Part 55

It produces enormous crops which are larger some years than others. John Muir believed that the singleleaf pinon’s annual nut yield surpassed California’s yield of wheat. Only a small part of the nut crop is ever put to use by man. Scattered over mountains, mesas, and deserts, 100,000 square miles in extent, most of the nuts fall and decay, though the animals of the rocks and sands, and the birds of the air live on them while they last. The Indians of the region long looked upon the nut crop, as the Egyptians upon the overflow of the Nile--a guarantee against famine. The Indians are not so dependent on the nuts now as formerly because scattered settlements throughout the region supply other sources of food. Many nuts are still gathered, and are sold in stores from San Francisco to Denver. They look like peanuts, but are richer in oil, and if eaten raw they speedily cloy the appetite. The Indians usually roast them, and frequently crush them into meal. When the harvest is ripe the Indians gather from all sides and camp during a month or more, thrash the cones from the trees with poles, extract the nuts, and keep up the operation until all present needs are supplied, and every available basket is filled for future use. The packhorses and burros of the mining country in Nevada where this pine grows, acquire a liking for the nuts. They are as nourishing as oats, and the pack animals like them better. Indians do considerable business collecting the nuts and selling them by the gunny sack to pack trains, for horse feed. A single Indian will sometimes gather thirty or forty bushels, for which he can get a dollar a bushel when he has carried them to market.

The singleleaf pine’s future will be about as its past has been, as far as can now be foreseen. Little planting will ever be done, nor is it necessary. Nature plants all that the sterile soil will support. It is of too slow growth to tempt the forester. A century is required to produce a fence post, and 200 years for a crosstie. Forest fires do little injury, for the ground is generally so bare that fire dies out of its own accord in a short distance. The tree can never be planted much for ornament. Even if it would grow outside of its dry habitat, it possesses no more beauty than a half-dead apple tree in a neglected orchard. The trunks resemble mesquite in Texas; but the Texas tree is redeemed by the beauty of its foliage in summer, while the foliage of the singleleaf pine is so pale and thin that it attracts no attention.

CAROLINA HEMLOCK (_Tsuga caroliniana_) is of far less importance than its northern neighbor which goes south along the Appalachian mountains to meet it. The two species mingle on the mountain tops from southwestern Virginia to northern Georgia. The Carolina hemlock is usually confined to altitudes 2,500 or 3,000 feet above sea level, and prefers rocky banks of streams. It does not usually occur in dense stands of even moderate size, as the northern hemlock does. A few trees in clumps or scattered solitary represent its habit of growth. Typical development of the species occurs on the headwaters of the Savannah river in South Carolina. For a long time this hemlock and its northern relative were supposed to be the same. Botanists did not formerly separate them, and the mountaineers do not generally do so now. There are several differences, however, which may be observed upon close examination, and by comparing the two species. The Carolina hemlock’s leaves have more rows of stomata and therefore are a little whiter on the under side. The leaves are also longer, and the cones are larger. The tree does not attain the dimensions of the northern species, its average size being forty or fifty feet in height, and two or less in diameter. It is not abundant, and has never been and never can be much used for commercial purposes. It is an attractive park tree and has been widely planted.

LIMBER PINE (_Pinus flexilis_) owes its name to its long, drooping branches. It is often called white pine, Rocky Mountain white pine, western white pine, and limber twig pine. It is not the tree usually called western white pine (_Pinus monticola_), but is a high mountain species, ranging from the Rocky Mountains of Montana to western Texas; it grows also on the mountains of Arizona, Utah, Nevada, and California. The upper limit of its range in the Sierra Nevadas is 12,000 feet. It descends to an altitude of only 4,000 feet in the Rocky Mountains, and forms open, scattered stands of round-topped trees of little commercial value, and is usually associated with western yellow pine or Rocky Mountain cedar. At altitudes of 8,500 or 10,000 feet it is more stunted, and associates with Lyall larch and other high mountain species. Intermediate between its lower and its higher belts it produces a little merchantable lumber. The wood is light, soft, medium brittle, of slow growth and with narrow bands of summerwood. The resin passages are large and numerous. The wood, when a choice trunk is found, resembles that of eastern white pine; but generally the trunks are inferior in size and form. The heartwood is light, clear yellow, the sapwood nearly white. Trees range in height from thirty to fifty feet, and one to three in diameter. A sawlog ten feet long is about as much as can be had from a trunk, and of course, when compared with commercial trees, it holds a low place; but in some remote mountain regions it is the principal wood available, and to that extent it is of importance. When green, the wood is very heavy, and sometimes will sink. It is used for posts and in the mines. The farmer seasons posts on the stump. He peels the trees six months before cutting them. They immediately exude resin over the whole peeled surface, and the tree quickly dies. At the end of six months the trunk is seasoned, and is cut for posts. The ends are smeared with resin. Such posts have lasted twenty years with little decay. Railroads make ties of fire-killed limber pine. Charcoal burners use it also. The growing trees resist the fumes of copper smelters better than any other species associated with it.

