CAPUT VII.

Our author calls these, _Iters_ of his _Diaphragmata_, from their similitude to the animal midriff, passing through the body from side to side.

_Rhutupis colonia_, Sandwich, Richborough and Stonar castle, Kent, is the first city, says our author, in the island of Britain, towards Gaul; situate among the _Cantii_, opposite to _Gessoriagum_, the port of _Bononia_, Boloign. Hence is the most commodious passage of +CCCCL.+ _stadia_, or, as others will have it, +XLVI.+ miles.

From that city _Rhutupium_, says he, is drawn the Roman way called Guithlin-street, quite to _Segontium_, Caernarvon, through the space of +CCCXXIV.+ miles, or thereabouts. Thus,

To _Cantiopolis_, which is also called _Durobernum_, _stipendiaria_, Canterbury, Kent, +X.+ miles.

_Durosevum_ +XII.+ Sittingburn, Kent.

XXV.

_Duroprovis_, _stipendiaria_, Rochester, Kent.

Thence, at +XXVII.+ miles, it passes the Thames, and enters the province _Flavia_, and the city of _Londinium Augusta_, London. Thence

IX.

To _Sulloniagis_, _Suellaniacis_, Edgeware, Middlesex.

XII.

_Verolamium_, _municipium_, Verlamcester, or St. Alban’s. Of this place were Amphibalus and Albanus, martyrs.

XII.

_Forum Dianæ_, Market street, near Dunstable, Hertfordshire.

XII.

_Magiovinium_, Dunstable, Bedfordshire.

XII.

_Lactorodum_, Stoney Stratford, Bucks.

XII.

_Isannavaria_, _Isantavaria_, Towcester, Northamptonshire.

XII.

_Tripontium_, Dowbridge, Stanford, Northamptonshire.

IX.

_Benonis_, Highcross, Cleycester, between Warwickshire and Leicestershire. Here the road is divided: the one branch, the Foss, goes to Lincoln; the other to _Viriconium_, Wroxeter, from _Tripontium_.

XII.

To _Manduessedum_, Mancester, near Atherston, Warwickshire.

XIII.

_Etocetum_ Wall, by Litchfield, Chesterfield wall, Staffordshire.

XII.

_Pennocrucium_, by Penkridge, Staffordshire.

XII.

_Uxoconium_, Okenyate, Shropshire.

XI.

_Virioconium_, Wroxcester, Salop.

XXVI.

_Banchorium_, _Bonium_, Banchor, Flintshire.

X.

_Deva colonia_, _leg. vices. victrix Cretica_, Westchester; the border of _Flavia_ and _Secunda_ provinces.

XXX.

_Varis_, Bodvary by Denbigh on r. Clwyd.

XX.

_Conovium_, Aberconway, Carnarvonshire.

XXIV.

_Seguntium_, _stipendiaria_, Caernarvon.

Were I to recite all I have written upon this work, by way of comment, it would amount to a large volume; yet some few remarks I must make.

* * * * *

What all others call _Durolenum_ our author names _Durosevum_, which I affix to Sittingburn, favouring this reading: the distance conformable.

_Sulloniacis_, or rather _Suellaniacis_, has its name from _Suellan_, or _Cassibelin_, who fought Cæsar. I place it at Edgware, which has its name from the _agger_, or high raised Roman way, Watling-street. Here was Cassibelin’s usual residence: his _oppidum_, or military town, which Cæsar stormed, was at Watford.

_Forum Dianæ_, a new name, was crouded into the roll of the original Itinerary, where the intermediate distance, +XII.+ miles, between St. Alban’s and Dunstable, remained unaltered: therefore the transcriber repeated the same distance erroneously.

I doubt not, the place is what we now call Market-street, a little on this side Dunstable, upon the great road Watling-street. Here was a fane, and _forum_, or portico, sacred to Diana; where a panegyre, or fair, as we call it, was annually celebrated, to the honour of the goddess, by the lovers of hunting, on the great festival sacred to her, when stags were sacrificed: this was upon August 13, the hunters’ day, in the Roman kalendar.

I have no need to be ashamed in acknowledging an error incurred in my juvenile travels, when we knew nothing of this work of our author’s; for now I apprehend _Durocobrivis_ is another name of a town near this place: the modern name of _Redburn_ proves it, which means the same as _Durocobrivis_, the passage over the _Redwater_ brook.

_Rotten row_, _Rowend_, _Flamsted_ by _Forum Dianæ_, names importing high antiquity: _Rotten row_, just by _Bremenium_, Ruchester; again at Dorchester, Oxfordshire: they relate to panegyres, or fairs.

_Manduessedum_, Mancester, on each side the Watling-street, was walled about.

The _vestigia_ of _Benonis_ are at Claybrook.

Thus we have the whole length of the Watling-street, from Dover to Caernarvon.

ITER II.

_A Segontio_, Caernarvon, _Virioconium_, Wroxcester, _usque_ +LXXIII.+ miles, thus.

_Segontium_, _stipendiaria_, Caernarvon, Carnarvonshire.

XXV.

_Herirus mons_, Raranvaur hill by Bala, Merionethshire, by Pimblemere.

XXV.

_Mediolanum_, Myvod, on Merway r. Montgomeryshire.

XII.

_Rutunium_, Rowton castle; Stanford, Watlesborough, west of Shrewsbury.

XI.

_Virioconium_, Wroxcester on the Severn, below Shrewsbury, under Wrekin hill.

Caernarvon stands on the river Seint, _Seient_, _Segont_, said to have been built by Constantine the Great. Nennius gives it the name _Kaer Kustenidh_, for that reason: he probably made the _Via Heleniana_, in honour of his mother, called _Sarn Helen_.

_Herirus mons_ has its name from the eagles inhabiting the place, Celtic.

ITER III.

From _Londinium_, London, to _Lindum colonia_. Lincoln, thus, _Londinium Aug._ London.

XII.

_Durositum_, Romford, Essex.

XVI.

_Cæsaromagus_, Chelmsford, Essex.

XV.

_Canonium_, Kelvedon, Essex.

IX.

_Camulodunum colonia_, _leg. gem. Mart. Victrix_, Colchester, Essex.

VI.

_Ad Sturium amnem_, _ad Ansam_, Stretford street, Suffolk.

XV.

_Combretonium_, Bretenham, Stow, Combe, Suffolk.

XXII.

_Sitomagus_, Thetford, Norfolk.

XXIII.

_Venta Cenomanorum_, _stipendiaria_, Caster by Norwich, Norfolk.

XXVII.

_Icianis_, Ixworth, Suffolk.

XX.

_Camboritum_, _colonia_, Chesterford, Cambridgeshire.

XX.

_Durosiponte_, Godmanchester, Huntingdonshire.

XX.

_Durnomagus_, _Latio jure donatus_, Dormancester, Caster by Peterborough, Northamptonshire.

XX.

_Causennis_, _Corisennis_, Stanfield by Bourn, Lincolnshire.

XX.

_Lindum colonia_, Lincoln.

Iter VI. of Antoninus, a _Londinio Lindum_, goes quite a different way from this; the one to the right, the other to the left of the straitest way, the Hermen-street. Instead of our _Durnomagus_ on the northern, he mentions _Durobrivis_, Chesterton, on the southern bank of the river Nen, a walled city: a bridge over the river, built since the time of our Itinerary. And also

From _Camboritum_ to _Durosiponte_, in this _Iter_ of ours, and Vth of Antoninus, I collect, the Roman city of Cambridge, _Granta_, was not then in being.

I suppose, it was founded by Carausius, when he carried the Carsdike from Peterborough to Cambridge, and made the road over Gogmagog hill from _Durosiponte_, Godmanchester, to _Camulodunum colonia_, Colchester; for all these Itineraries were made before Carausius’s time.

ITER IV.

From _Lindum_, Lincoln, to the _Vallum_, the Roman wall, thus. _Lindum colonia_, Lincoln.

XIV.

_Argolicum_, Littleborough on Trent, Nottinghamshire.

XX.

_Danum_, Doncaster, Yorkshire, you enter _Maxima Cæsariensis_.

XVI.

_Legolium_, Castreford, Yorkshire.

XXI.

_Eboracum municipium_, formerly _colonia_, _leg._ +VI.+ _victrix_, York.

XVI.

_Isurium_, Aldborough by Boroughbridge, Yorkshire.

XXIV.

_Cataractonium_, _Latio jure donat._ Cateric, Yorkshire.

X.

_Ad Tisam amnem_, Piersbridge, Durham county.

XII.

_Vinovium_, Binchester, Durham county.

XIX.

_Epiacum_, Chester in the street, Durham county.

IX.

_Ad Murum_, Newcastle, Northumberland.

XXV.

_Ad Alaunam_, _flu._ Alnwick, Northumberland.

XXX.

_Ad Tuedam_, _flu._ Berwick, Scotland.

LXX.

_Ad Vallum_, Falkirk, Scotland.

ITER V.

From the _Vallum_, Falkirk, to _Prætuarium_, Patrinton. _Vallum_, _Antonini_, Falkirk, Scotland.

* * * * *

_Corium_, on the Watling-street, Romanhow, Korstonlaw.

* * * * *

_Ad Tines_, Rochester on the river Tyne in Redesdale.

* * * * *

_Bremenium_, _stipendiaria_, Ruchester, upon Watling street.

XX.

_Corstoplium_, Corbridge, Northumberland.

IX.

_Vindomora_, Ebchester upon Dervent river, Durham county.

XIX.

_Vinovium_, Binchester, Durham county.

XXII.

_Cataractonium_, _Latio jure donatum_, Cateric, Yorkshire.

XL.

_Eboracum_, _leg._ +VI.+ _Victrix_, York.

VII.

_Derventio_, Stanford bridge, Yorkshire.

XIII.

_Delgovicia_, Wighton, Yorkshire.

XXV.

_Prætuarium_, Patrinton, Yorkshire.

ITER VI.

From _Eboracum_, York, to _Deva_, Chester.

_Eboracum_, _municipium_, formerly a colony of _legio_ VI. _victrix_, York.

IX.

_Calcaria_, Tadcaster, Yorkshire.

XXII.

_Cambodunum_, _Latio jure dotatum_, Alkmanbury, Yorkshire.

XVIII.

_Maucunium_, Mancastle by Manchester, Lancashire.

XVIII.

_Ad Fines_, between _Maxima_ and _Flavia_, Stretford on Mersey, Cheshire.

XVIII.

_Condate_, Northwich, Cheshire.

XVIII.

_Deva_, _colonia_, _legio Cretica_, _vicesima_, _Valeria_, _victrix_, West Chester.

ITER VII.

From the port of the _Sistuntii_, Lune river mouth, to _Eboracum_, York.

_Portus Sistuntiorum_, Lune river mouth, by Lancaster.

XXIII.

_Rerigonium_, Ribcester on the Rible, Lancashire.

VIII.

_Alpes Pennini_, Pendleton by Pendlehill, Lancashire.

X.

_Alicana_, Shipton in Craven, Yorkshire.

XIX.

_Isurium Brigantum_, _Brigantium_, Aldborough by Burrough bridge.

XVI.

_Eboracum_, _municipium_, formerly _colonia leg._ +VI.+ _victrix_.

This is the first _Iter_ of Antoninus, which is deficient in our three first stations; which are those between the two _Prætentura_’s, therefore at that time out of the possession of the Romans.

We learn hence, York was a colony city of the +VI+th legion, built by them in the time of Hadrian, who probably then made, or finished, the artificial canal called _Carsdike_, when he made the _vallum_.

ITER VIII.

From _Eboracum_, York, to _Lugubalia_, Carlisle.

_Eboracum_, formerly _colonia_, _legio_ +VI.+ _municipium_, York.

XL.

_Cataractum_, Cateric, Thornburgh, _Latio jure donata_.

XVIII.

_Lataris_, _Lavatris_, Bowes, Yorkshire.

XIII.

_Vataris_, _Verteris_, Brough on Stanmore, Westmorland.

XX.

_Brocovonacis_, _Brocavum_, _Brovonacis_, Whitley castle, Browham, Westmorland.

XIII.

_Voreda_, Castle Voran on the Wall, Cumberland.

XIII.

_Luguvalia_, Carlisle, _Latio jure donata_.

ITER IX.

From _Lugubalia_, Carlisle, to _Pterotone_, Inverness. _Luguvalia_, Carlisle, _Latio jure donata_.

* * * * *

_Trimantium_, Cannaby, by Longtown, Netherby, Langhoom castle.

* * * * *

_Gadanica_, _Colanica_, Colecester.

* * * * *

_Corium_, Corsford by Lanerk.

* * * * *

_Ad Vallum_, Falkirk.

XII.

_Alauna_, Sterling, on Alon river.

IX.

_Lindum_, Cromlin castle.

IX.

_Victoria_, Kinkel upon Erne r. _Latio jure donata_.

IX.

_Hierna_, Perth, on Terne river.

XIV.

_Orrea_, Dunkeld.

XIX.

_Ad Tavum_, Brumchester, on Tay frith.

XXIII.

_Ad Æsicam_, Brechin, on S. Esk river.

VIII.

_Ad Tinam_, Eshlie, on N. Esk.

XXIII.

_Devana_, Aberdeen.

XXIV.

_Ad Itunam_, Fyvie.

* * * * *

_Ad montem Grampium._

* * * * *

_Ad Selinam_, _Celnius fl._ on Devern river.

XIX.

_Tuæssis_, Rothes, on the Spay.

XXVII.

_Pterotone_, _Alata castra_, Inverness, _Latio jure donata_.

ITER X.

From the boundary _Pteroton_, Inverness, through the length of the island, to _Isca Dumnoniorum_, Exeter.

_Pteroton_, _Alata castra_, _Latio jure donata_, Inverness.

IX.

_Varis_, in Badenec on Findern river.

XVIII.

_Tuæssis_, Ruthvan on Spay.

XXIX.

_Tamea_, Castleton on Calder, in Aberdeenshire.

XX.

- - - Spittle, in Glenshire.

IX.

_In medio_, Strumnic on Eric river.

IX.

_Orrea_, Dunkeld.

XVIII.

_Victoria_, _Latio jure donata_, Kinkel.

XXXII.

_Ad Vallum Antonini_, Falkirk.

LXXX.

_Lugubalia_, _Latio jure donata_, Carlisle.

XXII.

_Brocavonacis_, Penrith, Browham.

* * * * *

_Ad Alaunam_, Lancaster.

LXVI.

_Coccium_, _Latio jure donata_, Bury and Cockley chapel, Lancashire.

XVIII.

_Mancunium_, Mancastle by Manchester.

XXIII.

_Condate_, Northwich, Cheshire.

XVIII.

_Mediolanum_, Chesterton by Newcastle, Staffordshire.

* * * * *

_Etocetum_, Wall by Litchfield.

* * * * *

_Bremenium_, Birmingham, Warwickshire.

* * * * *

_Salinis_, Droitwich, Worcestershire.

* * * * *

_Branogenium_, Worcester.

* * * * *

_Glebum colonia_, _legio_ +VII.+ _Aug. Claudia_, Gloucester.

XIV.

_Corinium Dobunorum_, _Latio jure donata_, Cirencester.

* * * * *

_Aqua Solis_, _colonia_, _Thermæ_, Bath.

XVIII.

_Ad Aquas_, Wells, Somersetshire.

* * * * *

_Ad Uxellam amnem_, Balsborough, Lydford, Barton on the Foss, Somersetshire.

* * * * *

* * * * *

h_Isca Dumnoniorum_, _stipendiaria_, Exeter.

This Xth _Iter_ is the only remaining monument of the Roman power in Scotland. I shall no further attempt an assignment of the present names, than I am led to them by our map; but leave them to be determined more precisely, by those who have an opportunity of inquiring on the spot.

ITER XI.

From _Aquæ Solis_, Bath, by the Julian street, to _Menapia_, St. David’s.

_Aquæ Solis_, _Thermæ_, _colonia_, Bath.

VI.

_Ad Alone_, Olland near Kainsham, Gloucestershire.

VI.

_Ad Sabrinam_, Aust upon Severn, Gloucestershire.

III.

_Statio Trajectus_, Tydenham or Chepstow, Gloucestershire.

IX.

_Venta Silurum_, _stipendiaria_, Caer Went, Monmouthshire.

IX.

_Isca Silurum_, _colonia_, _leg._ +VI.+ _Aug._ Caerleon, Monmouthshire.

VII.

_Tibia amnis_, Caerdiff, Glamorganshire.

XX.

_Bovium_, Cowbridge, Glamorganshire.

XV.

_Nidum_, Neath, Glamorganshire.

XV.

_Leucarium_, Loghor, Glamorganshire.

XX.

_Ad vigesimum lapidem_, Narbath castle, on Clethy river, Pembrokeshire.

XIX.

_Menapia_, St. David’s.

ITER XII.

From _Aquæ Solis_, Bath, to _Londinium_, London.

_Aquæ Solis_, _colonia_, _Thermæ_, Bath.

XV.

_Verlucio_, Lacock on the Avon, Wiltshire.

XX.

_Cunedio_, Marlborough.

XV.

_Spinis_, Spene, Berkshire.

XV.

_Calleba Atrebatum_, Wallingford, Berkshire.

XX.

_Bibracte_, Madanhead, Bray, Braywick, Sutton Bray, Berkshire.

XX.

_Londinium Aug. municipium_, London.

ITER XIII.

From _Isca Silurum_, Caerleon, to _Urioconium_, Wroxeter.

_Isca Silurum_, _legio_ +II.+ _Aug._ Caerleon, Monmouthshire.

IX.

_Bultrum_, _Burrium_, _Bullium_, Usk in Monmouthshire.

XII.

_Gobannium_, Abergavenny.

XXIII.

_Magna_, Old Radnor.

XXIII.

_Branogenium_, Worcester.

XXVIII.

_Uriconium_, _Viroconium_, Wroxeter near Wrekin, Shropshire.

ITER XIV.

From _Isca_, Caerleon, by _Glevum_, Gloucester, to _Lindum_, Lincoln.

_Isca Silurum_, _leg._ +II.+ _Aug._ Caerleon, Monmouthshire.

VIII.

_Bullium_, _Burrium_, Usk in Monmouthshire.

XII.

_Blestium_, the Old town, Herefordshire.

XI.

_Ariconium_, Kenchester, by Hereford.

XV.

_Glevum_, _colonia_, _leg._ +VII.+ _Aug. Claudia_, Gloucester.

XV.

_Ad Antonam_, _flu._ Evesham, Worcestershire.

XV.

_Alauna_, Alcester, Worcestershire.

* * * * *

_Præsidium_, Warwick.

* * * * *

XII.

_Vennonis_, Cleycester, by Highcross, Leicestershire.

XII.

_Ratæ Coritanorum_, _stipendiaria_, Leicester.

XII.

_Vennomentum_, Ratcliff and Cosinton, on Soar river, Leicestershire.

XII.

_Margidunum_, Wilughby, Nottinghamshire.

XII.

_Ad Pontem_, Bridgford, Nottinghamshire.

VII.

_Crococolana_, Colingham, Nottinghamshire.

XII.

_Lindum_, _colonia_, Lincoln.

_Vernometum_ is _sacra planities_. A vast long _tumulus_ here of an Arch-druid. _Coes_ is a priest; whence _Cosington_. _Radcliff_ is the course of the annual games, to his memory.

ITER XV.

From _Londinium_, London, by _Clausentum_, Southampton, to _Londinium_ again.

_Londinium_, London.

XLIV.

_Calleba Atrebatum_, Wallingford, Berks.

XV.

_Vindonum_, _stipendiaria_, Silchester, Hampshire.

XXI.

_Venta Belgarum_, _stipendiaria_, Winchester.

VI.

_Ad lapidem_, Mansbridge, Stoneham, Hants.

IV.

_Clausentum_, Southampton.

X.

_Portus Magnus_, Portchester.

X.

_Regnum_, Chichester.

X.

_Ad decimum lapidem_, Arundel, Sussex.

X.

_Anderida portus_, Newhaven, Sussex.

XXV.

_Ad Lemanum_, _fl._ Old Romney, Kent.

X.

_Lemanus portus_, Lymne, Kent.

X.

_Dubris_, Dover.

X.

_Rhutupium_, _colonia_, Richborough, Sandwich.

X.

_Regulbium_, Reculver.

X.

_Cantiopolis_, _stipendiaria_, Canterbury.

_Durolevum_, Sittingburn, Kent.

XII.

_Madum_, Maidston.

XVIII.

_Vagniaca_, Sevenoak.

XVIII.

_Noviomagus_, Croydon.

XV.

_Londinium Aug._ London.

We here correct Antoninus in the distance between London and _Noviomagus_ +XV.+ whereas in the other it is but +X.+ Newington is a remnant of _Novantes_ on both sides the Thames: they first fixed at London, called _Trenovantum_, being fortified by them.

ITER XVI.

From _Londinium_, London, to _Cenia_, Tregeny, Cornwall.

_Londinium Aug._ London.

XC.

_Venta Belgarum_, _stipendiaria_, Winchester.

XI.

_Brige_, Broughton, Hampshire.

VIII.

_Sorbiodunum_, _Latio jure donata_, Old Sarum.

XII.

_Ventageladia_, _Vindocladia_, Wimburn minster, Dorset.

IX.

_Durnovaria_, Dorchester, Dorsetshire.

XXXIII.

_Muridunum_, _Moridunum_, _stipendiaria_, Seaton, Devonshire.

XV.

_Isca Dumnoniorum_, _stipendiaria_, Exeter.

* * * * *

* * * * *

_Ad Durium amnem_, _Ashburton_, Devonshire.

* * * * *

* * * * *

_Tamara_, by Saltash, Devonshire.

* * * * *

* * * * *

_Voluba_, Fowey, Cornwall.

* * * * *

* * * * *

_Cenia_, Tregeny, Cornwall.

ITER XVII.

From _Anderida_, Newhaven, to _Eboracum_, York.

_Anderida_, Newhaven, Sussex.

* * * * *

_Noviomagus_, Croydon.

XV.

_Londinium Augusta_, London.

XXX.

_Ad Fines Trinobantes inter et Cenomanos_, Roiston, Hertfordshire.

* * * * *

_Durolisponte_, _Duroliponte_, _Durosiponte_, Godmanchester.

XXX.

_Durnomagus_, _Latio jure donata_, Caster by Peterborough.

XXX.

_Corisennis_, Stow green, Stanfield, Lincolnshire.

XXX.

_Lindum_, _colonia_, Lincoln.

XV.

_In Medium_, Kirkton in Lindsey, Lincolnshire.

XV.

_Ad Abum_, Wintringham, Lincolnshire.

VI.

_Pecuaria_, Brough, Yorkshire.

XLVI.

_Eboracum_, York.

ITER XVIII.

From _Eboracum_, _York_, through the middle of the island, to _Clausentum_, Southampton.

_Eboracum_, York.

XXI.

_Legeolium_, _Legiolium_, Castleford upon Calder, Yorkshire.

XVIII.

_Ad fines_, _Brigantes inter et Coritanos_, Gravesborough by Rotherham, Yorkshire.

X.

. . . Chesterfield, Derbyshire.

X.

. . . Alfreton, Derbyshire.

XVI.

_Derventione_, Little Chester by Derby.

XII.

_Ad Trivonam_, Egginton upon Trent, Burton, Staffordshire.

XII.

_Etocetum_, Walls by Litchfield.

XVI.

_Mansuedum_, _Manduessedum_, Manceter, by Atherston, Warwickshire.

XII.

_Benonis_, Cleycester by Highcross, Northamptonshire.

XI.

_Tripontium_, Showel near Lutterworth, Leicestershire.

XII.

_Isannaria_, Towcester, Northamptonshire.

XII.

_Brinavis_, Banbury, Oxfordshire.

XVI.

_Æli a castra_, Aldcester by Biceter, Oxfordshire.

XV.

_Durocina_, Dorchester, _Episcopi_, _Durinum_, _stipendiaria_, Oxfordshire.

VI.

_Tamese_, Stretley on Thames, by Goreing, Berks.

XV.

_Vindonum_, _stipendiaria_, Silchester, Hants.

XLVI.

_Clausentum_, Southampton.

* * * * *

Thus we have finished this famous Itinerary, much more large than that of Antoninus, contains many names of places not comprised therein, and ascertains much more of the geography of Roman Britain, of England, and Scotland: it is useful to recite an alphabetical index of it, marking those places with an asterisc, not mentioned by former writers, or not rightly assigned to the modern names and places; and still leaving many to the diligence and _acumen_ of future writers.

* _Ad Alaunam_, _flu._ Alnwic. * _Ad Alaunam_, Lancaster, _Alone_. * _Ad Aquas_, Wells. * _Ad Alone_, _Abone_, on Frome r. * _Ad Antonam_, Evesham. * _Ad Abum_, Wintringham. * _Ad Æsicam._ * _Ad Decimum._ * _Ad Durium amnem._ * _Ad Fines_, between _Maxima_ and _Flavia_, Stretford on Mersey. * _Ad Fines Trinobantes inter et Cenomanos_, Roiston. * _Ad Fines, Brigantes inter et Coritanos_, Gravesborough by Rotheram. * _Ad Itunam._ * _Ad Lapidem_, Stoneham. * _Ad Lemanum_, _flu._ Old Romney. * _Ad Murum_, Newcastle. * _Ad Montem Grampium._ _Ad Pontem_, Bridgford. * _Ad Sturium_, Stretford street. * _Ad Selinam._ * _Ad Sabrinam_, Awst. * _Ad Tisam_, Peirsebridge, Yorkshire. * _Ad Tuedam_, _flu._ Berwick. * _Ad Trivonam_, Burton on Trent. * _Ad Tines_, Rochester on r. Tyne, Redesdale. * _Ad Tavum._ * _Ad Tinam._ * _Ad Uxellam amnem._ * _Ad Vigesimum_, Narbath C. * _Ad Vallum Antonini_, Falkirk. * _Ælia Castra_, Alcester by Biceter. _Agelocum_, Littleburgh on Trent. * _Alauna_, Alcester. * _Alata castra_, _Pteroton_, Inverness. * _Alpes Pennini_, Pendleton. * _Alicana_, Shipton by Craven. _Alauna_, Sterling. * _Anderida Portus_, Newhaven. _Ariconium_, Kenchester. _Aquæ Solis_, _Thermæ_, _colonia_, Bath.

_Banchorium_, _Bonium_, Banchor. _Benonis_, High cross, Clebroke. * _Bibracte_, Madanhead and Bray. _Blestium_, _Blescium_, Old castle on Escel r. _Bovium_, Boverton. _Branogenium_, Worcester. * _Bremenium_, _Bromicham_, Mr. Baxter had knowledge of this town. _Bremenium_, _stipendiaria_, Ruchester. _Brige_, _Braga_, Broughton. _Brinavis_, _Branavis_, Banbury. _Brocavonacis_, _Brovonacis_, Browham. _Bullium_, _Burrium_, _Bultrum_, Caerphylli C.

