CHAPTER XVI

WHY WE FOUGHT IN 1812

A STIRRING TALE OF THE OUTRAGES PERPETRATED ON AMERICAN CITIZENS BY THE PRESS-GANGS OF THE BRITISH NAVY--HORRORS OF LIFE ON SHIPS WHERE THE OFFICERS FOUND PLEASURE IN THE USE OF THE CAT--DOOMED TO SLAVERY FOR LIFE--IMPRESSED FROM THE _BALTIMORE_--A BRITISH SEAMAN’S JOKE AND ITS GHASTLY RESULT--THE BRITISH ADMIRALTY’S WAY OF DEALING WITH DELIBERATE MURDER IN AMERICAN WATERS--ASSAULT OF THE _LEOPARD_ ON THE _CHESAPEAKE_ TO COMPEL AMERICAN SEAMEN TO RETURN TO THE SLAVERY THEY HAD ESCAPED--BUILDING HARBOR-DEFENCE BOATS TO PROTECT AMERICAN SEAMEN FROM OUTRAGE ON THE HIGH SEAS--OTHER GOOD REASONS FOR GOING TO WAR.

There were many causes operating through weary years to force the American nation to declare war against the British in 1812, which the reader will recall readily, of course. Great Britain retained the frontier posts which she had agreed to surrender when the war of the Revolution came to an end. She used these posts as headquarters for Indian tribes, whose friendship she cultivated that she might use them to the injury of the United States. She even incited them to attack the American pioneers, and furnished them with guns and scalping knives when night assaults on peaceful settlers were to be made. Although all Europe was submerged in a turmoil of blood, she turned aside from the great interests there to foment discord between the States of the American Union, seeking thereby to disrupt the nation in the hope that a part--the New England part, at that--would return to the colonial relationship. Remembering the prodigious growth of American shipping and the consequent complaints of her own shipowners, she used every means to harass American commerce. To detail all of the evils she heaped upon the decks of American ships is unnecessary, but the reader will remember that a time came when she ordered that every American ship carrying cargo to any part of Europe must call first at a port in England, land the cargo, pay duty on it, and then carry it away again, subject to such regulations as seemed most beneficial to her.

As the _Edinburgh Review_ for November, 1812, said, “the spirit of animosity and unconciliating contempt pervaded the whole proceedings of the government” toward the Americans. And although “they are descended from our loins--they speak our language--they have adopted our laws--they retain our usages and manners--they read our books--they have copied our freedom--they rival our courage; yet _they are less popular and less esteemed among us than the base and bigoted Portuguese, or the ferocious and ignorant Russians_.”

That the retention of the frontier posts, the inciting of the Indians to night attacks on the frontiersmen, and the interferences with American oversea trade were separately sufficient causes of war and, combined, more than sufficient, will not now be seriously disputed, if the advocate of peace will stop to consider what ought to be done were any one of these uncalled-for aggressions attempted now. And yet so great was the American antipathy to another war, so great was the American desire to hold a neutral position as to the wars of Europe, that neither the one nor the other nor all together were sufficient to nerve them to strike the blow. Still another and a stronger incentive was needed, if war was to be declared--a grievance that would appeal to the heart of the whole people. And not only was this incentive found; it was continually present and crying aloud for vengeance.

[Illustration: “The Press-gang impressing a Young Waterman on his Marriage Day.”

_From an English engraving, illustrating an old song._]

To fully appreciate this, the chief cause of the War of 1812 between the United States and England, one must first know well how the crews of the British naval ships of that day were recruited and what manner of life these crews led when in actual service. As to the manner of recruiting, the facts are, no doubt, well known to almost every reader. Gangs of men, under the lead of petty officers, and commonly piloted by a crimp, were sent ashore in home ports by the captain who found his ship short-handed. These gangs went to the resorts of seamen in the port where the ship happened to lie, and there took by force every English-speaking sailor they could find and carried him on board the warship. Failing to find a resource in the sailors’ boarding-houses, they knocked down any able-bodied man encountered in the street, and he was then carried instantly to the ship. Failing in getting enough men in this fashion--as, for instance, when the ship was in a foreign port or on the high seas--it was the custom, the every-day custom, to send the press-gang, on board any ship where it was supposed that English-speaking sailors might be found, and there take and carry off all such sailors.

The life that the crews so recruited led cannot, of course, be described here in full detail. The reader will readily imagine that the officers who snatched a man away from his home without even the poor privilege of telling his wife and children of his fate would not show any great care for the feelings or comfort of the man when on board the ship. But any picture of the life there which an American, at the end of the nineteenth century, might base on the mere fact that sailors were kidnapped, would be wholly inadequate, for the reason that no American of these days, unacquainted with the facts, could imagine such a degraded state of slavery. That the crews were ill-fed; that they were worked to the limit of their endurance; that the pay was as nothing (it is on record that one kidnapped man received £14 2s. 6d. for serving two and a half years); that the kidnapped men were not allowed to go ashore and were not allowed to write letters to their families where any effort was likely to be made for their release--all these conditions are, or were, a matter of course. It was in the matter of preserving what the officers called discipline--in keeping these unfortunate slaves in subjugation--that the real brutality of the British naval officers appeared. For the officers, who depended on clubs and manacles to recruit their crews, made no appeal to them save through their fears--used nothing to enforce an order but the cat-o’-ninetails. One undenied description of the flogging of a man on a British man-o’-war--a man-o’-war well known later on in the annals of the American navy--shall serve as an illustration of the ordinary punishments inflicted there.

[Illustration: Another View of the “Young Waterman” and the Press-gang.

_From an English engraving._]

In the year 1811 the British frigate _Macedonian_ was commanded by Capt. John S. Carden, and his executive officer was one David Hope. “It was a peculiar feature of the brutal punishment of flogging that officers and men who at first sickened and fainted at the sight of it gradually grew indifferent and in some instances acquired a craving for the bloody ordeal and took a fiendish delight in superintending it. David Hope was one of these. He took the exquisite delight of a connoisseur in the art of flogging, being especially fond of seeing the tender flesh of boys lacerated and torn.” One day a midshipman on the _Macedonian_ named Gale, “a rascally, unprincipled fellow,” lost a handkerchief. A sailor found it on the deck, and as it was unmarked, kept it. Gale saw it in the sailor’s possession, and the sailor was court-martialled, convicted of theft, and sentenced to be flogged through the fleet--to receive 300 lashes from the cat--and to serve one year in prison.

On the day appointed the _Macedonian’s_ launch was put into the water and rigged, under the supervision of this David Hope, with a frame on which the bare-backed sailor was lashed. A surgeon, to keep watch that the man was kept alive, boarded the launch with the boatswain and the boat’s crew, and then all hands were called to man the rail and rigging, where all could view the torture.

This done, the lash was applied to the man’s back until “the flesh resembled roasted meat burned nearly black before a scorching fire.”

Then the launch was sent to another ship and to another and another, where fresh boatswains applied the lash anew to the raw back of the man, the doctor standing by and seeing that the man remained conscious to suffer the torment. When 220 blows had been given the doctor ordered the whipping stopped. The sailor begged to have the other eighty blows given that he might be done with it, but this was refused. He was carried back to the _Macedonian_ and cared for until he had recovered his strength, when the remaining eighty were given to him, and then he was flung into prison.

[Illustration: A Flogging Scene. (“The Point of Honor”--a Sailor about to be Flogged is Saved by a Comrade’s Confession.

_From a drawing by George Cruikshank._]

Just before the War of 1812 a deserter from a British ship slipped on board the United States frigate _Essex_. When an officer with a gang came for him he was, of course, surrendered. On asking, then, that he be allowed to go below for his clothes, permission was granted, but instead of getting his clothing he ran to the carpenter’s bench, picked up an axe, and deliberately chopping off his left hand, he carried it on deck and threw it at the feet of the British lieutenant, saying he would cut off his foot also before he would serve again in the British navy. As he was no longer able to do duty as a sailor the lieutenant left him.

[Illustration: The United States Frigate _Essex_.

_From a lithograph at the Naval Academy, Annapolis._]

Lest these stories seem to the humane reader to exaggerate the horrors of life on a British naval ship, the following facts from the London “Annual Register” for 1781 (page 41 of “Principal Occurrences”) will be found conclusive: The total number of men “raised” for the navy, 1776 to 1780, was 170,928. Of these, 1,243 only were killed by the enemy, while 18,545 “died,” and 42,069 _deserted_. More than ten per cent. of all who were “raised” “died,” while almost one-fourth of them all succeeded in deserting, in spite of the rigors of the imprisonment into which they were carried.

It is necessary to give figures relating to the Revolutionary period instead of the era of the War of 1812, because British officials have absolutely refused to publish any such statistics since 1800.

What bearing all these facts have on the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain, if not plain already, will very soon appear. Animated by the belief that “our maritime supremacy is in fact a part of the law of nations,” and by the further belief that “America certainly cannot pretend to wage war with us; she has no navy to do it with,” the British naval officers kidnapped English-speaking sailors wherever they were found, even when these sailors were confessedly born citizens of the United States. The British government did, indeed, rule that where an American (natural-born) had a certificate from the American government attesting his nativity--where he could, by documentary evidence, prove his nativity--he might be excused by the British “recruiting” gangs, but the rule was, in fact, a mere diplomatic subterfuge for use should policy at any time require a “disavowal.” In actual practice the only judge of a man’s citizenship was the recruiting officer of the short-handed ship, and the lithe-limbed Yankee sailor was just the kind of a man the British press-gang was looking for. In fact, the British periodicals of that day continuously scoffed at these citizenship papers, and it was asserted in Parliament, as well as by the press, that the American naval officers, as well as naval officials stationed on shore, deliberately issued false papers at every opportunity--in short, that the Americans, as a nation, were liars, perjurers, and forgers.

As early as 1747, when Massachusetts was a colony in most peaceful relations with the home government, a press-gang caused a bloody riot on the streets of Boston, where press-gangs were “already stigmatized as barbarous by public opinion.” Indeed, one of the irritations leading to the hostilities begun in 1775 was the work of the press-gang. The war of the Revolution forever settled the question of the _right_ of the British government to impress an American, but instead of stopping such violations of the rights of a free-minded people it rather increased them. For the hatred and contempt which the British felt toward the Americans as a people during that war was intensified by the result of it. It was the personal pleasure of the British officer to get these Yankees where he could make them feel his power. It is on record (see “Life of Elder Joseph Bates”) that the British officers were particular to see that these Americans took off their hats when the band played “God Save the King,” and that a common form of address was “Here, you damned Yankee scoundrel,” do this or that. That the “damned Yankee scoundrel” was triced up and flogged on the slightest provocation by these officers, who confessedly enjoyed seeing flesh creep under the lash, scarcely need be said.

No sooner was the war of the Revolution over and American merchant ships free to sail to British ports than the outrages began on the American seamen. It was literally true that the United States had no navy and could not wage war with England. We did not have even one ship-of-war left to carry the flag, and the party that ruled the nation then was utterly opposed to building one. It called itself the party of the people--it was fearful lest something or somebody enslave the people--but when the friends of American seamen, shanghaied into the barbarous slavery of a British warship, protested, this “liberty-loving” party pigeon-holed the documents. But let us be just in this matter. It was the liberty-loving party that did at last declare war. The opposition preferred to trust in “the humanity” and “sense of justice” which the offending nation was supposed to possess.