PARRY PINON (_Pinus quadrifolia_). The names by which this tree is known in the region where it grows indicate one of its leading features, a bearer of nuts. It is called nut pine, Parry’s nut pine, pinon, and Mexican pinon. The nuts exceed half an inch in length, are reddish-brown, and the wings narrow and small. They cannot carry the nuts far, and the species is not spreading. Reproduction takes place beneath the parent tree, and frequently the old trunk dies without having succeeded in planting a single seed to perpetuate the species. The nuts are nutritious, and are eagerly sought by birds, rodents, and larger animals, including human beings. The cones are seldom two inches long, and the leaves are little more than an inch. They are usually in clusters of four, and fall the third year. The tree’s characteristics betray its environment. It is fitted for dry, sterile situations. Its abnormally large seeds provide food for the seedling until it can get its rootlets deep enough in the poor soil to get a start. The Parry pinon’s range is confined to the extreme southern part of California and to Lower California where it occupies arid mesas and low mountain slopes. It is common on Santa Rosa mountains, California, at an elevation of 5,000 feet. It is too small to be worth much for lumber, the usual height being less than thirty feet, the trunk diameter from ten to sixteen inches. The wood is medium heavy, weak, low in elasticity, but rather high in fuel value. The annual rings are very narrow, and the thin bands of summerwood are not conspicuous. It is one of the slowest-growing of the pines, and probably it is surpassed in that respect by lodgepole pine alone. Its only uses are fuel, a few fence posts, and small ranch timbers.

KNOBCONE PINE (_Pinus attenuata_). This pine is known as prickly-cone pine, sun-loving pine, sunny-slope pine, narrow-cone pine, and knobcone pine. Its leaves are in clusters of three, and are four and five inches long. The cones are from three to six inches long. They often adhere to the branches thirty or forty years, and may become entirely overgrown and hidden by bark and wood--hence the name knobcone. The wood is light, soft, weak, brittle; the growth is slow and the annual rings are narrow. The resin passages are large and numerous. The average height of the mature knobcone pine is from twenty-five to forty feet, and the trunk diameter eight to twelve inches. It grows on dry mountain regions of California and Oregon, and is not a valuable timber tree. A little is occasionally sawed in small dimensions, but the principal use is for mine props. It is short lived, even when it does not fall a victim to accidents. In accordance with the provisions of nature, it prepares for early death by bearing seeds when only five or six feet high. The cones act as storing places for seed, sometimes during the whole life of the tree. Thus a knobcone pine may hold in its tightly closed cones the seeds produced during the tree’s whole life. When death overtakes it, the cones open and scatter the seeds. The accumulated crops may total three or four pounds of seeds. Fire usually kills the trees, but the heat is generally not sufficient to burn the cones. When they open soon after the fire has passed, they find a bared mineral soil ready to receive them. The knobcone pine lives in adversity and usually dies by violence.

ARIZONA PINE (_Pinus arizonica_). This tree is confined to the mountains of southern Arizona at from 6,000 to 8,000 feet above sea level. It is the prevailing pine near the summit of the Santa Catalina mountains. Much of the timber is of small size and yields only inferior lumber; but when larger trunks are obtainable, the lumber grades with western yellow pine, and goes to market with it. Arizona pine is medium light, soft, not strong, rather brittle, of slow growth, with the summerwood comparatively broad and very resinous; color, light red or often yellow, the sapwood lighter yellow or white. The leaves are in clusters of five and are tufted at the ends of the branches. They are from five to seven inches long, and are deciduous the third year.