* _Cæsaromagus_, Chelmsford. _Calcaria_, Tadcaster _Calleva Atrebatum_, Wallingford. _Cambodunum_, _Latio jure donata_, Alkmundbury. _Camboritum_, _colonia_, Chesterford. * _Canonium_, Kelvedon. * _Cantiopolis_, _Durobernum_, _stipendiaria_, Canterbury. _Cataractonium_, Cateric, _Latio jure donata_, Thornbury. _Cenia_, Tregeny. _Clausentum_, Southampton. _Conovium_, Aberconwey. _Coccium_, _Latio jure donata_, Burton by Lancaster. * _Combretonium_, Bretenham. * _Corisennis_, _Causennis_, Stow, Stanfield. * _Corium_. * _Corstoplium_, Corbridg. * _Condate_, Northwich. _Corinium Dobunorum_, _Latio jure donata_, Cirencester. _Crococolana_, Colingham. * _Camulodunum_, _colonia_, _leg. gem. mart._ +XIV.+ Colchester. _Cunedio_, _Cunetio_, Marlborough.

_Danum_, Doncaster. _Delgovitia_, Wighton. _Derventio_, Stanford bridge. _Derventio_, Little Chester by Derby. _Deva_, _colonia_, W. Chester, _leg._ +XX. V. V.+ _Cret_. _Devana_, Aberdeen. _Dubris_, Dover. * _Durnomagus_, _Latio jure donata_, Caster. _Durnovaria_, Dorchester, Dorsetshire. _Durolevum_, _Durosevum_, Sittinburn. _Duroprovis_, _stipendiaria_, Rochester. * _Durolitum_, Romford. _Durovernum_, _Cantiopolis_, _stipendiaria_, Canterbury. _Durosiponte_, Godmunchester. _Durocina_, _Durinum_, _stipendiaria_, Dorchester, _Episcopi_, Oxfordshire.

_Eboracum_, _municipium_, York, formerly _col. leg._ +VI+. * _Epiacum_, Chester in the street. _Etocetum_, Wall by Litchfield.

* _Forum Dianæ_, Market street.

* _Gadanica_, _Colanica_, Colecester. _Glebon_, _colonia_, Gloucester, _leg._ +VII.+ _Claud._ _Gobannium_, Abergavenny.

* _Herirus mons_, by Bala. * _Hierna._

_Icianis_, Ixworth. * _In medio._ * _In medium_, Kirkton, Lindsey, Lincolnshire. * _Isannavaria_, Towcester. _Isca Dumnoniorum_, _stipendiaria_, Exeter. _Isca Silurum_, _colon. leg._ +II.+ _Aug._ Caerleon. _Isurium_, Aldborough.

_Lactorodum_, Stony Stratford. _Lataris_, Bowes. _Legiolium_, Casterford. _Lemanus Portus_, Lymne. _Leucarium_, Loghor. _Lindum_, _colonia_, Lincoln. _Lindum_ in Scotland. _Londinium_, _colonia_, _Aug._ London. _Luguvalia_, _Latio jure donata_, Carlisle.

_Madum_, Madeston. _Magiovinium_, Dunstable. _Magna_, Old Radnor. _Manduessedum_, Mancester. _Mancunium_, Mancastle. * _Margidunum_, Wilughby. _Mediolanum_, Myvod. * _Mediolanum_, Chesterton by Newcastle. * _Menapia_, St. David’s. _Muridunum_, _stipendiaria_, Seaton.

_Nidum_, Neath. * _Noviomagus_, Croydon.

* _Orrea_, Dunkeld.

_Pecuaria_, Brough. _Pennocrucium_, Penkridge. _Portus Magnus_, Portchester. * _Portus Sistuntiorum_, Lune river mouth. _Præsidium_, Warwick. _Prætuarium_, Patrinton. * _Pteretone_, _Latio jure donata_, Inverness.

_Ratæ Coritanorum_, _stipendiaria_, Leicester. _Regulbium_, Reculver. * _Regnum_, Chichester. * _Rerigonium_, Ribchester. _Rhutupis_, _colonia_, Sandwich. _Rutunium_, Rowton.

* _Salinis_, Droitwich. _Segontium_, _stipendiaria_, Caernarvon. _Sitomagus_, Thetford. _Sorbiodunum_, _Latio jure donata_, Old Sarum. _Spinis_, Spene. * _Statio trajectus_, Chepstow. * _Sulloniagis_, Edgware.

* _Tamara_, Saltash. * _Tamea_, Brumchester. * _Tamese_, Stretley. * _Theodosia_, _Latio jure donata_, Dunbriton. * _Tibia amnis_, Caerdiff r. * _Trimuntium_, Cannaby. * _Tripontium_, Dowbridge, Showel. _Tuæssis_, Rothes.

* _Vagniaca_, Sevenoke. * _Vallum Antonini_, Falkirk. _Varis_, Bodvary. * _Varis_, Nairn. _Vataris_, Brough. _Venia Silurum_, _stipendiaria_, Caerwent. _Venta Belgarum_, _stipendiaria_, Winchester. _Venta Icenorum_, _stipendiaria_, Caster by Norwich. * _Vennonis_, Cleycester. _Verolanium_, _municipium_, Verulamcester. * _Verlucio_, Laycock. * _Vernometum_, Cosington. * _Victoria_, _Latio jure donata_, Perth. _Vindonum_, _stipendiaria_, Silchester. _Vindocladia_, Wimburn minster. _Vinovium_, Binchester. _Vindomora_, Ebchester. _Viriconium_, Wroxeter. * _Voluba_, Fowey. _Voreda_, Castlevoran. _Uxoconium_, Okenyate.

Here are recounted 173 places in Britain, being 62 more than are contained in Antoninus’s Itinerary: and of those in our Itinerary I have marked with an asterisc no less than 76, which are either intirely new, or not rightly assigned to their true situations in former writers.

IV.

OBSERVATIONS on the ITINERARY.

In my former papers I discoursed to the Society, first, in rehearsal of the memoirs we can recover concerning Richard of Cirencester, and of his writings.

I gave an account of the most excellent Map of Roman Britain, prefixed to the Treatise we are upon. This not only enables us to fix many places and stations, which before now we could do only by mere conjecture, and etymology of names, and the like; but further, it gives us 100 places not hitherto known, so much as in name.

Come we now to treat on the Itinerary, comprised in 18 _Iters_, which traverse the island of Britain all manner of ways, in the nature of that we call Antoninus’s Itinerary; with the intermediate miles between every station: to which I have assigned the respective modern names of the places, to the best of my knowledge.

This Itinerary of our author is far more copious than that of Antoninus: especially it takes in the whole kingdom of Scotland, that country reduced by the valiant Agricola, and called by him _Vespasiana_, when made a province, in honour to the reigning emperor’s father: it took him up seven whole years to complete this great conquest: and one of our _Iters_ extends from _Alata castra_, Inverness, to the Land’s End in Cornwall.

From due consideration we have reason to believe, this Itinerary of our author’s, as to the original plan, is no other than that of Agricola. After he was recalled by Domitian, about A. D. 85. to Hadrian’s time, Britain was neglected, Agricola’s cities in Scotland overthrown, his castles dismantled; so that Tacitus well says, _Perdomita Britannia et statim amissa_: he means only Scotland subdued by Agricola; for four legions remained in that part we call England, to keep it in subjection till Hadrian came.

To our itinerary alone, and the Map, are we indebted for the knowledge of the stations in Scotland: so that we must conclude, he had sight of manuscripts and rolls which were written in that time; whether in the libraries at Rome, or in the monastic libraries of Britain, we know not: but from the same libraries Antoninus’s Itinerary, and the like monuments of learned antiquity, were taken.

It would seem that Whittichind, the Saxon author, had seen such like works as our Richard perused; he writes, that Britain was divided into provinces by Vespasian.

Richard writes expresly, that he copied some papers transmitted to posterity by a Roman general, who probably was Agricola; he had some informations from certain religious of his order, who had been in Scotland.

He learnt what he writes on _Caledonia_, from British merchants. Again, speaking of _Glevum_, Gloucester, he says, it is a Roman colony, constituted by Claudius, _ut scriptores de istis temporibus affirmant_; so that he omitted no kind of means to acquire knowledge of the British geography.

_In medio_, _ad fines_, _ad Itunam flu. ad montem Grampium_, _Herirus mons_, _Alpes Pennini_, _ad Pontem_, _ad Murum_, _ad Vallum_; a very great number of these, and the like, being recited, intimate the high antiquity of the Itinerary; that the roads were generally made, or marked out; but towns, cities, castles, not then built, only some inns, for present conveniency. Especially we see this in Scotland, a good way on the sea-coast northerly, and remarkably in the IXth Iter; _ad Tavum_, _ad Æsicam_, _ad Tinam_, _ad Itunam_, _ad montem Grampium_, _ad Selinam_; and in the map these rivers are named, and the Grampian mountain, without a town’s name annexed, as then not fully built; and probably that country was left by the Romans before the towns were built, the Romans having chiefly strong camps by the rivers. We may reasonably hence judge, the original itinerary and map, which our Richard copied, was constructed in Agricola’s time; though afterward additions were made to it.

We see likewise this method of nomination used in other more distant parts, as _Herirus mons_ in Wales, _Alpes pennini_ in the mountainous tract of Lancashire.

In Iter IV. _Ad Tisam amnem_, _Ad Murum_, _Ad Alaunam flu._ _Ad Tuedam flu._ _Ad Vallum_.

In Iter XI. _Ad Alone_, _Ad Sabrinam_, _Tibia amnis_, _Ad Vigesimum lapidem_, &c.

In Iter XV. _Ad Lapidem_, _Ad Decimum lapidem_, where only mile-stones are named; and the remains of this manner of denomination are left in the English names _Stoneham_, _Stone_, _Stanefield_, _Stanwic_, _Stanton_, and the like.

We learn to correct many words in our geography, which before were not truly wrote: for instance, _Bannavenna_, Towcester, sometimes _Benavona_, _Bennaventa_, which words have no meaning, is really _Isannavaria_, ill placed at Weedon, or rather _Isantavaria_; which words are easily deduced from the British.

* * * * *

I judge it will be a matter useful to the Studious in this kind of learning, to collect into one general Index all the names of places, hitherto recited in the Map and Itinerary, with the annexed asterisc, denoting those names, which are new, or better placed than in former books, or of new denomination; to which we must add those recited in his VIth chapter of the Chorography of Britain. This contains above 100 names not found in my friend Mr. Baxter’s _Glossarium Brittanicum_; who has collected all the names we before knew; and this present must justly be esteemed the noblest monument of antient Britain.

* _Abona flu._ of _Caledonia_, Frith of Dournach, in the Highlands. * _Abus_, the Humber. _Abona_, r. Avon of Bristol and Bath, _Primæ_. _Acmodæ_ isles. * _Ad Abum_, Wintringham, Lincolnshire. * _Ad Alaunam_, r. Alnwic, by the Wall, Northumberland. * _Ad Alaunam_, r. _Alone_, Lancaster. * _Ad Alone_, _Abone_, on Frome r. by Evershot, Dorsetshire. _Ad Ansam_, Stretford-street, Suffolk, _Ad Sturium_, _fl._ * _Ad Fines Brigantes inter et Coritanos_, Gravesborough by Rotheram, West-riding, Yorkshire. * _Ad Æsicam._ * _Ad Antonam_, Evesham, Worcestershire. * _Ad Aquas_, Wells, Somersetshire. * _Ad Durium amnem._ * _Ad Fines Trinobantes inter et Cenomanos_, Roiston, Hertfordshire. * _Ad Itunam._ * _Ad Decimum_, sc. _lapidem_. * _Ad Fines Maximam inter et Flaviam_, Stretford on Mersey, in Lancashire. * _Ad Lapidem_, Stoneham. * _Ad Lemanum_, r. old Romney. * _Ad Montem Grampium._ * _Ad Murum_, Newcastle on Tyne. * _Ad Tines_, Rochester, by Redesdale, on r. N. Tyne. * _Ad Tisam_, _fl._ Peirsebridge, Yorkshire, Ovynford. * _Ad Pontem_, Bridgeford, Nottinghamshire. * _Ad Selinam._ * _Ad Sabrinam_, _fl._ Awst. * _Ad Tavum_, _fl._ * _Ad Tinam_, _fl._ * _Ad Tuedam_, _fl._ Berwick. * _Ad Vigesimum_, sc. _lapidem_, Narbath-castle. * _Ad Uxellam amnem._ * _Ad Trivonam_, _fl._ Burton upon Trent. * _Ad Vallum_, _Antonini_, Falkirk. * _Ad Sturiam_, _fl._ Stretford-street, _Ad Ansam_, Suffolk. * _Ælia Castra_, Aldcester by Biceter, Oxfordshire. _Æsica_, r. of _Vecturiones_. _Agelocum_, Littleborough on Trent Nottinghamshire. * _Alata Castra_, Inverness, _Vacomagorum Metropolis_, _Latio jure donata_, _Pteroton_. _Alcluith_, _ad lacum Lincalidor_, _Theodosia_. * _Alpes Pennini_, Pendleton, Pendlebury, Lancashire. * _Alpes_, hills of Lothlers, _Valentiæ_, Scotland. _Alauna_, Sterling, _Horestiorum urbs_. _Alauna_, r. Aylmouth, Awn. Northumberland. * _Alauna_, r. Lune of Lancaster, _Maximæ_. * _Alauna_, Alcester upon Arrow, _Dobunorum urbs_, _Flaviæ_, Warwickshire. _Alauna_, r. by Blandford, Dorsetshire. * _Alicana_, Shipton by Craven, Yorkshire. * _Albanii_, Broadalbin, Scotland. _Albani_, by Lorn, Scotland. _Antona_, r. Avon of Northampton, Nen. _Antona_, r. Winchester, Hants. * _Anderida Portus_, Newhaven, Sussex. _Anderida Sylva_, _Caledonia_, Sussex. _Anterii_, Ireland. _Anterium Metropolis_, there. _Andros_, isle. _Antivestæum_, _prom._ Penros, Cornwall. * _Artavia_, Tintagel, Cornwall. * _Aquæ_, Buchan, Scotland. _Aquæ Solis_, _colonia_, _Thermæ_, Bath. _Ariconium_, Kenchester, of _Silures_, _Secundæ_, Herefordshire. * _Aræ finium imperii Romani_, Chanery in the Highlands. _Argitta_, r. of _Rhobogdii_, Ireland. _Atlanticus Oceanus_, the Atlantic Ocean. * _Attacotti_, Lochabar, of _Vespasiana_. _Atrebates_, Berkshire. _Avalonia_, _Heduorum urbs_, Glasenbury. _Aufona_, r. of Northampton, _Naina_, Nen. _Ausoba Sinus_, Ireland.

_Banna_, r. of _Rhobogdii_, Ireland. * _Banatia_, Lochabar by Fort-William, _Vacomagi_. _Banchorium_, _Bonium_, of _Carnabii_, Banchor, Flintshire. _Benonæ_, of _Carnabii_, Cleycester, Highcross, Northamptonsh. _Belisama_, r. Rible, _Maximæ Cæsariensis_, Lancashire. _Belgæ_, Somersetshire. _Beregonium_, _Valentiæ_, Dunstafag, in Lorn. * _Berigonius Sinus_, by Cantyre, Scotland. _Bibroci_, or _Rhemi_, Berkshire. * _Bibrax_, _Bibracte_, of _Bibroci_, _Bibrocum_, Madanhead, Bray, Berks. _Blestium_, Oldcastle on Hescol r. Scotland, _Blescium_. _Boduni_, Oxfordshire, Gloucestershire, Worcestershire. _Bolerium_, _prom. Primæ_, St. Ive’s, Cornwall. _Bodotria_, _Bodoria_, _Æstuarium_, Frith of Forth, Scotland. _Bonium_, _Banchorium_, Banchor, Flintshire. _Bovium_, Boverton, Glamorganshire. _Brangonium_, Worcester. _Brannogenium_, Oxfordshire, _Flaviæ_, of _Ordovices_, or _Dobuni_. _Branavis_, Banbury. _Bremenium_, Rochester, Northumberland, capital of _Ottodini_, _stipendiaria_. * _Bremenium_, Birmingham, Warwickshire. _Brigantes_, Yorkshire. _Brigantes_, Ireland. _Brigas_, Ireland. _Brigantia_, Ireland. _Brigantium_, _Isurium_, Aldborough, Yorkshire. * _Brigantum extrema_, _prom._ Flamborough-head, Yorkshire. _Brige_, _Bragæ_, Broughton, Hampshire. _Brinavis_, Banbury, Oxfordsh. _Britannia Prima_, Province. _Britannia Secunda_, Province. —— _Flavia_, Province. —— _Maxima_, Province. —— _Valentia_, Province, _usque ad murum Antonini_. —— _Vespasiana_, Province, _ultra murum Antonini_. _Brocavonacis_, _Brovonacis_, Browham, Northumberland. _Bullium_, _Burrium_, _Bultrum_, Caerphylli castle, Brecknockshire. _Buvinda_, r. Ireland.

_Caledonia_, Province, Highlands. _Caledonia_, s. _Anderida Sylva_, Sussex. _Caledonia Sylva_, in the Highlands. * _Caledoniæ extrema_, Dunsby-head, Scotland. _Cæsarea insula_, Jersey. _Cantæ_, Cromarty in the Highlands. _Candida casa_, _Leucopibia_, Whithern in Galway. * _Carnabii_, Sutherland in the Highlands. _Caledonii_, Inverness county, beyond Varar. _Carnabii_, in Staffordshire, Wales, Cheshire, _Flaviæ_. _Caledonia Sylva_, Rockingham forest, Northamptonshire. _Carronacæ_, _Carnovacæ_, Strathnavern in the Highlands. * _Cattini_, Cathness in the Highlands. _Cassii_, _Cateuchlani_, Middlesex. * _Camboritum_, _colonia_, Chesterford, Cambridgeshire. * _Camulodunum_, _colonia_, Colchester, _Trinobantum_, _legio_ +XIV.+ _Gemina_, _Martia_. * _Cambola_, r. Padstow haven, Camelford, Cornwall. _Caleba Atrebatum metropolis_, Wallingford, Berkshire. * _Cantæ_, _Cantii_, Kent. * _Cantiopolis_, _Durovernum_, Canterbury, _metropolis_, _stipendiaria_. _Cantium_, _prom._ Kent. * _Canganus Sinus_, by Harley, Carnarvonshire, or Merionidshire. _Canganum_, _prom._ Llyn Point, Carnarvonshire. _Cangiani_, * _Canonium_, Kelvedon, Essex. _Calcaria_, Tadcaster, Yorkshire. _Cambodunum_, _Latio jure donata_, Alkmundbury, Yorkshire. _Canovius_, r. of _Mona_ isle, Anglesey. _Cassiterides Insulæ_, Scilly. _Cataracton_, _Cataractonium_, _Latio jure donata_, Thornburgh, Catteric, _Maximæ_. _Cattieuchlani_, _Cassii_, Hertfordshire. _Cauci_, Ireland. _Causennis_, Stanfeild, Lincolnshire. * _Cauna Insula_, Shepey. _Carnabii_, Cornwall, * _Carbanticum_, Kirkubright, Treef c. on Dee. * _Cæsaromagus_, Chelmsford. _Celnius_, r. of _Vacomagi_, Duvern, Scotland. _Cerones_, Inverness county, Scotland. _Cenia_, Tregeny, _Damnoniorum metropolis_, Falmouth. _Cenius_, r. Falmouth haven, _Damnoniorum_, by Tregeny. * _Cenomani_, Huntingdonshire, Cambridgeshire, Norfolk, Suffolk. * _Cimbri_, _Primæ_, Somersetshire. * _Clita_, r. _Secundæ_, Clvyd, by St. Asaph. _Clausantum_, _Belgarum_, Southampton, _metropolis_. _Clota insula_, _Vespasianæ_, Arran isle. _Clotta Æstuarium_, _Valentiæ_. _Cluda_, r. Cluyd, Clyd. * _Condate_, Northwich, Cheshire. * _Combretonium_, Bretenham, Bradfeild Combust, Suffolk. _Conovius_, r. Canovy, Aberconway, Caernarvonshire. _Concangios_, Watercrook by Kendal, Westmorland. _Colanica_, _Gadanica_, Peebles, _Valentiæ_. _Conovium_, Aberconwy. _Concangii_, Ireland. * _Coccium_, _Latio jure donata_, _Sistuntiorum_, Burton, Lancashire. * _Coitani_, Forest of Rockingham, _Caledonia Sylva_, Northamptonshire. * _Coria_, Corstan law, _metropolis_ of _Gadeni_, Lothian. _Corbantorigum_, of _Selgovæ_. _Corinium Dobunorum_, _Latio jure donata_, Cirencester, Gloucestershire. * _Coritani_, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire. _Coriondii_, Ireland. * _Corisennis_, _Causennis_, Stanfeild, Lincolnshire. * _Corium_, Corsford by Lanerk, Cluydsdale. _Corstoplium_, Corbridge, Northumberland. _Crococolana_, Colingham, Nottinghamshire. _Cronium mare_, northern Ocean. * _Creones_, _Cerones ad Volsas sinus_, Ross. _Cunedio_, Marlborough, _Cunetio_, Wiltshire.

_Dabrona_, r. Ireland, _Damnii_, Argyleshire, _Vespasianæ_. * _Damnii Albani_, Scotland, _infra Tavum_, _Vacomagosque_, _Valentiæ_, Lorn. _Damnia_, north and South of the wall of Severus. _Damnonii_, Somersetshire, _Primæ_. _Damnii_, Ireland. _Danum_, Doncaster, Yorkshire. _Delgovicia_, Wighton, Yorkshire. _Darabouna_, r. of _Rhobogdii_, Ireland. _Derventio_, Stanford-bridge, Yorkshire. _Derventio_, Little Chester, by Derby. _Derventio_, r. Derwent, Cumberland, _Maximæ_. _Deva_, r. of _Taixali_, by Aberdeen, Dee. _Deva_, r. Dee by Kirkcubright, of _Selgovæ_. * _Dena_, r. Cree, by Whithern, Scotland. _Deva_, _colonia_, Westchester, _legio_ +XX. V. V.+ _Cretica_, _Flaviæ_. _Devana_, of _Taixali_, Aberdeen, _Divana_. * _Dimeti_, _Silurum gens_, _Secundæ_, Cardiganshire. _Dobona_, r. Ireland. _Dobuni_, _Boduni_, _Cattieuchlanorum gens_, Oxfordshire. _Dunum_, _metropolis_, Ireland. _Dubris_, r. of _Cantii_, Douvre. _Dubris_, _portus_, Dover, Kent. _Durius_ r. Ireland. * _Durius_ r. _Damnoniorum_, Dart, Devonshire. * _Durinum_, _Durnovaria_, Dorchester, Dorsetshire, _stipendiaria_. _Durobris_, _Duroprovis_, Rochester, _stipendiaria_, _Durobrovis_. * _Durnomagus_, Caster by Peterborough, _Cenomannorum_, _Latio jure donata_, Northamptonshire. _Durotriges_, s. _Morini_, Dorsetshire. * _Durolevum_, _Durosevum_, Sittingburn, Kent. * _Durolitum_, Romford, _Durositum_, Essex. _Durocina_, Dorchester _episcopi_, Oxfordshire. _Durosiponte_, Godmanchester, Huntingdonshire. _Durovernum_, _stipendiaria_, Canterbury, _Cantiopolis_.

_Eblanæ_, Ireland. _Eboracum_, _municipium_, formerly _colonia leg._ +VI.+ _victrix_, York. _Ebuda_ isle, Hebrid, _Caledoniæ_. —— II. _Caledoniæ._ —— III. Skye, _Caledoniæ_. —— IV. _Caledoniæ._ —— V. _Caledoniæ._ _Ebudum_, _prom._ of _Carnovacæ_, Highlands. * _Epiacum_, Chester in the street, county of Durham, _Brigantum_, _Maximæ_. * _Epidia_, _insula superior_, Northvist, _Vespasianæ_. _Epidium_, _prom._ Highlands. * _Epidii_, Cantyre, Highlands. * _Epidia_, _insula inferior_, Southvist, _Vespasianæ_. _Eriri mons_, by Bala, Merionydshire. _Etocetum_, of _Carnabii_, wall by Litchfield, _Flaviæ_, Staffordshire.

_Flavia_, Province. * _Forum Dianæ_, _Cassiorum_, Market-street, by Dunstable, Hertfordshire. * _Fretum Menevicum_, Cardigan, bay, _Secundæ_.

_Gadeni_, in Northumberland, _Valentiæ_. _Gadenia_, north of the wall of Severus. _Gadeni_, in Scotland. * _Gadanica_, _Colonica_, Colecester, or Peebles, Scotland. * _Galgacum_, _Galacum_, Lanchester, _Brigantum_, _Maximæ_, Durham county. _Garion_, r. Yare, _Garienus_, Norfolk. _Genania_, Province, North Wales. _Glevum_, _Glebon_, _colonia_, _leg._ +VII.+ _Claudia Dobunorum_, Gloucester, _Flaviæ_. _Gobannium Silurum_, Abergaveny, _Secundæ_. _Grampius_, _m._ Grantsbein, Scotland, _Vespasianæ_.

* _Halengum_, _Halangium_, Hailston, Cornwall. _Hebudes insulæ_ +V+. * _Helenum_, _prom. Helenis Cornabiorum_, Berry Point, Devonshire. _Herculis columnæ_, Cornwall, Main Ambres. _Herculis_, _prom._ Hertland Point, Devonshire. * _Herculis insula_, _Heraclea_, Lundy, _Primæ_. * _Hedui_, Somersetshire. * _Heriri m. m._ by Bala, Wales, _Secundæ_, Merionydshire. * _Hierna._ _Horestii_, _ad Tavum_, Fife, _Vespasianæ_.

_Ibernia_, city in Ireland. _Ibernus_, r. Ireland. _Ibernii_, Ireland. _Icenii_, Rutland, Cambridgeshire, Suffolk, _Flaviæ_. * _Icianis_, Ixworth, Icklingham, Suffolk. _Idumanus_, r. by Chelmsford, Essex, _Trinobantes_. _Ila_, r. Ale, Highlands, _Caledoniæ_. * _In medio._ * _In medium_, Kirkton, Lincolnshire. * _Isannavaria_, Towcester, _Isantavaria_, Northamptonshire. _Isca_, r. Ex by Exeter, _Primæ_. _Isca Damnoniorum_, _metropolis_, _stipendiaria_, Exeter. _Isca Silurum colonia_, Caerleon, _leg._ +II.+ _Aug. metropolis Britanniæ Secundæ_, Monmouthshire. _Isca_, r. Usk, Monmouthshire. _Ischalis Heduorum_, Ilchester, Somersetshire. _Isurium Brigantum_, _Brigantium_, _metropolis_, Yorkshire, Aldborough, _Maximæ_, Aldwark. _Ituna_, r. of _Taixali_, Ythan, _Vespasianæ_. * _Ituna Æstuarium_, Eden, _Valentiæ_. _Ituna_, r. of _Selgovæ_. _Itys_, r. Highlands.

* Κριοῦ μέτωπον, _prom._ Ram head, _Primæ_, Cornwall.