So the press-gangs worked on merrily. Not only was the American walking in the street of a foreign city in immediate danger; the American ships on the high seas were stopped and stripped of their crews. The British ships even lay to off New York, Boston, and other American ports to intercept American merchantmen, from which seamen were taken until they were so short-handed that they were lost. The American seamen were left to face death by shipwreck, as they were disciplined to death on the decks of British naval warships. And because they were lithe and quick-witted--because they more readily devised means for escape from this slavery than others--they were transferred to the ships doing duty on the coasts of Africa and in the East Indies, just as American prisoners captured during the war of the Revolution were sent to and compelled to serve on those stations.

As the _Edinburgh Review_ for November, 1812, admitted, “they were dispersed in the remotest quarter of the globe, and not only exposed to the perils of service, but _shut out, by their situation, from all hope of ever being reclaimed_.” They were doomed to slavery for life.

How the indignation was of slow growth--so slow, indeed, that it needed the outrages of the Barbary pirates to stir it even to the feeblest blaze--has already been told in the story of the origin of the new navy. But at last a majority of two was found for a resolution of the Congress declaring that a seaside nation ought to have a navy, and so a navy was built--a navy so small in numbers as to be absolutely insignificant when compared with that whose “supremacy is in fact a part of the law of nations.” It was built of American oak, manned by American seamen, and sent afloat with the American flag flying from every mast. It did good--it did the best kind of work--but when the Barbary pirates were cowed it was reduced “to a peace footing.” There was never an effort made with it to resent the enslaving of American seamen. So the aggressions increased continually. And the politicians talked. They talked about the illegal confiscation of American ships under the decrees and orders of the French and English governments--they were more concerned about the dollars than the liberties of the people--and finally when war seemed inevitable, they seriously discussed the advisability of abandoning the seacoast to the expected invaders! The chatter about no European enemy being able to find a permanent footing on the broad American soil, where so many millions of freemen were to be ready with squirrel rifles and shotguns to repel him, was quite as common at the beginning of the nineteenth century as it is at the end of it. The word “jingo” was not in use in those days. But the men who asserted that government existed solely in order that the power of the whole people should be exerted to protect every individual in all his rights wherever in the wide world he might find himself, heard plenty of equally opprobrious epithets applied to them. And the utmost that was done for the sake of national honor was the building of a lot of boats for “harbor-defence.”

And then came a day when, to the injury that had been done unceasingly, was added insult, the memory of which to this day brings the hot blush of shame as well as the flood-tide of indignation to the brow of every American patriot.

It was on the 16th of November, 1798. As the reader will remember, this nation was then actually at war with France, although no formal declaration of war had been made. The French ship _Croyable_, of fourteen guns, had been captured, taken into the American service under the name of _Retaliation_, and recaptured by the French ship _Insurgent_. Because of these troubles a fleet of sixty American merchant ships had gathered at Havana to await a convoy, and the _Constellation_, Capt. Thomas Truxton, and the _Baltimore_, Capt. Isaac Phillips, were sent to bring them home.

This service having been performed in satisfactory manner, the _Baltimore_ was sent alone to convoy a smaller fleet from Charleston back to Havana.

On November 16, 1798, while _en route_ on this passage, the convoy fell in with a British squadron consisting of two seventy-four-gun ships-of-the-line, one ninety-eight-gun ship-of-the-line, and two thirty-two-gun frigates. Because both Great Britain and the United States were then at war with France, the two nations were, of course, allies at this time. Nevertheless, knowing that the British ships were sure to be anxious for more sailors, Captain Phillips signalled his fleet to square away before the wind, and so get out of reach, while he bore up to have a talk with the Englishmen.

On arriving near the flagship--the _Carnatic_, Captain Loring--Captain Phillips pulled over to her in his gig. He was received with the usual civilities, and then was coolly informed that every man on board the _Baltimore_ who did not carry the government certificate that he was an American citizen would be impressed into the British service.

A ship of the American navy was to be treated as merchant ships had been treated.

Captain Phillips protested, and said he would surrender his ship first. Then he returned to the _Baltimore_, where he found a British lieutenant already on deck and mustering the crew.

No form of protest was of any avail. Everything said or done excited only the contemptuous smile of the lieutenant, and in the end, being overpowered by the great ship-of-the-line squadron, Captain Phillips had the humiliation of seeing five of his men impressed in the British service.

Meantime Captain Loring had taunted Captain Phillips with the statement that there were already a number of impressed American citizens in the _Carnatic’s_ crew.

And all that the American government did in the matter was to dismiss the unfortunate Phillips from the service--dismiss him as a scapegoat for the scurvy sins of those really responsible for the disgrace that had fallen upon the navy. For Phillips very well knew how the administration had pigeon-holed the complaints of the friends of kidnapped seamen--knew very well that the Navy Department could not be depended on to support him in resenting such aggression.

In one respect Phillips deserved his punishment--he had sworn to defend the flag, and he did not fire a gun. Not only should he have cleared his ship for action; it was his duty to fight, Nicholas-Biddle fashion, until the last plank was shot from under his feet.

Humiliated as every patriot was when the story of this outrage was spread over the nation, greater and lingering shame was in store. Not only did the outrages on American commerce increase as the years passed on; a still heavier blow was to fall on the face of American manhood. A British ship was to shoot an American ship to pieces in order to recapture four impressed Americans who had succeeded in escaping from the slavery they had endured--the British frigate _Leopard_ was to assault the _Chesapeake_ on the high seas in time of peace.

But before that attack another was made that was less aggravating than the one on the _Baltimore_, only because it was the second of its kind--because, being the second, the American people may be supposed to have been somewhat accustomed to their humiliation. This was on June 12, 1805. Lieut. James Lawrence--he had his revenge afterward in the _Hornet_-_Peacock_ fight--was carrying a small gunboat to the Mediterranean to help in the war with the pirates. Off Cadiz he had the misfortune to fall in with the British fleet under Admiral Collingwood, when three of his men were taken from him. That the administration at Washington (it was during Mr. Jefferson’s second term) rested easily under the outrage is plain from the fact that only the briefest mention of it is made in any history. The impressment of Americans was such a common, such an every-day, occurrence that the fact of three taken from a national ship was, to use a newspaper reporter’s expression, worth only a three-line jotting.

And another three-line jotting is devoted to what is called the _Leander_ affair. A British squadron was cruising off Sandy Hook on what is, in these years, the favorite American ground for yacht races. They were lying in wait, as was their custom, for American ships, from which they could gather in seamen. When a little American sloop came along on April 25, 1806, “a shot was recklessly fired from one of them, the _Leander_.” It is fair to suppose that this shot was fired as a joke on the sloop’s crew. If one recalls the undisputed character of such men as Lieutenant Hope of the _Macedonian_, already described, one may readily believe that the average British officer of that day would have thought it a good joke to scare a sloop’s crew by firing a cannon-ball across her deck. The gunner on the _Leander_, to make the joke as laughable as possible, aimed carefully. His shot killed the man at the tiller.

When the people of New York learned the facts through the return of the sloop, the local excitement was very great. All the vessels in the harbor hoisted their flags at half-mast on the day the body was buried, while the Tammany Society attended the funeral in a body. So Mr. Jefferson’s government felt constrained to protest. At that, Captain Whitby, who commanded the _Leander_, was taken through the form of a court-martial, unanimously acquitted of wrong-doing _and promoted_.

The crowning outrage, however, came in the year 1807. Early in that year a squadron of British warships had congregated in the mouth of Chesapeake Bay to blockade some Frenchmen lying at Annapolis. The American Congress had granted an appropriation meantime (though with stingy hand) for enough seamen to man the frigate _Chesapeake_, that was to be sent out under Capt. Charles Gordon to the Mediterranean, where she was to take the place of the _Constitution_. She was to carry Commodore James Barron with her (his real title was captain), and he was to command at the Mediterranean station.

[Illustration: Capt Henry Whitby. R.N.]

The _Chesapeake_ was partly fitted out at Washington, and then she dropped down to Norfolk to complete her preparations for sea, and ship enough men to fill her crew. While she was still lying at Washington seven men applied at the recruiting station in Norfolk, who said they were American citizens--who made oath to that statement, in fact, and were permitted to sign as members of the crew of the _Chesapeake_, and they were sent on to join the ship then at Washington. Soon after this it appeared that three of the men had deserted from the British warship _Melampus_ and four from the _Halifax_. Just how the fact that they were deserters became known is not definitely stated, but from the details given and from the manifest ill-temper of the British officers in the doings that followed, it is reasonable to suppose that at least one of these seven men met some of the British officers on shore, and feeling safe under the American flag, ventured to reply, in disrespectful manner, to remarks made by the officers. There is, indeed, no doubt the officers were defied and, so, deeply offended.

In those days one Erskine represented the British government at Washington. He tried to have the seven deserters returned to the ships from which they came. Now, in spite of the fact that the British officers were in those days diligently engaged in kidnapping American-born sailors from American ships, the American Navy Department had issued strict orders to the recruiting officers “to enlist no British subjects known to be such.” And, further, it must be said that there was no law authorizing an American commander to deliver up deserters from foreign navies when found in American ships. Nevertheless, an investigation was made as to the antecedents of the seven men, and then it was discovered that the British officials were wholly unable to prove that any one of them was a British subject. More important still, it was proved that instead of having voluntarily shipped in the British navy, the three men who had deserted from the _Melampus_ had been kidnapped from an American merchant ship in the Bay of Biscay. Two of them were natives of Maryland, and one, although born in South America, had come to Massachusetts when a child and had there become a lawful citizen of the United States. The names of the three were William Ware, Daniel Martin, and John Strachan, and all were colored. As to the four from the _Halifax_, it was not proved where they were born except as they swore they were of American birth, but very likely three of them were of English birth, for they deserted the _Chesapeake_ and disappeared. The fourth appears in history both as Jenkin Ratford and as John Wilson. He was a white man and, unfortunately for himself, he remained on the ship.

Because the three men were definitely proved to be American citizens, and because there was nothing to disprove Ratford’s oath that he too was one, the Navy Department refused to surrender the men, and the diplomatic correspondence was closed. The American authorities having received no protest after the decision was rendered, supposed that the matter was dropped altogether.

And that was a very grave error on the part of the American authorities. For so great was the arrogance of the British naval officers, and so strong was their contempt for the American government and people, that they determined to take the men by force from the deck of the _Chesapeake_ as soon as she had passed out to sea, and an order was issued by Admiral Berkeley commanding any British captain who found the _Chesapeake_ at sea to board her, whether she would permit it or not, and take the men.

Naturally that order was kept secret, and Captains Barron and Gordon (Barron, by the fact of his rank, was the responsible official) had no idea that any real ill feeling existed, let alone that any intention to assault the ship was meditated. There was, indeed, some grumbling by British officers at Norfolk, and the officers of the _Chesapeake_ heard of it, but there was not enough in it to excite their suspicions.

And so the 22d day of June, 1807, arrived, and the _Chesapeake_ was, after a most remarkable fashion, ready for sea. She set her pennant, got up her anchor, and with her decks littered with baggage, chicken coops--what not--and her rammers, wads, matches, and powder-horns stowed no one knew where, she sailed away.

Meantime, while yet the _Chesapeake’s_ anchor had not been gotten, the crew of the big British fifty-gun ship _Leopard_ had made sail and gone to sea slowly--so slowly that she kept the _Chesapeake_ constantly in sight.