DWARF JUNIPER (_Juniperus communis_) is an interesting tree because its range practically runs round the world in the north temperate and frigid zones, but in the United States the only reported use of the wood is in southern Illinois where it grows on the limestone hills and is occasionally cut for fence posts. In nearly all other parts of its range in this country it is little more than a shrub. Some trees with a spread of limbs twenty feet across are only three or four feet high. The seeds mature slowly, not ripening until the third year; and they often hang a year or two after ripening. The wood is narrow-ringed, hard, very durable in contact with the soil, of light brown color, with pale sapwood. In Europe the aromatic fruit of this tree is used in large quantities to flavor gin, but there is no report that it has been so employed in this country. In the United States it occurs in Pennsylvania and northward, and northward from Illinois, and throughout the Rocky Mountains north of Texas. It occurs on the Pacific coast north of California. It grows from Greenland to Alaska, and through Siberia, and northern Europe.

DROOPING JUNIPER (_Juniperus flaccida_) is confined in the United States to the Chisos mountains in western Texas, but grows in Mexico. The tree attains a height of thirty feet and a diameter of one. Its name refers to its graceful branches. It has been planted in this country less than in southern Europe and northern Africa. The bark is light cinnamon-brown, and easily separates in loose, papery scales. The lumberman will never go far to procure drooping juniper logs. They are too small, scarce, and of form too poor. The wood has the usual characteristics of the junipers which grow in western mountains. It looks more like alligator juniper than any other. In Texas it goes to the lathe to be manufactured into candlesticks, pin boxes, picture molding, and other articles of turnery.

UTAH JUNIPER (_Juniperus utahensis_) is known also as juniper, desert juniper, and western red cedar. The last name is properly applied to a different tree in Washington and Oregon. The Utah juniper occupies the great basin between the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevadas, particularly in Utah, Nevada, California, Arizona, and Colorado. It thrives best about 8,000 feet above the sea, but descends to 5,000 feet or less. It is a desert tree, usually small, often a mere shrub, but occasionally attaining a height of twenty feet or more and a diameter of one or two. The trunk is irregular in shape, and is generally deeply fluted. The wood is light brown in color, though it varies greatly in different specimens, and even in the same tree. The sapwood is thick and nearly white. The tree has not been much used except for fence posts and fuel. The Indians of the region eat the berries raw or bake them in cakes.

INDEX TO COMMON NAMES

Acacia, 535 African mahogany, 463 Ailanthus, 676 Alaska cypress, 121 Alaska pine, 193 Alder, 589 Algaroba, 559 Alleghany sloe, 622 Alligator juniper, 111 Alligator wood, 325 Almondleaf willow, 471 Aloe-leaf yucca, 693 Alpine fir, 166 Alpine larch, 88 Alpine spruce, 195 Alpine western spruce, 196 Alpine whitebark pine, 37 Alternate-leaved dogwood, 526 Alvord oak, 220 Amabilis fir, 165 American apple, 553 American arborvitæ, 97 American ash, 409 American crab, 453 American fringe, 700 American holly, 643 American larch, 80 American linden, 637 American planertree, 397 American smoke-tree, 697 Andromeda, 526 Angelica-tree, 676 Ant’s wood, 696 Apple haw, 459 Arborvitæ, 97 Arizona cork fir, 154 Arizona cypress, 142 Arizona madrona, 663 Arizona palm, 693 Arizona pine, 705 Arizona spruce, 135 Arizona sycamore, 610 Arizona white oak, 218 Arrow-wood, 507 Ash-leaved maple, 445 Aspen, 667, 675 Aspen-leaf, 675 August plum, 621