_Lactorodum_, Stoney-Stretford, Bucks. _Lataris_, Bowes, Yorkshire. _Lebarum_, Ireland. _Legiolium_, Casterford, Yorkshire. _Lelanonius Sinus_, Lochleven, Highlands, _Vespasianæ_. _Lemanus portus_, Limne, _primæ_, Kent. _Lemana_, r. _Cantii_, Lime-water, Kent. _Lemanus_, r. boundary of _Cantii_ and _Bibroci_. * _Leucopibia_, _candida casa_, Withern, _Novantum_, _metropolis_, _Valentiæ_, Scotland. _Leucarium_, Loghor, Glamorganshire. _Libnius mons_, Ireland. _Libnius_, _metropolis_, Ireland. * _Lincalidor lacus_, Lochlomond, _Attacottorum_. * _Lindum_, Dunblane, _Horestiorum_. _Lindum colonia Coritanorum_, Lincoln. _Loebius_, r. Ireland. * _Logi_, Sutherland, Highlands. _Londinium Augusta_, London, _colonia_, _Lundinum_, _metropolis_, _Flaviæ_. * _Longus_, r. Lochlock, Highlands. _Loxa_, r. Frith of Cromarty, Highlands. * _Luanticum_, _Lovantium_, _metropolis Dimetiorum_, Cardigan, _Secundæ_. _Lucani_, Ireland. _Lugubalia_, _Latio jure donata_, _Sistuntiorum_, Carlisle, _Maximæ_.

_Maætæ_, north of the wall of Severus. _Macobicum_, _metropolis_, Ireland. _Madum_, Madeston, Kent. _Madus_, r. Medway, Kent. _Magna Silurum_, Old Radnor. _Magiovinium_, Dunstable, Bedfordshire. _Maleos_, Isle Mull. _Manavia_, Isle of Man. _Mancunium_, Mancastle, by Manchester, Lancashire. _Manduessedum_, Mancester, Warwickshire. * _Mare Orcadum_, Pentland Frith. * _Mare Thule_, North British sea, _Caledoniæ_. * _Margidunum_, Willughby, Nottinghamshire. _Moridunum_, Seaton, _stipendiaria_, Devonshire. _Maxima_, Province. _Mediolanum_, Myvod, _Ordovicum_, Montgomeryshire. _Mediolanum_, Ireland. _Mediolanum_, Chesterton by Newcastle, Staffordshire. _Menapia_, Isle Ramsey, Pembrokeshire. _Menapia_, in Ireland. _Menapii_, Ireland. * _Menavia_, _Menapia_, _Dimetiorum_, Pembrokeshire, St. David’s. _Meneviacum fretum_, Irish sea. * _Merseia_, r. Mersey, Cheshire. _Mertæ_, Murray, Highlands. _Metaris æstuarium_, Lincolnshire Washes, _Flaviæ_. _Modona_ r. Ireland. _Mona insula_, Anglesey, N. Wales. * _Monada insula_, _Mona_, _Monæda_, Man. _Moricambe_, r. Decker, Lancashire, _Maximæ_. * _Morini_, Somersetshire, Dorset, _Primæ_. * _Muridunum_, Columb, Cornwall, _Primæ_. _Muridunum_, Carmarthen, _stipendiaria_, _Dimetiorum_, _metropolis_, S. Wales. _Musidum_, Cornwall.

_Nabius_, r. _Nabæus_, Navern, Highlands. _Nagnatæ_, Ireland. _Nen_, _Naina_, r. Peterborough, Northamptonshire. _Nidus_, r. Nith, Nithesdale. _Nidum_, Neath. * _Nidus_, r. Neath, Glamorganshire, _Secundæ_. _Novantæ_, West Galway, _Valentiæ_. _Novantum Chersonesus_, _prom._ Galway. * _Noviomagus_, _metropolis_, _Bibrocorum_, s. _Rhemorum_, Croydon, _Primæ_, Surry. _Novantia_, north of the wall of Severus. _Novius_, r. _Selgovæ_, Scotland.

_Obora_, r. Ireland. * _Ocetis_, Isle, _Stroma_, _Caledoniæ_. * _Oceanus Deucalidonius_, West British Sea. _Ocrinum_, _prom. Cimbrorum_, Cornwall. _Ocrinum mons_, Penryn, Cornwall, _Primæ_. * _Olicana_, _Brigantum_, Wetherby, _Maximæ_. _Orcas prom._ Farohead, Highlands. _Octurupium_, _prom. Dimetiorum_, Bishop and Clerks, Pembrokeshire. * _Orrea_, Perth, _Vecturionum_, Dunkeld, St. Johnston. _Orcades_, Isles +XXX+. _Ordovicia._ _Ordovices_, _Silurum gens_. * _Otys_, r. Loch-soil, Lochabar. _Ottadini_, Northumberland. _Ottadinii_, north of the wall of Severus. _Oxellum_, _prom. Brigantum_, Spurn-head, Holderness, Yorkshire.

_Parisii_, _Brigantum_, Holderness. * _Penoxyllum_, _prom._ Terbaetness, _Cantæ_, Ross. * _Penninæ montes_, Peak, Derbyshire, _Maximæ_. _Pennocrucium_, Penkridge, Staffordshire. * _Petuaria_, _Parisiorum_, Brough, Yorkshire, _Pecuaria_. * _Portus fœlix_, Bridlington-bay, _Parisiorum_, Yorkshire. _Portus magnus_, _Belgarum_, Portchester, Hampshire. * _Pomona_, Isle, Mainland, Orkneys. _Præsidium_, Warwick. _Prætuarium_, Patrinton, Yorkshire, Holderness. * _Pteroton_, _alata castra_, Inverness, _Vacomagorum metropolis_, _Latio jure donata_.

_Ragæ_, _Ratæ Coritanorum_, Leicester, _Coitanorum_, _stipendiaria_, _Flaviæ_. _Regia_, _metropolis_, _Velatoriorum_, Ireland. * _Regnum_, Chichester, _Regentium_, Sussex. _Regulbium_, Reculver, _Primæ_, Kent. * _Rerigonium_, _Sistuntiorum_, _Maximæ_, Burton on Lune, or Ribchester, Lancashire. _Rhæba_, _metropolis_, there, Ireland. _Rhebius_, r. Ireland, _Rhebius_, lake, Ireland. _Rhemi_, or _Bibroci_, Berks. _Rhobogdii_, Ireland. _Rhobogdium_, _metropolis_ there. _Rhobogdium_, _prom._ _Rhusina_, _metrop._ of _Ibernii_, Ireland. _Ricinia_, Isle. _Rutunium_, Rowton, Shropshire. _Rutupium colonia_, _metrop. leg._ +II.+ _aug. portus_, Sandwich, Richborough, Kent.

_Sabrina æstuar._ Severn, _Primæ_. _Sacrum_, _prom._ Ireland. * _Salinæ Dobunorum_, Saltwarp, Droitwich, _Flaviæ_, Worcestershire. _Sarna_, Isle. _Scotti_, first inhabitants of Ireland. _Secunda_, Province. _Segontiaci_, Hampshire. _Segontium_, Carnarvon, _stipendiaria_, _metropolis_, _Cangianorum_, _Secundæ_. _Selgovæ_, at Solway Frith, Annandale. _Selgovia_, north of the wall of Severus. _Sena_, Isle. _Senus_, r. Ireland. _Seteia_, r. of _Brigantes_. _Silimnus_, Isle. _Silures_, Herefordshire. * _Silva Caledonia_, Rockingham Forest, Northamptonshire. * _Silva Caledonia_, Stetadel Forest, Sutherland. _Sinus Metaris_, Lincolnshire Washes. * _Sistuntii_, Lancashire, _Maximæ_. _Sitomagus_, Thetford, Norfolk. _Sorbiodunum_, Old Sarum, Wilts, _Latio jure donata_, _Belgæ_, _præsidium Romanorum_. _Spinis_, Spene, Berkshire. * _Statio Trajectus_, Chepstow, Monmouthshire. * _Strabo_, r. Oudergill, Ross. _Sturius_, r. _Cantii_, Stour, Kent. _Sturius_, r. _Trinobantum_, Stour, Essex. _Stuccia_, r. Rhydel by Aberystwth, S. Wales. _Surius_, r. Soar, _Flaviæ extremæ_, Leicestershire. * _Sulloniagis_, Edgware, Middlesex. _Sygdeles_, Isles, _Oestromynides_, _Cassiterides_, Scilly Isles, Numb. +XL.+

* _Tamara_, by Tavistoke, Saltash, _Damnoniorum_, upon Tamar, Devonshire. _Tamarus_, r. _Damnoniorum_, Tamar, Devonshire. * _Tamese_, Stretley, Berks. * _Tamea_, Brunchester by Blair, _Vacomagi_. _Taixali_ in north of Scotland. _Taixalorum_, _prom._ part of _m. Grampius_, Buchanness. _Tavus_, r. Tay in _Vespasiana_ Province, by Perth. _Tavus_, r. Tay in England, Devonshire. * _Tavus æstuarium_, Tay Frith, Scotland. * _Termolus_, South Moulton, Devonshire, _Primæ_. * _Texalum_, Castle in Mearns. _Thamesis_, r. Thames. * _Thermæ_, _colonia_, _Aquæ Solis_, Bath, _Heduorum_. * _Theodosia_, Alcluith, Dun Briton, _Latio jure donata_, _Vespasianæ_. _Thule_, Isle Iceland, _Caledoniæ_. _Thanatos_, Isle Thanet, Kent. * _Tibia_, r. by Caerdiff. _Tina_, r. by Montrose, _Vecturionum_. _Tina_, both rivers of _Ottadini_, Northumberland. * _Tisa_, r. Tees, Yorkshire, _Maximæ_. * _Tobius_, r. Rhymnyr, by Caerdiff, _Secundæ_. * _Tobius_, r. Tewy, by Caermarthen. _Tossibus_, r. of Mona Isle, _Canovius_. _Trinobantes_, Middlesex. _Trisanton_, r. Newhaven, Sussex. * _Trimuntium_, _Selgovæ_, Canaby, Scotland. * _Tripontium_, Dowbridge, Showel, Northamptonshire. * _Trivona Coritanorum_, r. Trent. _Flaviæ_. _Tuæssis_ of _Vacomagi_, on Spay r. Rothes. _Tuessis_, r. of _Vacomagi_, Spay, Scotland. * _Tuerbius_, r. Tyvy, by Caerdigan. _Tueda_, r. of _Ottadini_, Tuede, Northumberland.

_Vacomagi_, Athol, beyond _Grampius_ in _Vespasiana_. * _Vaga_, r. Wye, Hertfordshire, _Secundæ_. * _Vallum Antonini_, Falkirk, Scotland. _Vallum Severi_, Picts wall. _Vanduaria_, _Vanduarium_, _Damniorum_, Clydsdale, a Roman garrison, Krawford. _Varar æstuarium_, Frith of Murray. _Vararis_, r. _Vicomagi_, by Inverness, Scotland. * _Vainona_, Wainflet, Lincolnshire. _Valentia_ Province, _ad murum Antonini_. _Varis_, Bodvary, Flintshire. _Vataris_, Brough, Westmorland. * _Varis_, Nairn, Scotland. * _Vagniaca_, Sevenoak, Kent. _Vecturiones_, _Venricones_, Angus, Scotland. _Vecta_, Isle Wyght. _Velatorii_, Ireland. _Vedra_, r. Weremouth, Durham. _Venta Icenorum_, Caster by Norwich, _metropolis_, _stipendiaria_, Norfolk. _Venta Belgarum_, Winchester, _stipendiaria_, Hampshire. _Venta_, Winburnminster, Dorsetsh. _Venta Silurum_, _stipendiaria_, Caerwent, Monmouthshire. * _Venonis_, Cleycester, Highcross, Northamptonshire. _Venicnium_, _prom._ Ireland. _Venicnii_, Ireland. _Venicniæ_ Isles, Ireland. * _Vernometum_, Cosington, Leicestershire. * _Verlucio_, Laycock, Wiltshire. _Verolanium_, Verulam, St. Alban’s, _municipium_, _Cassii_, Hertfordsh. * _Vervedrum_, _prom._ Ness head, _Caledoniæ_. _Vespasiana_, Province, beyond Antoninus’s _Prætentura_. * _Victoria_, Perth, Airdoch, _Latio jure donata_. _Victoria_, Dunbriton, _Latio jure donata_, of _Horestii_, upon _Tavus_ r. Scotland. _Vidogara_, r. Ayr in Kyle, _Valentiæ_. _Vidua_, r. _Rhobogdii_, Ireland. _Vindomora_, Ebchester, Durham. _Vindelis_, _prom. Vindelia_, Portland Isle, Dorsetshire. _Vindonum_, _stipendiaria_, _Segontiorum metropolis_, Silchester, Berks. _Vinder_ r. Ireland. _Vindilios_ Isle. _Vinovium_, Peirsebridge, Binchester, of _Brigantes_, Ovynford, Durham county. _Vindocladia_, Wimburnminster, Dorsetshire. _Virgivus Oceanus._ _Virubium_, _prom. Caledoniæ_, Ordhead, _extremum Caledoniæ_. _Vodia_, r. Ireland. _Vodia_, _prom._ Ireland. _Volsas sinus_, Lochbreyn, Highlands, Ross. * _Voluba_, Fowey, Cornwall. _Voluba_, _Damnoniorum_, Grampound, Cornwall. _Voluntii_, _Volantii_, Amunder, Lancashire. _Voluntii_, Ireland. _Voreda_, Castle Voran, Northumberland. _Urus_, r. _Brigantes_, Ure. _Uriconium_, _Viriconium_, Wroxcester, _Carnabiorum_, _metropolis_, _Flaviæ_, Shropshire. _Uxella_, Barton, on the Foss road, Somersetshire, _Damniorum_. _Uxella_, r. _Cimbri_, Somersetshire, by Glasenbury, _Primæ_. _Uxella_, _m. Uxelli_, _m. m._ Hills of Lothlers, Cluydsdale. _Uxellum_, Dunfreys, _Selgovæ_, Nithisdale. _Uxoconium_, Okenyate, _Usocona_, Salop.

_Wantsum æstuarium_, Kent, mouth of Stour.

This is a collective index, much the largest extant, of all the places mentioned in the Map, in the Itinerary, in the Chorography, of Richard of Cirencester’s work. It contains in the whole 500 names of antiquity, whereof about 150 I have signed with an asterisc, as wholly new, more correctly named, or placed, than in former writers on the subject. We must needs look on it as a great treasure in Roman antiquities. I have assigned the modern names. It is impossible I should be exact in all, either in England, or Wales, or Scotland: they must be left to the studious, who have proper skill and opportunities to examine them, and make a just use of the great light here thrown on the face of our island, in the earliest times of the Romans: some I have purposely omitted, that the lovers of these antiquities may use like diligence to fill up those vacancies, as well as correct others, which future discoveries will enable them to do.

The following is a specimen of the writing of the original manuscript, and explication thereof.

* * * * *

_Sequitur Commentariolum geographicum de situ Brittaniæ et Stationum quas Romani ipsi in ea insula edificaverunt._

L. +i+. C. +i+.

_Finis erat orbis ora Gallici littoris, nisi Brittania insula, non qualibet amplitudinis, nomen pene orbis alterius mereretur._

_Dicitur. hic abest a Gessariaco Morinorum Brittanice gentis portu, trajectu millium_ L. _sive ut quidam scripsere, Stadiorum_ CCCCL. _illinc conspiciuntur_.

FINIS.

CAROLI BERTRAMI LONDINENSIS +NOTÆ in CAP. I. et II. LIBRI PRIMI+ BRITANNIÆ ROMANÆ RICARDI MONACHI.

AD LECTOREM.

Notæ in Caput primum & secundum libri primi RICARDI nostri quas +Tibi+ heic, candide +Lector+! sisto, non sunt nisi paucæ earum plurium ad Antiquitates Britannicas pertinentium, quas laboriose versando cum veterum tum recentiorum scripta collegi. Quæ si +TIBI+ fuerint ad palatum, & candide a +TE+ accipi meruerint, Deo annuente redeuntibus temporibus tranquillitate felicioribus, integrum & completum ex iis formatum commentarium habebis. Spero interea, +TE+ judicaturum esse, me, in eo, quod plura tractando +TE+ non moratus sim, consulte egisse, præcipue tempore hoc, quo in considerandis nostræ ætatis stupendis factorum nexibus ad unum omnes sint nimium occupati, nec vacet rebus jam diu gestis, jamque inextricabile fere obscuritate sepultis, attentam afferre mentem.

NOTÆ IN CAP. I.

I _Finis erat orbis_, &c.[3] +Homerus+[4] primus, saltem Græcos inter, (de iis enim, quæ +Orpheo+ tribuuntur, adhuc sub judice lis est,) terram undiquaque Oceano cinctam allui[5] pronunciavit, opinio forte ipsi terræ coæva, quod verba, quæ sequuntur +Clementis+ Alexandrini innuere videntur; en ipsa verba: Mensam autem in Templo, (altare quoque thymmiamatis a +Moyse+ jussu divino factum)[6], habere undulas inflexas ac tortiles, (communiter coronam appellant,) significat terram, quam oceanus circumfluit[7]. Recepta hæc erat Philosophorum[8], Geographorum[9], Historicorum[10], & Poetarum[11], tum gentilium[12], tum Christianorum[13] opinio, atque quod ad Europam, Asiam & Africam, veterum orbem attinet, consentit illa ad unguem cum recentissimis & optimis observationibus. Hoc est cur veteres extrema littora finem terræ & naturæ dixerint[14]. Patet hoc, ut alios omittam, ex his +Virgilii+ Romanorum Coryphæi dictis:

_Extremique hominum_ Morini——[15]

populi in Galliæ finibus, qui Britanniam spectant, proximi oceano[16], & ultra oceanum quid erat præter Britanniam[17], oceani insulam[18] ultimam occidentis[19], quam fallax æstu circuit ipse oceanus[20], cujus licet magnitudinem olim nemo, ut +Livius+ refert, circumvectus[21], +Panegyricus+[22] tamen Maximiano & Constantino Impp. dictus aperte docet, eam tantæ magnitudinis a Cæsare habitam, ut non circumfusa oceano, sed complexa ipsum oceanum videretur[23]. Hæc cum verbis +Ricardi+[24] consentiunt, quæ verba sunt apud +Solinum+[25] eadem. Britannia judicata est orbis finis juxta +Valerium Catullum+ qui Albionem nostram ultimam Britanniam[26], ejusque incolas Britannos ultimos appellat[27]. Sequitur eum in hoc +Horatius Flaccus+ ita pro salute Augusti vota nuncupans:

_Serves iturum Cæsarem in ultimos Orbis Britannos————_[28]

nisi cum Beato +Chrysostomo+ tibi placuerit Britanniam extra orbem positam[29], Romanorumque virtutem in orbem redactam dicere[30]. In Romanorum nomen elementa transierunt[31], in quos etiam transivit orbis terrarum, qui Romano Imperio clauditur & definitur. unde a plerisque Orbis Romanus appellatur[32]; ita +M. Annæus Lucanus+

_————quin respicis orbem Romanum?_[33]

Et denuo de Cæsare sermonem faciens idem Poëta canit:

_Hic cui Romani spatium non sufficit orbis._[34]

Sed vero propius ad ipsam rem accidit +Claudius Claudianus+ ita loquendo:

_——nostro deducta Britannia mundo._[35]

_Nomen pene orbis alterius_, &c.[36]]. Alii veterum auctorum non parce adeo loquuntur, liquet hoc ex his apud optimos eorum obviis expressionibus:

_At nunc oceanus geminos interluit orbes._[37]

Britannia oceani insula interfuso mari toto orbe divisa[38], ALTER ORBIS appellatur[39], postquam Romanorum subjecta esset imperio, ita canentes audimus:

_Conjunctum est, quod adhuc Orbis, & Orbis erat_[40]. _Et jam Romano cingitur Oceano_[41].

Et quamvis toto orbe divisa, tamen, qui vinceret, habuit Britannia[42], quæ præ magnitudine videri possit alia terra continens[43]. omnibus terra marique, a Cæsare, captis, respexit oceanum, & quasi hic Romanus orbis non sufficeret, alterum (Britannicum) cogitavit[44]; aut cum +Claudiano+ vate:

_Vincendos alio quæsiverit in orbe Britannos_[45].

Hic orbis terra est, quam ultra oceanum sitam fingit +Cosmas+ Indicopleustes[46], opinio inveterata. Plautius Legatus enim, ut testis est +Dio Cassius+[47], difficulter exercitum e Gallia abduxit, indigne ferentem, quod extra orbem terrarum bellum esset gerendum, scilicet in Britannia

_————quæ procul orbe jacet_[48].

Nam si verum quæramus, terra ipsa infra Romanorum Imperium est, super quam progressa Romana virtus ultra Oceanum, alterum sibi orbem quæsivit, & in Britannia remota a confinio terrarum novam sibi invenit possessionis[49], aut ut iste +Panegyricus+[50] eleganter mentem suam explicat, Cæsar alium se orbem terrarum scripsit reperisse[51], & in Britanniam transjecisse exercitum, alterum pene imperio nostro, ac suo quærens orbem[52], non oblitur alibi ita Constantinum Magnum alloqui: gloriare tu vero, Cæsar invicte! alium te orbem terrarum peperisse[53]. Demum +Nennius+ noster narrat, in extremo limite orbis Britanniæ esse Orcaniam insulam[54]. Unde hæ orbis particulæ, Orbis vocabulum traxerunt, ex +Aristotele+ discere poterit Lector, ad quem eum, prolixitatis evitandæ gratiæ, remitto[55].

_Insula_, &c.] Primis Græcorum Romanorumque ne esse quidem compertum fuit: posteriores in controversiam adduxerunt, continensne ea terra, an vero insula esset, multaque de utroque opinione conscripta sunt ab iis, qui certi quidem nihil noverunt, quippe qui nec vidissent, nec ab indigenis, qualis esset, accepissent, sed conjecturis tantum, quantum vel otii vel studii singulis aderat, niterentur. Successu temporis, prius quidem sub J. Agricola Proprætore[56], deinde sub Severo Imperatore, liquido deprehensum esse insulam[57].

_Octingentis M. P. longa porrigitur._] Hæc longitudo Britanniæ a +M. Vipsanio Agrippa+ tributa, cujus mentionem injicit +C. Plinius Secundus+[58], sequentibus ipsum +Julio Solino+[59], +Martiano Capella+[60], +Paulo Orosio+[61], +Æthico+[62], +Gilda+ sapiente[63], venerabili +Beda+[64], +Nennio+ Banchorensi[65], & pluribus aliis, quæ supra 730 milliaria Anglicana Statutaria, vel Regia, efficit. Hæc longitudo quamvis reperiatur nimia, ad veritatem tamen proximius accedit, illa, quam +Jornandes+ Episcopus (ex Cassio Dione[66] exhibet, longitudine, qui eam VII. M. CXXXII. Stadia extendi ferri narrat[67], i. e. DCCCXCI. milliarium Romanorum cum dimidio, aut minoris aliquantum fuisse extensionis, quam 820 nostrorum milliarium. quippe inde ab Ocrino (_Lizard Point_) extremo meridionali promontorio, usque ad Orcadem extremum, _Dungsby_ (vel potius _Dunnet_[68]) _head_, maxime versus Boream vergentem sint 590 milliaria Regia, secundum recentissimas & fide dignissimas relationes, quæ non prorsus DCL Milliaria Romana efficiunt. Mappæ geographicæ seculi prioris[69] longitudinem ad 50, aliæ 75, & aliæ 120 plus minus milliaria, majorem extendunt, id est ad DCC Millia passuum.

_In Caledonicum promuntorium_, &c.] Extremitas Caledoniæ +Ricardi+ nostri[70] potius intelligenda est, de toto angulo[71] boreali Scotiæ. scilicet, Rossia, Sutherlandia, Cathenesia, Strath-navernia cum vicinis regiunculis, quæ eis subsunt, quam de singulari quodam promontorio. Monachus noster semper in syllaba secunda ad morem plurium Monachorum adhibet U, qui scribendi mos, ceu maxime genuinus assumitur, a +Is. Vossio+[72] ac +Gronoviis+ in iis, quas nobis dedere, Pomponii Melæ editionibus, certe optimis, in quibus semper promuntorium cum U in secunda syllaba reperies; quas, si lubuerit, consulas[73].

II. _Veteres Britanniam_, &c.[74]] Quodnam antiquissimum & genuinum Magnæ Britanniæ inter tot varias appellationes, quibus ab extraneis propriisque incolis insignita fuit, nomen fuerit, inventu est perquam difficile, præsertim nostro, quo adeo longe distamus, tempore; etenim, ut docent verba auctoris, & nos etiam deinceps[75] evidenter explicabimus, omnes insulæ in vicinia sitæ commune nomen +Britannicarum+ habuere. Ut plurimæ aliæ regiones sic & hæc nomen suum a primo ejus conditore hausit, verum autem quis hic fuerit, æque ignotum, ac nomen, de quo quæritur. Tantum ex paucis, qui nobis supersunt, Scriptoribus novimus, quod fuerit appellata his nominibus: BRITANNIA, ALBION[76], +Hyperborea+[77], +Atlantia+[78], +Cassiteris+[79], ROMANIA[80], nec non +Thule+[81], quæ nomina a Phœnicibus Græcis & Romanis ipsi data fuere, sed quodnam aut an ullum illorum sit genuinum incertum adeo est, ut verear ne nunquam satis demonstrari possit. ALBION & BRITANNIA jus antiquitatis sibi vindicant, cum apud Poëtas Britannos, seu +Bardos+ ejusdem sub nominibus +Alban+, vel +Alben+, +Inis Wen+[82], sive +Insulæ Albæ+[83] & +Prydæn+[84] fiat mentio. ALBION antiquissimum censetur, quamtumvis nullum horum nominum sit illud, in quod inquirimus, cum Romanis bene nota fuerint. e contrario vero, si in re tanti momenti testimonio +Dionis Cassii+ sides habenda est, Britannorum Regina BONDUICA affirmet, Romanorum sapientissimos verum nomen (indigenarum) ignorasse[85]. Hinc forte investigandum erit nomen, aliud a supradictis. interea de singulis hic allegatis nobis erit sermo.

