a new metal, xvii, 381.

Thorn fence, x, 167.

Thracia, see ZOOLOGY, _Mollusca_.

Thrombolite, xlii, 386.

Thunder storms, see under _Wind_.

_Thury, H. de_, on springs and fountains, xviii, 267.^f

Thylacotherium, xxxvii, 228.

_Tiarks, J. L._, on the northern boundary of the Lake of the Woods, xv, 41.

_Ticknor, G._, letter to, from Baron von Waltershausen, xlvii, 100.

Ticonderoga, walls of, iv, 49.

Tides, atmospheric, Bombay, xxxiii, 274. ---- of the ocean, remarks on, v, 133. ----, remarks on, _W. C. Redfield_, xxv, 132; xxviii, 311; xlv, 294. ----, theory of, with observations at London and Liverpool, _J. W. Lubbock_, xxxi, 333. ----, _W. Whewell_ on, xxxi, 335, 362; xxxv, 290. ----, connection with the weather, _G. W. Hall_, xxxi, 371. ----, results mapped out by means of curves, _W. Whewell_, xxxv, 290. ---- wave, circuit character of, _W. C. Redfield_, xxviii, 313. ---- and tidal wave of the Atlantic and Pacific, _W. C. Redfield_, xlv, 294. ---- of the Society Islands anomalous, _W. C. Redfield_, xxviii, 311. ---- ---- ----, ----, xxxiv, 83. ----, observations on the coast survey, xlix, 240. ----, remarks on, _D. Tomlinson_, xxxiv, 81. ----, rise and fall of, vanishes at a central space in the German Ocean, xlii, 158. ---- at Arbroath, remarkable, xlvi, 395. ----, of Mount's Bay, Cornwall, xlvi, 396. ---- observations made at Bristol and Leith, xlii, 150. ---- of London and Liverpool, xxxi, 333. ---- of Cape Cod, xxxiv, 393. ----, supposed, in the North American Lakes, remarks on, _H. Whiting_, xx, 205. ----, ----, ---- ----, _H. A. S. Dearborn_, xvi, 78.^f ----, ----, ---- ----, _D. Ruggles_, xlv, 18. ----, ----, in Lake Superior, _H. R. Schoolcraft_, xx, 213.

Tilgate forest, birds in the strata of, xxix, 362.

Timber, growth of, _A. C. Twining_, xxiv, 391. ----, seasoning of, xii, 163. ----, proper season for cutting, xxxiv, 169. ----, rotting of, in certain situations, xxxii, 380. ----, preserved by pyrolignite of iron, xl, 213.

Tin, purity of, xv, 178. ----, crystallization of, xvii, 206. ----, crystallized from solution, _W. W. Mather_, xxvii, 254. ----, action of metallic, on solutions of muriate of, _A. A. Hayes_, xxxviii, 408. ----, method of separating from antimony, xxvii, 197. ----, alloy of, with bismuth and lead, xxi, 371, 375. ----, ----, with antimony, the action of muriatic and nitric acids on, xlix, 206. ---- ore at Goshen, Mass., xvi, 188; xxii, 62. ---- ----, in New Hampshire, _C. T. Jackson_, xliii, 168; xlix, 34. ---- ----, in Virginia, xliii, 168.

Tinned lead pipes, xxvi, 210, 400.

Tioga coal, xiii, 32, 381.

Titaniferous iron ore, near Baltimore, _T. G. Clemson_, xvii, 42. ---- ---- ----, _P. Berliner_, xxiv, 375.

Titanium, metallic, vii, 192. ----, volatility of, _Zinken_, xxviii, 136. ----, crystals of, in the furnaces of Baden, xii, 189. ---- in scoria, _Wollaston's_ mode of detecting, xix, 188. ---- in rocks, xxviii, 136. ---- ores, in Connecticut, iv, 55. ---- ----, in Greece, xxxi, 175. ---- ----, of Massachusetts, i, 116, 134; vi, 24. ---- ----, in Vermont, iv, 276; vi, 24. ---- ----, in Virginia, ii, 143. ---- ----, in S. Carolina, iii, 228.

