Chapter 5 of 7 · 2510 words · ~13 min read

M.

Madiais, offence and punishment of the, 487

Madrid, insurrection of the Jesuits in, 350, 451

Maintenon, Madame de, 270, 272

Malabar, mission of Xavier to, 103

Malacca, Jesuit mission to, 104

Malta, commerce of the Jesuits in, 337

Manifesto against the Confessors, 335

Manifesto against the Jesuits in Portugal, 342

Marca, Archbishop of Toulouse, persecutes the Jesuits, 269

Mariana, John, on the “Political Creed” of the Jesuits, 192

Martyrs of the Society, 262, 408

Mary of England receives the Jesuits, 152

—— of Scotland, 162

Mass, benefits procured by, 46

Massacre of the Huguenots, 271

—— —— on St. Bartholomew’s Eve, 159; consequences of the, 179

Maynooth, college of, 461

Mazzarini, 267

Memorial of the Jesuits in England to the Pope, 163, 285

Mercurianus elected General, 149; character and death of, 150; submission of the Jesuits to, 209

Metternich refuses to admit the Jesuits to Austria, 452

Missionaries, Jesuit, first sent to England, 64-66

Missions of the Jesuits in America, 301-313

—— —— in China, 105, 297

—— —— in England, 151, 171

—— —— in Europe generally, 62

—— —— in France, 179

—— —— in Germany, 75

—— —— to the Holy Land, 24, 25

—— —— in India, 96-129, 297

—— —— in Ireland, 152

—— —— in Portugal, 171-175

—— —— in Scotland, 152, 169

—— —— political, of the Jesuits to England, 63

Modena, Jesuits in, 469

Mohilow, Bishop of, 431

Molina, on the doctrine of Free Will, 231

Molinism, 231

Monastery of Port Royal, destruction of, 274

Monasteries, 369 _n._

Monks, Benedictine, 466

Month of Mary, or period consecrated to the worship of the Virgin, 249

Morality of the Jesuits, 238

Morals, Jesuit Code of, 230-252

N.

Nantes, edict of, passed, 270; revoked, 271

Naples, political reform encouraged in, 331; Jesuits expelled from, 358; re-established in, 485; government of, 486

Napoleon, fall of, 436; causes of the, 447, 448; Jesuits encouraged by, 455

—— Louis, his connection with the Jesuits, 438, 454, 491; supports the Pope in the late revolution, 475

Nevil, the conspirator, 165

Nickel, General, 319; is deposed, 320

Nobili, Father, 108

Norwich, Jesuits established in, 459

Novices, 46

Novitiates, 408, 451

Noyelle, General, 324

Nuns, 233; persecution of, 269, 270

O.

Oates, character and plot of, 292, 293

Officers of the Order, 38, 54-56

Oldcorne, Father, 289 _n._

Oliva, General, 320; character of, 321; corresponds with the sovereigns of Europe, 322

Olivarez, attacks the Jesuits, 389

Order of Cordeliers, 369

—— of Franciscans, 369, 371

—— of Jesuits, origin of the, 9; founders of the, 29; generals of the, see “Generals;” companions of the, 23; assemblies of the, 53; progress of the, 57, 62; causes which led to its ultimate destruction, 228, 325-327; new phase of the history of, 253; reform of, demanded, 346; abolition of, 348, 350, 355, 362; suppression of, 360, 382, 383; policy of the, 433; re-establishment of, in Rome, 439; present designs of, 466

—— of Theatines, 25

Orders suppressed by the Popes, 389

—— religious, instituted by the Jesuits, 455

Oudinot, General, 475, 479

P.

Padua, Jesuit college founded at, 62

Palafox, Bishop, history of, 309

Palestine, pilgrimage of Loyola to, 21, 26

Pampeluna, Loyola wounded at the siege of, 11

Papists, 293; efforts of the, to restore Romanism into England, 464

Paraguay, Jesuits established at, 301

Paris, operations of the League in, 181; siege of, 184

Parma, Jesuits expelled from, 358

—— Duke of, excommunicated, 359

Parry, William, his project to assassinate Queen Elizabeth, 164; trial and execution of, 165

Parson, heads the Jesuit mission to England, 154, 155; is persecuted by the English, 160; escapes to France, 164; attempt to dispose of the crown, 284