_Primum Albionem_, &c.[86]]. Ni ita dicta fuerit ab +Albione+ Conditore vel Debellatore ejus, quem quidem Albionem Neptuni filium fuisse asserunt[87], certe ratio sit gravis hanc appellationem rejiciendi adesse videtur, cum certum sit ac evictum, totam insularum classem, tempore Aristotelis[88], & verosimiliter jam diu ante ipsum, Britannicarum nomen gessisse. Præterea, si etiam ab albis rupibus a Phœnicibus sic fuerit nuncupata, nil tamen ex eo sequitur, quam quod fuerit nomen impositum, neutiquam genuinum, nisi affirmemus, cum quibusdam aliis[89], Phœnices fuisse primos hanc regionem incolentes, quod, antequam sufficienter fuerit demonstratum, pro evicto assumere nullus potero. Attamen admissa hac opinione, detectis metallifodinis stanno ברת־אנך‏‎[90] _Barat-anac_, id est _agrum_ seu _terram stanni_ & plumbi, eos sine dubio dixisse, idque nomen omnibus circumjacentibus insulis dedisse, cum omnes fere ejusdem naturæ & conditionis sint, tanta gaudet verisimilitudine, ut ulteriori indagine originis nominis +Cassiteridis+, minime opus videatur. Notum enim est, Græcos ei id nominis dedisse[91], cum eundem, quem præcedens habeat significatum & Κασσίτερον indigitet _stannum_, uti hoc probabit +Plinius+[92] & prolixius +Bochartus+[93]. Phœnices autem, me judice, non fuere primi incolæ, verum tantum mercatores, primi in has partes mercatum proficiscentes, suaque ibi erigentes emporia, (_Factories_) quemadmodum hodie Europæi in oris maritimis Africæ simile faciunt, sequitur hinc, nomen quodcunque, ejusque generis nomina ab extraneis regioni imposita, longe abesse a genuino a nativis incolis indito, ex istorum lingua nullo modo derivando. Quod in totum destruit speciosas a +Cambdene+[94], +Baxtero+[95], & +Somnero+[96] factas derivationes, licet hucusque receptas maximo cum applausu. Verum errari in his omnibus, dies absque dubio, cum nomen e lingua incolarum vernacula originem trahat, sitque purum putum Britannicum; posito autem me eo acquiescere, non tamen inde sequitur, hæc nomina Britannica a nativis gentibus imposita esse, peregrini potius advenientes, ad quæstiones incolis, aut Gallis datas, responsa accipientes inde ita appellandi occasionem sumsere, cum eorum linguam Phœnices calluisse nullus credendi locus, hincque signis mentem suam explicaverint necesse est. Sic manu significantibus Britanniam, nomenque sciscitantibus, alii eos _altas rupes_ cretaceas intellectas credentes, respondere: +Alben+, vel +Brytin+, atque ea ratione e vocabulis _Al_, _Alp_, _Ben_, _Pen_, _Bryd_, _Pryd_, _Bryt_, _Tin_, vel _Dyn_, diversos significatus admittentibus[97], plurimæ aliæ pro diversitate ingeniorum quibus responsa dabantur, oriri potuerunt rerum & regionum appellationes, quæ pro nominibus insulæ habitæ, auctoritate donatæ ad nostra servatæ sunt tempora. non absimili modo Peru, Jucatan, Paria, tres regiones Americæ eminentiores nomina accepere, quod doctissimus +Raleius+ affirmat & asseverat[98], etenim Hispani digitis trans fluvium sitas terras innuentibus, & primæ regionis nomen quærentibus, Indi regessere: _Peru_, quod forte nomen hujus amnis erat, aut _aquam_ in genere denotabat in lingua his vernacula. Jucatan nec aliud quicquam significat, quam, _Quid ais? quid tibi vis?_ ita enim Hispanis, rogantibus nomen loci, Barbaros (cum non intelligerant) respondisse ferunt, idque responsum Hispanos in nomen loci transtulisse. Tertiam quod attinet regionem, eodem ista modo nomen est sortita. cum Hispani de nomine regionis quærerent, manu montes excelsos monstrantes, quidam incolarum _Paria_ respondit, quo vocabulo _Rupes_, _Montesque_ innuuntur, ut alia ejusdem farinæ exempla præteream, quorum mentionem præclarus hic auctor injicit[99], & quæ omnia ad nostrum scopum æque inservire possent. Corrupta insuper genuini nominis pronuntiatio, illud ita alterare potest, ut etymologiam omnino nullam admittat. Exempla nobis sint, ea quæ nosmet ipsi civitatibus: Corunnæ, Setubal, & Portui Liburno, tribuimus nomina, barbare eas vocantes: _the Groin_, _Saint Ubes_, _Leghorn_. Quot quæso! in linguis peregrinis voces audimus, quas ne imitari quidem, nedum accurate scribere possumus? Omiserunt ista veteres aut mutarunt nomina. Patet hoc ex hisce a +Mela+ dictis: “Cantabrorum aliquot populi amnesque sunt, sed quorum nomina nostro ore concipi nequeunt.”[100]. Nomina Britanniæ igitur a peregrinis ortum trahunt, unde genuinum nomen gentis a Regina Bonduica indicatum, inter deperdita facile numerari posset. Sic ab Oceano Atlantico, vel Hyperboreo, in quo sita est Britannia[101], ATLANTIA, & HYPERBOREA vocata; THULE, cum sit inter insulas notas ultima[102]; nomen vero ROMANÆ, Romanum plane est. Denique error est apud +Spedium+[103], +Somnerum+[104], aliosque quod assertum, quod _vocabulo gentis suæ_ ita vocari dicunt regionem, implicet Britannicum esse nomen, nil aliud indigitat, quam insulam sic a nomine incolarum vocatam, quod ex citationibus ex classicis auctoribus desumtis sat superque demonstrari potest[105]. Hac ratione incidimus in eam ab initio quæ subiit mentem, cogitationem, scilicet, an insula _Britannia_ aut _Albion_ ab incolis fuerit dicta? si unquam insula, Britannia, aut Albion ab indigenis dicta est, primo ejus Conditori, vel Subjugatori nomen debet, & in his acquiesco. Reliquæ inde, a capite omnium, appellationes suas habebunt.

_Brittaniam_, &c.] Modus scribendi nominis apud Græcos aut Βρεττανία[106], Βρεταννία[107], ἡ Βρεττανική[108], vel Πρεταννία, Πρετανία[109], Πρετανὶς[110], Βρεττανίδες νήσοι[111], Ἀλβίων[112], Ἀλουίων[113], & Ἀλουβίων[114], in optimis Latinorum scriptoribus etiam Nummis BRITANNIA & ALBION habetur, in aliis ævi inferioris +Britania+[115], in +Pausania+[116], +Beda+ & +Ricardo+ nostro +Brittania+; in +Ethelwerdo+, +Willielmo+ Malmesburiensi, +Henrico+ Huntingdunensi, +Rogero Hovedene+ &c. +Brittannia+, nec non in saxo urbis Grætz in Stiria.

+Præf. Equit. Al. Brittannicæ+[117]

Incolæ aut Βρεττανοί[118], vel Βρετανοί[119], +Britanni+, +Brittani+[120], +Britones+[121], vel +Brittones+[122] semper scribuntur; etiam ab ipsis gentis hujus scriptoribus: _Ynis Prydæn_, _Ynis Prydein_, _Ynis Prydain_, _Ynis Bryden_, _Ynis Brydain_, _Ynis Breatin_, &c. _Brith_, plur. _Brithion_ & _Brython_, &c.

_Vocarentur omnes_, &c.] +Catullus+, ni fallor, primus Romanorum est qui BRITANNIAS in plurali numero habet, in Cæsarem epig. 30.

_Hunc Galliæ timent, timent Britanniæ._

Et iterum de Acme & Septimius epigr. 46.

_Unam Septimius misellus Acmen Mavult, quam Syrias, Britanniasque._

Post ipsum +Plinius+[123] insulas Britannicas sequenti ordine enumerat: +Britannia+ & +Hibernia+, XL Orcades, VII Acmodæ, XXX Hebudes, item Mona, Monapia, Ricina, Vectis, quam errans versus occidentem sitam affirmet, [quamvis sint, qui eam insulam ab hac distinctam faciunt, eam scilicet quam Ptolemæus Ocetin vocat.] Limnus, Andros, Siambis, Axantos, deinde Glessariæ, quas Electrides Græci recentiores appellavere, nec non & Thule, Mictis, Scandia, Dumna, Bergos & Nerigon. +Johannes Chrysostomus+ in diversis locis de insulis in plurali numero loquitur, nominans eas Βρεττανικας νήσους[124].

_Brettanides insulæ jacent circa Thraciam, Duæ maximæ omnium: prima Ibernia, Et Albion post ipsam. Ipsæ aliarum primæ. Et aliæ triginta vocatæ Orcades: Et Thule proxima ipsi, alia maxima insula, In Aparctiæ flatum proxima vocata. Ex his triginta sunt Hesperides. Ad partes enim vespertinas sitæ sunt Brettaniæ_[125].

Verum cum duæ ipsarum multo majores sint ulla ex ceteris, hoc ipsum +Aristoteli+[126], +Dionysio+[127], +Agathemero+[128], +Apuleio+[129], &c. ansam præbuit, tantum harum duarum injiciendi mentionem.

_Duæ insulæ sunt Britannicæ, contra Rhenum: Illic enim extremum eructat in mare vorticem. Harum sane magnitudo immensa: neque ulla alia Insulas inter omnes Britannicis æquatur_ [æqualis est.]

Quæ sunt supra dictæ ALBION & HIBERNIA[130].

_De quibus mox paulo dicemus._] Cap. VIII. libri primi p. 98. & seq.

III. _Inter Septentriones & Occidentem_, &c.] Id est, versus Caurum, (_the Northwest_), respectu Romæ, quod bene a +Johanne Tzetza+ hoc versu expressum

_Thracias perflat Brettanorum atque Ethruscam regionem Romanosque————_[131]

Thracias vero inter Aparctiam & Argesten spirat, quem accolæ etiam Circium appellant secundum +Agathemerum+[132], & +A. Gellium+[133].

_Maxumis Europæ partibus_, &c.] Versus orientem Norwagia, Dania & Germania, ad meridiem vero Gallia & Hispania.

_Magno intervallo_, &c.] Melius hoc intuitu Mappæ geographicæ faciem Europæ exhibentis patebit, quam verbis describi poterit.

_Oceano Athlantico clauditur._] Universam ipsam terram insulam esse unicam Atlantici maris ambitu circumdatam docet +Aristoteles+[134]. Porro autem Pelagus, quod extra orbem nobis habitatum fusum est, & Atlanticum dicitur, & Oceanus a quo ipse circumluitur.

_Externis autem partibus alia cognomine gerit, Hesperius statim enim Oceanus vocatur, Et Pelagus Atlanticum, pars quædam ad occasum. Ad boream autem Saturnium & congelatum, mortuumque_[135].

Certum est Magnam Britanniam diversis temporibus mox nomen ab hoc Oceano accepisse, mox illi idem reddidisse. minimum hoc de parte Oceani Septentrionali & Occidentali, etiam ea quæ ultra Fretum Gaditanum est, valet, etenim Britanniam veterum esse Atlantiam, si unquam exstetit, pro concesso assumo. Sic habet +Adamus+ Bremensis de mari Septentrionali; (_the North Sea_) sermonem faciens[136]: ‘Egdora descendit usque in Oceanum Fresonicum, quem Romani scribunt Britannicum. inde (_the Channel_, Gallicè, _la Manche_) ad promontorium Antivestæum +Ptolemæus+, aliique Oceanum Britannicum vocant. Porro +Pomponius Mela+, natione Hispanus, Pyrenæum montem in Oceanum Britannicum procurrere dicit[137]. Et Geographus +Ravennas+, fretum Septem-Gaditanum in Oceanum Britannicum ingredi refert[138]. Quibus addimus +Ricardum+ nostrum, qui infra, Oceanum Occidentalem, Magnum illum Britannicum, qui & Athlanticus Oceanus, omnia reliqua complexum maria, appellat.[139]

IV. _à Meridie Galliam Belgicam._] Potius ab Euro.

_Cujus proximum littus_, &c.] Infra descriptam cap. VI. §. 5. & cap. VII. pag. 96.

_à Gessoriaco Morinorum Brittanicæ gentis portu_, &c.] Bononia, hodie _Boulogne_. vide infra pagina 96. Locus hic auctoris nostri non prius plene intelligi potest, donec capitis XVIImi libri IVti +Plinii+ vera lectio fuerit restituta, quam hanc esse arbitror:

_Loco communiter usitatæ lectionis._

‘Deinde Menapii, Morini, Oromansaci juncti pago, qui Gessoriacus vocatur: Britanni, Ambiani, Bellovaci, Hassi.’

_Ita legendum esse autumo._

Deinde Menapii, Morini, Pæmani[140], ac juncti pago, qui Gessoriacus vocatur, Britanni: Ambiani, Bellovaci, Essui[141].

Etenim propter defectum recti sensus loci hujus Pliniani, +Harduinus+ Hassos omittit, ac +Dionysius Vossius+ Essuos in Æduos mutat[142], cum e contrario, juxta meam emendationem, non omnia solum sint perspicua, verum & sine ulteriori meditatione ultimum caput libri IVti Plinii intellectu perquam facile reddatur, ubi verba ita sonant: ‘+Polybius+ latitudinem Europæ ab Italia ad Oceanum scripsit X̅I̅. L. (1150.) M. P. etiam tum incomperta magnitudine ejus, est autem ipsius Italiæ X̅I̅. XX. (1120.) M. ad Alpes, unde per Lugdunum ad portum Morinorum Brittanicum, qua videtur mensuram agere Polybius X̅I̅I̅I̅. XVIII. (1318). M.P.’ &c. quæ hucusque a nimine recte intellecta fuere. Quomodo, & quo tempore hi +Britanni+ in Galliam venerunt, superest, ut inquiramus. Cæsar qui data occasione omnes Gallorum nationes enumerat, de Britannis tacet, neque de portu ipsorum Gessoriaco loquitur, unde jure concludimus, eos Cæsaris tempore ibi non fuisse. +Dionysius+ Characenus videtur primus, qui eos hoc versu nominat[143]:

_————ubi Britanni, Albæque gentes habitant martiorum Germanorum, Hercyniæ sylvæ prætersalientes montes_, &c.

Quod ejus commentator +Eustathius+ Thessalonicensis Archiepiscopus ad Britannos continentem terram incolentes pertinere explicat, ita verba faciens:[144] “Britannorum autem nomen ferentes sunt e regione Britannicæ insulæ.” Hic Dionysius a +Plinio+ lib. IV. cap. +XXVII.+ vocatus est terrarum orbis situs recentissimus auctor. unde patet, quod hi Britanni non diu ante sedem ibi fixerint, atque Gessoriacum æedificaverint, an vero armorum violentia factum sit, vel absque ferro, ulteriori disquisitioni reliquendum erit.

_Millium_ L. &c.] Videatur auctor noster cap. VII. p. 96.

_Ut quidam scripsere stadiorum_ CCCCL.] +Antoninus+ in Itinerariis, & +Dio Cassius+[145]; juxta demensiones recentiores mensurant 39 milliaria Regia seu CCCL. Stadia a Bononia, (_Boulogne_) usque eo, ubi olim Ritupis sita erat.

_Illinc conspiciuntur Brittones_, &c.] E portu _Ambleteuse_, qui veterum est Iccius, ora Angliæ opposita, in linea recta tantum 26 milliaria Regia distans, ut ex dimensionibus exactis constat, tota perfecte conspici potest.

_Virgilius Maro._] Latinos inter Poëtas princeps, in Ecloga prima v. 67.

V. _Agrippa vetus orbis descriptor._] Juliæ Oct. Augusti Cæsaris filiæ maritus: Primus videtur inter Romanos qui corpus Geographiæ conscripsit. Fundavit is Romæ PANTHEON, veram omnis bonæ architecturæ epitomen: De eo ejusque Commentariis +Plinius+ hoc perhibet testimonium[146]: ‘+Agrippam+ quidem in tanti viri diligentia, præterque in hoc opere cura, orbem cum terrarum orbi spectandum, propositurus esset, errasse quis credat, & cum eo Divum +Augustum+? Is namque complexam eam porticum ex destinatione & commentariis M. Agrippa a sorore ejus inchoatam peregit.’ Nummi ejus in curiosorum reperiuntur Musæis, in quibus corona navali coronatus cernitur[147], juxta illud +Dionis+ lib. XLIX. p. 400.

_Latitudinem ejus_ CCC.] Latitudo hæc ab +Agrippa+ assignata e traditionibus Græcis desumta est, satisque bene respondet, si illa sumitur, quæ inter oram Walliæ & Norfolciæ est, quæ sola latitudo tres circini mensuras permittit, aliæ omnes latitudines Britanniæ adeo sunt irregulares, mappam geographicam, perspiciatur. Dio minimum latitudinem CCC stadiorum esse perhibet[148].

_Beda vero rectius_ CC.] Errat hic +Ricardus+. Verba proprie non sunt ipsius +Bedæ+, verum e +Gilda+ mutuata[149], qui iterum ea ex +Æthico+[150], +Orosio+[151], &c. hausit. documentum hoc est inter plura alia, quæ allegari possent, satis sufficiens, eum numquam vidisse Gildam. +Dio Cassius+[152] & +Jornandes+ Episcopus latitudinem ad MMCCCX. Stadia figit[153], quæ æqualia 28875 passibus geometricis vel CCLXXXIX mill. Rom. +Marcianus+ Heracleota aliam operandi viam ingressus, latitudinem Britanniæ ita metitur: ‘Latitudo autem ejus (Albionis) incipit quidem juxta Damnonium, quod dicitur etiam Ocrinum promontorium; desinit vero ad Novantum Chersonesum, & ejusdem nominis promontorium; adeo ut latitudo ejus juxta maximam lineam sit stadiorum MMMLXXXIII. id est CCCLXXXVI. M. P. plus minus[154].

_Diversorum promuntoriorum_, &c.] Quales sunt _Cornwal_, _Pembrokeshire_, _Carnarvonshire_, &c.

_Quadragies octies Septuaginta quinque M. P._] Verba reperiuntur in +Beda+[155], +Isidoro+ Hispalensi[156], +Julio Solino+[157], &c. Commentator hujus vetus ita verba Soliniana explicat[158]: ‘Circuitus Britanniæ quadragies octies LXXV. sunt. si quis voluerit ipsius circuitus mensuram scriptam ab Julio facilius intelligere ccc d cccc es, sive d cccc cccc es fore cognoscat. Sed si alicui tardanti ingenio hæc dimensio non satisfecerit, miliarios lapides esse fingat, in quibus XXX[159] lapidum, & d c simpliciter lapides fieri quis dubitabit?’ Sequitur hunc forsitan +Ricardus+ noster Cap. II. 5. cum doctissimo +D. Smith+[160], qui in iis, quas in Bedæ paginam 40 concinnavit notas, explicat per tria millia sexingenta milliaria; error hic est in quem plures alii viri, cetroquin optimi incidere. Duas priores figuras in ultimas ducere videntur, quod nunquam ab ullo Romanorum auctore intendi novi cum certissimis. Subintellectum tantum voluere vocabulam _centena_, & hunc in modum scripsere X̅L̅V̅I̅I̅I̅. LXXV. modus loquendi erat, quasi nostra lingua diceremus (4875) _Forty eight hundred seventy five miles_, vel Germanice: =Acht und vierzig hundert, fünf und siebenzig.= Ast cum maximus commentatorum numerus hoc non attenderit, inde maxima editionum Plinii pars, immo omnes, confusæ reperiuntur, quippe lineolam primis litteris superimpositam, quæ centenarium indigitat numerum millenarium indicare, præcario assumunt. Legitur hinc in Plinio XIII. M. XVIII. (13018.) loco X̅I̅I̅I̅. XVIII. (1318.) quo ipso, toto cœlo a vero distant. Methodum meam rectissimam esse apparet, si +Capellam+ cum +Plinio+ cujus ille fidus est transcriptor, conferimus nulla sane de certitudine ejusdem mihi superest dubium, quicquid alii in contrarium scripserunt, cum +Plinium+ ipsum a partibus meis habeam, ita dicentem: ‘Universum Orbis circuitum +Eratosthenes+, ducentorum quinquaginta duorum millium Stadium prodidit. quæ mensura Romana computatione efficit trecenties quindecies centena millia passuum[161].’ Et verum id quidem, nam Stadium CXXV passibus constat[162]. proinde si 252,000 per 125 multiplices, fiunt 31500,000 passuum.

_Marcianus author Græcus._] Auctor supranominatus, ex Heraclea Ponti oriundus, unde Heracleota dictus, reliquit nobis Periplum percuriosum, quem +Hudson+ noster lingua Græca, addita versione sua Latina, publici juris fecit. Reperies illum in volumine I. Geographiæ veteris scriptorum Græcorum minorum, Oxonii e Theatro Sheldon. 1698. 8. quæ de insulis Britannicis habet ex +Ptolemæo+ & +Protagora+ desumta videntur. Locus vero quem +Ricardus+ noster refert, est pag. 59. ubi universa, inquit, ‘peripli totius Albionis insulæ stadia non plura 28604. id est 3575. M. P. & dimidium, non pauciora stadiis 20526. sive 2576. M. P. fere,’ inde patet auctorem nostrum majorem numerum recepisse.

+mdiↄↄlxxv+ _milliaria_.] Qui Monachus noster in hunc mirum computum inciderit, non video, cum nunquam simile quid invenerim. Mentem ejus capere non potuissem, ni +Marcianum+ in hoc sibi consentientem appellasset. Jam auctor hic, ut nuper dictum, duplum affert numerum, quorum maximus 3575 Milliaria cum dimidio complectitur. unde liquet M.D. a numero +iↄↄlxxv.+ subtrahenda esse sic: 5075 − 1500 = 3575.

NOTÆ IN CAP. II.

I. _Brittania Magna_, &c.] Ab +Aristide+ Rhetore simpliciter MAGNA vocata INSULA,[163] etiam a priscis Hiberniæ incolis[164]. jam vero peractis tot seculis, totque revolutionibus ac mutationibus vetus suum nomen MAGNÆ BRITANNIÆ hodie vindicavit.

_A Chrysosthomo authore Græco._] Probabiliter +Dronem+ Prusæum Chrysostomum cognominatum celebrem Oratorem putat, contemporaneum Trajano Imperatori, ejusque triumphi participem[165], qui in Geticis suis, vel aliis operibus jam deperditis id assertum ivit. In epitome Strabonis a +Hudsone+ publicata Vol. II.[166] epitheton Magnæ reperio pag. 21 & 38. additum ab Epitomatore. verum inde concludere Chrysostomum hunc appellari nimiæ foret audaciæ. verum est, +Johannem Chrysostomum+ in plurimis scriptis suis Britannicarum insularum injicere mentionem, nusquam vero adjunxit Britanniæ ipsi cognomen Magnæ, nisi aciem oculorum meorum effugerit[167].

_Natura triquetra_, &c.] ‘Inter Septemtrionem & Occidentem projecta, grandi angulo Rheni ostia prospicit, deinde obliqua retro latera abstrahit, altero Galliam, altero Germaniam spectans: tum rursus perpetuo margine directi littoris ab tergo abducta, iterum se in diversos angulos cuneat triquetra, & Siciliæ maxime similis, plana, ingens, fecunda,’ &c.[168]. Opinio a +Cæsare+ accepta[169], & plurimis, qui eum sequuntur, auctoribus propagata, verbi causa, a +Diodoro+[170], +Strabone+[171], &c.

_Unum latus est contra Galliam Celticam_, &c.] Id est, tota Britanniæ ora Meridionalis ad Canalem Britannicum sita & Galliæ opposita, juxta verba auctoris, ex +Cæsare+[172] desumta.

_Ad Cantium_, &c.] Infra lib. I. cap. VI. § 5. & 7. describitur; vulgo, _the North Foreland of Kent_.

_Ad Ocrinum_, &c.] Infra lib. I. cap. VI. § 16. ejus mentionem facit, hodie _the Lizard Point_, navigantibus notissimum.

_Ad meridiem & Hispaniam Tarracon:_] Revera ita est, vergit enim in linea recta ad _Cabo de las Pennas_. Illustrat hoc +Agathemerum+, qui lib. II. cap. IV. de Geographia, ita loquitur: ‘Albion, in qua castra etiam exstructa, maxima et longissima est. siquidem incipiens a septentrionibus accedit medium Tarraconensis, ad orientem usque ad media ferme Germaniæ.’

_Millia Pass._ D.] Secundum dimensiones recenter factas 367 milliaria Anglicana Regia dimensa[173], quæ CCCC Romana efficiunt, hæc longitudo est lateris, quam +Ricardus+ noster infra ei tribuit. Attamen illa a +Cæsare+ tradita longitudo non est nimia, parumque a vero aberrans, si per ambages oras maritimas mensuraverimus, respectu ejus quam +Diodorus+ exhibet VII. M. D. Stadiorum[174], aut DCCCC.XXXVII. milliarium cum dimidio, aut +Strabonis+ VM. Stadiis[175], quæ tamen DCXXV. milliaria Romana sunt.

II. _Alterum latus_, &c.] Latus Occidentale Britanniæ.

_Vergit ad Hyberniam_, &c.] Cum e diametro oppositum sit oris occidentalibus Albionis.

_Veterum opinio_, &c.] +Cæsar+ ita habet: ut fert illorum opinio[176], vel Britannorum, vel potius mercatorum, aut Druidum Gallicorum, certus sum, eum hoc e Græcis non hausisse scriptoribus.

DCC. _Mill. Pass._] +Diodorus+ Siculus vocat hoc ultimum latus, ejusque longitudini ascribit XXM stadia[177] vel MMD. M. P. +Ricardus+ infra in proxima sectione M. milliarium esse dicit, & +Strabo+ unicuique lateri Britanniæ circiter IVM.CCC vel IVM.CCCC. stadia assignat[178]. Si per ambages computamus, longissimum omnino latus insulæ est, licet non excedat 1070 milliaria.

III. _Septemtriones._] Notissima septentrionalis constellatio, ab astronomis Ursa major dicta, quam, +Homero+ auctore,

_Ursamque, quam & Plaustrum cognomine vocant, Quæ ibidem vertitur & Oriona observat: Sola autem expers est undarum Oceani_[179].

_Cui parti nulla est objecta_, &c.] Scilicet toti insulæ acervo hodie sub nominibus _Orkney_, _Hitland_, & _Ferro_, noto.

_Ad Germaniam magnam_, &c.] Ita a Græcis dictam. comprehendebat hæc hodiernum Germaniæ Imperium, Belgium, Daniam, Norvegiam, &c.

_Novantum chersoneso._] Descriptam hanc vide Cap. IV. § 40. hodie _the Mule of Galloway_ in Scotia. locus maximæ versus meridiem vergens, quem credidere extremam partem septentrionalem hujus Regni falso veteres[180]. Ita eos emendavimus.

_Per Taixalorum regionis angulum._] Similiter descriptum infra cap. VI. 46. hodie _Buchaness_.

DCCC. _M. P._ &c.] Quod +Diodorus+ alterum a freto ad verticem assurgens latus, stadium XVM. habere dicit[181]. id est, MDCCCLXXV. Mill. pass. quod erroneè Monachus noster ad MMCC. evehit, qua nisus auctoritate, non constat.

_Omnes_, &c.] Certe non alius, præter Cæsarem ejusque sequaces vel transcriptores. +Cæsar+ vero, quod notatu dignum est, a Druidibus didicit, etenim vicies centena Mill. pass. ab hoc Imperatore assignatus circuitus complectitur[182], nullum vero ipso tempore posteriorum invenimus in hoc ipsi consentientem, licet is proxime ad veritatem accesserit, immo +Diodorus+ ipsi contemporaneus 5312½ M. P. statuit[183]. +Strabo+, Augusto imperante florens 1712½ habet[184], verum, quod dolendum! textus totus est corruptus, & mutilatus in hac descriptione, quod ex ejusdem libro secundo videri potest, ex quo etiam textus partim supplendus[185]. +Plinius+ sub Vespasiano, ex +Isidoro+ Characeno tricies octies viginti quinque[186], aut 3825 M. P. habet. Sequitur ipsum fideliter +M. Capella+[187]. In +Solino+, qui Constantini tempore vixit, quadragies octies septuaginta quinque (ut supra) leguntur[188], quod ex errore +Ricardus+ noster MMMCCCCCC interpretatur. +Pytheas+ Massiliensis ambitum insulæ majorem esse XLM. Stadia seu 5000 M. P. secundum Strabonem[189], quod monstrat Plinium emendandum esse, ubi Pythiæ computum Isidori calculo æqualem dicit[190], vel potius hunc, ni utrumque omisit.