Tithonometer, _J. W. Draper_, xlvi, 217.^f

Toad, poison of the common, xiv, 373. ----, living in rocks, _A. Eaton_, xv, 247. ----, in stone or wood, _W. Buckland_, xxiii, 272. ----, vitality of, in rocks, _W. A. Thompson_, xxv, 41. ----, in sandstone at Park Gardens, Coventry, xxix, 353.

Tobacco, chemical experiments on, _C. C. Conwell_, xvii, 369. ----, a remedy for arsenic, xxxi, 188. ----, E. Wright's lecture on the use of, alluded to, xxiv, 190.

Toby, Mount, geology of, vi, 8. ----, ----, Mass., scenery of, vii, 10.

_Tolefree, R._, the voice and its modifications, xxvi, 76.

Tom, Mount, Massachusetts, rests on sandstone, i, 109. ----, ----, height of, and geological structure, vi, 45. ----, ----, scenery of, vii, 9.

Tomatos, acid in, xvii, 115.

Tombacite, xlii, 387.

_Tomlinson, D._, on the tides, xxxiv, 81. ----, on preserving animal fat for soap making, xxxvii, 194.

Tongueless dog, retaining the power to bark, xxxvi, 194.

Tonsil, concretion from, vi, 165.

Topaz, powder of, used as emery, xxxiv, 381. ----, distribution of coloring matter in crystals, and optical properties of, _D. Brewster_, vii, 364. ---- in Ireland, xxix, 374. ---- of Huntington, Ct., x, 352; xi, 192; xii, 158^f; xiv, 229. ---- in Connecticut, at Middletown, _C. U. Shepard_, xxxiv, 324. ---- in the While Mountains, xx, 410. ---- ----, analysis of, x, 352.

Tornado, see under _Wind_.

Toronto picture gallery, xxvii, 178.

Torpedo, experiments on, _Dr. Davy_, xxv, 187. ----, electricity of, xxxii, 198. ----, new species of, _D. H. Storer_, xliv, 213; xlv, 165.^f

Torpedoes of fulminating silver, i, 169.

Torrelite, _J. Renwick_, viii, 192. ---- of Thomson identical with Columbite, _J. D. Dana_, xxxii, 149.^f

_Torrey, John_, on the condensation of carbonic, sulphurous and chloro-chromic acid gases, xxxv, 374; xxxvi, 394.^f ----, on staurotide, i, 435. ----, on siderographite, ii, 176. ----, on an ore of zinc at Ancram, N. Y., v, 235. ----, notice of plants collected by D. B. Douglass, around the Great Lakes and the head waters of the Mississippi, iv, 56. ----, number of indigenous plants of New York state, xl, 77. ----, description of the Usnea acharius, vi, 104.^f ----, Flora, of the Northern and Middle States, notice of, vii, 178; viii, 192; xii, 179. ----, on West Point minerals, ix, 402. ----, and _A. Gray_, Flora of North America of, noticed, xxxv, 180; xxxix, 198; xli, 275; xliv, 420.

_Torrey, Joseph_, proposed reform of orthography, xxxix, 197.

Tortoise, fossil, xvii, 290. ----, a new freshwater, _R. Harlan_, xxxi, 382.^f

_Totten, J. G._, descriptions of some shells of the coast of New England, xxvi, 366^f; xxviii, 347.^f

Touchwood, xxi, 163.

Tourmaline, electricity of, xvi, 390; xviii, 301. ----, to detect boracic acid in, vi, 157. ----, analysis of, xiv, 384. ----, analyses of varieties of, xv, 389. ---- in Canada, viii, 61. ---- in Connecticut, i, 353; ii, 142, 205, 239, 240; vi, 220, 246; x, 206; xiv, 229; xviii, 361. ---- in Delaware, xiv, 11. ---- in Maine, x, 15; xviii, 293, 299.^f ---- in Maryland, v, 256; xiv, 12; xviii, 78.

---- in Massachusetts, i, 114, 343, 346; iv, 55; vii, 55; viii, 42, 233; ix, 42; x, 18, 214; xii, 259; xiv, 215, 219. ---- in New Hampshire, xxxiv, 107, 204. ---- in New Jersey, ix, 245. ---- in New York, i, 237; ii, 366; iv, 37; xix, 223, 225, 227; xxv, 349. ---- in North Carolina, v, 263. ---- in Pennsylvania, ix, 45; x, 221, 222; xiv, 5, 8, 12, 14. ---- in Rhode Island, ix, 46. ---- in Vermont, i, 114; iii, 76; v, 271. ---- in Virginia, v, 263. ---- of Chesterfield, for sale, xiv, 400.