At 3 o’clock in the afternoon the _Leopard_ brought to near the _Chesapeake_ and hailed her, saying that the officers and crew wished to send letters by her to friends in Europe. It was a common practice for warships as well as merchantmen to carry letters in that fashion, and the _Chesapeake_ backed her mainyards and waited for the boat from the _Leopard_. When the boat came, a British lieutenant climbed to the deck of the _Chesapeake_, and then, instead of producing a package of letters, he drew forth a written demand from his captain for the return of the sailors alleged to be British subjects. With this demand he also presented a copy of the circular issued by his admiral which ordered any British ship falling in with the _Chesapeake_ to take the so-called deserters from her by force if necessary. Captain Barron was very much surprised, but he refused to deliver up the men.

Meantime the _Leopard_ had worked into the most advantageous position for attacking the _Chesapeake_, and with her ports open, cannon out, and matches lighted, she awaited the issue of the demand.

The lieutenant returned to his ship. Captain Humphreys of the _Leopard_ mounted the rail and shouted:

“Commodore Barron must be aware that the orders of the admiral must be obeyed.”

No reply was made to this, and the words were repeated. A shot was fired across the bows of the _Chesapeake_. Another one was fired in like manner, and then a whole broadside was discharged directly at the American ship.

Being wholly unprepared for action, the _Chesapeake_ could make no reply, and for twelve minutes (some accounts say fifteen) she lay there helpless while the British seamen worked their guns. Her masts, rigging, and sails were shot to pieces. Three men were killed and eighteen wounded, Captain Barron being among the wounded.

[Illustration: CAPT^N. SALUSBURY PRYCE HUMPHREYS. R.N.]

It was deliberate, cold-blooded murder, done to compel three American citizens to return to the slavery on a British ship into which they had been kidnapped. And it succeeded in its object.

Being, as said, wholly unprepared, no defence was made, and when Captain Barron saw that his crew were being killed uselessly, he hauled down his flag. Lieut. William H. Allen, on the _Chesapeake_, did manage to fire one gun by means of a coal carried in his bare hands from the galley fire, and the ball hulled the _Leopard_, but the flag was already down to the rail, and it was done only as a matter of honor.

So the crew of the _Chesapeake_ were mustered on deck, the triumphant lieutenant returned, the four “deserters” were bundled over the rail into the British boat, and the _Chesapeake_ was left, with her dead and wounded, to work her riddled sails in the course back to Norfolk.

The _Leopard_ sailed on. The unfortunate Jenkin Ratford was hanged at the fore yardarm, and the three who were acknowledged to be kidnapped American citizens were sentenced to receive 500 lashes from the cat.

And what does the uninformed reader suppose the political leaders of the American republic did about it? They tore the Eagle from the American coat-of-arms and substituted the Porcupine--they asked the British government to disavow the act of Admiral Berkeley, and they ordered the building of 188 more gunboats for harbor defence!

[Illustration: Taking Deserters from the _Chesapeake_.]

APPENDIX TO VOLUME I

PAY OF NAVAL SEAMEN IN THE FIRST YEAR OF THE NAVY AS A NATIONAL ORGANIZATION.

Commander-in-chief, $125 a month. Officers of a ship of twenty guns and upward: captain, $60; lieutenant, $30; master, $30; surgeon, $25; chaplain, $20; midshipman, $12; gunner, $15; seaman, $8.

Officers of a ship of ten to twenty guns: captain, $48; lieutenant, $24; master, $24; surgeon, $21.66; midshipman, $12; gunner, $13; seaman, $8.

The pay of the following was the same in any class of cruisers: armorer, $15; sailmaker, $12; yeoman, $9; quartermaster, $9; quarter-gunner, $8; coxswain, $9; cook, $12.

Commanders were allowed $4 and $5 a week for rations, and lieutenants, captains of marines, surgeons, and chaplains, $4.

Prize money coming to the officers and seamen of the Continental navy was divided in shares: captains, 6; first lieutenant, 5; second lieutenant, 4; surgeon, 4; master, 3; steward, 2; mate, 1½; gunner, 1½; boatswain, 1½; gunner’s mate, 1½; sergeant, 1½; privates, 1.

Maclay notes that the first system of uniforms was adopted for the Continental navy on the 5th of September, 1776, when the Marine Committee decided that the uniform for the officers of the navy should be as follows: Captains, a coat of blue cloth with red lapels, slashed cuffs, a stand-up collar, flat yellow buttons, blue breeches, and a red waistcoat with yellow lace. The uniform for lieutenants consisted of a blue coat with red lapels, a round cuff faced, a stand-up collar, yellow buttons, blue breeches, and a plain red waistcoat. Masters were to have a blue coat with lapels, round cuffs, blue breeches, and a red waistcoat; while midshipmen had a blue coat with lapels, a round cuff faced with red, a stand-up collar, with red at the buttons and buttonholes, blue breeches, and a red waistcoat. The marines were to have a green coat faced with white, round cuffs, slashed sleeves and pockets, with buttons around the cuff, a silver epaulet on the right shoulder, skirts turned back, buttons to suit the facings, white waistcoat and breeches edged with green, black gaiters and garters. The men were to have green shirts “if they can be procured.”

INDEX

_Abby Bradford_, merchant-ship, capture of, by the _Sumter_, iv. 412; captured by the frigate _Powhatan_, 413.

_Abellino_, Yankee privateer, captures prizes in the Mediterranean, iii. 343.

_Acasta_, British gun-boat, attacks the _Constitution_, iii. 260.

Acquia Creek, Potomac River, capture of Confederate forts at, iv. 66, 81–83.

_Active_, British brig, captured by the _Hazard_, i. 206.

_Adams_, American frigate, changed to a corvette, iii. 54; Captain Charles Morris in command of, 57; on the coast of Africa, 58; chased by the _Tigris_, 59; scurvy on board, 60; runs on a rock, 61; attacked on the Penobscot, 62; burned, _ib._

Adams, Captain H. A., disloyal conduct of, iv. 117.

Adams, John, member of first Marine Committee, i. 36.

Adams, Samuel, and the Boston tea-party, i. 12.

_Adelaide_, Federal transport, iv. 100.

_Adeline_, American brig, recaptured from the British, ii. 74.

_Admiral Duff_, British privateer, blown up by the _Protector_, i. 207.

_Adriana_, American brigantine, Ambassador to Holland sails on, iv. 153.

_Adventure_, British ship, burned by Paul Jones, i. 78.

_Africa_, British ship-of-the-line, ii. 55.

Africa, making the coast of, safe for American traders, iii. 340–358.

_Aiken_, Southern revenue cutter, converted into the Confederate privateer _Petrel_, iv. 93.

_Alabama_, Confederate privateer, off Galveston, iv. 357; known as _No. 290_, 430; Captain Semmes appointed to command, 431; cruises off the Azores, Martinique, Galveston, Cape Town, and the East Indies, 432–436; encounters the _Kearsarge_ at Cherbourg, 436; comparison of their armaments, 437; the fight, 438–441; prizes taken by, 447.

_Alabama_ claims, iv. 430.

_Albatross_, Federal gun-boat, passes the batteries of Port Hudson, iv. 358.

_Albemarle_, Confederate ironclad ram, iv. 456; laid up at Plymouth, N.C., 457; blown up by Lieutenant Cushing, 461.

Albemarle Sound, N.C., a Confederate privateer resort, iv. 94.

_Albert Adams_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by the _Sumter_, iv. 415.

Alden, Captain James, iv. 386.

Alden, Commander James, iv. 314.

_Alert_, British corvette, surrenders to the _Essex_, ii. 42; attempt to rescue from Porter, 43, 44.

_Alert_, British cutter, captures the _Lexington_, i. 119, 120.

Alexander, Captain Charles, i. 66.

_Alexandria_, British frigate, ii. 359.

Alexandria, Red River, Admiral Porter’s squadrons arrive at, iv. 370.

_Alfred_, American flagship, sent to France, i. 130; captured, 132, 133.

Algerian fleet sent after Yankee merchantmen, iii. 341.

Algerian Navy, strength of the, iii. 344.

Algerian pirates encouraged by England, i. 308, 309.

Algiers, Africa, tribute paid to by the United States, iii. 339; by England, 340.

Algiers, Dey of, ransom paid to, i. 309, 310; treatment of Americans by, iii. 340, 341.

Algiers, harbor defences of, iii. 345.

_Allen_, American gun-boat, iii. 141.

Allen, Captain William Henry, ii. 360; carries the American Minister to France, 361; sails into the English Channel, _ib._; captures a wine ship from Portugal, 362, 363; encounters the _Pelican_, 362–364; his ship surrendered, 367; dies in Mill Prison Hospital, 371.

Allen, Lieutenant William Howard, takes charge of the ship, ii. 364; continues the fight, 367; killed in an engagement with pirates, iii. 333.

_Alliance_, American frigate, detailed to carry Lafayette home, i. 232; fouls the _Bonhomme Richard_, 234; takes a valuable prize, 236; fires into the _Bonhomme Richard_, 254; flight of Paul Jones on the, 275; cruises on the French coast, 297; narrow escape of, 298; sails from Havana with specie, _ib._; attacked by the _Sybille_, 299; sold, 303.

_Alligator_, American tender, surrendered to the British, iii. 235.

_Alligator_, American schooner, defeats an attack at Cole’s Island, ii. 419.

Alvarado, Mexican port, Commodore Conner attempts to take, iii. 410; captured by Lieutenant Charles G. Hunter, 428.

Alwyn, John C., Lieutenant in the _Java_ fight, mortally wounded, ii. 166, 171, 172.

American citizens in foreign countries, iii. 385, 386.

American commerce, English policy toward, i. 306, 307, 384; protected by Portugal, 307; menace to, iv. 412.

American cruisers in British waters, i. 112–133.

American flag, first salute given to, i. 69; designed, 134; first hoisted, 135; first saluted by a foreign power, 138; protected by Portugal, 307; a shield for an infamous traffic, iii. 361; a Chinese assault on, 380.

American frontier in 1812, ii. 262.

American Navy, first existence of, i. 1; founders of, 37; first ships of, in commission, 39–43; resolutions of Congress founding it, 41; first officers and first ships of, 39–43; origin of the, 1–47; first cruise of the, 48–62; first squadron poorly manned and inefficient, 49–53; along shore in 1776, 63–83; mismanagement in, 159; at the time of the Declaration of Independence, 300; building a new navy, 303; strength of, at commencement of hostilities with France, 315; almost extinct, 396; reduced to a peace footing, 398; discreditable lack of, ii. 26; increase of, 356; development of, from 1815 to 1859, iv. 1–9; personnel of the, in 1859, 24–26; number of men who took part with the Southern States, 27; value of men from Northern ports and the Great Lakes, 36; a nautical curiosity shop, 37; ferryboats as naval ships, _ib._; first great naval expedition of the War of the Rebellion, 168; modern, sketch of, 523–554; in 1885, condition of, 523.

American prisoners in England, i. 122; in Tripoli, 345, 358.

American seamen, impressment of, ii. 18; courage and skill of, 357.

American sea-power in 1812, ii. 21.

American shipping and French cruisers, i. 314.

American squadron, career of the first, i. 60.

Ammen, Captain Daniel, at Port Royal, iv. 163; Commander of the _Patapsco_, 480.