_Sed errant_, &c.] Atque in id genus rebus vix atque vix ulla est via evitandi errores. Rationem cur & veteres & recentiores in emetiendo regionum circuitus dissentientes adeo inveniamus, indicat nobis +Plinius+ dicens[191].—‘quæ causa magnos errores computatione mensuræ sæpius parit & dum alibi mutato provinciarum modo, alibi itinerum auctis aut diminutis passibus, incubuere maria tam longo ævo, alibi processere littora, torsere se & fluminum aut correxere flexus. Præterea aliunde aliis exordium mensuræ est, & alia meatus: ita fit, ut nulli duo concinant.’

CCCC. _M. P._] Distantia hæc, si de ea quæ in linea recta promontoria duo, quorum facta est mentio, interjacet, exactissima omnium, quarum mentionem injiciunt veteres, videtur esse; verum si dimensio intelligitur, quæ ad Canalem sitæ sunt, orarum maritimarum, manifesto nimis parva est, & correctio locum heic non habet, cum accurata congruat cum D. M. P. Cæsaris. Doct. +N. Grew+ asserit, inde a promontorio meridionali Cantii, _the South Foreland_, ad promontorium Antivestæum, _the Land’s End_, esse 367 perambulatore mensurata (_wheel-measured_) milliaria[192], quæ plus minus æqualia sunt CCCCI. Mill. Pass.

_M. Mill. Pass._ &c.] Unde +Ricardus+ noster, has correctiones hauserit, nisi ex scholiis quibusdam +Cæsaris+, +Solini+, +Bedæ+, &c. conjecturatu perquam difficile, præcipue cum ipsum Cap. I. § 5. cum +Marciano+ Heracleota consentientem, jam vero dissentientem videamus, etenim auctor, ut supra[193] diximus, distantiam, quæ in linea recta est Ocrinum inter & Novantum 386 M. P. ponit id quod Monachus noster ad 1000 evehit, qui numerus fere triplo major est. Quod ad totum, quem statuit, circuitum numeris rotundis MMMCCCCCC complexum attinet, cum tantum ad XXV. M. P. excedat priorem 3575 milliarium nullam meretur ista differentia attentionem, me judice Benedictinus noster fidelis videtur compilator, & bono animo præditus, verum talis, qui nunquam ultimam limam admovit commentariolo suo, licet memoriæ minus fideli laborasse nec accuratum satis fuisse non credam, defectus vero istius rationem disceptationem eum inter & Antistitem suum, de qua terminis satis patheticis loquitur pagina 95, 103, & 106, fuisse credo. Inde constat, cur Silures Hispaniam versus habitare doceat, in quo +Tacito+ sequitur[194], verum persuasus sum, si opus suum attente reviserit, +Mappam+ ejus ipsi errorem omnem eripuisse. verum autem vero, quid dicatur in excusationem celebris cujusdam auctoris ex recentioribus, qui Herculis promontorium in parte Devoniæ versus Caurum (_the North West_) collocat, narratque illud a situ in hac insulæ parte, quæ Herculis columnas seu Gades respicit (eodem jure Caput bonæ spei dixisset) nomen cepisse[195]. Attamen si de Ocrino dixisset illud, ejus in gratiam, licet impropriissime dictum, admittere tamen potuissemus.

IV. _Formam totius Brittaniæ_, &c.] Formæ regionibus tributæ mere sunt imaginariæ, e fructifera spectatorum imaginatione resultantes, cum ipsæ propter inæqualitates partium perfectæ figuræ sint incapaces. Sic ubi videmus +Strabonem+ Orbem universum chlamydi assimilare[196], +Dionysium+ eum fundæ similem fingere[197], +Strabonem+ Hispaniæ pellis bovinæ speciem ascribere[198], +Polybium+ Italiæ formam trigoni, +Plinium+ & +Solinum+ querno folio similem referre[199], +Livium+ Britanniæ nostræ scutulæ figuram[200], +Fabium+ bipennis[201], & +Alsherif Aledresy+ (aut Geographum Nubiensem) Strutiocameli similitudinem tribuere[202], condonare illis, æquique & boni illud consulere decet, nec iis solum verum & recentioribus qui Angliam, armum ovillum (_a shoulder of mutton_) Galliam, uropygium bovis (_a rump of beef_) Hiberniam, peltam Amazonicam; Islandiam, assellum (_a stock fish_) insigne hujus insulæ; Cimbricam chersonesum, linguam caninam; Belgium, leonem exsilientem; Italiam, ocream; totam Europam, virginem; Americam, clepsydram, &c. representare dicunt.

_Sed Cæsare_, &c.] Ita etiam +Diodorus+ Siculus[203], +Strabo+ Cappadox[204], +Pomponius Mela+[205], &c. eam triquetræ vel triquadræ dixere similem; quod licet non omnino stricte satis congruat, attamen optime hac figura geometrica complexam dixeris. Linea a Cantio ad Antivestæum ducta est basis 367 milliarium, duplum hujus longitudinis detur utrique cruri in _Ferro Head_ promontorio, sive _Cape Wreath_ terminato, △ isosceles 1835 milliarium mensuratorum in circuitu complectens habes, monstrans geometricum circuitum Magnæ Britanniæ, tantum ad unum milliare a celeberrimi +Cambdeni+ computo aliis operationibus nixo[206], differentem, quod ipsum notatu est dignissimum. Palam est figuram hanc totam superficiem insulæ continere 134689 milliaribus quadratis, cum, quæ in mari exstant, partes cum iis quæ mari ingressum permittunt, accuratissime mire congruant. Additur jam superficies unius cruris, propter crenatas orarum incisiones, quod, experientia teste, nimium non est, integer circuitus Albionis geographicus prodibit æqualis 2569 milliaribus Regiis: sive vicies octies centenis novem millibus passuum, id est 2809 milliaribus Romanis, quod mihi cogitandi ansam præbet, +Plinii+ tricies octies vigintiquinque M. P. corrigenda esse[207], ut sint vicies octies vigintiquinque, tuncque remanet tantum differentia XVI. M. P. quam pro nihilo omnino reputare licet.

V. _Si Ptolemæo_, &c.] +Claudius Ptolemæus+ Astronomus & Geographus celeberrimus, (Patriæ Pelusiota), qui & Alexandrini nomen fert, non quod Alexandriæ natus sit, sed quia observationes suas ibi instituit. +Ricardus+ noster simul cum aliis Monachis eum Regem Ægypti facit[208]. scripsit ille IIX libros Geographiæ, quibus aliorum sui temporis errores correxit. Liber II. III. IV. V. & VI. si non integrum opus, videntur non esse nisi corrupta & jejuna epitome, rationes, quæ huc faciunt, non sunt hujus loci, innituntur vero, iis, quæ occurrunt in +Marciano Jornande+[209], +Ravennate+, &c.

_Litteram Z sed inversam_, &c.] Hoc ipsissimum illud videtur, quod +Tacitus+ supra, per immensum & enorme spatium indigitat, +Cæsar+que innuit, dicens, lateris orientis angulum maxime ad Germaniam spectare[210], quæ opinio in tantum invaluit, ut etiam ad seculum XLV tum firma manserit. Apparet hoc ex illo +Gemmæ Frysii+, de Orbis divisione cap. IV. ‘Contendunt, inquit, hic multi, præcipue nostri sæculi, Geographi, superiorem angulum Scotiæ non eo modo in ortum prominere quemadmodum Ptolemæus ac nostri Globi descriptio habet. Verum his (quam nihil habeant, quo id edocere possint) temere fides adhibenda non est, imo ipsimet Scoti, nobis inquirentibus, in orientem solem latus extare, fessi sunt.’ Hi e Scylla Charybdin incidentes, polos mutatos esse supponunt[211], unde iis ceu melius fundamentum cum super ædificent suam Theoriam, notam meam pag. 154. N. 67. commendatam volo.

_Mapparum inspectio._] Propriam verosimiliter putat auctor, sed aliter sentiunt nostri ævi eruditi[212].

Ut caput hoc completum reddamus in describendis oris Albionis subsistimus, ut jam a +Ptolemæo+ descriptæ sunt[213], ad minimum in iis, quæ nomen ejus habent, libris, partes interiores, notasque reservaturi donec ad loca, quorsum pertinent, pervenerimus.

ALBIONIS INSULÆ BRITANNIÆ SITUS.

Septentrionalis lateris descriptio, quod alluit Oceanus, qui vocatur Deucaledonius. Novantum Chersonesus, & ejusdem nominis promontorium habet Longit. 21 00 Lat. 61 40 _Mull of Galloway_ Rerigonius Sinus 20 30 60 45 _Loch Rian_ Vidotara Sinus 21 20 60 30 _Air Bay_ Clota æstuarium 22 15 59 40 _Clyd Mouth_ Lelannonius Sinus 24 00 60 40 _Loch Fyn_ Epidium promont. 23 00 60 40 _Mull of Cantyr_ *Longi fluv. ostia 24 00 60 40 _Loch Long_ Itys fluv. ostia 27 00 60 00 _Loch Etyf_ Volsas Sinus 29 00 60 30 _Loch Yoll_ Nabæi fluv. ostia 30 00 60 30 _Navern River_ Tarvedum, quod Orcas promontorium 31 20 60 15 _Dungsby Head_ Occidentalis lateris descriptio, quod Ibernicus ac Vergivius alluit Oceanus. Post Novantum Chersonesum quæ habet 21 00 61 40 _Mull of Galloway_ Abravanni fluv. ost. 19 20 61 00 _Glenluce Bay_ Jenæ æstuarium 19 00 60 30 _Wigtown Bay_ Devæ fluv. ostia 18 00 60 00 _Dee River_ Novii fluv. ostia 18 20 59 30 _Nith River_ Ituna æstuarium 18 30 58 45 _Eden Mouth, or Solway Fyrth_ Moricambe æstuar. 17 30 58 20 _Can River Mouth._ Setantiorum portus 17 20 57 45 _Lancaster._ ° ´ ° ´ Belisama æstuarium 17 30 57 20 _Ribble River_ Seteia æstuarium 17 00 57 00 _Mersey River_ Toisobii fluv. ost. 15 40 56 20 _Conwey River_ Cancanorum prom. 15 00 56 00 _Brachypult Point_ Stuciæ fluv. ostia 15 20 55 30 _Dovye River_ Tuerobii fluv. ost. 15 00 55 00 _Tyvi River_ Octapitarum prom. 14 20 54 30 _The Bishop and Clarks_ Tobii fluv. ostia 15 30 54 30 _Tovy River_ Ratostathybii fluv. ost. 16 30 54 30 _Wye River_ Sabriani æstuar. 17 20 54 30 _Severn Sea_ Vexala æstuar. 16 00 53 30 _Huntspil Water_ Herculis promont. 14 00 53 00 _Hartland Point_ Antivestæum promont, quod etiam dicitur Bolerium 11 00 52 30 _Land’s End_ Damnonium quod etiam dicitur Ocrinum promontor. 12 00 51 30 _Lizard Point_ Reliqui Meridionalis lateris descriptio, quod Britannicus Oceanus alluit. Post Ocrinum promontorium Cenionis fluv. ostia 14 00 51 45 _Valle River_ Tamari fluv. ost. 15 40 52 10 _Tamar River_ Isacæ fluv. ost. 17 00 52 20 _Ex River_ Alaini fluv. ost. 17 40 52 40 _Christ Church Bay_ Magnus Portus 19 00 53 00 _Portsmouth_ Trisantonis fluv. ost. 20 20 53 00 _Arundel River_ Novus Portus 21 00 53 30 _At Eastborne_ Cantium promontor. 22 00 54 00 _North Foreland_ Orientalis deinde ac australis plagæ latera, quæ Germanico alluuntur Oceano, describuntur. Post Tarvedum, quod & Orcas prom. quod dictum est Virvedrum promontorium 31 00 60 00 _Noss Head_ Berubium promontor. 30 30 59 40 _Ord Head_ Ilæ fluv. ost. 30 00 59 40 _Fyrth of Dornogh, or Tayne_ Ripa alta prom. 29 00 59 40 _Terbaert Ness_ Loxæ fluv. ost. 28 30 59 40 _Fyrth of Cromartie_ Vara æstuar. 27 30 59 40 _Fyrth of Inverness_ Tuæsis æstuar. 27 00 59 00 _Spey River_ Celnii fluv. ost. 27 00 58 45 _Dovern River_ Taizalum promontor. 27 30 58 30 _Kynaird’s Head_ Divæ fluv. ost. 26 00 58 30 _Dee River_ Tava æstuar. 25 00 58 30 _Tay River_ Tinnæ fluv. ost. 24 30 58 45 _Edin River_ Boderia æstuar. 22 30 58 45 _Fyrth of Forth_ Alauni fluv. ost. 21 40 58 30 _Alne River_ Vedræ fluv. ost. 20 10 58 30 _Were River_ Dunum Sinus 20 15 57 30 _Tees Mouth_ Gabrantuicorum portuosus sinus 21 00 57 00 _Bridlington Bay_ Ocellum promontor. 21 15 56 40 _Spurn Head_ Abi fluv. ost. 21 00 56 30 _Humber River_ Metaris æstuar. 20 30 55 40 _The Washes_ Garryeni fluv. ostia 21 00 55 20 _Yare River_ ..... Extensio, _sive_ ..... extrema 21 15 55 05 _Easton Ness_ Idumanii fluv. ost 20 10 55 10 _Bay near Maldon_ Jamissa æstuarium 20 30 54 30 _Thames Mouth_ Post quam Cantium est promontorium 22 00 54 00 _North Foreland_

PLURA ALIBI.

THE WEDDINGS.

There is an old proverb common in Somersetshire, “Stanton Drew, _a mile from_ Pensford, _another from_ Chue;” which should denote some peculiar regard and excellence in that town, and direction for the ready finding it: and in fact it highly deserves to be celebrated, upon account of that remarkable monument, vulgarly called the Weddings, whose name only is but just known to the curious and learned world. To redeem it from further obscurity, I took a journey thither from the Bath in July 1723, where calling on my friend Mr. Strachey, a worthy fellow of the Royal Society, and who has shewn his knowledge in his nice remarks upon the neighbouring coal-mines, we made mensurations of this notable work together. I find it is the most considerable remnant of the ancient Celts which I yet know, next to Stonehenge and Abury. Mr. Aubrey, that indefatigable searcher-out of antiquities, is the first that has observed it; and I believe Mr. Strachey, living near the place, is the first that measured it, since the original ground-line was stretched upon the spot. To open a more exact view of this noble antiquity, observe we that there is a little stream runs into the Avon between Bath and Bristol, called Chue, arising near here at a synonymous town, and first passes under a stone bridge at Stanton Drue, where making a pretty turn, as it were, half inclosing our monument, a little further it comes to Pensford; which is an old British name, for it is written Pennis-ford, _Pen isc_ signifying the head of the river. It was a common usage among all ancient nations, so with our ancestors, to pay a sacred reverence to the fountains of rivers, and frequently were they sought for upon religious occasions, judging a divinity must needs reside where so beneficial an element takes its rise. The road from Pensford to Chue goes along the north side of the river; and there, half a mile above, and half a mile below the bridge, lie two great stones, called Hautvil’s Coyts, according to the apprehension of the common people, said to be pitched there by Sir John Hautvil, of these parts, a famous champion, of whom legends are printed under the name of Sir John Hawkwell, as vulgarly pronounced. These stones now lie flat upon the ground by the road side, but said to have been standing, and much larger than they are at present; for some pieces have been knocked off. We measured that toward Pensford 13 foot long, 8 broad, and 4 thick, being a hard reddish stone. Stanton Drue church bears here south-west. What regard this has to the temple which it overlooks on the other side the river, and from higher ground, I cannot say; whether it is the remnant (together with the former) of some avenue, or whether it was carried thither, or laid for some direction to those that lived on that side the river. Repassing the bridge, and entering the inclosures east of the church which belong to a farm there, we come to the Weddings. Here is an old manor-house adjacent, which has been a castle; for the walls are crenated, and some half-moons built to it. The farm-house is an old stone building, said to have been a nunnery, probably founded by some pious lady of the manor. There is a great hall in it, open to the cieling, handsomely made of timber work, and two arched windows with mullions on each side; and all the windows of the house are arched in the same manner: at the east end is a winding stone stair-case, and near it, in the yard, an elegant stone dove-cote, round, with six buttresses. This house, with the church and that part of the grounds which is the site of our monument, is a knoll of rising ground, of an oval form, stretched out with a whole broad side against the river, half embracing it with a circular sweep, and but little space between it and the river; and that side from the river has a delicate acclivity or valley winding round it, answerable to the river. The longer _axis_ of this knoll is from north-east to south-west: the major part of it declines manifestly gently toward the river, or northward, and is finely guarded from the north winds by a ridge of hills adjacent; upon the summit of which is an ancient fortification, called Miz knoll, in the road to Bristol: this is a pleasant place, full of hedges and trees growing very tall, especially elms. The country is stoney, covered over with a reasonable _stratum_ of sandy ground, mixed with clay, which is rich enough. One would imagine this knoll was pitched upon by the founders for the sake of its figure, and because capable of giving a sufficient liability to their work: its declivity carries off the rain, always regarded in this manner of building; for that would loosen the foundations. Here is a fine large _area_ between the temples, for the rites of sacrifice, &c.

I wondered that I observed no _tumuli_, or barrows, the burying-places of the people about it, as in other cases, but suppose it owing to the goodness of the soil; for they wisely pitched upon barren ground to repose their ashes, where they could only hope to lie undisturbed: and on Mendip hills, not far off, they are very numerous. This particularly I am told of seven that are remarkable. This monument about ten years ago must have made a most noble appearance, because then perfect. It seems the nuns, and all the possessors of the estate, had left it untouched till a late tenant, for covetousness of the little space of ground they stood upon, buried them for the most part in the ground: he was justly punished, for the grass at this time will not grow over them, but withers, because there is not a sufficient depth of earth: however, for the pleasure of the curious, it is not difficult to retrieve its original figure from what remains. It is the general case of fine monuments, in their perfect state disregarded and obscure, but their ruins are caressed and adored: and this was really an elegant monument, and highly worth visiting, and claims an eminent place in the history of Celtic temples.

The monument consists of four distinct parts, three distant circles, and a cove. The stone it is composed of, is of such a kind as I have not elsewhere seen; certainly intirely different from that of the country, which is a slab kind. If any stone ever was, this would tempt one to think it factitious, though I think nothing less: it looks like a paste of flints, shells, crystals, and the like solid corpuscles crowded together and cemented, but infallibly by Nature’s artifice. The long current of years passing over it, and its most perishable parts being wasted away, leaves the rest much corroded externally, and as it were worm-eaten by dint of time: yet of itself it will stand for ever; for its texture is extremely hard, and beyond that of marble, at least those of Marlborough downs. If I have any judgement, by oft surveying these kind of works, and with a nice eye, I guess by its present appearance, and consideration of its wear, to be older than Abury and Stonehenge. One would think, from its dusky and rusty colour, that it is a kind of iron stone: it is very full of fluors and transparent crystallisations, like Bristol stones, large, and in great lumps; so that it shines eminently, and reflects the sun-beams with great lustre. I cannot but think that it is brought from St. Vincent’s rock, near the mouth of Bristol river, as Mr. Aubrey says expresly; though Mr. Strachey, who has curiously observed every thing of this kind, cannot affirm it: and if its comes no further, we may well admire at the strength and manner requisite to convey them hither over that rocky country, wholly consisting of hills, and dales, and woods: but the notion of religion fully answers all difficulties; and the founders well provided for the perpetuity of their work, in the election of their materials. I found some stone like this by the sea side, this Summer, at Southampton; and the walls of the town are mostly built of it. The stones in our work are apparently very shapely, and squared, though with no mathematical exactness, that is, not hewn with a tool, but rather, as we may suppose, broke by flints, and a great strength of hand, in those early ages, when iron tools were not found out: the greatest number of the stones are now visible, either standing, fallen, or buried in the ground by the person before mentioned; the places of such for the most part are apparent enough, the grass growing but poorly above, as we said before, so that the purpose of interring them is defeated, and more grass lost by their lying than when they stood in their places. Many may be found by knocking with one’s heel upon the spot, whence there is a sound; others, by thrusting an iron rod into the earth. The species of the stone renders it useless to be wrought up in building, especially in this country, that abounds with more manageable stone for the purpose. From the regular figures of the stones, as well as their order of positure, the eyes of a spectator would have been charmed with the sight of this work when in perfection, and the whole plain open to the view: at present they are separated by hedge-rows, yards, orchards, and the like; and the persons that laid them out have aukwardly cut them off by the middle, or by segments: the great single circle now stands in no less than three fields, and the other great concentric circles have a ditch and quickset hedge running across one side: the lesser circle is divided in the middle, one half remaining in a pasture, the other among the apple-trees in an orchard. The cove stands in the middle of another orchard by the church and farm-house, which we said was a nunnery, as tradition goes.

The idea upon which some of these stones are formed, is different from any I have observed elsewhere. Abury and Stonehenge, and all others yet come to my knowledge, are broad stones: these are square, or what we may call pilasters; I mean those of the innermost circle, or cell, of what I name the Planetary temple: the rest are all of equal dimensions, being six foot broad, nine high, and three thick; so that their base is a double cube, their length a cube and a half, which shows sufficiently that the builders of this work, as in all others of the like, studied proportion, whence beauty flows. The stones of the outer circle at Stonehenge are of the same model as to the base, but higher upon the breadth, being likewise a double cube. I understand all the while in our monument, that these are Celtic feet, for such I found them, and by that scale is the construction of the whole: also what I speak of is their measure above ground; for I did not desire to indulge a dangerous curiosity in searching how deep they are set in the ground, which has been too fatal already in these antiquities.

[Sidenote: TAB. LXXVIII.]

The four parts which make up this monument, as we said, are the cove, two single circles, and a quincuple circle. The cove, as most commonly, consists of three stones, set in a half-moon figure, or, to be more exact, upon the end of an _ellipsis_, whose _focus_, I suppose, would be in a line upon the foremost edges of the two wings. This is situate in the south-west part of the oval knoll of ground that contains the whole; at present in an orchard south of the church, and west of the nunnery before mentioned. The wings are standing, but much diminished by age or violence; some great pieces being broke off: the stone on the back is fallen down, being a larger one: it is 13 foot long, and 8 broad; therefore of the same dimensions with Hautvil’s Coyt, before spoken of. This cove opens to the south-east. Four hundred foot from this, going eastward, and with an angle of 20 degrees southward, in another orchard east of the dove-cote, is a lesser single circle, which is 120 foot diameter: this stands upon the southern side of the knoll, and consists of 12 stones, consequently set at the interval of 30 foot, the same as those of the circles at Abury. Here are all the stones left upon the spot, but prostrate, half being within the hedge, half without. This I call the Lunar Temple. This circle is the same diameter and number of stones with the inner circles of the two temples in the work at Abury. Five hundred foot distant from this, going north-easterly, viz. with an angle of 20 degrees northerly from the east, and across the orchard, and a pasture, is the circumference of the greater single circle: the centre of it is in the next pasture to the north-east: it is 300 foot in diameter, and composed of 30 stones, set at the distance of 30 foot, as before: about 20 of the stones are remaining, but of that number only three standing. The whole circle is contained in three pastures: the plain on which it stands descends gently toward the river, and keeps it constantly dry. But 30 foot from this circle is the circumference of the outer circle of the quincuple one, or five concentric circles, the centre whereof is in an angle of 20 degrees more southerly from the line that connects the centres of the two single circles; so that it bears a little northerly of the east from the solar circle. The manner of thus conjoining five circles in one is very extraordinary, and what I have no where else met withal; and its primitive aspect must have had as remarkable an effect, by the crebrity of the stones, as their intervals: and, upon moving towards them, or sideways, they must have created the same beautiful and surprising appearance to the eye, as the more learned architects have endeavoured by the multiplicity of columns in their portico’s, _forums_, and the like, of which Vitruvius speaks: yet I think, in my judgement, this circular work must needs vastly have exceeded, in this particular, those most celebrated works of the Greeks and Romans; because in a strait walk there is but always the same variety (if we may talk so) presented to the eye; whereas in ours, the circles not being exactly at the same distance from one another as the stones are, and therefore not confining themselves to so strict a regularity, it must have heightened that agreeable diversification. It is very obvious, that the compilers used art and consideration in adjusting the diameters with the number of the stones, and that one circle should not be vastly disproportionate to another: thus the outermost circle is 310 foot in diameter; therefore it receives 32 stones at 30 foot interval: the next is 250 in diameter, with 28 stones: the next, 230; consequently requires 22 stones to complete it: the next is 150 foot in diameter, consisting of 16 stones: the innermost is 90, therefore has 9 stones; but then two of them are crowded together, and set at an angle a little obtuse, so that they form a sort of niche, or cove, of a different manner from any other. Several of these stones are fallen, several stand; which may be better understood by surveying the drawings, than by a tedious recapitulation: therefore I took different views of the work hereabouts, where it is most intire, that in after-times, by comparing the prints with the life, the difference may appear, if any shall be; but I hope they ever will be useless to those that view the place itself, and that the owners of the estate will preserve the monument for the glory of their country.

[Illustration: 78·2ᵈ.

_The_ Cove _at_ Stanton Drew

_Stukeley del._]

[Illustration: 83·2ᵈ.

+Celtic+ Temples

Biscaw wn _in Cornwal_

Meineir gwyr _Carmardynshire_.

Maen yu daus _In Maddern Parish in Cornwall_]

[Illustration: 82·2ᵈ.

_A perspective Section of the Giants Castle in the vale of Glenbegg Scotland._]

[Illustration: 81·2ᵈ.

_The_ Celtic Temple _at Classerness on the Isle of Lewis in_ Scotland.]

[Illustration: 80·2ᵈ.