Tower of Babel, ruins of, xxxvii, 352.

_Town, Ithiel_, new mode of bridge-building, iii, 158.^f

Town's bridges, xxxviii, 276.^f

_Townsend, J. K._, on the ornithology of the United States, xxxvi, 201.

_Townsend, P. S._, titles of memoirs read before the New York Lyceum, ii, 339, 371.

Toxodon of Patagonia, _R. Owen_, xxxiii, 208; xxxv, 196.

Trachyte, varieties of, xiii, 249; xv, 32. ---- at the Azores, iv, 259.

Tracks, see _Footprints_.

Tract Society of Paris, v, 383.

_Tracy, C._, on the rotary action of storms, xiv, 65.^f ----, on the oil of Indian corn, xliii, 403.

Trade, statistics of, between Great Britain and the United States, xxxiii, 277. ---- winds, remarks on, _W. C. Redfield_, xxv, 124; xxxiii, 61.

_Traill, T. S._, Russian vapor bath, xxiii, 295. ----, on the preservation of animals, xv, 167.

Transactions, notice of, see _Society_.

Transit of Mercury, May, 1845, _D. Olmsted_, xlix, 142.

Transition epoch, nature of organic life during, xxxvi, 12. ----, fossils characteristic of, _T. A. Conrad_, xxxv, 246. ---- rocks of the Cataraqui, xviii, 85; xx, 74^f; xxiv, 97^f; xxx, 233.^f

Transpiration of half the body, xxxix, 400.

Transplanting of trees, xxii, 383.

Transylvania, volcanic character of, xiii, 251.

Trap formation of Antigua, _S. Hovey_, xxxv, 76. ---- of New England and New Jersey, volcanic origin of, _T. Cooper_, iv, 239. ---- ----, igneous origin of, _B. Silliman_, xvii, 119. ---- of New Jersey, connection with the sandstone, v, 240. ----, peculiar porous character of, v, 240. ----, and minerals of, in Nova Scotia, by _Jackson_ and _Alger_, xiv, 305; xv, 132^f, 204. ---- of the Copper Mountains, northern America, xvii, 8. ---- dikes, crescent form of, first observed by _J. G. Percival_, xlvi, 205. ---- ----, ---- ----, remarks on, xlv, 334. ---- ---- of Maine, of four different ages, _C. T. Jackson_, xxxvi, 145. ---- ---- in Vermont, at Montgomery, xxii, 189. ---- ---- in gneiss and granite, in New Hampshire, _O. P. Hubbard_, xxxiv, 105.^f ---- ---- in the Connecticut valley, vi, 46, 47. ---- ---- in Connecticut, xxvii, 104.^f ---- ---- ----, _B. Silliman, Jr._, xlvii, 107. ---- ---- ----, junction of, with sandstone, _A. B. Chapin_, xxvii, 104. ---- ---- ----, ibid, _B. Silliman_, xvii, 123.^f ---- ---- in Massachusetts, at Lowell, Nahant, &c., xxvii, 342. ---- ---- in New York, Essex Co., connection of, with iron ores, _E. Emmons_, xl, 81. ---- ----, ----, ----, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxiii, 316. ---- ---- in Michigan, _D. Houghton_, xli, 184. ---- ---- (natural walls) in North Carolina, _J. Beckwith_, v, 1. ---- ----, ---- ibid, xiv, 242. ---- ---- in Pennsylvania, _H. D. Rogers_, xli, 173. ---- ----, a hundred and twenty miles long, in England, xxxviii, 127. ---- ---- render limestone magnesian, xxix, 351. ----, and rocks altered by, xx, 170. ---- minerals, origin of, _J. D. Dana_, xlix, 49. ---- ---- of New Jersey and New York, xliv, 54.^f ---- ---- of Nova Scotia, xiv, 305; xv, 132, 204. ---- tufa of the Connecticut river valley, _E. Hitchcock_, viii, 245; xlvii, 103.

Trap, optical, for catching animals, v, 200.

Trapezium paddle-wheels, xlii, 336.