Pascal, on “Invincible Ignorance,” 240; exposes the Jesuit constitution, 345

Pasquier, on “the Jesuits in Portugal,” 172, 173

Passports, spiritual, granted by the Jesuits, 323, 324

Paul III, 28; issues a bull in favour of the Jesuits, 62; sends Jesuits to Ireland, 64

—— IV, Caraffa, 24, 25; opposes the Jesuits, 94; at war with Spain, 133; death of, 139

—— V, 232

Pellico, Francis, on the “Secret Class,” 46

Percy, reveals the Gunpowder Plot, 285

Persecutions of the Protestants in France, 159, 179, 269-271; in Germany, 201, 278, 279; in the Papal States, 477; in Poland, 202, 280; in Wilna, 280

Philip II, 136; opposes the Jesuits, 140; is crowned King of Portugal, 174; joins the League, 182; character of, 267

—— III, Jesuit influence under, 275

—— IV, 274

—— of Orleans, made Regent of France, 330

Philosophers, 6

Piccolomini, 278; elected General, 319

Piedmont, exclusion of the Jesuits from, 487, 488

Pierre Caraffa, see Paul IV

Pilgrimages of Loyola, 21, 24, 26

Pius V, character of, 146; subjects the Jesuits to monastic duties, 148; issues a bull against Queen Elizabeth, 153

Pius VI, 426

—— VII, 438; the Order of Jesuits re-established by, 439; is worshipped by the people, 447

—— IX, auspicious commencement of his reign, 471; his struggles with the Jesuits, 472-474; flies to Gaeta, 474; restoration of, 481

Poland, works of the Jesuits in, 194, 202; their supremacy in, 253; persecution of the Protestants in, 380, 381; expulsion of the Jesuits from, 435

Policy of the Society, great change in the, 224

Pombal, Marquis of, 332; heroic conduct of, in the great earthquake, 334; increasing power of, 335; opposes the Jesuits, 339; issues a decree for their expulsion from Portugal, 343; attempts to reform the Order, 347

Pompadour, Madame de, 343; opposes the Jesuits, 346; her successor, 386

Pontecorvo, seized by the French, 359

Popery, means by which it has been preserved in England, 285

—— decline of, in France, 490

—— decline of, in Italy, 490

Pope Adrian VI, 30

—— Benedict, 128, 328, 338

—— Clement VIII, 231, 232

—— —— XIII, 338, 339

—— —— XIV, 371, 372, 381-385, 412-420

—— Gregory XIII, 149, 153, 159

—— Innocent X, 233

—— Pius V, 146, 148, 153

—— —— VI, 426

—— —— VII, 438, 439, 447

—— —— IX, 471-474, 481

—— Sixtus V, 182

—— Urban, 233

Popes of Rome, 6; infallibility of, 233; secular power of, 361; election of, 369

Port Royal, sisterhood of, 233, 269, 270; monastery of, 274

Portugal, Jesuits in, 82, 171, 332-335; their supremacy in, 253; conspiracies in, 275, 276; political reform encouraged in, 331; possessions of, in America, exchanged with Spain, 333; Jesuits expelled from, 342; re-established in, 451

Possevin, persecutes the Waldenses, 207

Postulants, rules for the admission of, 31-33, 37

Poverty of the Jesuits, 38

Prague, Jesuit assembly in, 217

Preston, Jesuits established in, 459

Priests of the Order, 40; their influence over the people, 217

Printing, introduction of, 9

Probabilism, Jesuit doctrine of, 237, 241; effects of, 244, 245

Procession to the Church of Gesù, 59

Processions, Catholic, 131, 132

Proclamations, 157, 160

—— issued in England against the Jesuits, 161

—— abolishing the Order in Spain, 351

Professed, Jesuit class of the, 50; admission of, to the Order, ibid.; vows taken by the, 51; increased numbers of the, 316

Professio Fidei, restored in Germany, 199

Proselytism, Jesuit, 463, 464, 466

Protestantism, early characteristics of, 58; powerfully opposed by the Jesuits, 195; reaction against in Germany, 199; extirpated from the Imperial cities, 201; subverted in Poland, 203, 280-282; attacked in Sweden, 203; re-established, 204; attacked in England by the Puseyites, 264-266; results of these contests on, 235