_On a Mountain near the famous Fortification At Dynegeguill near Bellenrope in the County of Mayow, but in Inys-Kynhairn Parish, ’tis 29 Paces diameter._

Karrachan _by Lochbury in Mull_

_A_ Druid Temple _at Mynydh Garreg, in the Parish of lhan Gyndeyrn. The Circle about 10 yᵈˢ. diam., the highest stone not 3 foot._

_By Mawnog Grigog in Penmorva Parish Carnarvonshʳ_]

In reflecting upon these matters as I travelled along, it seemed to me not much to be doubted, that, as Stonehenge is an improvement upon Abury, so Abury is executed upon a grander plan, taken from this, or some such like. I can scarce think there ever was an avenue to this work, nor any ditch about it. It is true, there is a ditch, or mote, now round the north side along the river: but I believe it was only a fish-pond, or canal, made for the use of the manor-house, or the nunnery, in whose demesnes soever it were; and it is plain there is no sign of a ditch on the south side, where most occasion, because the river on the other side produces the use and effect of it: and if those stones called Hautvile’s Coyts were not set there for direction of the old Britons which way to come in this woody country, or where a ford of the river was, why might they not be stones dropped by the way in journeying to the temple? and they are of the same dimensions with that on the back of the cove. I am very apt to think there was another work, a cove at least, in a triangle with the other and the lunar circle; and the rather, because the manor-house and offices being built upon its situation, it were easy for them to throw it down under some foundation: and then the _area_, or whole content of the oval knoll, would be filled up handsomely, and with great regularity. And indeed I am shocked at the number of the works at present, being four; whereas that of five seems much more eligible in this case, both as an odd number, and an harmonic: for I doubt not but the Druids, the contrivers of these structures, had a good notion of music, as I could evidence in some observations I have made in the very matters before us; but I fear to be thought whimsical in a thing of this nature, and in a subject so wholly new. It is certain Pythagoras, the Arch-druid, as I venture to call him, completed this art. Now, what can be plainer than the conformity between this work and Abury? the same situation, near the spring of a river, upon a knoll in a large valley, guarded from severity of weather by environing hills: here is the cove of three stones; the circle of twelve; that of thirty stones, all set at the same intervals of thirty foot: here are the concentric circles. But then Abury is a vastly more extensive and magnificent design; the stones of much larger dimensions, and much more numerous. Here are two circles, the one of twelve, the other of thirty stones; but at Abury they have repeated them, and doubled them, by setting one within the other: the quincuple circle they have infinitely exceeded by the prodigious circular portico of a hundred stones on a side; then by the mighty ditch and _vallum_ encompassing it; by two avenues three miles in length, each of a hundred stones on a side: by the temple on Overton hill, by Silbury hill, and other matters, they have so far exceeded their copy, that in the total they have outdone themselves, and created a Celtic wonder of the world, or the eighth. But to return to our present subject.

The stones of our innermost circle of the quincuple one are twelve foot high above ground, and are of a square form, being four foot broad on each side, whence they compose three solids, one set upon another, and therefore appeared higher above the tops of the rest. Five of them are standing, and the roots of them two which are placed close together with their edges, and which make the cove; for the stones themselves are split from their foundation by some unaccountable violence, which, upon consideration, I can attribute to nothing less than a stroke of lightning; nor can I conceive that any other impulse, except that of a cannon bullet, could have so disjointed or fractured them. This set of circles are placed on the eastern side of the knoll, and have a fine declivity two or three ways for carrying off the rain. This niche, or cove, if such it be, opens to the north, and a little westerly: several of the stones of the outer circles stand on the other side of the hedge, and two or three are sunk into the ditch: those are vulgarly called the Fidlers, as the others the Maids, or the revel rout attendant on a marriage festival; for the people of this country have a notion, that upon a time a couple were married on a Sunday, and the friends and guests were so prophane as to dance upon the green together, and by a divine judgment were thus converted into stones: so I suppose the two stones so close together in the inner circle were reputed the Bride and Bridegroom: the rest were the Company dancing, and the Fidlers stood on the outside. I have observed that this notion and appellation of Weddings, Brides, and the like, is not peculiar to this place, but applied to many other of these Celtic monuments about the kingdom; as the Nine Maids in Cornwall, nine great stones set all in a row: whence possibly one may conjecture, in very ancient times it was a custom here, even of the Christians, to solemnise marriage and other holy rites in these ancient temples, perhaps before churches were built in little parishes: and even now they retain, or very lately did, in Scotland, a custom of burying people in the like temples, as judging them holy ground; without all doubt, continued down from the Druidical times. Or there may be another conceit offered, of which the reader may chuse which pleases him best; that is, that such names of these places may be derived from the mad, frolicksome, and Bacchanalian ceremonies of the ancient Britons in their religious festivals, like those of all other nations which are recorded to us in history. However, I think it is a confirmation of what wants none, that these are the temples of the Gods, made by our British predecessors; of which we come next to deliver our opinion.

We are to consider, upon the plan proposed, what regard is had to the Celtic Deities, which we said were seven in number; and methinks it is easy to point out at this day the particular Gods worshipped in these places, as I have named them upon the Plate. The Sun and Moon, no doubt, claim the highest place in the opinion of all nations; therefore their temples are situate in the midst of the plain of the oval knoll: these are the two single circles: the Sun’s is easily distinguishable from the other by its bulk, and being toward the right hand, and toward the east, the more worthy part: this consisting of 30 stones, and the other of 12, seem to mean the Solar month, and Lunar year: the quincuple circle I suppose consecrate to the five lesser planets; and that the cove appertained to the Service of the Goddess of the Earth, therefore opens to the South, respecting full the meridian power of the Soul of the World, without whose beams it is dead and inert. Hence therefore the reason of their order in Situation: the Lunar temple is next the earth, because so in the heavens; the Sun next above; and the planets highest, according to the order one would be apt to suppose they observed in Nature. It seems likely that the Celtic philosophers reckoned the north the highest part or end of the world, either from the elevation of the north pole to us of northern latitude, as our geographers now practise in maps and charts, by making the north part uppermost; or because they came from that quarter of the world in the progress of nations: but we must join the east with it; for _that_, ever since the Creation, in all systems of religion, and nations, has been especially reverenced, because of the Sun’s rising: and the west was reckoned the lower part of the world, the hell and region of the dead, the Elysian Shades, and the like; because the Sun sets there, and seems to go down: therefore we may observe the reason of the cove being placed most westerly, because the earth possesses the lowest place, the rest mounting north-easterly. The niche or cove of the innermost planet regards the north, or a little westerly, as denoting, beyond the stars was stretched out the great _inane_ of Nature, or infinite space, the empty north, as most distant and dissonant from the south, where was the Sun and world, the foundation of being. If one would enter into their theology, one might conjecture that they meant likewise the creation of the world; for the north, or immense void, being uppermost in their esteem, showed that the world was produced from nothing, by the Supreme Power. To this purpose holding night prior to day, they reckoned their time by winters, nights, etc. One other remark I made on the genius and geometry of the founders of the Weddings; that in the inner circle of the Planetary temple, which is but 90 foot diameter, and therefore an eye in the centre is very near them, there is a considerable artifice used in its component stones; for, though they be square, yet they are so managed that the face on the outside of the periphery is somewhat broader than the other three; hereby it is caused, that the two sides upon the _radius_ respect the centre of the circle. This is contrived to prevent the great offence to the eye which would otherwise have been caused in this lesser circle, had the stones been perfectly square, and, instead thereof, give a particular delight.

I mentioned before, how much I suspected a cove which had stood near the manor-house in the north-west part of the knoll: this I would have dedicated to the element of Water, or particularly to the river flowing by, the _Isca_, which I have shewn to be its Celtic name: and this cove, thus situate, would offer itself conveniently to the course of the stream, and meet, as it were, to salute the Nymphs or Naids moving down the Stream eastward. I think likewise this might be another reason of their pitching upon this piece of ground; for probably they might think there was more sanctity in a river that ran eastward: it is certain the ancients accounted it more wholesome, for a physical reason, as meeting the Sun’s rising beams, to purify it from all noxious vapor: and for this same reason is there another similitude between this work and that of Abury, the Kennet running eastward its whole length.

As soon as I came on the ground, I observed the form of the hill or knoll that contains this work, and that it perfectly resembles that of the ancient circus’s; and the fine lawn on the south side, together with the interval northwards between it and the river, made an admirable _cursus_ for races of horses, chariots, and the like, as I doubt not in the least to have been the practice in old British times at this very place. This notion is exceedingly confirmed by the remarkable turn in the road, humouring exactly the circuit of this _cursus_, and coinciding with part of it, as is apparent in the view of the country Plate; and just on the south side the manor-house is a declivity at this day, and so quite round, admirably adapted to the benefit of the spectators, who, running round in a lesser circle, might easily equal the swiftness of the horse, and be spectators of the whole course. I suppose all the sorts of games practised here, which are mentioned in Homer upon the death of Patroclus: this was done at their great religious festivals, and at the exequies of renowned commanders, kings, and chiefs; for it is remarkable at this very day, all those sports mentioned by the most ancient poet are now practised among us; which shews our Asian extract from the early times, and only accounts for that surprising custom of chariots mentioned to be among the Britons by Cæsar, which they wisely applied to war likewise, whilst the Romans used them only upon their _circus_ and diversions. The great plain in the middle of the _area_ was convenient for the works of sacrificing, and after for feastings, wrestling, coyting, and the like: and from the memory, perhaps, of these kind of exercises, sprung the notion of Sir John Hautvil’s Coyts, he being a strong and valiant man, and expert in these games of our hardy ancestors: the vulgar confounded the two histories into one, and, fond of the marvellous, applied the name of Coyts to those monstrous stones. So in Wales to this day they call the _Kromlechea_, Arthur’s Coyts.

Thus therefore we may in imagination view a solemn sacrifice of magnanimous Britons, the Druids and other priests, the kings and people assembled: we may follow them imitating the course of the Sun, and, like the ancient Greeks at their solemn games, celebrating splendidly, in honour of their Gods, upon the winding banks of the rivers. The temple at Diospolis in Egypt, described by Strabo, XVII. is not unlike our Celtic ones, having a _dromos_, or circ, before it, with stones cut like _sphynges_ to mark out the _route_, and a _portico_ quite round. The walls, says he, are as high as the temple, which is without roof, and covered over with sculpture of large figures. There is one part composed of abundance of huge pillars set in very many rows, having nothing painted or elegant, but seems like an empty labour, as he expresses it; and this was, because the Grecian temples of his country were covered over, and the walls adorned with painting and carving, and all sorts of curiosities in art. In this temple (he proceeds) were formerly great houses for the priests, men given to philosophy and astronomy: but now that order and discipline is failed, and only some sorry fellows left, that take care of the sacrifices, and show the things to strangers. Eudoxus and Plato went hither, and lived thirteen years to learn of them. These priests knew the minute excess of the year above 365 days, and many more like things; for, says he, the Greeks were ignorant of the year at that time. Thus far Strabo. It is notorious from the foregoing particulars, how near a resemblance these had to our Celtic temples, and likewise to the famous ruins at Persepolis, which I always looked upon as a great temple of the Persians. Those that think it the ruins of a royal palace, run away content with the report of the ignorant people living thereabouts. This temple of the Egyptians, which Strabo describes, had no roof; and therefore it would be absurd to place paintings in it, and fine carvings of ivory, gold and marble, from the hand of Phidias, or Praxiteles, as was the usage of the Greeks; whence Strabo takes occasion to throw a sarcasm upon people that he would not have thought so elegant as his countrymen. It is certain the Egyptians, as well as our Celts, studied greatness and astonishment, beyond the nice and curious; as is visible in all their works, such as the pyramids, the obelisks, Pompey’s pillar, the monstrous _colossi_ and _sphynges_, of which we have many accounts in writers, and many of their prodigious works still left, which defy time by their magnitude, like our Celtic: but the Greeks ought to be so grateful as to acknowledge by whom they profited; for they learnt first from the Egyptians; nor will we deny that they improved upon them. When Strabo mentions these roofless temples, and walls covered with sculptures of large figures, and the abundance of huge pillars set in many rows, who sees not the exact conformity between this work, and that of Persepolis? and these collections of pillars, though I suppose set in a square form, are no other than our quincuple circle. I took notice too, that these temples are set in such straggling order as ours here at Stanton Drue, and by examination find that the two largest are at an angle of 20 degrees of one another (I mean, their middle points, or centres) from the cardinal line, or that which runs from east to west: here is likewise the same number of five temples, and like diversity of number of stones, and manner of forms in each, as of ours: the only difference consists in the one being square, the other round; owing to the particular notions of the two people, judging this, and that, most apt for sacred structures. The work at Persepolis too is made upon an artificial eminence, or pavement of most prodigious stones, instead of a natural one, the ascent to which is by steps; which is enough to overthrow any notion of a palace: but they that see not its intent, that it was wholly a religious building, and that there is not one symptom of its being a civil one, ought to be disregarded. All the sculptures are religious, being processions of the priests to sacrifice; which has nothing to do with a palace: the work of pillars never had a roof on it, because of the flower-work at top: besides, there are no walls, never were; and what the incurious spectators take for walls, are only single stones set like those of our monument: and the doors are no more than one stone laid across two more, as those of Stonehenge: the mouldings of them go quite round; so that, had there been a wall, half of them would have been covered. But it is lost time to speak any more of that affair.

[Illustration: 79·2ᵈ.

_Stukeley d._

_A View at_ Stanton Drew]

I make no doubt but the name of Stanton Drue is derived from our Monument; _Stanton_ from the stones, and _Drue_ from the Druids. It moves not me, that some of the name of Drew might have lived here formerly; for such a family might take the denomination of the town, and, leaving out the first part, retain only that of Drew. It is sufficient conviction, that there are so many other towns in England, and elsewhere, that have preserved this name, and all remarkable for monuments of nature. The number of the stones are 160.

INDEX TO ITER BOREALE.

A

Addingham, 47

Alcester, 21

Aldborough, 73

Ale, called Hather, 64

Anchor Hill, 37

Anker River, 20

Antique Marbles, 26

Arbury, 20

Arduen Forest, 20

Arthur’s Round Table, 43

Ashler Stone, 37

Astley, Geo. Esq;, 20

B

Bakewell, 26

Baliol Castle, 59

Beacon Hill, 24

Bede, Venerable, 71

Belemnites, 17, 26

Belisama, now the River Ribel, 36

Belon, a Distemper affecting Cattle, 25

Benedict Bp. of Weremouth, 63

Benwell, 67

Birmingham, 21

Bonium, 33

Borough, 20

Boroughbridge, 73

Bowland Forest, 37

Borough Hill Camp, 17

Bradsal, 24

Braciaca, 26

Bracelet, Gold British, 33

Brewood, 23

Brick Hill, 17

British Temple, 42, 44

Brougham Castle, 44

Burton on Trent, 22

Busto’s, 35

Butt’s Close, 22

Buxton, 26, 28

C

Caer Voran, 59

Caerswic, 48

Cæsar’s Tower, 18

Cæsarius, St. Owen, a Giant, 46

Cairns or Carracks, 45, 60

Calcaria, 75

Camp Hill, 21

Can, River, 39

Canal hewn out of a Rock, 26

Canals, antient subterran., 31

Carlisle, 54

Carved Stones, 38

Castle Banks, 20

Castle Croft, 28

Castleford, 76

Castle Garth, 76

Castle-Cowhill, 40

Castle-Rig, 48

Castleton, 27

Castrum Exploratorum 54

Catterick, 72

Cave, in a Rock, 42

Celts, Brass, 44

Celtic Barrows, 24

Celtic Monuments, 44

Celtic Temples, 27, 47, 48

Chadsden, 24

Chamber in the Forest, 30

Chatsworth, 26

Chaucer, Picture of, 70

Chelmerton, 27

Chester, 30

Chester, Earls of, 32, 33

Chester, Leofric Earl of, } 19 Godiva his Wife, }

Chester (Little), 60

Chester on the Street, 70

Chesterfield, 21

Chesterfield Crofts, 22

Chiltern Hills, 17

Clifton House, 46

Clifton, a famous Spring, 45

Cnut-berries, 48

Coal Mines, 65, 66

Coal Pits, 35

Coal Works, 52, 69, 70, 76

Coccium, 29

Cockermouth, 49

Coffin of Stone, 33

Coins, Intaglias, &c., 21, 23, 25, 36

Concangios, 39

Condale, 29, 30

Condereum, 70

Copperas Work, 52

Corallium tubulatum, 36

Corchester, 63

Coventry, 19

Coventry Priory, 21

Countess Pillar, 46

Crystals, Congeries of, 42, 43, 74

Crystallisations, 47

Cumberland Hills, 39

D

Danum, 76

Darley Slade, 24

Daventry, 17

Degge, Sir Simon, 25

Derby, 24

Derbyshire Marble, 26

Deritend Chapel, 21

Derventio, 24

Deva, 30

Devil’s Arse, 27

Dinkley, 38

Doncaster, 76

Dudley, Coal Mines, 20

—— Castle, 23

Dunkin Hall, 37

Dunstable, 17

Durham, 70

E

East Denton, 64

Eboracum, 74

Edesbury, 34

Edelfleda, a Mercian Princess, 30

Egyptian Lotus, 19

Elfleda, Sister to Edward the Elder, 23

Elen River, 49

Elenborough, 49

Elfs Arrows, 28

Etocetum, 21

F

Fells, 36

Fire Engine, 52

Flint axes, 20

Flint Arrow Heads, 28

Font, ancient, 26

Font at Bridekirk, 51

The Foss, 24

G

Gabrocentum, 69

Galava, 45

Gale, Dr. (his MSS.), 72

Gateshead, 69

Gelt River, 58

Glassonbury Abbey Book, 58

Gold Finger, 37

Goyt House, 28

Greville Family, 18

Griff Coal Works, 19

Guggleby Stone, 42

Guy’s Cliff Chapel, 18

Guy’s Tower, 18

H

Hell’s Fell Nab, or the Fairy Hole, 42

Henbury, 33

Hermen-Street, 69, 70, 72, 76

Hexam, 62

Hickling-Street, 22

Hilton, Jack of, a Saxon Idol called Pouster, 24

Holland, Philemon, 19

Holm House, 29

Horns of little Deer, 33

Horse Brook, 23

Horses, kept under Ground, 68

Houghton Castle, 35

Housesteeds, 60

I

Jack of Hilton, 24

Icening-Street, 17

Idle River, 76

Ingham, 21

Ingleborough Hill, 39

Irthing River, 58

Irwell River, 28

Isurium, 73

K

Kelkbar, 75

Kendall, 40

—— Castle, ib.

Keswick, 47

Kist-vaen, 48

Knave’s Castle, 23

Knaworth Castle, 58

Knowsley, 34

L

Lancaster, 38

Leam River, 21

Lead Ore, 25

Legeolium, 76

Leverpool, 34

Library, 35

Littleover, 25

Litchfield Cathedral, ib.

Lindisfarn, Bp. of, 70

Long Meg, 47

Longridge Mountain, 37

Longton, 58

Lowther Hall, 46

Lumley Castle, 70

Lune River, 38

Lyn-Lane, 22

M

Macclesfield, 28

Madan Castle, 17

Madan-Way, 46, 58

Magiovinium, 17

Magna Charta, Original, 71

Magnet (Interval), 48

The Malvern, 23

Mam Torr, 27

Manduessedum, 20

Man-Castle, or Cester, ib.

Mancunium, 28

Marvel Stones, 27

Mawcop Hill, 22

Mayborough, 44

Medloc River, 28

Mercury, Intaglia of, 39

Monks Kirby, 20

Monumental Stone, 53

Morbium, 52, 53

Moresby, 52

Morley Church (painted Glass), 25

Mosaic Floor, 45

Mosaic Pavement, 73

Moseley, 21

N

Nailor, George, 39

Netherby, 57

Newborough, 61

Newcastle, 64

North-Sheels, 69

Nuneaton, 19

Nun Green, 24

O

Oldbury, 20

Old-field Banks, ib.

Olenacum, 49

Ormskirk, 35

Ouse River, 75

P

Palace of King Edgar, 34

Panstones, 37

Papcastle, 51

Parton Haven, 53

Peak Country, 25, 27

Pendle Hall, 37

Penk, River, 23

Penkridge, ib.

Penigent Hill, 40

Pennocrucium, 23

Penrith, 43, 46

Penruddoc, 47

Peterel River, 45

Petrianis, ib.

Pictures, 35

Picts Wall, 56, 60, 61, & seq. 65, 66, 67, 68

Pierce Bridge, 72

Pipe Hill, 22

Pool’s Hole, 27

Port-Lane, 22

Portraits, 35

Potamogeiton Majus, 19

Præsidium, 18

Preston, 35

Priory Hall, 24

Prudhoe Castle, 64

R

Radcliff Rock, 25

Ravensworth Castle, 69

Ravonia, ib.

Repton, the Burial Place of some Mercian Kings, 25

Ribchester, 36

Ribell, River, ib.

The Rigning, 24

Rigning Way, 21, 22

Rippon, 73

Robin Hood’s Well, 76

Rock Samphire, 52

Roman Antiquities, 72

—— Altars, 29, 32, 37, 39, 45, 49, 50, 57, 58, 59, 61, 62, 63

—— Bricks, 34

—— Carving, 33

—— Coins, 23, 25, 37, 39, 45, 49, 50, 51, 53, 55, 70, 73

—— Forts, 56 & seq.

—— Hand-Mills, 55

—— Hypocaust, 34, 41

—— Inscriptions, 26, 39, 41, 46, 53, 58, 61, 70, 74

—— Monuments, 38

—— Roads, 29, & seq. 33

—— Shoes, 57

—— Temple, 22

—— Urns, 33, 40

—— Wall, 22, 55 & seq. 65, 66, 67, 68

—— Wells, 25

Romano-British Antiquities, 61

Rood Eye, 32

Round Fold, 27

S

St. Amor Heath, 24

Salesbury Hall, 37

Saltford, 29

Saltworks, 29, 30

Scaleby Castle, 57

Scot, Michael, 45

Sepulchral Lamp, 40

Sever’s Hill, 74

Shap, 42

Shenston, 22

Shells petrified, 26

Shrine of St. Werburg, 33

Shugbury, 20

Sidney, Sir Philip, 18

Sidbury, 24

Silk Looms, 25

Spelwell, 18

Skidhaw Hill, 48

Stadon Hoe, 27

Stafford, 23

Stanton, 21

Stockport, 28

Stone, 17

Stone-Heaps, 43

Stones (hollowed), 55

Stones, Circles of, 58

Stones called the Devil’s Arrows, 74

Stretton, 23

Subterraneous Oratory, 61

Subterraneous Vault, 51

Swinfield, 2

T

Tadcaster, 75

Tanfield, 60

Tethill Castle, 17

Thirlwall Castle, 58

Tickencote, 61

Tinmouth Castle, 69

Toads found alive in a Wall, 39

—— in solid Coal, 19

Tombs of Sacheverels, 25

—— Vernons and Manners’s, 26

Tot, Signification of, 24

Tree, Trunk of one hewn into a Coffin, 21

Tunnocelum, 69

Tutbury Cattle, 24

U

Vase of coral-coloured Earth, 25

Victory, Picture of, 63

Ulles Lake, 48

Ulphus’s Horn, 75

Voreda, 59

Uttoxeter, 24

W

Warwick, 18

Warwick Bridge, 19

Wall, 21

Water-Crook, 39

Watford-gap, 20

Watling-Street, 17, 21, 22, 23, 31

West Derby, 35

Westmoreland Hills, 39, 42

Whitehaven, 52

Wilfred, the Saxon Bishop, 73

Winander Meer, 41

Withersley, 20

Wolfencote, 21

Wolverhampton, 20

Wormleighton, 21

The Wrekin, 23

Wye, River, 26

Y

York, 74

INDEX AD COMMENTARIOLUM GEOGRAPHICUM RICARDI WESTMONASTERIENSIS, EJUSQUE MAPPAM.

A Pag.

Aaron Martyr, 105

Abona Fluvius C. h. & k. f., 87, 194

Ad Abonam, Statio Rom., 97

Abrasuanus Fluvius, 92

Abravanus Sinus, E. e., 166

Abus Fluvius, G. g., 91

Ad Abum, Statio Rom., 97

Acmodæ Insulæ, 101

Adraste Dea, 83

Ælia Castra Statio, 97

Æsica Fluvius, E. g., 93

Ad Æsicam Statio, 96

F. Ætius Dux, 92, 106

J. Agricola Legatus, 89, 91, 92, 104, 107

Agrippa Geographus, 79, 98

Alauna Urbs, E. g. & I. f., 90, 92, 96, 97

Alauna Fluvius, F. g. & G. f. & K. f., 92, 96

Ad Alaunam Amnem Statio, 96

Albani Populi, D. f.

Albanus Martyr, 90, 96, 105

C. Albinus Legatus, 108

Albion Insula, B. C. item H. I. b., 79, 98, 99, 100, 101

Alcluith Urbs, 86, 93

Alexander Imp., 108

Alicana, 91, 96

Allobroges Pop., 87

Alpes Montes, 87, 91

Alpes Penini Montes, G. g., 91, 96

Ad Alpes Peninos Statio, 96

Ambactæ Milites, 81

Amphibalus, Martyr, 96

Andatis Dea, 83

Anderida Portus, 97

Anderida Sylva, K. g., 87, 97

Anderida Urbs, L. g., 87, 97

Andros Insula, 101

Angliæ Regnum, 80

Annales, 83

Annuli ferrei pro nummis, 83

Anseres Sacræ, 83

Anterida Sylva, 87, 97

Antivestæum Promontorium, M. c., 88, 99

Antona Fluvius, l. g., 87

Ad Antonam Statio, 97

Antoninus Pius Imp., 85, 92, 107

Ad Aquas Statio, 97

Ara forte Agricolæ, E. g.

Ara forte Ulyssis, C. g., 93

Aræ Finium Imperii Rom. C. h., 93

Argitta Fluvius, F. c.

Argolicum Statio, 96

Ariconium Urbs, I. f., 88, 97

Armenia Regio, 85

Armillæ importatæ, 81

Armoricæ Civitates, M. g.

Artavia Urbs, K. d., 88

Asclopiodorus Dux, 105

Assyrii Pop., 94

Athlanticus Oceanus, 79, 99

Attacotti Pop. D. f., 93

Attrebates Pop. K. g., 87, 90

Avalonia Urbs, 87

Aufona Fluvius, I. g., 90

Augusta Londinium Colonia, 90

D. Augustinus, Anglorum Apostolus, 86

Augustus Imp., 106

Aurelius Antoninus Imp., 104, 108

Ausobæ Sinus, I. a., 99

Austrinum Prom. N. a., 99

Auterii Pop. I. b., 99

Auterum Urbs, I. b., 99

Authores, 80, 87, 100

Αυτοχθονας, qui, 95

B

Balena Piscis, 85

Ballium Statio, 97

Balnea calida, 85

Banatia Urbs, D. g., 93

Banconium Urbs, H. f.

Banchorium Statio et Monasterium, 89, 96

Banna Fluvius, F. d., 99

Bardi Poetæ, 84

Bassianus Imp., 92, 105

Bdora Æstuarium, 85, 92

Beda, 79, 85, 98, 99

Belgæ Pop. L. f. & K. f. g., 87, 88, 103

Belgarum Littori Thule Inf. opposita, 100

Belissima Fluvius, G. f.

Benisamnum Prom. K. a.

Bennonæ Urbs, 89, 96, 97

Benonæ Urbs, L. g., 97

Bibrax Urbs, K. g., 97

Bibroci Pop. K. g., 87 _bis_

Bibroicum Urbs, 87

Bigis dimicabant Britones, 81

Blestium Statio, 97

Bodotria Æstuarium, E. g., 92

Boduni Pop. I. f., 90

V. Bolanus Legatus, 107

Bolerium Promontorium, L. c., 88

Bonduica Regina, 90, 91, 104, 107

Boreum Prom. F. b., 99, _bis_.

Bovium Statio, 97

Brachium in Brittania memorabile, 83

Brangonum Urbs, I. f., 90, 97

Brannogenium Statio, _ib._

Branogena Urbs, _ib._

Bremenium civit. Stipend. F. g., 92, 95, 96

Brennus Rex, 87

Brigæ Statio, 97

Brigantes Pop. G. g. & G. f. g. I. c., 90, 91, 99, 100, _bis_.