_Amphitrite_, American pilot-boat, attacks a French privateer, ii. 34.

_Amy_, American bark, Blackford, at Rio Janeiro, iv. 548.

_Anacostia_, Federal screw steamer, at Acquia Creek, iv. 81.

Anarchy in the West Indies and along the Spanish Main, iii. 325.

_Andrea Doria_, brig of first American Navy, i. 39; in the first naval battle of the Revolution, 58; ordered to sea, 64; fight with brig _Racehorse_, 68, 69; burned, 70.

Andrews, Major W. S. G., Commander of Fort Hatteras, iv. 107.

Anglo-Saxon aggressiveness, iii. 391.

Anglo-Saxon cheer, the, ii. 308.

Angostura, Venezuela, Commodore Perry arrives at, iii. 329.

Anthracite coal used by blockade-runners, iv. 55.

Antonio, Cape, Captain Kearny of the _Enterprise_ captures pirates near, iii. 331.

_Aquidaban_, Brazilian rebel monitor, iv. 548.

Arbuthnot, Captain James, captured by the _Wasp_, iii. 93–96.

_Arcade_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by Confederate cruiser _Sumter_, iv. 415.

_Archer_, captured by Captain Read of the _Tacony_, iv. 424.

_Argus_, American sloop, ii. 360; carries the American Minister to France, 361; cruises in the English Channel, _ib._; too successful for her safety, 362; encounters _Pelican_, 362, 363; her sails become unmanageable, 364; surrenders, 367; contemporary view of the battle, 369; taken by a prize crew to Plymouth, 371.

_Argus_, American frigate, captures six prizes, ii. 151.

_Argus_, American cruiser, in the attack on Tripoli, i. 374.

_Ariadne_, British man-of-war, captures the _Alfred_, i. 132, 133.

_Ariel_, American schooner, ii. 292.

_Arkansas_, Confederate ram, skirmish in the Yazoo River, iv. 342, 343; machinery gets out of order, 343; attacks Farragut’s squadron, 344.

Arkansas Post, naval force sent to help capture, iv. 351.

_Armada_, British liner, chases the _Wasp_, iii. 92.

Armament and construction of gun-boats, iv. 246.

Armament of battle-ships from 1812 to 1859, iv. 24.

Armor-plated ships, first use of, iv. 9, 10.

Armstrong, Commodore James, surrenders Pensacola Navy Yard to Confederates, iv. 112; suspended for five years, 113.

Arnold, Benedict, invades Canada, i. 84; builds a fleet, 89; fight on Lake Champlain, 92–94; character of, as a fighter, 105.

Arsenals established in New York State, ii. 264.

_Asp_, American ship, ii. 352.

_Atalanta_, British brig, surrenders to the _Alliance_, i. 298.

_Atalanta_, British ship, captured by the _Wasp_, iii. 100.

_Atalanta_, British frigate, ii. 16.

_Atlanta_, formerly the _Fingal_, Confederate ironclad, iv. 488; surrenders to the _Weehawken_, 489.

_Atlanta_, United States cruiser, iv. 533.

_Atlantic_, British letter-of-marque whaler, captured by Porter, iii. 9. See _Essex, Jr._

Audience, an intensely interested, iii. 152.

_Augusta_, Federal ship, in Port Royal squadron, iv. 172.

_Augusta_, armed merchantman, attacked by the Confederate ironclad _Palmetto State_, iv. 474.

Aulick, Captain James, sent to Japan in 1851, iii. 443; recalled on false charges, _ib._

_Avon_, British brig-sloop, captured by the _Wasp_ (3), iii. 93–96.

_Aylwin_, American gun-boat, iii. 141.

Bache, Lieutenant G. M., iv. 369.

Badajos, rapacity of English veterans in the streets of, iii. 134.

_Bahama_, British merchant-ship, officers and crew of the _Alabama_ taken in the, to Terceira, iv. 431.

Bahama Islands, a resort for contraband traders in the Civil War, iv. 48.

Bahia, Brazil, Captain Bainbridge paroles his prisoners at, ii. 167, 175.

Bailey, Lieutenant-colonel Joseph, saves Admiral Porter’s squadron, iv. 371–376; receives thanks of Congress, 376.

Bailey, Captain Theodorus, at New Orleans, iv. 316; commands first division of Farragut’s squadron, 324; sent ashore to deliver Farragut’s letter, 338.

Bainbridge, Captain William, i. 316; surrenders to the French frigate _Insurgent_, _ib._; Captain of the _Voluntaire_ refuses to accept his sword, _ib._; deceives the French officer, 317; sent to Tripoli in charge of the _Essex_, 335; chases a Tripolitan corsair, 341; loses his ship on a reef, 343; court-martialed, 344; a prisoner in Tripoli, 345; communicates with American fleet, 346; a shot penetrates his prison, 368; remonstrates with the Navy Department of Madison’s administration, ii. 26; cruising in Brazil, 152; fight with the British frigate _Java_, 153–173; wounded, 155; conducts his ship while his wounds are being dressed, 156; paroles 378 of the _Java’s_ crew, 167; blows up the _Java_, 173; his dream realized, 172, 173; his character illustrated, 177; insulted at Barcelona, iii. 311–313.

Bainbridge, Midshipman Joseph, his duel with the Secretary of Sir Alexander Ball, iii. 307–311; captures a Carthaginian privateer, iii. 65; attacked and captured by the _Orpheus_ and _Shelburne_, 65, 66.

Baker, Captain Thomas H., iv. 89.

Baldwin, Lieutenant, i. 66.

Ball, Sir Alexander, iii. 307.

_Ballard_, American gun-boat, iii. 141.

Ballard, Midshipman Edward J., ii. 206.

_Baltimore_, American frigate, five men of the, impressed in the British service, 401.

Bankhead, Captain J. P., at Port Royal, iv. 163.

Banks, General Nathaniel Prentiss, sent on expedition to Shreveport, La., iv. 368.

_Banshee_, the first steel blockade-runner, iv. 57.

Barbary pirates encouraged by England, i. 307; war with, 333, 334.

_Barclay_, British whaler, captured by Porter, iii. 8.

Barclay, Captain Robert H., appears off Erie, ii. 289; fond of festivities, 291; misses the American fleet, 292; opposes Perry, 296; superiority of his ships, 298; determines to meet Perry, 302; awaits the American squadron, 306; fires the first gun, 308; surrenders, 324, 326; loses a second arm in the battle, 330.

Barnard, Captain Tim, iii. 187; captures nineteen prizes, _ib._

Barney, Captain Joshua, sketch of, i. 209–215; has command of the clipper-schooner _Rossie_, ii. 245; captures by, 246–248; commands a fleet in Chesapeake Bay in 1813, 403; attacked by the British on the Patuxent River, 403–409; Captain Samuel Miller and Colonel Wadsworth sent to his assistance, 409, 410; moves up the Patuxent River, 413; burns his fleet, 414; wounded, 416.

Barney, Major William B., acts as aid to his father, ii. 406; in command of cutter _Scorpion_, 408.

_Barossa_, British frigate, ii. 395.

Barreaut, Captain, chases American ships, i. 316; recalled by Captain St. Laurent, 317–319.

Barriers on the Mississippi to prevent Farragut’s advance, iv. 320; broken down by the _Itasca_, 323.

Barron, Captain James, sent to Tripoli in charge of the _President_, i. 335; with Stephen Decatur, iii. 318–322; restored to active service, 323.

Barron, Captain Samuel, sent to Tripoli in charge of the _Philadelphia_, i. 335.

Barron, Flag Officer Samuel, captured at Fort Hatteras, iv. 106.

Barry, Captain John, i. 39; commands American brig _Lexington_, 63; cruises off Virginia capes, 64; encounters British tender _Edward_, 64; sinks the _Effingham_, 188; captures and destroys the schooner _Alert_, 189, 190; appointed to the _Raleigh_, _ib._; chases the Unicorn, 191; loses the _Raleigh_, 194.

Bashaw of Tripoli, treachery of, i. 335, 336; refuses to make a treaty, 340; agrees to give up prisoners, 378.

Bassett, Lieutenant F. S., opinion of Commodore Hopkins, i. 61.

Batteaux, travelling in, ii. 263.

Battle of Bunker Hill, i. 26; Champlain, 92–111; of Fort Pillow, iv. 298; of Grand Gulf, 367; of Lake Erie, ii. 309–325; of Lexington, i. 14; of Memphis, iv. 298–307; of New Orleans (in the Civil War), 326–340; of Pittsburg Landing, 284.

Baton Rouge surrenders to Captain Craven of the _Brooklyn_, iv. 340.

_Baudara de Sangare_, a private vessel, captured by the _Shark_, iii. 332.

Baury, Lieutenant Frederick, iii. 81.

Bay Point. See _Fort Beauregard_.

Bazely, Lieutenant John, captures the _Lexington_, i. 119, 120.

_Beagle_, American ship, captures Cape Cruz, iii. 334.

_Beaufort_, Confederate gun-boat, takes crew off the _Congress_ after she surrenders to the _Merrimac_, iv. 208.

_Beauregard_, Confederate ram, attacks the _Queen of the West_ at Fort Pillow, iv. 301; rammed and sunk by the _Monarch_, 302.

Bell, Henry H., iv. 314.

Belligerent ships, rules and orders regarding, issued by British Government, iv. 411.

Belligerents, rights of, iv. 86.

Belmont, on the Mississippi, battle at, iv. 251; the Confederates compel Grant to retreat, 252.

_Belvidera_, British frigate, encounters the _President_, ii. 29; escapes, 32.

_Ben. Dunning_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by Confederate cruiser _Sumter_, iv. 415.

Benham, Admiral A. E. K., prompt action of, at Rio Janeiro, iv. 548.

Bentham, Commander George, attacks the _General Armstrong_ in the harbor of Fayal, iii. 187–199; sets fire to the _Armstrong_, 200.

_Benton_ snag-boat, converted by Eads into an armored vessel, iv. 246–249.

_Benton_, Porter’s flagship before Vicksburg, iv. 363.

_Benton_, Federal gun-boat, Lieutenant-commander J. A. Greer, iv. 369.

_Berceau_, French frigate, fights with the _Boston_, i. 328; returned to France, 330.

Beresford, Captain John Poer, recaptures the _Frolic_ from the _Wasp_, ii. 118.

Berkeley, British minister at Washington, recalled and promoted, ii. 2.

Bermudas a basis for contraband trade during the Civil War, iv. 48.

_Betsey_, British bark, captured by Captain Alexander, i. 66.

Biddle, Captain Nicholas, i. 64; commands the _Randolph_, 160; attacks the _Yarmouth_, 162.

Biddle, James, Lieutenant on the _Wasp_ (No. 2), ii. 111; leads the boarders, _ib._; hauls down the flag of the _Frolic_, 112; appointed to command the _Hornet_, iii. 272; commands the _Macedonian_, 331; sent to the Pacific Coast, 401; sent to Japan to negotiate a treaty of peace, 440.

_Bienville_, Federal ship, in Port Royal squadron, iv. 172.

_Black Hawk_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 369.

_Black Prince_, purchased by Naval Committee, i. 39.

Black Rock, near Buffalo, Lieutenant Elliott establishes a navy yard at, ii. 273.

_Black Snake_, British gun-boat, iii. 126.