Protestants, projected massacre of, by the Papists, 156; persecution of, by Pope Gregory, 159; encouraged in France, 179; persecution of, by the Jesuits, 201, 202, 269-271, 278, 279, 280; extirpation of, enjoined on Catholic priests, 466; duty of, in the present religious crisis, 467

—— educated in Jesuit colleges, 198

—— massacre of the, 159

—— in France, 179, 269-271

—— in Germany, 201, 278, 279

—— in Poland, 202, 280-282

Provincials, election of, 55

Prussia, Jesuits admitted to, 423, 429; late king of, 452

Purgatory, doctrine of, 40-42; propounded by Father Maldonat, 179 _n._

Pusey, Dr., a supposed member of the Fifth Secret Class, 464

Puseyites, progressive work of the, 464; similarity of, to Jesuitism, ibid.

Pythoness, the, of Valentano, 413

Q.

Quinet, on the “Paraguay Missions,” 306

R.

Raggonico, character of, 338

Ranke, on the “State of Religion in America,” 298; on the “Commerce of the Jesuits,” 336; on the “Expulsion of the Jesuits from Spain,” 352

Ratio Studiorum, or Code of School Legislature, 213; importance of the, 224; condemned by the Inquisition, 231

Ravaillac, the assassin of Henry IV, 254; Jesuits accused as his accomplices, ibid.

Rectors, appointment of, 38, 49, 55

Reductions, or Village Missions, 302; life in the, 303, 304; government of the, 305, 306; insurrections in the, 333

Re-establishment of the Jesuits in France, 436

—— of the Jesuits in Rome, 439-447; consequences of the, 447

Reform, political, encouraged by the sovereigns of Europe, 33

Reformation, dawn of the, 6; progress of, in Europe, 8, 30; opposed by the Jesuits, 90, 95, 235; results of, in Germany, 199

Regalisti of the Court of Rome, 363

Regeneration, doctrine of, 18

Relics, restoration of, in Germany, 199, 200

Religion of the Jesuits, 194; taught in schools, 216; superstitions of the, 308

Republic, veneration of the Romans for the, 366

—— Venetian, Jesuits expelled from the, 227

Reservation, mental, encouraged in confession, 244

Restrictions imposed on the Jesuits in France, 177

Revolution of 1688, in England, 294; causes of the, ibid.

—— of 1830, prepared by the Jesuits, 454; causes of the, 457

—— French, conduct of the Jesuits in the, 436, 455

Revolution in Rome, 170, 171; causes of the, 475; results of the, 476, 477

Rheims, Jesuit college at, 168

Ricci, General, 348; efforts of, to save the Society, 357; denies the wealth of the Jesuits, 410; is sent prisoner to the Castle of St. Angelo, 411; death of, 430

Richelieu, Cardinal, 233; Jesuit influence under, 266, 267

Riots in England, 169

Rochelle, siege of, 270

Rodolph II, persecutes the Protestants in Germany, 201

Rodriguez, conversion of, to Jesuitism, 23; mission of, to Portugal, 59; recall of, 82

Romanism, restored in Germany, 201

—— in Poland, 202

—— in Sweden, 203

Romans, opposition of, to the Jesuits, 472; gallant defence of their country by, 476

Rome, charitable institutions of, 59; opposition to the Jesuits in, 89; Jesuit influence in, 384; return of the Jesuits to, 447; the ruin of England desired by, 465; Jesuits expelled from, 473; civil wars in, 475; entered by the French, 478, 479

Rosaries, use of, vindicated, 249

Rossi, mission of, to Rome, 457, 458

Rules for the admission of Postulants, 31, 32, 37

—— for the expulsion of members, 42

—— of the Inquisition, 61

—— of the Jesuit schools, 213, 215

—— to be observed in making saints, 257, 262

Russia, Jesuits protected in, 423, 430; progress of the Society in, 432; Jesuits expelled from, by Alexander, 433-435

S.