Brigantia Regio, 85, 99

Brigantiæ Regnum, 99

Brigantiæ Urbs I. c., _ib._

Brigantum extrema, G. h., 91

Brigas Fluvius, 99

Brigus Fluvius, I. c.

D. Brigitta, 100

Brinavæ Statio, 97

Brittani Populi, _passim_.

Brittania Insula, 79 & _passim_. Australis Regio, 82 Austrina Regio, 80, 82 Inferior Provincia eadem, 82 Prima Provincia, 85, 86, 88 Secunda Prov., 85, 86, 88 Superior Prov., 88

Brittanica & Gallica Lingua &c. eadem, 80, 99

Brittanica antiquissima Monumenta, 82

Brittanicæ Insulæ, 79

Brittanicæ Consuetudines, Cap. III. & IV., _passim_.

Brittones, Brittani Populi, _passim_.

Bryto Rex, 103

Brocavonacæ Statio, 97

Bultrum Statio, _ib._

Bubinda Fluvius, H. c.

Buvinda Fluvius, 99

C.

Cæsar Imp., 79, 80, 81, 83, 84, 87, 100, 104, 106

Cæsarea Inf. M. f., 101

Cæsariensis Provin., 90, 104

Cæsaromagus Statio, 96

Calcaria Statio, _ib._

Caleba Urbs, K. g., 87, 97

Caledonia Regio, B. h. & C. f., 80, 92, 93, 101

Caledonia Sylva, C. g., 87, 91, 93, 94

Caledonicum Prom., 79, 94

Caledoniæ extrema, 94

Caledonii Pop. C. g., 80, 92, 94

Camalodunum Colonia, I. h., 89, 90, 96, 104, 106

cognominata Geminæ Martiæ, 95

Cambodunum Civitas, Lat. J. don. G. g., 91,96

Camboricum Colonia, I. h., 90, 96

Cambretonium Statio, 96

Cambula Fluvius, K. d.

Camillus Dux, 87

Canganæ Insulæ, K. a.

Cangani Pop. _id._, 99

Canganum Prom. H. e., 89

Canganus Sinus, H. e.

Cangi Pop., 99

Cangiani Pop., 89

Cangiorum Regio, _ib._

Canonium Statio, 96

Canovius Fluvius, 89

Cantabricus Oceanus, 99

Cantæ Pop. C. h. K. h., 86, 94

Cantianus Status, 86

Cantii Pop., 86, 90, 94, 96

Cantium Prom. K. h., 80, 86

Cantium Regio, _ib._ _ib._ 87

Cantiorum Regnum, _ib._

Cantiopolis Civitas Stipend. K. h., 86, 95, 96, 97

Carausius Imp., 86, 99, 105

Carbantum, F. f., 92

Carnabii Pop. B. h. & H. f. & M. d., 88, 89, 90, 91, 94

Carnabiorum Regio, 89

Carnonacæ Pop. B. g., 94

Carnubia Regio, 88

Carthismandua Reg., 89, 91

Casæ Candidæ Urbs, 92

Cassii Pop. I. g. & I. f. g., 90

Cassibellinus Rex, 90, 104

Cassiterides Insulæ, 88, 101

Cassiterrides Insulæ, _ib._

Cassium Regnum, 90

Castella Romana, 98

Castra Ælia Statio, 97

Cataracton Civit. Lat. jure donata, 91, 95, 96

Catieuchlani Pop., 90

Caturacton Urbs, G. g., 91, 96

Catini Pop. B. h., 94

Caucii Pop. H. c., 99, 100

Cauna Ins. K. h.

Celnius Fluvius, D. h., 93

Celtæ Pop., 87, 103

Celtiberi Pop., 94

Cenia Urbs, M. d., 88, 97

Cenius Fluvius, M. d., 88

Cenomanni Pop. I. h., 90

P. Cerealis Legatus, 91, 104, 107

Cerones Pop. C. f., 94

Charatacus Rex, 89, 104

Chauci, vel Cauci, Pop. _vide supra_ Caucii Pop.

Chronica, 90

Chronologia, 103 _& seq._

Chrysosthomus, 79

Cimbri Pop. K. e., 88

Cimbrorum Regio, _ib._

Civitates Latio jure donatæ, 95

Civitates Stipendiariæ, _ib._

Claudianus Vates, 93, 105

Claudius Imp., 90, 91, 104, 106

Clausentum Urbs, L. g., 87, 97

Cleomedes, 85

Clita Fluvius, H. f.

Clota Fluvius, E. f.

Clota Insula, D. e.

Clotta Æstuarium, _Id._, 92, 85, & 93

Clydda Æstuarium, _Id._

Coccium Urbs, G. f., 91, 97

Cogibundus Rex, 104

Cogidunus, 106

Coitani Pop. H. g., 90, 91

Colanica Urbs, E. f.

Colfulfus Rex, 85

Coloniæ, 95

D. Columba, 100

Comes Brittaniarum, 86

Comes Littoris Saxonici, _ib._

Concangii Pop., 90

Condate Statio, 96, 97

Concretum Mare, 101

Conovium Statio, 96

Conovius Fluvius, H. f., 89

Constantius Chlorus Imperator, 90, 105

Constantinus Magnus Imperator, 86, 89, 90, 105

Consuetudines variæ, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 98, 100, 101

Consulares Provinciæ, 86

Corbantorigum Urbs, 92

Corinum Civitas Latio jure don., 90, 97

Coriondii Pop., 100

Corisennæ Statio, 97

Coria Urbs, 96

Corium Urbs, _ib._

Corstoplum Statio, _ib._ 81

Creones Pop. C. g., 94

Crococolana Statio, 97

Cronium Mare, 101

Cunetio Statio, 97

Cunetium Fluvius, 87

Curia Urbs, F. f., 92, 96

Cybele Dea, 83

D.

Dabrona Fluvius, K. b., 99

Damnia Regio, 92

Damnii Pop. D. f. & E. e. & F. d., 92, 99, 100

Damnii Albani Pop., 93

Damnonii Pop. L. e., 79, 88

Daniel Propheta, 106

Danubius Fluvius, 91

Danum Statio, 96

Darabona Fluvius, F. c., 99

Darabouna, _ib._

Ad Decimum Statio, 97

Delgovicia Statio, 96

Derbentio Urbs, H. g.

Derventio Fluvius, F. f.

Derventio Statio, 96, 97

Deva Colonia, H. f., 99, 96 Getica cognominata, 95

Deva Fluvius, D. g. & E. e. f. & G. d. & H. f., 88, 89, 92, 93

Devana Statio, 96

Deucaledonicus Oceanus, 99

Diana Dea, 83

Dianæ Forum Urbs, 90, 96

Διαφραγματα, 96

A. Didius Legatus, 106

Diluvium Noæ, 103

Dimeciæ Pop. I. e., 89

Dimetia Regio, 99

Dio Historicus, 90

Dis, _i. e._ Plutus Deus, 83

Diva Fluvius, I. e.

Divana Urbs, D. h., 93

Divisio Brittaniæ Rom., 85, 86

Divitiacus Rex, 99, 103

Documenta, 88, 91, 92

Dobona Fluvius, 99

Dobuni Pop., 90

Domitianus Imp., 93, 107

Dorocina Statio, 97

Druides Medici, 83 Sacerdotes, 83, 84

Druidum Dogmata, 83, 84

Druidum Pontifex, 83

Druidum Monumenta, 82

Druidum Traditiones, 80, 83

Dubana Fluvius. L. b.

Dubræ Portus, 86, 97

Dubræ Urbs, K. h., _ib._

Dubris Fluvius, 87

Dubrona Fluvius, _vide_ Dabrona Fl. _supra_

Dumna Insula, A. i.

Dunum Urbs, F. d. & H. c., 99

Duralispons Statio, 96, 97

Durinum Civitas Stipendiaria, L. f., 88

Durius Fluvius, L. e. L. a., 88, 97, 99

Durnomagus Civitas, Latio jur. don. I. g., 90, 95, 96, 97

Durnovaria Statio, 97

Durobris, sive Duroprovis, K. h., 86, 96

Durolevum Statio, 96, 97

Durolispons Statio _vide supra_ Duralispons.

Duroprovæ Urbs Stipend. _V._ Durobris _supra_, 95

Durosevum _Vide supra_ Durolevum.

Durositum Statio, 96

Durotriges Pop., 88

Dux Brittaniarum, 86

Dux Brittaniæ, 85

E.

Eblana Urbs, H. c.

Eblanæ Pop., 99

Eboracum Municip. & Metrop. G. g., 91, 95, 96, 97

Ebudes Insulæ, B. f., 100

Ebuda prima Insula, A. g.

Ebuda secunda Insula, A. f.

Ebuda major Insula, A. g. & f.

Ebuda quarta Insula, B. f.

Ebuda quinta Insula, B. f.

Ebudium Promont. B. g., 94

Edria Insula, H. d.

Epiacum Urbs, F. g., 91, 96

Epidiæ Insulæ, C. e.

Epidia superior Ins. _id._

Epidia Inferior, C. e. d.

Epidii Pop. C. e., 94

Epidium Prom. D. e., _ib._

Equites Brittanici, 81

Eriri Mons, 89, 96

Essedæ Currus, 81

Etocetum Urbs, I. f., 89, 96, 97

Europa, 79

Extremitas Caledoniæ, 94

F.

Fabius Rusticus, 80

Fabulæ, _ib._

Fergusius Rex, 105

Ad Fines Statio, 96, 97

Fines Maximæ & Flaviæ Prov., 96 Trinobantum & Cenimannorum, 96 Valentiæ & Maximæ Provinciar., _ib._ Valentiæ & Vespasianæ Prov., _ib._

Flavia extrema, I. h., 90

Flavia Prov. H. f. I. g., 85, 86, 89, 96

Flavia Familia, sive Gens, 89, 93

Florus Historicus, 91

Forma Regiminis Brittanniæ Sub Indigenis, 82 Sub Romanis, 86

Forum Dianæ Urbs, I. g. _vide_ Forum Dianæ in D.

Fragmenta Itinerarii, 95

Fretum Brittanicum, K. i. L. h., 87, 181

Fretum Meneviacum, sive Menevicum, H. e., 89

Fretum Oceani, _vide_ Fretum Brit. _supra_

Fretum Sabrinæ, 88

I. Frontinus Legatus, 89, 107

M. Furius Legatus, 108

G.

Gadanica Statio, 96

Gadeni Pop. E. g., 92

Gadenia Regio, _ib._

Gagates Lapides, 85

Galgacum Urbs, F. g., 91

Galgacus Rex, 92, 104, 107

Gallacum Urbs, idem quod Galgacum, 91

Galli Pop., 82, 83, 88, 104

Gallia, L. M. N. i., 79, 86, 87, 94, 96, 100

Galliæ Belgicæ pars, L. i., 79

Galliæ Celticæ pars, M. h. g., _ib._

Gallinæ aves sacræ, 81

Garion Fluvius, I. h., 90

Geographi veteres, 79, 80

Genania Regio, 89

Genesis Liber, 83

Germani Pop., 87

Germania Magna Regio, 80

Germania, 79, 80, 93

Germanicum Mare, 85

Gessoriacus Portus Brit., 79, 96

Gessoriacum Bononiæ Portus, 79, n. 159

Gessoricum Urbs, L. h., 79, 96

Gladius Brittanicus, 81

Glebon, sive Glevum Colonia, K. f., 90, 95, 97, 104 Claudia Cognom., 95

Gobæum Promont. N. e.

Gobaneum Urbs, sive Gobannium, I. f., 88, 97

Grampius Mons, D. h., 93

Græci Pop., 88, 103

Græcis literis utebantur Druides, 83

Guethelinga Via, 96

H.

Hadrianus Imp., 104, 107

Halangium Urbs, 88

Halongum Urbs L. c., _ut supra._

Hardinii Pop. G. b.

Hebrides, _vide_ Ebudes Insulæ.

Hedui Pop. K. d., 87, 90

Heduorum Regio, 88

F. J. Helena Imp., 89, 90, 105

Helenis Prom. sive Helenum, L. e., 88

Hercules in Brit. Rex & Deus, 80, 83

Herculea Insula, K. d., 88 Columnæ, _ib._ Promontorium, _id. & ib._

Heriri Montes, H. f. _vide_ Eriri Mons in E.

Ad Heriri Montem Statio, 96

Herodianus Historicus, 82

Hiberni Pop., 98

Ad Hiernam Statio, 96

Hispania, 79 Tarraconensis, _ib._

Historici veteres, 88

Historia Romana, 92, 93

Homerus Mantuanus, 100

Horestii Pop. E. g., 92

Hybernia F. ad L. N. a. b. c. d., 80, 91, 92, 98, 99, 100, 103, 104, 105

I.

Iberi Pop., 80

Iberna, sive Ibernus Fluvius, M. a., 99

Ibernia Urbs, 100

Ibernii Pop. M. a., 99

Iceni Pop. H. g., 91

Idmana Fluvius, I. h.

Jena Fluvius, E. e.

Ila Fluvius, B. h.

Imperatores post Trajanum, 89

Indigenæ, 80, 82

Internum Mare, 88

Isannavaria Statio, sive Isantavaria, 96, 97

Isamnium, G. d.

Isca Colonia, K. f. & Metrop., 88, 97 Cognominata Secunda, 95

Isca Fluvius, I. e. L. e., 88

Isca Civitas, Stipend L. e., _ib._ 97

Isicius Piscis, 84

Isinnæ Statio, 96

Isthmus Brit., 91, 92

Isurium Urbs, G. g., 91, 96

Ituna Æstuarium, F. f.

Ituna Fluvius, D. h. & F. f., 92, 93

Ad Itunam Statio, 96

Itys Fluvius, C. g.

Ivernis Metrop. I. b. _vide_ Ibernia.

Judæa, 94

Judæi Pop., 80

Julius Martyr, 105

Jupiter Deus, 83

Juvenalis Satyricus, 85, 86

K.

Κριοῦ μέτωπον Prom., 88

Kriu Metapon Prom. M. d., _idem_

L.

Laberus Urbs, G. d., 99

Lactorodum Statio, 96

Ad Lapidem Statio, 97

Lataræ Statio, 96

Latera Albionis tria, 79, 80

Latus Hiberniæ Meridionale, 99 Occidentale, _ib._ Orientale, _ib._ Septentrionale, _ib._

Lebarum Urbs, _vide supra_ Laberus

Legatus, 86

Legio Secunda Augusta, 86, 89, 104 Sexta Victrix, 91 Vigesima Victrix, 90 Magna, 105

Legiolium Statio, 96, 97

Legotium Statio, _idem_

Lelanonius Sinus, D. f., 94

Lelanus Sinus, _idem_

Lemana Fluvius, L. h.

Lemanianus Portus, 97

Ad Lemanum Statio, _ib._

Lemanus Fluvius, _idem cum_ Lemana

Lemanus Urbs, K. h., 86

Lepores Sacri Brit., 81

Leucarum Statio, 97

Libnius Fluvius, I. a., 99

A Limite, 96

Limnia Ins. G. d. _eadem cum_ Silimno, 101

Lindum Colonia, H. g., 91, 95, 96, 97

Lindum Urbs, E. g., 92, 96

Livius Historicus, 80

Loca defectiva occurrunt in 92, 95, 96, 97, 99, 106, 107, 108

Lœbius Fluvius, H. c., 99

Logi Pop. C. h, 94

Logia Fluvius, F. d.

Londinium Augusta Colonia & Metrop. K. g., 90, 95, 97

Londinum, 94

Lundinum, 90

Longus Fluvius, C. f., 94

Lovantum Urbs, _sive_ Lovantium, 89

Loxa Fluvius, C. h., 94

Lucani Pop. M. a., 99

Lucanus Poeta, 84, 86

Lucilianus Legatus, 108

Lucius Rex, 104

Lucophibia Urbs, quæ Candidæ Casæ, 92

Lucullus Legatus, 107

Luentium Urbs, I. e. _idem cum_ Lovantio

Lugubalia Civit. Lat. jure don. F. f., 95, 96, 91

Lugubalium Urbs, _idem_

Luguballia Urbs, _eadem_

Luguvalium, _idem_

Lundinium Urbs, _vide supra_

V. Lupus Legatus, 108

Lutetia, Parisiorum Metropolis, M. i.

Lybia, 85

Lyncalidor Lacus, D. f. _forsan hodie_ Loch-Lomond.

M.

Maætæ Pop., 92

Macedonia, 85

Macobicum Urbs, 99

Macolicum, K. a, _idem_

Madus Fluvius, 87 Statio, 97

Monæda Inf. G. e., 98

Magiovinium Statio, 96

Magna Urbs, I. f., 88

Magnus Portus, L. g., 87 Sinus, H. a.

Maleos Ins. C. e.

Manavia, _eadem cum_ Monæda.

Mancunium Statio, 96

Manduessedum Statio, 96, 97

Manduessedum, _idem._

Manlius Dux, 87

Marcellus Legatus, 108

Marcianus Geographus, 79

Mare Brittanicum, 99 Germanicum, E. ad I. i. Internum, F. G. H. f. e. d., 88, 98 Orcadum, A. h. Pigrum, 101 Vergivium, K. L. c. d. Thule, A. B. C. i.

Margaritæ Brittanicæ, 81, 85, 104

Margidunum Statio, 97

Mars Deus, 83

Maxima Prov. G. f. g., 85, 86 Cæsariensis, 96, 104

Maximus Imp., 105

In Medio Statio, 97

Mediolanum Urbs, I. f., 89, 96, 97, 99

Mela Geographus, 80, 98, 100

Menapia Urbs, I. d. K. d., 97, 99

Ad Menapiam Statio, 97

Menapii Pop. I. c., 99, 100

Meneviacum Fretum, 89

Merces variæ, 81

Mercurius Deus, 83

Mertæ Pop. B. h., 94

Metaris Æstuarium, H. h., 90

Metoris Sinus, _Id._

Migrationes Gentium, 80, 87, 91, 94, 99, 100, 103, 105

Minerva Dea, 83, 87

Modona Fluvius, I. d.

Mona Ins. H. e., 84, 89

Monachi custodes Historiæ, 94

Monapia Ins. I. d.

Ad Montem Grampium Statio, 96

Montes, 99

Monumenta veterum, 85, 87, 89, 92, 93

Moricambe Fluvius, G. f.

Moridunum Statio, 97

Morini Pop. K. i. & L. f., 79, 88

Moses, 83, 95

Municipia in Brit., 95

Muri Romani, 85, 91, 92

Muridunum Civit. Stipend. I. e., 89

Ad Murum Statio, 96

Musidum Urbs, 88

Musidunum Urbs, L. d., _idem._

N.

Nabæus Fluvius, B. h., 94

Nagnata Urbs, H. b., 99

Nagnatæ Pop., _ib._

Naves Britonum, 81

Nero Imperat., 104

Nidum Statio, 97

Nidus Fluvius, E. f. & K. e.

Nonnulli Scriptores, 100

Novantæ Pop. E. e., 92

Novantes, _ib._

Novantia Regio, _ib._

Novantum Chersonesus, E. d., 80, 92

Noviomagus, K. g., 87, 97

Novius Fluvius, 92

O.

Oboca Fluvius, I. c.

Oceanus Athlanticus qui & Brittanicus _Vide supra in_ Mare Cantabricus, 99 Deucaledonius, A. d. e., _ib._ Internus, 99 Septentrionalis, 86 Vergivus, _vide in_ Mare

Ocetus Insula, B. i.

Ocrinum Mons, L. e., 88 Promontorium, M. c., 79, 88

Octorupium Prom. I. d., 89

Oestrominides Insulæ, 88

Olicana, G. g., 91, 96

Opinio veterum, 79

Oracula Gallici numinis, 101

Orcades Inf. B. h., 94, 100, 104

Orcadum Promont., 94

Orcas Prom. B. h., _ib._

Ordovicia Regio, 89

Ordovices Pop. H. e. I. f., _ib._

Orrea Urbs, E. g., 93, 96, 97

Ossismica Littora, 101

Osbium, Fl. Rheni. I. i.

Ostrea, 86

Ostorius Scapula Legatus, 89, 91, 94, 104, 106

Ottadini Pop. E. F. g., 92

Ottadinia Regio, _ib._

Oxellum Montes, C. g.

Oxellum Promont. H. h., 91

P.

Paludes, K. f.

Parisii Pop. G. g., 91

D. Patricius, 100

S. Paulinus Legatus, 107

Pennocrucium Statio, 96

Penoxullum Prom. C. h., 94

Pertinax Legatus, 108

Petuaria Urbs, G. g., 91, 97

N. Philippus Legatus, 108

Phœnices Pop., 88, 103

Picti Pop., 93, 99, 105, 106

Pigrum Mare, 101

A. Plautius Legatus, 106

Plinius Philosophus, 84, 89

Ad Pontem Statio, 97

Plumbum album, 85

Pluto Deus, 83

Prima Provincia, K. g. L. d. e. f., 85, 86, 88

Portus Anderida, 97 Felix, G. g., 91, 97 Magnus, 87, 97 Rhutupis, 79, 86 Sistuntiorum, G. f., 96

Præfectus Prætorii Galliæ, 86

Præsides Prov., _ib._

Prasutagus Rex, 91

Prætentura, _i. e._ Vallum, 92

Præturia Statio, 96

Præturium, _id._

Ptolemæus Geographus, 80, 90, 95, 100

Ptoraton, C. h. Metrop. Lat. j. don., 93, 95, 96

Pyrenæus Mons, N. b.

R.

Racina Insula, D. E. d., 101

Ragæ Civitas Stipend. H. g., 91, 95

Ratiscorion Urbs, 97

Regentium Urbs, 87

Regia Urbs, G. b. & L. a., 99

Regiminis Forma apud Britones, 82 in Provinciis Roman. Britann., 86

Regnum Brigantiæ, 91 Cantiorum, 87 Cassium, 90 Icenorum, 91 Silurum, 89

Regnum, _sive_ Regentium, Urbs, 87, 97

Regulbium, K. h., 86, 97

Reguli, 86

Religio Brittonum, 82, 83

Rerigonum Urbs, _sive_ Rerigonium, E. e., 91, 96

Rerigonus Sinus, D. e.

Reuda Rex, 105

Rheba Metropolis, H. b.

Rhebius Fluvius, H. b., 99, 100

Rhebius Lacus, G. b., _ib._

Rhemi Pop. _vide_ Bibroci.

Rhenus Fluv., 87

Rhobogdii Populi, F. d. c. b., 99

Rhobogdium Urbs, _ib._

Rhobogdium Prom. E. d., _ib._

Rhodanus Fluv., 91

Rhutupi Col. & Metrop. K. h., 86

Rhutupina Littora, _ib._ Ostrea, _ib._

Rhutupis Colonia 86, 95 Portus 79, 86, 97

Ricardus monachus Westmonasteriensis, 103

Ricnea Insula, _vide_ Racina

Roma Urbs, 82, 103, 106

Romana Insula, _i. e._ Brittania, 90

Romani Populi, _passim_

Rufina Urbs, M. b. _sive_ Rhufina, 99

Rutunium Statio, 96

S.

Sabrina Æstuar. K. f.

Sabrina Fluvius, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90

Sabrinæ Fretum, 88

Ad Sabrinam Statio, 97

Sacrum Extremum, 99

Sacrum Prom. I. d., _ib._

Salinæ Urbs. I. f., 90, 96

Sariconium Urbs, _vide_ Ariconium

Sarmatæ Pop., 94

Sarna Insula, 101

Saturninus Præf. Class., 107

Saxones Pop., 105

Scotti Pop. G. c. H. b., 93, 99, 100

Scotia insula, 100

Secunda Prov. H. f. I. e.

Segontiaci Pop. K. g., 87

Segontium Civitas Stipend. H. e., 89, 96

Selgovæ Pop. F. f., 92 Regio, _ib._

Ad Selinam Statio, 96

Sena Fluvius, L. a., 99, 100

Senæ Fons, H. c.

Sena Insula, N. e., 101

Senæ Sacerdotes, _ib._

Senæ desertæ Insulæ, L. a.

Senones Pop., 87, 103

C. Sentius Legatus, 106

Senus Fluvius, _vide supra_ Sena

Septemtriones, 79, 80, 85, 98

Sepulchra Brittonum, 82

Sequana Fluvius, M. h.

Seteia Fluvius, H. f., 91

Severus Imperator, 105, 108

S. Severus Legatus, 107

Sexta Colonia, Eboracum, 91, 95, 96

Sicilia Insula, 79, 108

Sigdiles Insulæ, _vide supra_ Cassiterides.

Silimnus Insula, 101

Silures Pop. I. f. e., 80, 85, 88, 89, 90

Sinus Aquatanici pars, N. d.

Sistuntii Pop. F. G. f.

Sistuntiorum Portus, 96

Sitomagus Statio, 96

Sorbiodunum Civitas, Lat. jure don. K. f., 87, 95, 97

Solinus Polyhistor, 81, 88, 98, 100, 101

Sotheamptona, 87

Spinæ Statio, 97

Stannum, 81, 88

Stilicho Dux, 105

Stuccia Fluvius, I. a.

Straba Fluvius, B. h.

Strabo Philosophus, 82

Status Belgicus, 86 Cantianus, _ib._ Damnonicus, _ib._

Ad Sturium Amnem Statio, 96

Sturius Fluvius, 87

Suetonius Historicus, 104

Suetonius Paulinus Legatus, 91, 104, 107

Sulomagus Statio, 96

Surius Fluvius, I. h., 90, K. h., 87

Sygdiles Insulæ, _vide supra_

Sylva Caledonia, H. g., 87, 91, 94

T.

Tabulæ veterum Geogr., 79, 80

C. Tacitus Historicus, 80, 81, 90, 100, 106

Taixali Populi, 93

Taixalorum Angulus, 80 Prom. C. i., 93

Tamara Fluvius, M. d., 88

Tamara Urbs, _ib._

Tamarus Fl., _ut supra_

Tamea Urbs, D. g., 93, 97

Tamesis Statio, 96

Ad Tavum Statio, 96

Tavus Fluvius, D. g., 87, 92, 93

Termolum Urbs, K. e., 88

Termolus, _idem_

Teutones Populi in Hybernia, 99

Texalii Pop. D. h. _vide_ Taixali

Thamesis Fluvius, K. g., 85, 87, 88, 89, 90, 96

Thanatos Insula, K. h., 101

Theodosia Civitas, Latio Jure don. E. f., 93, 95

Theodosius Imp., 92, 93, 105

Thermæ Colonia, K. f., 87, 104 Cognom. Aquæ Solis, 95

Thetis Dea pro Oceano, 86, 106

Thule Insula ultima, A. i., 100, 101 Provincia, 93

Tiberius Imperator, 106

Tibia Fluvius, 97

Tibius, I. e., _idem_

Tina Fluvius, E. h. & F. g., 92, 93

Ad Tinam Statio, 96

Tinctura coccinei Coloris mirifica, 85

Tisa Fluvius, G. g., 96

Ad Tisam Statio, _ib._

Titius Fluvius, N. f.

Tobius Fluvius, I. e.

Tosibus Fluvius, 89

Traditiones, 90, 92

Trajanus Imperator, 89, 106

Trajectus Statio, 97

Trebellius Legatus, 107

Trebellius Maximus Legatus, _ib._

Trimontium Urbs, 92, 96

Trinobantes Pop. I. h., 90

Trinobantum Regio, _ib._

Trinovantum Urbs, _ib._

Tripontium Statio, 96, 97

Trisanton Fluvius, L. g.