Traveller's Society, v, 175.

Travels, _Stevens's_, in Egypt, Arabia, &c., noticed, xxxii, 398.

_Travelli, J. S._, meteorological register kept at Singapore, Nov. 1839 to Feb. 1841, xliv, 151.

Travelling with dog-sleds in the northwest, xiii, 391.^f

Travertine, deposit of, xxxiv, 152.

Tree from which water drops in great quantities, xv, 170. ----, fossil, see _Fossil_.

Trees, beach, interlocking of, xxxii, 379. ----, fruit, propagation of, xxvii, 288. ----, a new method of grafting, ii, 358. ----, method of transplanting, xxii, 383. ----, items on the growth of, xiii, 193. ----, longevity of, xxii, 379. ----, ---- of yew, xxix, 353; xxxi, 358. ----, dug up from a depth of forty feet, in Ohio, xvii, 398. ----, protected from hares, by means of fat, xxi, 159. ----, how protected from insects, x, 204.

_Trego, C. B._, on the coal of Savage Mountain, xli, 186.

Tremolite in Canada, viii, 69. ---- in Connecticut, i, 354; ii, 206, 238; v, 36; vi, 225; viii, 258. ---- in Delaware, x, 224. ---- in Massachusetts, i, 114; ii, 236, 237; vi, 248; vii, 53; viii, 46. ---- in New Hampshire, ii, 241. ---- in New Jersey, v, 30. ---- in New York, vii, 57; ix, 40; xix, 227; xxv, 347. ---- in Pennsylvania, viii, 239; x, 222; xiv, 7, 8, 13. ---- in Rhode Island, iv, 284, 285; viii, 226; x, 10. ---- in Vermont, iii, 76.

_Trevelyan, W. C._, on the temple of Pæstum, xxxvii, 366.

_Treviranus, L. C._, Physiology of Plants, noticed, xxxix, 181.

Triangles, expression of the sides of right-angled, by integral numbers, _D. Wilkie_, xxiv, 68.

Triarthrus, see _Trilobites_.

Trigonometer, Bolles's, ix, 401.^f

Trilobites, remarks on, _A. Eaton_, xxii, 165. ----, notice of _J. Green's_ monograph on, xxiii, 395. ----, some new, _J. Green_, xxv, 334. ----, structure of, &c., _J. Green_, xxiii, 396; xxxvii, 25; xxxviii, 410. ----, genus Paradoxides of Brongniart, and on the genus Triarthrus, _J. Green_, xxxiii, 341. ----, Calymene Rowii, _J. Green_, xxxiii, 406. ----, Calymene Bufo, _J. Green_, xxxvii, 32; xxxviii, 410. ----, Asaphus polypleurus, _J. Green_, xxxiv, 360. ----, ---- diurus, _J. Green_, xxxvii, 40. ----, Calymene Bucklandii, _J. G. Anthony_, xxxvi, 106.^f ----, Ceratocephala ceralepta, _J. G. Anthony_, xxxiv, 379.^f ----, Ceratocephala goniata, _J. A. Warder_, xxxiv, 377.^f ----, Paradoxides, _J. Hall_, xxxiii, 139.^f ----, Calymene senaria, _T. A. Conrad_, xlii, 230. ----, Ceraurus crosotus, _J. Locke_, xliv, 346^f; xlv, 222.^f ----, Isotelus megistos, _J. Locke_, xlii, 366.^f ----, in Canada, _J. J. Bigsby_, viii, 83. ----, in Kentucky, _J. Walter_, xxxiv, 380. ----, in Ohio, xxxi, 72.^f ----, in New York, xlvii, 363^f, 368^f, 370^f; xlviii, 307^f, 309^f, 311.^f ----, from Staffordshire, xxiii, 203.^f ----, supposed recent, from the New South Shetlands, xxvii, 395.

_Trimmer, J._, on marine shells in the Cefn cave, xxxv, 306. ----, Practical Geology and Mineralogy of, noticed, xliii, 191.

Triphyline, a new mineral, xxviii, 394.

Trisection, curves of, iv, 343.^f

Troglodytes niger, xlvii, 411.