Blake, Captain H. C., iv. 432.

Blakely, Master-commandant Johnston, ii. 375; fights with the _Reindeer_ and the _Avon_, iii. 85–96; captures the _Atalanta_, 100; lost with his ship, 103.

Blockade-runner, legal status of, iv. 57, 58.

Blockade-runners, chiefly in the hands of the British, iv. 48; reckless loading of, 61; profits of, 63, 64.

Blockading the Southern ports, iv. 28–30; no force available to blockade at the beginning of the war, 32; lack of ships and men, 34; Congress slow to appreciate the need of a navy, 35.

“Blood is thicker than water,” iii. 381, 382.

Blythe, Captain Samuel, attacks the _Enterprise_, ii. 375; killed, 379; buried at Portland, 385.

Board of Admiralty, i. 158.

Boggs, Commander Charles S., iv. 314.

_Bolton_, American bomb-brig, i. 56.

_Bonhomme Richard_, American ship, i. 227; origin of the name, 228; fitted out by Jones, 229; mixed crew of, 230; Richard Dale as master’s mate on, _ib._; the _Alliance_ runs foul of, 234; accident to, 235; meets the _Serapis_, 243; fight with the _Serapis_, 245–259; comparative strength of the two ships, 265; after the surrender, 269–272; sinking of the ship, 272.

_Bonita_, American schooner, in attack on Alvarado, iii. 410.

_Bonne Citoyenne_, British war-ship, blockaded in the harbor of Bahia, ii. 179; cowardice of Captain Greene, 180.

_Borer_, American gun-boat, iii. 141.

_Boston_, American frigate, i. 286, 287.

_Boston_, American ship, fights the _Berceau_, Captain Senez, i. 328, 329.

Boston Port Bill, i. 13.

Boston, tea destroyed in harbor of, i. 13; press-gang riots in, 395.

_Boston_, United States cruiser, iv. 533.

Boutelle, Mr., of the Federal Coast Survey, replaces the buoys at Port Royal, iv. 171.

Bowling Green, Kentucky, Confederate position at, untenable after surrender of Fort Henry, iv. 266.

_Boxer_, British brig, attacks the _Enterprise_, ii. 375; surrenders, 379; crew of, 382; decision of the British court on the loss of the, 384.

_Bragg_, Confederate ship, captured at Fort Pillow, iv. 302.

Breckenridge, General, attacks the Federal forces at Baton Rouge, iv. 344.

Breese, Lieutenant-commander K. R., iv. 369.

Breeze, Chaplain, on the _Lawrence_ in the battle of Lake Erie, ii. 317.

British Government, attitude of the, toward African pirates, iii. 340.

British grab at the Valley of the Mississippi, iii. 229, 230.

British merchants and the American war, i. 112.

British Navy in American waters, i. 195.

British waters, rights of belligerents in, iv. 411.

Brock, Sir Isaac, his view of the English possession of America, ii. 279.

_Broke_, British gun-boat, iii. 143.

Broke, Captain Philip Vere, Commodore British squadron, ii. 55; challenges Lawrence of the _Chesapeake_ to fight, “ship to ship,” ii. 203, 204; boards the _Chesapeake_, 214; is wounded, 217; becomes delirious, 221, 225; made a baronet, 226; death of, 229.

Brooke, Lieutenant John M., assigned to assist in designing an ironclad, iv. 184.

_Brooklyn_, screw sloop, iv. 314.

_Brooklyn_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 386.

Brown, Lieutenant George, iv. 389.

Brown, Captain Isaac N., iv. 342; skirmish with the Federal fleet in the Yazoo River, _ib._; attacks Farragut’s squadron, 344; supports Breckenridge at Baton Rouge, _ib._

Brown, Lieutenant James, ii. 217.

Browne, Lieutenant G. W., iv. 370.

Brownson, Captain Willard H., at Rio Janeiro, iv. 548; on the coast of Mexico, 553.

Bruinsburg, Federal army crosses from, to Grand Gulf, iv. 364.

Bryant, Captain N. C., before Fort Pillow, iv. 290.

Buchanan, Flag Officer Franklin, iv. 188; his difficulty in finding a crew, 195; wounded, 210; his report of the fight, _ib._; Confederate fleet of, at Mobile, 380; sends the _Tennessee_ into action, 399; wounded, 402.

Budd, Lieutenant George, ii. 206, 218.

Bullock, Commander James D., supervises construction of the _Alabama_, iv. 430.

Bunker Hill, battle of, i. 26.

_Bunker Hill_, American privateer, ii. 394.

Burleton, Admiral Sir George, chases the _Hornet_, iii. 282.

Burnside, General A. E., sent to capture Roanoke Island, iv. 109.

_Burrows_, American gun-boat, iii. 141.

Burrows, Lieutenant William, appointed to command the _Enterprise_, ii. 375; encounters the _Boxer_, 375–377; is mortally wounded, 377; receives the surrender of the _Boxer_, 379.

Bushnell, David, invents first American submarine torpedo boat, i. 164; sketch of his life, 180–184.

Butler, General Benjamin F., sent to attack the forts on Hatteras Islands, iv. 100; his report at, 107; occupies New Orleans, 338, 339; his plan for blowing up Fort Fisher, 508–510.

_Byron_, Captain of, chased by the _President_, ii. 29–32.

_Cabot_, brig of first American Navy, i. 39; commanded by Captain Elisha Hinman, i. 66; fired by her captain, 163.

_Cairo_, armor-plated Federal gun-boat, built by Eads, iv. 245; Captain N. C. Bryant commands, 290; runs by torpedoes in the Yazoo River expedition, iv. 350.

Calbreth, Peter, one of the capturers of the _Margaretta_, i. 17.

Caldwell, Lieutenant C. H. B., iv. 314; breaks barriers across the Mississippi, 323.

_Caleb Cushing_, Federal revenue cutter, cut out and burnt by the _Archer_, iv. 424.

_Caledonia_, British brig, captured by Lieutenant Elliott, ii. 279.

California, a bone of contention between Americans and English, in 1842, iii. 387, 388; operations that insured the acquisition of, iii. 387, 388.

Canada invaded by American troops, i. 84; annexation of, agitated in 1812, ii. 20; invasions of, for resenting British aggressions, ii. 263.

Canning, British prime minister, diplomacy of, in regard to the _Chesapeake_ affair, ii. 1.

Canton, China, American fleet sent to, to protect American interests, iii. 380.

Cape Cruz, South America, a pirate resort captured by the _Greyhound_ and _Beagle_, iii. 334.

Carden, Captain John Surnam, i. 389; cruel treatment of sailors, _ib._; cruises in the Azores, ii. 121; falls in with the _United States_, 122; fight with, 125–134; Decatur refuses to receive his sword, 139.

Caribbean Sea a nest for pirates, iii. 326.

Carleton, Sir Guy, his supplies captured by Paul Jones, i. 79; confidence of, 85; his fleet at St. John’s, 87; fight on Lake Champlain, 92–94.

_Carleton_, British schooner, ii. 100.

_Carnation_, British brig, attacks the _General Armstrong_ in the neutral port of Fayal, Azores, iii. 187–200.

Caroband Bank, South America, fight between the _Hornet_ and _Peacock_ near, ii. 181.

_Caroline_, American schooner, attacks the British camp at Villeré’s Plantation on the Mississippi, iii. 239; is fired and abandoned, 240.

Carondelet, James B. Eads’s shipyard at, iv. 243.

_Carondelet_, armor-plated Federal gun-boat, built by Eads, iv. 245, 369; goes aground outside Fort Henry, 265; gets free, 266; shells Fort Donelson, 268, 271; disabled before Fort Donelson, 271; gun bursts on, 272; in Porter’s fleet before Vicksburg, 363.

Carronades, description and value of, ii. 36–38.

Carronades (short guns) out of use, iii. 141.

Carrying trade of the Mediterranean, England’s tribute to the Dey of Algiers for, iii. 340; after the War of 1812, _ib._

Cassin, Lieutenant Stephen, iii. 139.

_Castilian_, English brig-sloop, iii. 93.

_Catherine_, British ship, captured by Lieutenant Downes, iii. 10.

Cat-o’-ninetails used to enforce orders on British ships, i. 389.

_Catskill_, Federal ironclad, iv. 480.

_Cayuga_, Federal screw gun-boat, iv. 314.

_Centipede_, American gun-boat, iii. 141.

_Centipede_, British launch, ii. 398; sunk, 400.

Ceremonies connected with first American fleet, i. 44–46.

_Ceres_, British man-of-war, captures the _Alfred_, i. 132, 133.

Chads, Lieutenant, in the fight with the _Constitution_, takes command when Captain Lambert is mortally wounded, ii. 165.

Champlain, Lake, naval battle on, i. 92–100; reflections on the battle, 105–111.

Champlin, Stephen, in the battle of Lake Erie, ii. 326; fires the last shot of the battle, 327.

Chandeleur Islands, the British forces arrive at, to attack New Orleans, iii. 230.

Chaplin, Lieutenant J. C., attacks the forts at Acquia Creek, iv. 82.

Charles City, Ark., attack on, by Federal gun-boats and an Indiana regiment, iv. 307.

_Charleston_, United States cruiser, plans of, imported, iv. 531.

Charleston, S. C., defences of, iv. 467; bombardment of, iv. 480–502.

_Charlton_, British whaler, captured by Porter, iii. 14.

_Charwell_, British brig, iii. 110.

Chase, Major W. H., and Colonel Lomax, capture the Pensacola Navy Yard, iv. 112.

_Chasseur_, Baltimore clipper, attacks the _St. Lawrence_, British war-schooner, iii. 204.

_Chatsworth_, American brigantine, slave-ship captured by Lieutenant Foote, iii. 366.

Chauncey, Commodore Isaac, appointed to command the forces on the Great Lakes, ii. 270; attacks Kingston, _ib._; attacks Toronto, 341; attacks Fort George, 342; returns to Sackett’s Harbor, 348; makes another assault on Toronto, 349; Sir James Yeo’s squadron appears, _ib._; jockeying for position, 350; Chauncey opens fire, 351; returns to the attack, 352; misses the great opportunity of his life, 353; operations of, on Lake Ontario, iii. 113–129.

_Cherub_, British war-ship, accompanies the _Phœbe_ in the attack on the _Essex_, iii. 25.

_Chesapeake_, American frigate, built, i. 312.

_Chesapeake_, Lawrence appointed to command of, ii. 197; her crew, 198; the ship reputed to be unlucky, 199; is fitted out for a voyage to intercept British ships, 200; is blockaded by the _Shannon_ in Boston Harbor, 203; goes out to meet the _Shannon_, 1813, 204; crew mutinous, 205; closes down on the _Shannon_, 206; the battle, 209; the _Chesapeake_ is boarded, 214; hand-to-hand fight, 217; the ship is captured, 221; taken to Halifax, 222; comparison of the two ships, 229.

_Chickasaw_, Federal monitor, iv. 386.

_Chickasaw_, Federal gun-boat, shells Fort Gaines, and compels it to surrender, iv. 405.

_Chicora_, Confederate ironclad, built at Charleston, iv. 473; fires on the _Keystone State_ and captures her, 475.

_Chillicothe_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 369.

Chinese assault on the American flag, a, iii. 380.

Chinese war of 1856, American interests involved in, and fleet sent to protect them, iii. 379–382.