Trivona Fluvius, H. f., 91

Ad Trivonam Statio, 97

Trophæum, vel Ara quædam, E. g.

Tueda Fluvius, E. f., 92, 96

Ad Tuedam Statio, _ibid._

Tuerbius Fluvius, I. e.

Tuessis Fluvius, D. h., 93 Urbs, _ibid._

Ad Tuessim Statio, 96

Turpilianus Legatus, 107

U.

Vaga Fluvius, I. f.

Vagnaca Statio, 97

Valentia Provinc. _sive_ Valentiana, E. f. g. F. f. g., 85, 89, 92

Vallum Antonini, E. f., 96 Severinum, F. g.

Ad Vallum Statio, 96, 97

Vacomagi Populi, D. g., 93

Vanduaria Urbs, E. f., 92

Varæ Statio, 96, 97

Varar Æstuarium, D. h. Fluvius, 86, 94

Varionius Legatus, _rectiùs_ Verannius, 106

Vataræ Statio, 96

Vecta, _sive_ Vectis Insula, L. g., 101, 104, 106

Vecturones Populi, E. g., 93

Vedræ Fluvius, F. g.

Velaborii, _sive_ Velatorii Populi, L. a., 99

Venetæ, _sive_ Veneti Populi, N. f., 80

Venicniæ Pop., 99 Insulæ, _ib._

Venicnium Caput, _ib._

Venisnia Insula, F. a., 99

Vennonæ Urbs, _vide_ Bennonæ _&_ Benonæ _supra_

Vennicnii Populi, G. a. _vide_ Venicniæ Pop.

Vennicnium Prom. _v._ Venicnium Caput.

Venricones Populi, E. g., 93

Venromentum Statio, 97

Venta Urbs, K. f., 97 Belgarum, K. g. Civit. Stipend., 87 Cenom. I. h. Civit. Stipend., 90, 95, 96 Silurum, K. f. Civ. Stip., 88, 95, 97

Ventageladia Statio, 97

Venutius Rex, 89

Verannius Legatus, _vide supra_.

Vergivus Oceanus, _v. supra_ Oceanus.

Vericonium Urbs, H. f., 89

Verlucio Statio, 97

Verolamium Municipium, I. g., 90, 95, 96

Verubium Promont., 94

Verulamium Mun. _vide supra_.

Vespasiana quæ et Thule Prov. D. f. g. h., 86, 92, 93, 105, 107

Vespasianus Imperator, 88, 104, 106, 107

Vestigia Authorum, 86

Vetera Monumenta, 87

Veterum Traditiones, _ib._ _vide_ Traditiones.

Via Guethelinga, _v. supra in_ G. Julia, 97

Vicarius Brittaniæ, 86

Victoria Dea, 83, 90

Victoria, E. g. Civitas Lat. J. don., 93, 95, 96, 97

Vidogara Fluvius, E. e.

Vidua Fluvius, F. b., 99

Ad Vigesimum Statio, 97

Vindelia Insula, L. f. _sive_ Vindelios, 101

Vindelis Prom. L. f.

Vinderus Fluvius, F. d., 99

Vindomora Statio, 96

Vindomum, _sive_ Vindonum, &c. K. g. Civitas Stipend., 87, 95, 97

Vinovium Urbs, F. g., 91, 96

Vindovium, _idem_

Vinvedrum Prom., 94

Virgilius Maro, 79, 100

Viriconium, & Virioconium, _vide supra_ Vericonium.

Virvedrum Prom. A. i. _v._ Vinvedrum.

Verubrium Prom. B. h. _v._ Verubium.

Visci Æstimatio, 83

Vitucadrus, Mars Brit., 83

Ulysses in Brittania, 93

Ulyssis Ara, _vide in_ A.

Vodiæ Populi, L. b., 99

Vodium, _ib._

Volantii Pop., 91, 99

Volsas Sinus, B. g., 94

Voluba Urbs, M. d., 88, 97

Voluntii Pop. F. G. f. & G. d. _v._ Volantii.

Vorreda Statio, 96

L. Urbicus Legatus, 107

Uriconium, _vide supra_ Vericonium Urbs.

Urioconium, _idem_

Urus Fluvius, 91

Uxaconia Statio, 96

Uxella Fluvius, K. e., 88, 92

Uxella Mons, E. e., 92

Uxella Urbs, L. f., 88

Ad Uxellam Amnem, 97

Uxellum Urbs, F. f., 92

W.

Wantsua Æstuarium, 101

Wallia Regio, 88

West-Chestur. 90

THE PLATES IN _ITINERARIUM CURIOSUM_, Cent. II. And where explained.

VOLUME I.

Page

1 MONUMENT of Littlebury in Holbeach Church 20

2 Holbeach Cross 23

3 Boston Cross 32

4 View of Croyland Abbey 33

5 Prospect of Alcester, _Alauna_ 40

6 _Alauna_, another View 40

7 _Tamese_, Tame 43

8 _Branavis_, Banbury 48

9 _Præsidium_, Warwick 49

10 _Spinæ_, Newbury 63

11 _Cunetio_, Marlborough 63

12 _Glevum_, Gloucester 67

13 _Durobrivis_, Caster in Northamptonshire 82

14 Brig-Casterton 84

15 Ancaster 86

16 _Abontrus_, Wintringham 95

17 _Aquis_, Aukborough 96

18 Thornton College Gate-house 100

19 Caster in Lincolnshire 101

20 Syser Spring there, a Roman work 102

21 _Crocolana_, Brough 103

22 _Vernometum_, Burrow hill 108

23 Roman Building at Leicester 109

24 _Rawdikes_, a British Cursus near Leicester 109

25 View of Rawdikes

26 Another of the same

27 Another View

28 _Benavona_, Weedon on the Street 114

29 _Durocobrivis_, Berghamstead 116

30 Roman Wall at Rochester 120

31 Prospect of Kit’s-Coty House, Kent 120

32 Ditto to the North-east

33 View from Kit’s-Coty House

34 Another View of it

35 _Portus Rutupia_, from Sandwich 124

36 Amphitheatre at Richborough 125

37 Prospect towards Deal, from a Barrow near Walmer Castle

38 Roman _Dubris_ 127

39 Prospect of Dover 128

40 Appearance of Dover when Cæsar landed

41 Roman Monuments found at Bath 148

42 _Pars Brigantia_, a Map 6

43 Silchester Amphitheatre 178

44 _Caleva Atrebatum_, Farnham 202

45 Roman Camp at Bere Regis 189

46 _Regnum_, Ringwood 190

VOLUME II.

47 _Cæsaromagus_, Chelmsford 12

48 _Camulodunum_, Colchester

49 Profile of Julius Cæsar, from a Marble of Dr. Mead’s

50 The Carpentry of Cæsar’s Bridge over the Rhine

51 Side View of Cæsar’s Bridge

52 Cæsar’s Camp at Deal

53 Cæsar’s Passage over the Stour near Chilham

54 Cæsar’s Camp on Barham Downs 7

55 View from a Roman Tumulus on Barham Downs

56 Julaber’s Grave

57 Another view of Julaber’s Grave from Chilham

58 Cæsar’s Camp at Shepherton 2

59 Cæsar’s Camp on Greenfield Common 7

60 Cæsar’s Camp on Hounslow Heath 2

61 Cæsar’s Camp at Pancras 1, 8

62 Cæsar’s Camp at Kingsbury 2

63 Roman Camp at Ravensbury

64 Roman Inscriptions (Vol. I.) 67, 91

65 Roman Gate at Chester 31

66 Roman Altars found at Chester 32

67 Carving on a Rock near Chester 33

68 A Sculpture found at Rissingham

69 Roman Monuments in Durham Library 71

70 Roman Altar found at Elenborough 49

71 Back View of the Altar found at Elenborough 49

72 Basso Relievo’s found at Elenborough 49

73 Roman Inscriptions found at Elenborough 49

74 Inscriptions found near the Picts Wall 61

75 Prospect of Chester on the Wall, and the Picts Wall 60

76 Antiquities at Housteeds near the Wall 60

77 Track of the Wall towards Newcastle 66

78 Cove at Stanton Drew 172

79 Two Views at Stanton Drew 173, 176

80 Druid Temples

81 Druid Temples

82 View of the Giant’s Castle in Glenbegg, Scotland

83 Celtic Temples

84 British Circus near Penrith 43

85 Six Barrows near Stevenage, Herts

86 Celtic Monuments in Germany

87 Celtic Monuments in Ireland

88 Celtic Monuments in Zeeland

89 Celtic Monuments in Ireland

90 Devil’s Arrows near Burrowbridge 74

91 Druid Temple and Grove at Trerdrew, Anglesey

92 Druid Temple at Winterburn

93 Kromlechen

94 Celtic Sepulchres

95 Celtic Sepulchres

96 Brass Celts

97 View of Malling Abbey

98 South Arch of York Choir

99 Kirkley’s Abbey, Yorkshire

100 Religious Ruins

101 Temple of the Winds at Athens (Vol. I.) _Pref._

102 Temple of Minerva at Syracuse (Vol. I.) _Pref._

103 Bust of Marcus Modius at Wilton (Vol. I.) 185

Mappa Brittaniæ Faciei Romanæ, secundùm Fidem Monumentorum perveterum depicta.

THE END.

ERRATA.

Vol. I. _Page_ 185. _for_ TAB. XLIV. _read_ TAB. CIII. 2d Vol. 202. _for_ TAB. XLVI. _read_ TAB. XLIV. 2d Vol. Vol. II. _Page_ 49. Iter Boreale, _for_ TAB. LXIII, _read_ TAB. LXXIII. 71. —— —— _for_ TAB. LXXIV. _read_ TAB. LXIX. 177. Last line, _for_ of nature, _read_, of this nature.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] _Covinus Cimbricus, sicut hodie utuntur._

[2] In one of the carved monuments Venus stands in an apartment of a building, seeming to be combing her hair; perhaps from a bath. However, at Rome was a statue of Venus holding a comb, not an improper utensil for the goddess of beauty, not a little of which consists in the hair. Thus says Claudian,

_Thessalico roseos nectebat pectine crines._

So Juno, when dressing herself to recover the love of her husband, is represented by the father of the poets combing her hair: Il. ξ. _depexos nitide nodo substricta capillos_. But the reason of the statue before mentioned was thus: there was a cutaneous distemper among the Roman women, injurious to their hair; for they were forced to cut it all off: therefore they dedicated a statue to _Venus Pectinigera_, upon which their hair came again as fine as ever. This story is told in Suidas.

[3] Solinus cap. XXII. de mirabilibus Britanniæ. Mela de Situ Orbis lib. III. cap. V.

[4] Iliad Σ. v. 606. & Ξ. v. 200. Florus Histor. Rom. lib. I. cap. XIII. Rutilii Numat. Itin.

[5] Strabo de Geogr. lib. I. p. 4, 9, &c.

[6] Exodus cap. III. v. 3.

[7] Stromat. lib. VI. p. 658.

[8] Aristoteles lib. de Mundo c. III. Plinius Nat. Hist. lib. II. c. LXVI. LXVII. LXVIII. &c. M. Capella lib. VI. &c. &c.

[9] Strabo Geogr. lib. passim. Dionysius Characenus passim. Mela de Situ Orbis lib. I. c. 1. & III. c. 1. Æthicus, Rufus Festus Avienus de Ora Marit. v. 390, &c. &c.

[10] Johannes Tzetza variæ Histor. Chiliad. 8. Philostratus L. apud Photium, p. 1011.

[11] Orpheus, Homerus, Cointus Smyrnæus, &c. fere omnes.

[12] Fere omnes, uno ore.

[13] Cosmas Ægyptus Cosmogr. Christian. lib. II. p. 131, &c. &c.

[14] Vide infra N. 45. & Ricard. p. 12. XII. &c.

[15] Æneid. lib. VIII. v. 727. B. Hieronymus ad Gerontiam sub fin. Plinius N. H. lib. XIX. c. I. Julius Celsus in vita Cæsaris, p. 44.

[16] Servius Honoratus, ad loc. cit. Virgilii.

[17] e XII. Panegyricis unus p. 265. Edit. Stephani.

[18] Æthicus Cosmogr. p. 705. Isidorus Hisp. Orig. lib. XIV. c. VI.

[19] Catullus in Cæsarem epigr. 30. v. 13.

[20] Vet. Epigram. apud Scaligerum.

[21] Apud Jornandem de Rebus Geticis.

[22] XII. Panegyr. p. 258.

[23] Sed vide Cæsar de Bello Gal. lib. V. c. XIII.

[24] Pag. 1.

[25] Caput de Brit.

[26] In Cæsarem epigr. XXX. v. 4.

[27] Ad Furium & Aur. epigr. XI. v. 12.

[28] Ode XXXV. ad Fortunam.

[29] Tom. V. p. 848.

[30] Hegessipus lib. II. c. IX.

[31] Ricard. p. 25.

[32] Hegessipus.

[33] De Bello Pharsal. lib. VIII. v. 442.

[34] Lib. X. v. 456.

[35] De Malii Theodosii Cons. v. 51

[36] Solinus Cap. de Britannia.

[37] Vet. Poet. apud Scaligerum.

[38] Isidorus Hisp. orig. lib. XIV. c. VI. e Virgilio Ecl. I. v. 67.

[39] Alfredus apud Higdenum.

[40] Vet. Poet. apud Scalig.

[41] Ibid.

[42] Lib. III. c. X.

[43] Appianus in Præf. vide & Isidorum Hisp. vel potius Solinum apud Ricardum p. 101. XXI.

[44] L. Florus lib. III. cap. X.

[45] De Secundo Cons. Fl. Stilichonis v. 149.

[46] Cosmogr. Christ. p. 113.

[47] Lib. LX. p. 957.

[48] Vet. Poet. apud Scalig.

[49] Hegessipus.

[50] Maximiano & Constantino dictus p. 258.

[51] Ibid.

[52] Vellejus Paterculus Histor. Rom. lib. II.

[53] Panegyr. supra-laudatus p. 262.

[54] Cap. II. p. 98. editionis Havn.

[55] Lib. de Mundo. c. III. Plinius Nat. Hist. lib. III. cap. I.

[56] Tacitus vita Agricolæ c. XXXVIII.

[57] Dio Cassius Hist. Rom. lib. XXXIX. pag. 114.

[58] Nat. Hist. lib. IV. cap. XVI.

[59] Cap. de Britannia.

[60] Lib. VI.

[61] Lib. I. cap. II.

[62] Cosmogr. p. 730.

[63] Cap. I. p. 67.

[64] Hist. Eccl. lib. I. cap. I.

[65] Cap. II. p. 97.

[66] Hist. Rom. lib. LXXVI. p. 867.

[67] De rebus Geticis.

[68] Elphinstone’s new correct Map of North Britain.

[69] ° ´ Joh. Speed in Theatre, p. 131. ad 60 25 Herm. Moll in Tour through G. B. vol. III. 59 20 Rob. Gordon Atl. Blavian. vol. VI. 59 18 Joh. Senex General Atlas, p. 233. 59 13 Rob. Mordon in Cambd. Brit. 59 8 De Wit and Danckert’s Maps 59 2 Tim. Pont. Atl. Blav. vol. VI. 58 57 Jos. Kelly Navig. p. 91. 58 47 J. Seller’s Tables, p. 292. 58 37 J. Elphinstone’s Map, 1745. 58 31

[70] Secundum pag. 94. LIV.

[71] Solinus cap. de Brit.

[72] Observationes ad P. Melam Hagæ comitis 1658. 4.

[73] Johannis, Jacobi & Abrahami Gronovii Editiones Pompon. Melæ, Julii Honorii, Æthic. &c. Lugd. Bat. 1685. 8. 1696. 8. & 1722. 8. Maj.

[74] Primitus hæc insula vocabatur _Albion_ ab Albis rupibus circa littora maris a longe apparentibus. R. Higdeni Polychron. lib. I. p. 191.

[75] Pag. 157.

[76] Aristoteles lib. de Mundo cap. III. Plinius H. N. lib. IV. c. XVI. Ptolemæus Geogr. lib. II. c. III. &c. Buchananus eam _Albium_ appellat.

[77] Diodorus Siculus Biblioth. Hist. lib. II. c. III. è Hecatæo, &c.

[78] Platonis Timæus.

[79] Plin. N. H. lib. VII. cap. LVI. Κασσίτερα apud Steph. Byzant. de urbibus.

[80] Vopiscus in Floriano. Prosper Aquitanus apud _Cambd._ Brit. p. XXVII. Gildas de excid. Brit. cap. V. X. & XIV. Ricardus Corin. lib. I. cap. VI. 29. &c.

[81] Silius Italicus lib. XVII. v. 421. Ricardus Corin. lib. I. cap. VI. 50. e Cl. Claudiano de IV. cons Honorii v. 32. Arnsgrimus Jonas Specim. Island. Hist. parte II. pag. 120. Sir Robert Sibbald apud Cambdenum edit. Gibsoni, p. 1089, &c.

[82] Cambd. Brit. pag. 27. Seldenus in Polyolbion, p. 20.

[83] Cambdenus, ut supra.

[84] Lhuydii Archæolog. Brit. pag. 219. col. 4.

[85] Histor. Rom. lib. LXII. pag. 702.

[86] Plin. N. H. lib. IV. cap. XVI.

[87] Perottus, Lilius Gyraldus, Cambdenus, &c.

[88] Lib. de Mundo c. III.

[89] Vide Notes on Cambden’s Brit. Edit. Gibs. p. 18. (X).

[90] Bocharti Canaan, lib. I. c. XXXIX.

[91] Strabo Geogr. lib. II. p. 191.

[92] N. H. lib. XXXIV. cap. XVI.

[93] Ut supra pag. 721.

[94] a _Brith_, Britannica voce, addita Græca terminatione _tania_ pag. 28, 29, 30. Edit. Gibsoni.

[95] Glossarium Antiq. Britann. voce _Alvion_, p. 13.

[96] A littoribus ferventibus, & mari vel oceano circumfluo tam mire semper æstuoso. Glossarium ad X. Scriptores voce _Britannia_.

[97] Consulas omnino Daviesium, Lhuydium & Boxhornium, qui Lexica Britannicæ ling. scripserunt.

[98] History of the World, lib. I. cap. VIII. § 5. nec non & Robinson Annal. Mundi, pag. 97.

[99] Hist. ut supra. l. c.

[100] De Situ Orbis, lib. III. cap. I.

[101] Ptolemæus Geogr. lib. II. c. II.

[102] _Transiit_ (D. Paulus) _Oceanum & qua facit insula portum, Quasque Britannus habet terras, quasque ultima Thule._

Venantius Fortunatus, &c.

[103] Hist. of Great Brit.

[104] In Glossar. ad X. Script. voce _Brit._

[105] Unam tantum exhibere volo. Inter Cn. Pompejum & Cn. Vibium humili loco natum, tantus error extitit de paribus lineamentis, ut Romani Vibium Pompeji _nomine_, Pompejum Vibii _vocabulo_ cognominarent. Solinus cap I.

[106] Aristoteles, Diodorus, Strabo, Ptolemæus, Agathemerus, Polyænus, Dio, Clemens Alex. Epitom. Strab. D. Joh. Chrysostomus tom. III. Joan. Tzetza, &c.

[107] Cleomedes, Nummus Alabandensis, M. Heracleota, Chrysostomus tom. IV & V. Polyænus, &c.

[108] M. Heracleota, p. 57, 58, 59, 60, Ptolemæus apud Steph. de urbibus.

[109] M. Heracleota, p. 57, 58, 59.

[110] Apud Camb. Brit. p. 1.

[111] Dionysius Char. Polybius, Joh. Tzetza, &c.

[112] Aristoteles, M. Heracl. p. 9, 33.

[113] Ptolemæus, Agathemerus, &c.

[114] Johan. Tzetza.

[115] Lucius Ampelius.

[116] Lib. VIII. p. 526.

[117] Aped Gruter. p. CCCCLXXXII.

[118] Strabo, &c.

[119] Dionysius, &c.

[120] Monachi fere omnes.

[121] Juvenalis Lib. V. v. 705. Martialis lib. IX. epig. 22. Inscriptiones variæ.

[122] Inscrip. variæ, Ausonius, &c. Romani suos provinciales constanter _Britannos_, dicunt; quanquam ipsi provinciales sese _Brittones_ appellari gaudeant. Buchan. Rerum Scot. lib. I. c. I.

[123] Lib. IV. c. XVI.

[124] Pag. 673. tom. III. p. 676 tom. III. p. 696. tom. V. p. 635. tom. V. p. 846. tom. VI. p. 111. tom. VIII. &c.

[125] Joh. Tzetzæ variæ Hist. Chil. 8. cap. CCXVII. v. 719, &c.

[126] Lib. de Mundo cap. III.

[127] Orbis descrip. v. 565.

[128] Lib. II. de Geogr. cap. IV. p. 39.

[129] De Mundo liber.

[130] Dionysius Characen. Orb. desc. v. 566, &c.

[131] Chil. 8. 678.

[132] Lib. I. de Geogr. c. II. p. 5. Vide & Non. Marcell. c. I. de prop. sermon.

[133] Noct. Attic, lib. II. cap. XXII.

[134] Lib. de Mundo, cap. III.

[135] Johan. Tzetza, Chil. 8. 626.

[136] De situ Daniæ, cap. I.

[137] De situ Orbis, lib. II. c. VI.

[138] De Geogr. lib. IV. cap. 45. & V. cap. 4.

[139] De situ Brit. lib. I. cap. VIII. 10.

[140] Cæsar de Bello Gall. lib. II. cap. IV.

[141] Cæsar de B. G. lib. V. cap. XXIII.

[142] Notæ in Cæsar. p. 124.

[143] Descript. Orbis, v. 284, &c.

[144] Edit. Oxoniæ Hudson. 1717. 8. p. 50. No. I.

[145] Hist R. lib. XXXIX. pag. 114. consulas & Phil. Trans. N. 193.

[146] Hist. Nat. lib. III. cap I.

[147] e Thesauro Oyzeliano XXVII. Tab 12. exhibet Grævius in Florum p. 526. Edit. Amst. 1702. 8. Maj.

[148] Hist. Rom. lib. LXXVI. p. 867.

[149] Edit. Havniæ 1757, p. 67.

[150] Cosmog. p. 731. Edit. Gron.

[151] Hist. lib. I. cap. II.

[152] Rom. Hist. lib. LXXVI. p. 867.

[153] In Geticis suis.

[154] Vide infra, pag. 162.

[155] Hist. Eccl. lib. I. cap. I.

[156] Origin. lib. XIV. c. VI.

[157] Caput de Brit.

[158] Apud Salmasium. Plin. Exercit. cap. XXIII.

[159] X̅X̅X̅ oportet legere.

[160] Editor Bedæ oper. Cantabr. 1722. Fol. Maj.

[161] Nat. Hist. lib. II. cap. CVIII.

[162] Censorinus de Die Nat. cap. XIII.

[163] In oratione Ægyptiaca.

[164] Ogyg. p. 11, 12, &c. Inis Mor. apud Cambd. Brit. p. 6. (h.)

[165] Philostr. Dion.

[166] Geogr. script. Græcorum min. 8. Oxoniæ 1703.

[167] Vide supra, pag. 157. N. 52.

[168] Mela de situ Orbis, lib. III. cap. VI.

[169] Comment. de B. G. lib. V. c. XIII.

[170] Biblioth. Hist. lib. V. c. XXI.

[171] Geogr. lib. IV. p. 199.

[172] De Bell. Gal. lib. V. cap. XIII.

[173] Philos. Trans. N. 330. pag. 266.

[174] Bibl. Hist. lib. V. cap. XXI.

[175] Geogr. lib. II. pag. 63, & 128.

[176] De Bell. Gall. lib. V. cap. XIII.

[177] Bibl. Hist. lib. V. c. XXI.

[178] Geogr. lib. IV. p. 199.

[179] Iliad Σ. 487.

[180] Ptolemæus, &c.

[181] Bibl. Hist. lib. V. c. XXI.

[182] De Bell. Gall. lib. V. cap. XIII.

[183] Bibl. Hist. lib. V. cap. XXI.

[184] Geogr. lib. IV. p. 199.

[185] Ibid. lib. II. p. 128.

[186] N. H. lib. IV. c. XVI.

[187] Lib. IV. p. 215.

[188] Cap. de Brit.

[189] Geogr. lib. II. p. 104.

[190] N. H. lib. IV. c. XVI.

[191] N. H. lib. III. c. I.

[192] Philos. Trans. N. 330. p. 266.

[193] P. 79. & 161.

[194] Vita Agricolæ, c. II.

[195] N. Salmon’s New Survey of England, vol. II. p. 841.

[196] Geogr. lib. II. p. 118, & 122.

[197] Descriptio Orbis, v. 7.

[198] Geogr. lib. II. p. 127, & 137.

[199] Polybius lib. II. p. 142. Plin. N. H. lib. III. c. V. Solinus c. VIII.]

[200] Hist. Rom. lib. CV. apud Tacitum. Vita Agr. c. X.

[201] Apud Tacitum, l. c.

[202] Climat. VII. part. II. p. 272.

[203] Bibl. Hist. lib. V. c. XXI.

[204] Geogr. lib. IV. p. 199.

[205] De situ Orbis, lib. III. c. VI.

[206] Nostra autem ætas ex multis multorum itineribus certam quodammodo totius insulæ jam deprehendit dimensionem, a _Tarvisio_ enim circumactis curvatisque littoribus per occasum ad _Belerium_ plus minus DCCCXII mill. pass. numerantur, inde conversa in austrum littoris fronte ad _Cantium_ CCCXX mill. pass. Hinc secundum Germanicum mare angulosis recessibus per DCCIIII. mill. pass. ad _Tarvisium_ protenditur, ut hac ratione totius insulæ ambitus MDCCCXXXVI. mill. colligat. _Brit._ p. 2. id est, 2140 milliaria Regia Statutaria.

[207] N. Hist. lib. IV. c. XVI.

[208] Supra, p. 90 & 100. Anonymus Ravenn. Geogr. lib. IV. cap. iv. & xi. Frontem codicis, qui in Biblioth. D. Marci Venetiis extat, ornat effigies Ptolemæi, vestitu regio induti, imposita capiti corona, error est, nonnullis quoque viris recentioris ac medii ævi. Symoni Grynæo in Præfat. ad Almagestum Basileæ 1538. &c. &, ut Vossius de Scient. Mathemat. p. 162. testatur, ante eum aliis.

[209] Lib. de rebus Geticis.

[210] De Bell. Gall. lib. V. c. XIII.

[211] Vide Horsley’s Britannia Romana, p. 361. nec non Philos. Transact. No. 190, 241, 255.

[212] Vide Dr. Stukeley’s Carausius, p. 134 & 169, &c.

[213] Geogr. lib. II. c. III.

Transcriber’s Notes:

- Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_). - Text enclosed by pluses is in small caps (+Small Caps+). - Text enclosed by equals is in antiqua (=antiqua=). - A table of contents has been added. - Blank pages have been removed. - Obvious typographical errors have been silently corrected. - Errata have been applied.