_Troost, G._, amber at Cape Sable, Maryland, iii, 8. ----, minerals of Missouri, xii, 376, 378, 379. ----, some remarks on the coal regions of Tennessee, xxx, 391. ----, Third Report on Tennessee, noticed, xxx, 391. ----, Fourth Report on Tennessee, notice of, xxxiv, 187. ----, Fifth Report, xli, 385. ----, analysis of a meteorite from Tennessee, xxxviii, 250. ----, meteoric iron from Tennessee and Alabama, xlix, 336.^f ----, shower of red matter in Tennessee, xli, 403.

Tropical rains, iv, 375.

Troy Lyceum, ii, 173.

Trumbull, J., Sen., Governor of Connecticut, sketch of, xxxix, 246.

Trumbull, Col. John, notice of, xxxix, 213. ----, historical paintings of, xvi, 163. ----, painting of the Declaration of Independence, i, 200. ----, ---- ibid, notice of, viii, 168. ----, decease of, xlvi, 216.

Trumbull Gallery of Paintings, Yale College, account of, xxxix, 213.^f

Tubes, in sand, lightning, xx, 396. ----, see farther, _Fulgurites_. ----, flexible, elastic, _T. Skidmore_, v, 153.

Tubular sandpipes in chalk, _C. Lyell_, xxxviii, 122.

Tuckahoe or Indian bread, ii, 369.

_Tuckerman, E._, on the Geaster quadrifidus, xxxvi, 380. ----, on the Lichens of New England, xxxvii, 394. ----, observations on some plants of New England, xlv, 27. ----, Enumeratio Methodica Caricum, &c., noticed, xlv, 216.

Tufa, calcareous, in New York state, iii, 236; xv, 247; xviii, 354 (Chitteningo); xxviii, 176; xxxiii, 405. ----, ----, in Indiana, _J. T. Plummer_, xliv, 307. ----, trap, in Massachusetts, _E. Hitchcock_, vi, 61; viii, 245; xlvii, 103.

Tufaceous deposit in India, called Kunker, _Newbold_, xlix, 398. ---- deposits, New York, xxxvi, 11.

Tullia pycnanthemoides, xx, 343.^f

_Tully, Wm._, on the Ergot of rye, ii, 45. ----, on two sorts of Datura in the United States, vi, 254. ----, on narcotine and sulphate of morphine, xxi, 39.

Tumuli, Indian, see _Mounds_.

Tungstate of lime, or calcareous oxide of tungsten, of Connecticut, analysis of, _G. T. Bowen_, v, 118.

Tungsten ores of Connecticut, i, 312, 316, 405; v, 118; vi, 210. ----, yellow oxide of, iv, 52, 187.

_Tuomey, M._, Nautilus in the Eocene, Virginia, xliii, 187. ----, infusorial stratum at Petersburg, Va., xliv, 339.

Turbo, see ZOOLOGY, _Mollusca_.

_Turner, E._, chemical examination of the fire-damp of the coal mines near Newcastle, xxxvii, 201. ----, on ores of manganese, xxi, 364. ----, obituary notice of, xxxii, 213. ----, Elements of Chemistry of, noticed, xx, 88. ----, ibid, seventh edition, xliv, 189.

Turner's Falls, Mass., vii, 13. ----, fossil footprints at, xlvi, 73.^f

Turnerite, xviii, 392.

Turpentine, purified spirits of, _S. Guthrie_, xxi, 93, 291. ----, Hare's method of purifying, xxxvii, 399. ----, used for destroying worms and insects, xxvii, 197.

_Turpin_, on the analogy of the red globules of the blood to Protococcus, xxxvi, 206. ----, on the red color of agates, xxxvi, 207.

Turquois, vi, 382.

Turtle, stony concretions in the ovary of, xxvii, 163. ----, fossil, in the chalk of Kent, xli, 205.

_Turton, W._, notice of the works of, xxxvii, 161.

Tuscany, boracic acid of, xxviii, 143. ----, ---- ---- lagoons of, _J. Bowring_, xxxvii, 270.

_Tweedie, A._, Practical Medicine of, noticed, xxxix, 398.

Twilight bow, account of, _S. F. B. Morse_, xxxviii, 389.

Twin crystals, formation of, _J. D. Dana_, xxx, 275.^f ---- ---- of Columbite, _C. U. Shepard_, xvii, 358.^f

Twine, see _Cordage_.