Bald cypress, 139 Balm of Gilead, 145, 667, 673 Balm of Gilead fir, 145 Balsam, 135, 136, 151, 166, 673 Balsam fir, 145, 151, 159 Balsam poplar, 673 Baltimore oak, 205 Banana, 640 Baretta, 699 Barren oak, 316 Barren scrub oak, 283 Bartram oak, 322 Basket elm, 393 Basket oak, 208, 229 Basket willow, 472 Basswood, 637 Bat-tree, 494 Bayberry, 698 Bay poplar, 337 Bay tree, 529 Beaded locust, 555 Bearberry, 646, 698 Bear oak, 315 Bearwood, 698 Beaver-tree, 495 Bebb willow, 471 Beech, 625 Beetree, 637 Bell-tree, 601 Bellwood, 602 Berlandier ash, 418 Big buckeye, 649 Big-bud, 363 Big-bud hickory, 363 Bigcone pine, 68 Bigcone spruce, 172 Big cottonwood, 667 Bigelow willow, 472 Big hickory nut, 363 Big laurel, 494 Bigleaf laurel, 507 Bigleaf maple, 439 Big pine, 31 Big shellbark, 369 Bigtree, 175 Big white birch, 583 Biltmore ash, 424 Birch, 565 Bird cherry, 619 Bishop’s pine, 69 Bitter cherry, 616 Bitter hickory, 361 Bitternut, 367 Bitternut hickory, 361 Bitter pecan, 361, 375 Bitter walnut, 361 Bitter waternut, 374 Bitterwood, 676 Black ash, 415, 416, 423, 445 Blackbark pine, 75 Black birch, 565, 577, 580 Black calabash, 475 Black cherry, 613 Black cottonwood, 667, 669, 679 Black gum, 159, 331 Black haw, 460 Black hickory, 364, 367, 696, 699 Black ironwood, 700 Black jack, 283 Black jack oak, 291 Black larch, 80 Black limetree, 637 Black locust, 535, 541 Black mangrove, 688 Black maple, 447 Black mulberry, 513 Black oak, 259, 260, 271, 277 Black olivetree, 688 Black pine, 63, 67, 70, 75 Black poplar, 681 Black slash pine, 55 Black sloe, 621 Black spruce, 129 Black thorn, 459 Blacktree, 688 Black walnut, 343 Black willow, 469 Black wood, 688 Bleeding-heart tree, 500 Blister pine, 145, 151 Blue ash, 417, 422 Blue beech, 627 Blue birch, 565, 577, 585 Blue blossoms, 698 Blue dogwood, 526 Blue elder, 700 Blue jack oak, 285 Blue myrtle, 698 Blue oak, 205, 213, 226 Blue spruce, 136 Bluet, 508 Bluewood, 700 Bodark, 511 Bodock, 511 Bog spruce, 130 Bois d’arc, 511 Bois inconnu, 405 Bottom shellbark, 369 Bow-wood, 511 Box elder, 445, 601 Box oak, 223 Box white oak, 223 Boxwood, 523 Bracted fir, 157 Brash oak, 223 Brewer oak, 220 Bristlecone fir, 171 Bristlecone pine, 19, 38 Broadfruit yucca, 693 Broadleaf maple, 439 Broadleaf willow, 472 Broom hickory, 367 Brown ash, 423 Brown hickory, 367 Brown pine, 43 Buckeye, 649 Buckthorn bumelia, 696 Buckwheat-tree, 502 Bullace plum, 621 Bull bay, 494 Bull pine, 49, 75 Bumwood, 697 Burning bush, 499 Burnwood, 502 Bur oak, 211 Bustic, 696 Butternut, 349 Buttonball, 607 Buttonwood, 607