_Chippeway_, British schooner, in battle of Lake Erie, ii. 297.

_Chubb_, British ship, disabled and surrenders to Macdonough, iii. 156.

_Chubb_, British gun-boat, iii. 143.

_Cincinnati_, armor-plated Federal gun-boat, built by Eads, iv. 245; flagship of Commodore Foote before Fort Henry, 261; Captain R. N. Stembel commands, 289; throws the first shell into Fort Pillow, 293; attacked by Confederate rains, _ib._; the _Mound City_ goes to the rescue of, 294; sinks, _ib._

_Circassian_, blockade-runner, captured off Havana by the Fulton ferryboat _Somerset_, iv. 37.

Civilization promoted by Anglo-Saxon aggressiveness, iii. 391.

_Clarence_, merchant-ship, captured by Captain Maffitt, of the cruiser _Florida_, iv. 424; placed under command of Lieutenant Read, _ib._; burnt, _ib._

Coaling stations, need of, by Federal war-ships in Southern waters, iv. 161.

Cocke, Captain W. H., iii. 333; fired on and killed by a Porto Rican fort, _ib._

Collier, Sir Ralph, K. C. B., iii. 260.

Collins, Captain Napoleon, at Port Royal, iv. 163; commanding the _Wachusett_, captures the _Florida_ in Bahia Harbor, iv. 424.

“Colonial Navy,” distinguished from temporary cruisers, i. 28, 29.

_Colorado_, United States screw frigate, launched, iv. 15.

_Columbia_, American frigate, attacks and bombards the Malay town of Quallah Battoo, iii. 375–379.

_Columbia_, United States cruiser, iv. 534.

Columbiad, description of, iv. 119.

_Columbus_, successful cruise of Captain Whipple in the, i. 66.

_Columbus_, American ship-of-the-line, sent to Japan, iii. 440.

Columbus, Ky., Confederate position at, becomes untenable after surrender of Fort Henry, iv. 266.

Columbus, on the Mississippi, Confederates evacuate, iv. 275.

_Comet_, American privateer, ii. 252.

Commander-in-chief of the Navy, title held by Commodore Hopkins only, i. 62.

_Condor_, blockade-runner, wreck of, at Fort Fisher, iv. 511.

_Conestoga_, merchant-vessel, purchased by Commander Rodgers, iv. 241; Captain Phelps appointed to command, 251.

_Confederacy_, American frigate, i. 287.

_Confederacy_, American packet, captured by the English, i. 298.

_Confiance_, British frigate, iii. 142; flagship of Captain Downie in the battle of Lake Champlain, 153; disabled and surrendered to the _Saratoga_, 165.

_Congress_, American galley, i. 89; Arnold’s, flagship, 99; covers retreat at Crown Point, 104; burned by Arnold, 105.

_Congress_, American frigate, built, i. 312; opens fire on the ironclad _Merrimac_ in Hampton Roads, iv. 200; grounded, 207; two Confederate gun-boats open fire on her, _ib._; Lieutenant Pendergrast surrendered her to the _Merrimac_, 208; hot shot fired at her by the _Merrimac_, 209; her magazine explodes, 215.

Connecticut troops desert, i. 30.

Conner, Commodore David, lands a force at Point Isabel, iii. 409; his fleet not fitted for shallow waters, 410; his conduct of the seige of Vera Cruz, 418.

Connyngham, Captain Gustavus, i. 123; captures prizes on the French coast, 124; commission taken from him, 125; takes command of the _Revenge_, 126; his ship injured, 127; refits in English port, 128; gets provisions in an Irish port, _ib._; sails for America, _ib._; denounced as a pirate, 129; cruel treatment of, in English prison, _ib._

_Constellation_, American frigate, built, i. 312; Captain Thomas Truxton commands, 316, 319; battle with French frigate _Insurgent_, 320; discipline on board of, 322, 323; battle with French frigate _Vengeance_, 323–325; Captain Charles Gordon appointed to command in Decatur’s fleet, iii. 343.

_Constitution_, United States frigate, built, i. 312; flagship in the attack on Tripoli, 367; called a “pine box” by Englishmen, 380; Captain Isaac Hull disputes with the Captain of the British warship _Havana_, ii. 13, 14; is chased by two frigates, _ib._; ship prepares for action, _ib._; frigates retreat, 16; her escape from a British squadron, 53–69; “a bunch of pine boards,” 73; fight with _Guerrière_, 76–95; comparative strength of the two ships, 96; return to Boston, 101; cruising off Brazil, 152; falls in with the _Java_, 153, 155–173; attempt of the _Java_ to board, 158; the London _Times_ on the victory, 176; Lawrence applies for the command of, 197; laid up at Boston, iii. 241; goes to sea again, 242; captures the war-schooner _Picton_, _ib._; falls in with the British frigate _La Pique_, _ib._; the British ship runs away, 243; is chased by the _Junon_ and _Tenedos_, 244; returns to Boston, 245; captures the _Lord Nelson_, _ib._; chases the _Elizabeth_ and captures the _Susan_, _ib._; is chased by the _Elizabeth_ and _Tiber_, 246; fight with the _Cyane_ and _Levant_, 247–256; sails to Porto Praya, 260; attacked by three British frigates, 261; her fighting days over, 268; plan of, iv. 537.

Continental Congress, effect on the, of the British vengeance on Portland, i. 26.

Continental Naval Board, i. 158.

Contraband trade in the Civil War, iv. 48–52.

Cooke, Captain. See _Albemarle_.

_Coquette_, American merchant schooner, plundered by the Porto Rico privateer _Palmira_, iii. 332.

Cornwallis, Lieutenant-general Lord, released from imprisonment in exchange for Henry Laurens, iv. 154.

Corpus Christi, Texas, captured by Farragut, iv. 357.

_Cossack_, Federal transport, iv. 478.

Cottineau, Captain Denis Nicholas, i. 232.

Cotton-mills of the world shut down during the War of the Rebellion, iv. 47.

_Countess of Scarborough_ attacks Paul Jones’s fleet off Flamborough Head, i. 243; surrender to the _Pallas_, 267.

_Couronne_, French ironclad, witnesses the _Alabama-Kearsarge_ fight, iv. 438.

Couthouy, Lieutenant S. P., iv. 369.

Cox, William, midshipman on the _Chesapeake_, ii. 206.

Coxetter, Captain Louis M., iv. 91–93.

Craighead’s Point, shells thrown into Fort Pillow from, iv. 290.

Craney Island, Captain Tattnall fires and blows up the _Merrimac_ on, iv. 236–237.

Craven, Captain Thomas Tunis, iv. 314; sinks with his ship, 394.

Craven, Commander T. A. M., iv. 386.

Crawford, William H., American minister to France, ii. 361.

_Cricket_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 370.

Crosby, Lieutenant Pierce, iv. 315.

Crown Point, retreat of Benedict Arnold to, i. 103; account of the roads and distances to, from New York, 109.

Crowninshield, George, Jr., privateersman, brings home the bodies of Captain Lawrence and Lieutenant Ludlow, ii. 225.

_Croyable_, French gun-ship, captured off the Delaware, and renamed the _Retaliation_, i. 316, 400.

Cruisers, Confederate, tales of the, iv. 407–451.

_Cuba_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by Confederate cruiser _Sumter_, iv. 415.

_Cumberland_, Federal sailing sloop-of-war, opens fire on the ironclad _Merrimac_, iv. 200; is rammed by the _Merrimac_, 201; in a sinking condition, 202; continues firing as she goes down, 203.

Cumberland Head, Plattsburg Bay, Macdonough’s squadron at, iii. 149.

Dabney, John B., American consul at Fayal, iii. 187; his report on the fight between the _Carnation_ and the _General Armstrong_, 195, 196, 198–201.

Dacres, Captain James Richard, ii. 55; surrenders to Captain Hull, 94.

Dahlgren, Rear-admiral John Adolph, his smooth-bore gun introduced, iv. 489.

Dahlgren, Admiral John A. B., relieves Dupont of his command, iv. 489.

Dale, Commodore Richard, master’s mate on _Lexington_, i. 68; escape of, from English prison, 123; joins Paul Jones’s fleet, 230; resourceful conduct of, 256, 260–262; wounded, 266; gallant conduct on the _Trumbull_, 295–297; placed in command of squadron in the Mediterranean, 334.

Dartmoor Prison, Rev. Joseph Bates imprisoned in, iii. 294.

_Dartmouth_, merchant-ship, tea thrown from, in Boston Harbor, i. 13.

_Dash_, privateer of Baltimore, captures schooner _Whiting_ in Chesapeake Bay, ii. 241.

_Dauphin_, American ship, captured by Algerian pirates, i. 309.

Dauphin Island, Mobile, iv. 379; Federal troops landed on, 385.

“Davids,” torpedo boats, first used at Charleston, iv. 497; derivation of name, 498.

Davis, Captain Charles, relieves Commodore Foote, iv. 289; his inactivity, 293.

Davis, Captain Charles H., replaces the buoys at Port Royal, iv. 171.

Davis, Jefferson, proclamation inviting applications for letters of marque, iv. 85.

Davis, Gunner’s Mate John, heroism of, iv. 110; promoted and honored, 111.

Davyson, Captain Thomas, surrenders to the _Providence_, i. 282, 283.

Dead Sea, exploration of the, iii. 464.

_Deane_, American frigate, with the _Boston_, captures six prizes, i. 284, 287.

Deane, Silas, member of first Marine Committee, i. 36; American commissioner to France with Franklin, i. 117.

De Camp, Commander John, iv. 314.

_Decatur_, American privateer, throws her guns overboard, ii. 75.

Decatur, Lieutenant James, in the attack on the city of Tripoli, i. 361; killed by the Tripolitans, 362.

Decatur, Lieutenant Stephen, Jr., i. 346; captures the _Mastico_, _ib._; sails on the _Mastico_ to set fire to the _Philadelphia_, 348–361; made a captain, 358; in the attack on the city of Tripoli, 361; his encounter with a Tripolitan captain, 363, 364; falls in with the British ships _Eurydice_ and _Atalanta_, ii. 16; cruises in the Azores in the _United States_, 121; encounters the _Macedonian_, 122; fights the second frigate battle of the War of 1812, 125–134; his personal direction of the guns, 128; surrender of the British frigate, 133; ball given to Decatur and his officers in New York, 149; gold medal given by Congress to, 150; transferred to the _President_, iii. 212; ordered to cruise in the East Indies, 215; chased by the British fleet, 216; lightens his ship, 217; addresses his crew, 218; attempts to retreat, 221; ordered to cruise in the South Atlantic, 271; his duelling experiences, 307–315; his fatal duel with Commodore Barron, 318–321; his death, 322; a squadron under his command sent to Africa, 343; his treaty with the Dey, 347–355; compels the Dey to pay indemnity, 355; goes to Tripoli and compels the Bashaw to settle, 357.

_Deerhound_, English yacht, witnesses the _Alabama-Kearsarge_ fight off Cherbourg, France, iv. 438; assists in picking up the crew of the _Alabama_, 441.

_Defence_, Connecticut cruiser, captures two transports, i. 203, 204.

_Defiance_, Confederate ironclad, abandoned by her crew at New Orleans, iv. 337.

De Gama, Saldanha, Brazilian rebel admiral, iv. 548.