_Twining, A. C._, method of resolving equations of the third and fourth degrees, ix, 86. ----, observations on meteors, xi, 184. ----, on the growth of timber, xxiv, 391. ----, on the position and height of some Auroral arches and streamers, xxxii, 217. ----, on the Aurora of September, 1839, xxxviii, 376. ----, supernumerary rainbows, xxxii, 227. ----, halos in January, 1835, xxxii, 229. ----, on the appearance, nature and cause of the meteors of November 13, 1833, in reply to D. Olmsted, xxvi, 320.^f ----, ibid, Nov. 1834, xxvii, 339. ----, suggestions on the solar eclipse of July, 1842, xlii, 395. ----, on the parallelogram of forces, xlvi, 324.^f

Twinkling of fixed stars, v, 156. ---- ---- ----, remarks on, _B. Hallowell_, xv, 360.

Tyfoons of the China Sea, xxxv, 209; xxxvi, 59. ---- at Balasore, xxxv, 220. ---- at Canton, xxxv, 217, 218. ---- at Manilla, xxxv, 220. ----, Raleigh's, xxxv, 210^f; xxxvi, 59. ----, method of escaping, xxxv, 216. ----, see farther under _Winds_.

_Tyler, J. W_., solar halo, seen at Cazenovia, N. Y., xxi, 189.

Tyrannula, see under _Zoology_.

Tyrian dye, xxxviii, 126.

_Tyson, P. T._, on the minerals of Baltimore and Harford Cos., Maryland, xviii, 78.

U.

Ulcers cured by chloride of lime, xiii, 179.

Ultramarine, artificial, xv, 392; xxii, 368; xxiv, 373; xxvii, 195; xxviii, 144.

_Unger_, on xanthic oxide in guano, xlix, 200, 391.

Unicorn, on the existence of, _J. F. Laterrade_, xxi, 123.

Unio, see under ZOOLOGY, _Mollusca_.

Unionidæ of the country of the Iguanodon, _G. A. Mantell_, xlvii, 402.^f

Unit, linear, proposed by Davy, xvii, 164.

United States, earliest census of, xxxiii, 278. ----, magnetic chart of, _E. Loomis_, xxxiv, 290; xxxix, 41. ----, plan for the survey of the coast, xvi, 225. ----, architecture in, xvii, 99, 249^f; xviii, 11, 212. ----, culture of silk in, xviii, 278. ----, statistics of iron in, xxii, 179. ----, Medical and Surgical Journal, noticed, xxvii, 180. ----, Naval Lyceum, xxvii, 390. ----, distribution of plants in, _S. Forry_, xlvii, 221. ----, amelioration of climate in, _D. Thomas_, xix, 361. ----, climate of, _S. Forry_, xlvii, 18^f, 221.

Universal terms, _Emma Willard_, xxiii, 18.

Universe, on the formation of, _I. Orr_, vi, 128.^f

University of the State of New York, Report of the Regents of, xxii, 415; xxv, 258^f; xxvii, 177; xxx, 389; xlix, 176. ----, see _Education_.

Upas, analysis of the juice of, xxxix, 206.

_Upham, C. W._, memoirs of J. Prince, xxxi, 201.^f

Ural, mines of, see under _Russia_.

Uranite, _R. Phillips_, vii, 380. ---- in Massachusetts, xxviii, 382. ---- at Chesterfield, Mass., _C. U. Shepard_, xlviii, 179. ---- of Chesterfield, _J. E. Teschemacher_, xlviii, 395.

Uranium, atomic weight of, xlvii, 189. ----, ore of, vii, 194.

_Ure, A._, Dictionary of Chemistry of, noticed, xx, 93. ----, on the composition of gunpowder, xx, 190. ----, analysis of guano, xlviii, 60.

Urea, on the preëxistence of, in uric acid, xli, 46. ---- and uric acid, _J. Liebig_, xxxiv, 40.

Urinary calculi, iv, 149; xvii, 190.

Urine, rosaic acid in, xvii, 385. ----, diabetic, detection of sugar in, xlix, 200.

_Usher, F. C._, on the elevation of the banks of the Mississippi in 1811, xxxi, 294.^f

Uvularia, used for poisoned wounds, xxxv, 270.