Saints, Catholic, requisitions for, 14

—— Jesuit, 35, 257; canonization of, 258-262, 301 _n._; number of, at the suppression of the Order, 408

Saldanha, Cardinal, censures the Jesuits, 338

Salmeron, mission of, to Ireland, 64

Saragossa, opposition to the Jesuits in, 81

Sardinia, Jesuit King of, 448

Scholastics, or, Scholars, 44; Classification of, 49; vows of the, ibid.; mode of training, 214, 215; studies of the, 221

School of St. Cyran, 233

Schoolmasters, Jesuit, 216

Schools of the Order, 39; professors of the, 196; code of legislation for, 213; masters of the, 217; influence of the, 455

—— for the poor, 197; servants educated in, 455

Sicily, Jesuits in, 433

Scotland, missions of the Jesuits to, 152; their influence in, 169

Secreta Monita, the, 250; reason why they are believed to be apocryphal, 251

Secret Class of the Jesuits, 45, 462; supposed members of, in England, 464

Sherwin, trial and execution of, 163

Siege of Paris, 184

Siestrencewiecz, 431

Sigismond, King of Sweden, supports the Jesuits, 195; is nominated their King, 202; succeeds John III, 205

Silesia, Jesuits in, 424, 425

Simoncelli, 484

Simony, sin of, 373, 374

Sin, Jesuit notions of, 238

Sinigallia, execution at, 481, 484

Sixtus V, 184; supports the League, 188; takes part with Acquaviva, 211

Sisters of Port Royal, 233; persecution of, 274

—— of the Sacred Heart, 455

Society of Jesus, 24; founders of the, 29; constitution of the, 44, 316, 318; great change in the policy of the, 224; overgrowing influence of, 253; authenticity of the, 263; attachment of members to the, 321; destruction of, 325; reformation of, 346; suppression of, 374; progress of the, 407; origin of, 408; re-establishment of, 439; character of, 494

—— established in Spain, 209; abolished from Spain, 350

—— abolished in France, 348

Sovereignty, supported by the Jesuits, 195; Jesuit doctrine of, 493

Spain, success of the Jesuits in, 62; oppositions raised against them in, 78; works of the Inquisition in, 148; General Acquaviva’s influence in, 228, 274; political reform encouraged in, 331; American possessions of, exchanged with Portugal, 333; Jesuits expelled from, 350; restored to, 450

Speculations, commercial, of the Jesuits, 336

Spies of the Jesuits, 35; payment of, 45

Spiritual Exercises, origin of the book of, 15; quotations from the, 16-20; opinions of Cardinal Wiseman on the, ibid.; the work submitted to the Inquisition, 89

Squillace, Minister of Spain, 331

St. Bartholomew’s Eve, 159

St. Cyran, Abbot of, 232; school of, 233

St. Petersburg, Jesuits expelled from, 434

St. Thomas, theology of, 230

States of the Church, seized from the Jesuits, 359; miserable condition of the, 479

—— Roman, political trials in the, 482

—— Venetian, expulsion of the Jesuits from the, 227; their return to the, 228

Stoneyhurst, settlement of the Jesuits at, 459, 460

Styria, Jesuits in, 452

Sully, on the recall of the Jesuits to France, 225, 226

Superiors, appointment of, 49; duties of, 55; immorality of, 319

Superstitions of the Jesuits, 197

Suppression of the Jesuits, 380-383; powers united in the accomplishment of the, 386; brief for the, 387, 406; conduct of the Jesuits during the period of, 422

Sweden, teachings of the Jesuits in, 194; becomes a Romish province, 203; restoration of, to the Protestants, 204

Switzerland, dawn of the Reformation in, 8; invaded by the Jesuits, 450, 458; Jesuits established in, 306

T.

Tambourini, elected General, 325

Tanucci, Minister of Spain, 331

Tavora, Marquis of, accused of assassinating the king, 340; persecution of the family of, ibid.

—— Marchioness of, executed, 341

Theatines, origin and doctrines of the Order, 25

Theologians, Jesuit, 235

Theology of the Jesuits, 230

Thiers, Jesuits opposed by, 457

Thirty Years’ War, 278; advantages derived by the Jesuits from the, 279

Thomists, doctrines of the, 232

Tilly, 278

Toledo, opposition to the Jesuits in, 80

Torrigiani, Cardinal, 339

Tournon, Cardinal, Pope’s Legate to India, 114; decree of, forbidding Malabar rites, 115-117; mission of, to China, 123; banishment of, 125; imprisonment and death of, 127

Transgression, doctrine of, 238

Trials, political, in the Roman States, 482-484

Tuscany, Jesuits in, 486; persecution of Christians in, 487

U.

Universities, Jesuit, 196

University of Cracow, letter of, addressed to the University of Louvain, 281

—— of Louvain, 281

Urban VIII, Pope, 233