_De Kalb_, armor-plated Federal gun-boat, built by Eads, first called the _St. Louis_, iv. 245; takes part in capture of Arkansas Post, iv. 351.

_Delaware_, United States frigate, i. 316.

_Demologos_, Fulton’s first steam war-ship, iv. 4, 11.

Desertions from British ships, i. 394.

_De Soto_, Federal boat, added to Ellet’s command, iv. 351; burned, 352.

_Detroit_, American brig, captured by the British, ii. 274; recaptured by Lieutenant Elliott, 276; runs aground on Squaw Island, 278; British again capture her, _ib._; the Americans destroy her, 279.

_Detroit_, United States cruiser, at Rio Janeiro, iv. 548; fires on the _Guanabara_, 553.

_Diadem_, British frigate, strength and armament of, iv. 23.

Diamond Reef, near Cape Hatteras, iv. 165.

Dickenson, Captain James, attacks the _Hornet_, iii. 273; is killed in the fight, 276.

_Diligence_, British schooner, sent to capture Captain Jeremiah O’Brien, i. 23.

_Diligent_, English brig, surrenders to the _Providence_, i. 282, 283.

Discipline on board American frigate _Constellation_, i. 322.

Discord fomented by England between the States of the Union, i. 384.

_Divided We Fall_, American privateer, ii. 253.

_Dixie_, Confederate privateer, iv. 93.

_Dolphin_, American cutter, purchased by Franklin and other commissioners, i. 117.

_Dolphin_, American privateer, ii. 242.

_Dolphin_, United States cruiser, iv. 531.

Donaldson, Commander Edward, iv. 389; of the _Sciota_, 315.

“Don’t tread on me,” the significant motto, i. 2, 46.

Douglas, Hon. Captain George, iii. 247; surrenders, 255.

Douglas, Lord Howard, his views on armor-clad ships, iv. 198.

Downes, Lieutenant John, sent on a cruise in the _Georgiana_, iii. 10; captures by, 10, 11; in the _Essex-Phœbe_ fight, 28; is appointed to command the _Epervier_, 1815, 343; attacks and overpowers the Malays at Quallah Battoo, 373, 374.

Downes, Commander John, iv. 480.

Downie, Captain George, iii. 144, 145; at the battle of Lake Champlain, 153, 154; killed, 165.

Drayton, Captain Percival, at Port Royal, iv. 163; Captain of the _Hartford_, 386; of the _Passaic_, 480.

Drayton, General Thomas F., at Port Royal, iv. 170.

_Druid_, British brig, attacked by the _Raleigh_, i. 131, 132.

_Drummond_, British gun-boat, iii. 143.

_Drummond_, British schooner, captured by Chauncey at Lake George, ii. 353.

Drunkenness and debauchery promoted by gun-boats, ii. 394.

_D. Trowbridge_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by the _Sumter_, iv. 415.

_Dublin_, British frigate, cruises off Callas, iii. 389.

_Duc de Lauzan_, American frigate, i. 287, 299.

Duckworth, Admiral Sir John T., on the cartel of the _Alert_, ii. 47.

Duddingstone, Lieutenant William, i. 4; shot, 10.

Duelling in the American Navy, iii. 305–323; at Gibraltar, 313, 314.

_Duke of Gloucester_, British ship captured by Americans at Toronto, burned at the attack on Fort George, ii. 346.

Dummy monitor sent adrift by Porter’s men, iv. 357.

Dunmore, Lord, in Chesapeake Bay, i. 35.

Dunovant, Colonel R. M., at Fort Beauregard, iv. 170.

Dupont, Commander Samuel Francis, spikes the guns of San Blas, iii. 402; takes command of a fleet to take possession of Port Royal, iv. 163.

Dynamite cruisers, construction of, iv. 542.

Eads, James B., ship-builder, takes a contract to build seven ironclad gun-boats, iv. 242–244; construction of, described, 245, 246; Eads and Ericsson, 244.

_Eagle_, American sloop, in Macdonough’s squadron, ii. 354; sunk by the British in the Sorel River, 355.

_Eagle_, American sloop, iii. 136, 138.

Earle, Commodore, attempts to capture the _Oneida_ and destroy Sackett’s Harbor, ii. 266, 268.

_Eastport_, Confederate river steamer, captured by Lieutenant Phelps, iv. 267.

_Eastport_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 369.

_Eben Dodge_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by Confederate cruiser _Sumter_, iv. 415.

_Eclipse_, American merchant-ship, attacked and looted by Malays, iii. 374–376.

_Edinburgh Review_ on the treatment of America by Great Britain, i. 384.

_Edwin_, American merchant-brig, captured by the Dey of Algiers, iii. 341, 351.

_Effingham_, American frigate, sunk, i. 188.

_Eliza_, merchant-schooner, David Porter’s first ship, ii. 33.

_Elizabeth_, British schooner, captured by Porter, iii. 4.

Ellet, Colonel Charles, Jr., converts seven river steamers into rams on the Ohio River, iv. 298; his part in the attack on Fort Pillow, 301.

Ellet, Colonel Charles R., sent by Porter to control the Mississippi between Vicksburg and Port Hudson, iv. 351.

Elliott, Lieutenant Jesse D., sent to Buffalo to purchase vessels, ii. 273; capture of the _Detroit_, 276, 278, 279; in command of the _Niagara_, 292; brings up the gun-boats, 322; criticized for inactivity, 335, 336; acts as second to Commodore Barron in his duel with Decatur, iii. 319; commands the _Ontario_ in an expedition against the Dey of Algiers in 1815, 343.

Elliptical route plan condemned by Admiral Porter, iv. 101.

_Emily St. Pierre_, British merchant-ship, seized by United States cruiser _James Adger_, iv. 58; recaptured by her captain, _ib._

_Enchantress_, merchant-schooner, captured by Confederate privateer _Jefferson Davis_, iv. 91.

_Endymion_, British frigate, attacks the _Prince de Neufchâtel_, American privateer, iii. 202; is defeated, 203; assists in the capture of the _President_, 222.

England, greed of, in dealings with her colonies, i. 4; tries to crush the new republic, 314.

English Navy of 1812 in American waters, ii. 25.

English officers offended by names given to Yankee ships, iii. 313.

English seaman in 1812, ii. 25.

Ensign, naval, first American, i. 46.

_Enterprise_, American brig, sent to South America to put down piracy, iii. 331.

_Enterprise_, American schooner, captures the French privateer _Seine_, i. 330; sent to Tripoli in charge of Lieutenant Andrew Sterrett, 335; battle with the war polacre _Tripoli_, 335; the luckiest, naval ship of the War of 1812, ii. 372; captures eight privateers, 373; cruises in the Mediterranean, _ib._; captures the _Tripoli_ and the ketch _Mastico_, _ib._; changed to a brig and overloaded with guns, 374; drives off English privateers under command of Master-commandant Johnston Blakely, 375; Lieutenant William Burrows takes charge of her, _ib._; cruises for privateers, _ib._; encounters the _Boxer_, _ib._; her commander wounded, and Lieutenant McCall takes his place, 377, 378; the _Boxer_ surrenders, 379; after the battle Master-commandant James Renshaw appointed to command, 386; cruises off the southern coast, _ib._; escapes from a British frigate, _ib._; employed as harbor guard, 387.

_Enterprise_, American sloop, i. 89.

_Epervier_, British brig-sloop, captured by the _Peacock_, iii. 66–71; taken into Savannah by Lieutenant John B. Nicholson, 76–78.

_Epervier_, American ship, lost at sea, iii. 354.

_Era_, Confederate steamer, captured by Federal fleet, iv. 352.

Erben, Captain Henry, at Fort Pillow, iv. 289.

_Ericsson_, a name given to the first monitor, iv. 215.

Ericsson, John, Swedish engineer, his screw propeller, iv. 10; his boat the _Francis B. Ogden_, _ib._; induced to come to America, 11; plans the first screw steamship, 12; Naval Board makes a contract with, for the _Monitor_, 191.

Erie, Pa., chosen as base of operations for gaining control of Lake Erie, ii. 282; ship-building at, 286.

_Espiègle_, British war-brig, chased by Captain Lawrence of the _Hornet_, ii. 181; again chased after sinking the _Peacock_, 190.

_Essex_, American frigate, sent to Tripoli, i. 335.

_Essex_, American frigate, ii. 33; first cruise in War of 1812, 34–50; British frigate _Minerva_ refuses to fight with, 39–41; captures the _Alert_, 41–43; crew of _Alert_ plan a rescue, 44; chased by the _Shannon_, 47; Farragut’s account of the crew, 49; begins her second cruise, Oct. 8, 1812, iii. 1; cruises off Port Praya, 2; captures the brig _Nocton_, 2, 3; dysentery among the crew, 4; panic on board, 6; painted and disguised, 8; captures British whalers, _ib._; refitted from the captured ships, 9; captures the _Atlantic_ and the _Greenwich_, _ib._; captures the _Charlton_, 13; goes into the harbor of Nukahiva to refit, 18–21; an incipient mutiny on, 21; attacked by the _Phœbe_ and _Cherub_, 24–43; losses of, 44; sent to England to be added to the British Navy, 48; her captures, 52; amount of damage done to the enemy, _ib._

_Essex_, Federal armor-plated gun-boat, iv. 249; in the battle of Port Henry, _ib._; disabled, 262; Flag Officer Foote’s warning to his crews about wasting shot, 261; Commander Robert Townsend, 369.

_Essex Junior_, formerly the British whaler _Atlantic_, iii. 12; in the fight between the _Phœbe_ and _Cherub_ against the _Essex_, 33–43; is disarmed and sent to New York, 49.

_Estido_, Algerian brig, captured near Cape Palos by the American Navy, iii. 348.

_Eurydice_, British frigate, ii. 16.

Evans, Surgeon Amos E., ii. 168.

_Experiment_, British frigate, captures the _Raleigh_, i. 194.

_Experiment_, American schooner, i. 330.

Exploring expeditions of the American Navy, iii. 464.

“Export powder,” an inferior quality of gunpowder, ii. 368.

_Fair American_, British brig, driven ashore by the _Hyder Ali_, i. 215.

Fairfax, Lieutenant D. M., takes Mason and Slidell off the _Trent_, iv. 144–146.

Fairfax, Commander D. M., iv. 480.

Falcon, Captain Thomas Gordon, chased by the _Constitution_, iii. 247; surrenders, 252.

Falmouth (now called Portland), Maine, attacked by British, i. 24–26, 32.

_Fame_, privateer of Salem, ii. 241.

_Fanny_, successful blockade-runner, iv. 63.

Farragut, Commodore David Glasgow, midshipman on the _Essex_, ii. 40; his wit saves a rescue of the _Alert_ by her crew, 44; his account of the crew of the _Essex_, 49; as captain when only twelve years old, iii. 12, 13; resumes his studies at Nukahiva, 19–21; his account of the fight of the _Essex_ with the _Phœbe_ and _Cherub_, 40–42; in his home at Norfolk, Va., 1862, awaiting orders, iv. 311; a member of the Naval Retiring Board, 313; suggested by Porter as a suitable commander of the New Orleans expedition, 313; accepts the position, 314; ships in his squadron, 314, 315; disguises his ships, 317; advances past the barriers, 324–330; demands surrender of New Orleans from Mayor Monroe, 338; pressed by the Administration to open up the Mississippi, 341; his bold cruise practically fruitless, 342; his fortune in the Gulf of Mexico, 357; runs his squadron past the works of Port Hudson, _ib._; captures Galveston and Corpus Christi, _ib._; losses in his fleet, 358; watches Confederates strengthen their works at Mobile, 384; moves his fleet up to Fort Morgan, 389; commences the battle, 392; disregards the torpedoes, 396; lashed to the mast, _ib._; wins the battle when the _Tennessee_ surrenders, 403; in his report gives special praise to members of his fleet, _ib._; his place in history, 465.