Cabbage palmetto, 691 Cabbage-tree, 691 Cactus, 693 Cajeput, 529 Calico-bush, 505 Calicowood, 601 California bay tree, 529 California black oak, 285 California blue oak, 229 California box elder, 447 California buckeye, 649, 651 California chestnut oak, 313 California coffee, 698 California fan palm, 693 California hemlock spruce, 193 California holly, 645 California juniper, 112 California laurel, 529, 655 California live oak, 307 California nutmeg, 201 California olive, 529 California post cedar, 109 California red bud, 549 California red fir, 164 California sassafras, 529 California scrub oak, 237 California swamp pine, 69 California sycamore, 609 California tanbark oak, 313 California walnut, 351 California white oak, 249 California white pine, 67 Canada plum, 621 Canadian Judas tree, 548 Canadian red pine, 61 Canoe birch, 583 Canoe cedar, 115 Canoewood, 487 Canotia, 699 Canyon birch, 580 Canyon live oak, 308 Carolina cherry, 620 Carolina hemlock, 703 Carolina pine, 49 Carolina poplar, 667 Cascara buckthorn, 698 Cascara sagrada, 698 Catalpa, 475 Catawba, 475 Catawba rhododendron, 507 Cat spruce, 130 Cedar, 91, 97, 109, 118 Cedar elm, 380, 392 Cedar pine, 57 Cereuses, 693 Chalky leucæna, 562 Chapman oak, 208 Chattahoochee pine, 202 Check pine, 70 Checkered-barked juniper, 111 Cherry birch, 565, 580 Chestnut, 631 Chestnut oak, 241, 313 Chickasaw plum, 622 Chihuahua pine, 76 Chinaberry, 665 China-tree, 664 Chinquapin, 634 Chinquapin oak, 247 Chittamwood, 602 Cholla, 691 Cigartree, 476 Cinnamon bark, 701 Cinnamon oak, 286 Clammy locust, 537 Cliff elm, 385 Cockspur, 459 Cocoa plum, 622 Coffeebean, 547 Coffee-berry, 698 Coffeenut, 547 Coffeetree, 547 Colorado blue spruce, 136 Common catalpa, 475, 477 Common thorn, 459 Cornel, 523 Coral bean, 554 Coral sumach, 697 Cork-barked Douglas spruce, 169 Cork elm, 380, 385, 399 Cork pine, 19 Corkwood, 423 Corky elm, 399 Cotton gum, 337 Cottonwood, 667, 673 Cotton-tree, 667 Coulter pine, 68 Cowlicks, 604 Cow oak, 229 Crab, 453 Crab apple, 453 Crabwood, 701 Crack willow, 472 Creeping pine, 37 Cuban pine, 45 Cucumber, 481 Cucumber tree, 487 Currant-tree, 451 Custard apple, 640 Cut-leaved maple, 445 Cypress, 70, 139

Dahoon holly, 645 Darling plum, 700 Darlington oak, 295 Date plum, 517 Deciduous holly, 646 Deer tongue, 507 Delmar pine, 64 Desert juniper, 705 Desert willow, 477 Devil’s claw, 544 Devil’s tongue cactus, 694 Devilwood, 700 Digger pine, 75 Dilly, 696 Doctor gum, 697 Dogwood, 523 Double fir, 151 Double spruce, 130 Douglas fir, 169 Douglas spruce, 169 Douglas-tree, 169 Down-cone, 166 Downy basswood, 639 Downy-cone subalpine fir, 166 Downy poplar, 669 Drooping juniper, 705 Drummond maple, 436 Duck oak, 320 Durand oak, 208 Dwarf ash, 412 Dwarf chestnut oak, 247 Dwarf cypress, 184 Dwarf juniper, 705 Dwarf maple, 442, 446 Dwarf marine pine, 69 Dwarf rose bay, 507 Dwarf sumach, 696 Dwarf walnut, 351 Dyer’s oak, 271

Ebony, 517 Elder, 700 Elderleaf ash, 416 Emory oak, 238 Engelmann oak, 231 Engelmann spruce, 135 English cornel, 526 English dogwood, 526 English hawthorn, 460 European alder, 592 Evergreen buckthorn, 698 Evergreen cherry, 620 Evergreen magnolia, 481, 493 Eysenhardtia, 526

False acacia, 535 False box-dogwood, 523 False mahogany, 531 False shagbark, 346 Fanleaf palm, 693 Farkleberry, 508 Fat pine, 43 Feather-cone red fir, 157 Feather-leaf, 97 Fetid buckeye, 651 Fetid yew, 202 Fighting wood, 199 Finger-cone pine, 25 Fir balsam, 151 Fire cherry, 619 Firewood, 502 Fir pine, 145 Florida ash, 412 Florida basswood, 639 Florida boxwood, 501 Florida buttonwood, 688 Florida cat’s claw, 538 Florida mahogany, 531 Florida maple, 435 Florida pine, 43 Florida torreya, 202 Florida yew, 201 Flowering ash, 700 Flowering cornel, 523 Flowering dogwood, 523 Flowering willow, 477 Forked-leaf black jack, 283 Forked-leaf oak, 217, 283 Forked-leaf white oak, 217 Four-winged halesia, 601 Foxtail pine, 19, 38, 39 Fragrant crab, 453 Fraser fir, 151 Fraser umbrella, 481, 495 Fremont cottonwood, 667, 670 Fremontia, 400 Frijolito, 554 Fringe ash, 412 Fringetree, 700

Gambel oak, 214 Garden wild plum, 622 Georgia oak, 267 Georgia pine, 43 Giant arborvitæ, 115 Giant cactus, 693 Gigantic cedar, 115 Glaucous willow, 472 Glossyleaf willow, 496 Golden cup oak, 308 Golden fir, 164 Goldenleaf chinquapin, 633 Gooseberry, 508 Goose plum, 621, 622 Gopherwood, 553 Gowen cypress, 184 Grand fir, 163 Gray birch, 585 Gray elm, 380 Gray pine, 75 Great California fir, 163 Great laurel, 494, 505 Great western larch, 86 Green ash, 422 Greenbark acacia, 555 Green osier, 526 Gregg ash, 411 Guayacon, 698 Gum, 325 Gumbo limbo, 676 Gum elastic, 696 Gum stretch it, 696 Gum-tree, 325 Gyminda, 49

Hackberry, 403 Hackmatack, 80, 86 Hack-tree, 403 Hairy balm of Gilead, 674 Hardbark hickory, 363 Hardhack, 595 Hard maple, 427 Hard pine, 43, 61, 63 Hardshell, 363 Hardwoods, 4 Hardy catalpa, 475 Haw, 459 Hawthorn, 459 Healing balsam, 151 Heart-leaved thorn, 460 Heart pine, 43 Heartwood, 5 Heavy pine, 67 Heavy-wooded pine, 67 Hedge, 511 Hedge-tree, 511 Hemlock, 187 Hemlock spruce, 187, 193, 195 Hercules’ club, 676, 699 Hickory, 357 Hickory elm, 385 Hickory oak, 308 Hickory pine, 38, 52 Hickory poplar, 487 High-ground willow oak, 286 Highland oak, 296 Hog haw, 459 Hog plum, 621, 697 Holly, 643 Hollyleaf cherry, 616 Honey locust, 535, 541, 559 Honey-shucks locust, 541 Honey pod, 559 Hooker’s oak, 249 Hooker willow, 472 Hoop ash, 403, 415 Hooptree, 415 Hop hornbeam, 595 Hoptree, 699 Hornbeam, 595, 627 Horsebean, 549 Horse chestnut, 651 Horse plum, 621 Huajillo, 538 Huckleberry, 508 Huckleberry oak, 309

Incense cedar, 109 Indian bean, 476 Indian cherry, 451 Indian pear, 451 Indigo thorn, 556 Inkwood, 700 Iowa crab, 454 Iron oak, 223, 308 Ironwood, 501, 502, 559, 595, 627, 696 Ivy, 505

Jack oak, 319 Jack pine, 69 Jamaica dogwood, 526, 550 Jeffrey pine, 75 Jersey pine, 57 Joewood, 701 Joshua-tree, 693 Judas tree, 548 June berry, 451 Juniper, 70, 91, 99, 109, 118, 706 Juniper-bush, 91 Juniper cedar, 99 Juniper tree, 403

Kalmia, 505 Kenai birch, 565, 585 Kingnut, 369 Kingstree, 51 Knobcone pine, 704 Knowlton hornbeam, 598 Kœberlinia, 697

Lanceleaf alder, 592 Lanceleaf cottonwood, 667, 670 Lancewood, 657 Larch, 79, 165 Large buckeye, 649 Largeleaf umbrella, 481, 483 Large poplar, 675 Largetooth aspen, 667, 675 Laurel, 494, 505, 507, 529 Laurel bay, 494 Laurel cherry, 620 Laurel-leaved magnolia, 494 Laurel oak, 295, 319 Laurel tree, 531 Lea oak, 292 Leatherleaf ash, 418 Leatherwood, 400, 502 Leucæna, 562 Leverwood, 595 Lignum-vitæ, 698 Lilac, 698 Limber pine, 19, 703 Limber-twig pine, 703 Linn, 637 Liquid-amber, 325 Little shagbark, 346 Little sugar pine, 25 Little walnut, 351 Live oak, 253, 313 Loblolly pine, 55 Locust, 535 Lodgepole pine, 73 Logwood, 700 Lombardy poplar, 682 Longcone pine, 68 Longleaf pine, 43 Longleaf service, 452 Longleaf willow, 496 Longleaved pine, 63 Longschat, 63 Longshucks pine, 55 Longstalk willow, 471 Longstraw pine, 55 Lovely fir, 165 Lovely red fir, 165 Lowland spruce pine, 51 Low maple, 435 Lyall willow, 496 Lynn, 637