Faunce, Captain John, iv. 99.

Federal Government, its great aim to strangle and starve the Confederates, iv. 239.

Fernando de Noronha, Brazil, Porter visits and communicates with Bainbridge at, iii. 3; Captain Semmes allowed to make his headquarters there, iv. 527.

Ferryboats as successful naval ships, iv. 37.

_Finch_, British gun-boat, iii. 143; disabled in the battle of Lake Champlain, 161.

_Fingal_, Scotch iron steamer, erected into a Confederate ironclad, iv. 486; renamed the _Atlanta_, 488.

Fitch, Colonel, attacks Charles City, Ark., iv. 307; storms and captures it, 308.

Flag. See _American Flag_.

_Flag_, armed merchantman, attacked by the Confederate ironclad _Palmetto State_, iv. 474.

_Flambeau_, French privateer, captured by the _Enterprise_, ii. 373.

Flamborough Head, naval fight between the _Serapis_ and _Bonhomme Richard_ near, i: 243.

Flannen Islands, the _Alliance_, of Paul Jones’s fleet, captures a valuable prize off the coast of, i. 236.

Flores, General José Maria, paroled by Commodore Stockton, iii. 397; breaks his parole, _ib._

_Florida_, Confederate cruiser built at Liverpool, iv. 416; her first voyages, 417; Captain John Newland Maffitt appointed to command of, 418; is fired at by Captain Preble of the _Winona_, 419; escapes, _ib._; blockaded by the _Cuyler_, 420; runs the blockade, 423; Captain Charles M. Morris appointed to command of, 424; rammed by the _Wachusett_ and taken to the United States, _ib._; scuttled at Newport News, 429.

_Fly_, schooner of first American Navy, i. 40.

Foote, Admiral Andrew Hull, Lieutenant on the American brig _Perry_, sent to Africa to assist in putting down the slave traffic, iii. 363; his sincere desire to stop the traffic, 364; captures the slave-ships _Martha_ and _Chatsworth_, 364–366; the “original prohibitionist of the navy,” 367; is sent to Canton to protect American interests, 380; is fired on by the Chinese forts, _ib._; bombards and captures the forts, 380, 381; relieves Commander John Rodgers of his command on the Mississippi, iv. 250; assembles a fleet at Paducah, 255; inspects the crews, 256; seeming insolence of Captain Walke to, 266; joins the expedition to Fort Donelson, 268; is seriously wounded, 271; again, 272; is relieved by Captain Charles H. Davis, 289.

_Forest Queen_, Federal army transport, in Porter’s fleet before Vicksburg, iv. 364.

Fort Beauregard, on Bay Point, Charleston, S. C., Confederate fort at Port Royal, iv. 169, 467.

Fort Donelson, strength of, iv. 268; arrival of the _Carondelet_, _ib._; the _St. Louis_, _Louisville_, and _Pittsburg_ arrive before, 271; all three ships disabled, _ib._; the fleet at a disadvantage, 272; surrendered to General Grant, _ib._

Fort Erie, the Coney Island of Buffalo, ii. 273.

Fort Fisher, N. C., capture of, iv. 503–518; fortifications of, 505; General Butler’s plan of capture, 508–514; garrison of, 514.

Fort Gaines shelled by Federal gun-boat _Chickasaw_, iv. 405.

Fort George attacked by the Americans under Winfield Scott, ii. 342–344; Scott hauls down the British flag, 344.

Fort Gregg, Charleston, S. C., iv. 467.

Fort Henry, Tennessee River, Foote assembles a fleet at Paducah to attack, iv. 255; troops under Grant proceed up the river, _ib._; storm clears the river of torpedoes, 256; attacked by Foote’s fleet, 261–266; a victory for the gun-boats, 266; its importance to both armies, _ib._

_Fort Hindman_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 370.

Fort Jackson, Confederate fortification on the Mississippi, iv. 318; bombardment of, 322–324; surrendered to Porter, 339.

Fort Johnson, Charleston, S. C., iv. 467.

Fort Morgan, iv. 385, 386, 389.

Fort Moultrie, Charleston, S. C., iv. 467.

Fort Pillow, Federal fleet advances to, iv. 289; evacuated by Confederates, 298.

Fort Pinckney, Charleston, S. C., iv. 467.

Fort Ripley, Charleston, S. C., iv. 467.

Fort Sumter, five monitors open fire on, iv. 491; bombarded and reduced to a wreck, 493.

Fort Wagner, Charleston, S. C., iv. 467, 469, 490.

Fort Walker, on Hilton Head, Confederate fort at Port Royal, iv. 169.

Fortress Monroe, the _Monitor_ retires to, after the fight with the _Merrimac_, iv. 226.

_Forward_, American schooner, in attack on Alvarado, iii. 410.

_Forward_, filibuster craft, cut out by Lieutenant Brownson of the United States frigate _Mohican_, iv. 553.

Foster, Lieutenant-commander J. P., iv. 369.

Foster, General John G., Captain Flusser appeals to him to go and burn the Confederate ironclad _Albemarle_, iv. 454.

Fox, Augustus V., appointed assistant to Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy, iv. 35.

_Fox_, Captain W. H. Cocke, iii. 333.

Foxardo affair, the unfortunate, iii. 337, 338.

France, United States Government abrogates all treaties with, July 7, 1798, i. 314.

_Francis B. Ogden_, Ericsson’s model boat, attains speed of ten miles an hour, iv. 10; Captain Stockton makes a trip on, _ib._

Franklin sails for France on the _Reprisal_, i. 114.

Franklin, Sir John, American expedition sent to search for the remains of, iii. 464.

_Franklin_, American schooner, captures ten vessels and Governor Wright of St. John’s, i. 203; captures a quantity of war supplies, _ib._

_Freeborn_, Federal steamer, at Acquia Creek, iv. 81.

“Free trade” before “sailors’ rights,” the motto of Washington politicians in 1812, ii. 18.

_Freely_, Confederate privateer, iv. 93.

Frémont, John C. (“the Pathfinder”), takes possession of San Diego, iii. 394; commands in the Mississippi Valley, iv. 241.

French cruisers destroy American shipping, i. 314.

French troops enter Mexico, iv. 367.

_Friendship_, American ship, attacked and looted by natives of Sumatra, iii. 368.

_Frolic_, American sloop, built at Portsmouth, N. H., in 1814, iii. 64; Master-commandant Joseph Bainbridge appointed to, 65: sinks a Carthagenian privateer, _ib._; encounters the British frigate _Orpheus_ and schooner _Shelburne_, _ib._; surrenders, 66.

_Frolic_, British brig, encountered by the _Wasp_, ii. 106; captured by the _Wasp_, 107–112; comparison between the ships, 116; recaptured by the _Poictiers_, 118.

Frontier posts retained by England contrary to treaty, i. 383; posts used as Indian headquarters, _ib._

Fry, Captain Joseph, capture of, iv. 308; captured and executed by the Spaniards in the _Virginius_ expedition, _ib._

Fulton ferryboat _Somerset_ captures the blockade-runner _Circassian_ off Havana, iv. 37.

Fulton, naval plans of, iv. 3, 4; his first steam war-ship, the _Demologos_, 4; report of commissioners appointed to examine her, 7, 8; blown to pieces, 9.

_Fulton 2d_, launched in 1887, iv. 11.

Gadsden, Christopher, member of first Marine Committee, i. 36.

_Gaines_, Confederate gun-boat, iv. 380.

_Galatea_, British frigate, chased by the _Congress_ and _President_, ii. 151.

_Galena_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 389.

_Gallinipper_, American barge, captures a pirate schooner, iii. 335.

Galveston, Texas, blockaded by the _South Carolina_, iv. 44; bombarded by Captain James Alden of the Federal frigate _South Carolina_, 121; the foreign consuls protest against the bombardment, 123; captured by Farragut, 357; is retaken by the Confederates, _ib._

Gamble, Lieutenant Peter, killed in the battle of Lake Champlain, iii. 157.

_Gaspé_, captured by men armed with paving-stones, i. 9.

_Gazelle_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 370.

Geisinger, Midshipman David, placed in charge of the captured ship _Atlanta_, iii. 100.

_General Armstrong_, American privateer schooner, iii. 186; owned by New York men, _ib._; under Captain Tim Barnard captures nineteen prizes, 187; sails from New York under command of Captain Samuel C. Reid, _ib._; arrives at Fayal and encounters the _Carnation_, _Plantagenet_, and _Rota_, _ib._; is attacked by boats from the three ships, but beats them off, 189; scuttled and abandoned by her crew, 200.

_General Bragg_, Confederate gun-boat, rams the _Cincinnati_ at Fort Pillow, iv. 293; raked by the _Carondelet_, 294; surrenders, 302.

_General Monk_, British ship, attacked and captured by the _Hyder Ali_, i. 209–215.

_General Pike_, American ship, burned at the attack on Fort George, ii. 346.

_General Price_, Federal ram, in Porter’s fleet before Vicksburg, iv. 364.

_General Rusk_, Confederate steamer, blockaded in Galveston by the Federal frigate _Santee_, iv. 137.

_Georgiana_, British whaler, captured by Porter, iii. 8.

Gerdes, F. H., Federal coast surveyor at New Orleans, iv. 322.

German troops hired by England to fight in America, i. 32.

Ghent, terms and conditions of the treaty of, iii. 209.

Gherardi, Commander Bancroft, iv. 389.

_Gibraltar_, formerly the _Sumter_. See _Sumter_.

Gibraltar, duels between American and English officers at, iii. 311–313.

Gillis, Captain John P., iv. 99; of the _Seminole_ at Port Royal, 163.

_Glasgow_, British sloop-of-war, fight with Commodore Hopkins’s American squadron, i. 59.

_Globe_, American privateer, ii. 250.

“God Save the King,” American sailors on British ships compelled to bare their heads when played, i. 394, iii. 291.

Godon, Captain S. W., at Port Royal, iv. 163.

_Golden Rocket_, captured by the _Sumter_, iv. 410.

Goldsborough, Flag Officer L. M., in charge of expedition sent against Roanoke Island, iv. 109; in charge of a large fleet sent to ram the _Merrimac_, 235.

Gordon’s Landing, Red River, fort at, attacked by Ellet, iv. 352.

Gorringe, Master H. H., iv. 370.

_Governor_, Federal transport, sinks off Cape Hatteras, iv. 166.

_Governor Tompkins_, American privateer, ii. 253.

_Governor Tryon_, British sloop, attacked by and strikes to the American privateer _Thorn_, i. 209.

_Grampus_, American schooner, in fleet sent to punish pirates in South America, iii. 331; captures the _Pandrita_, 332.

Grand Gulf, Porter attacks fortifications of, and finds them evacuated, iv. 367; Grant makes it his base of supplies, _ib._

Grant, General Ulysses Simpson, attempts to dislodge Confederates below Cairo, iv. 251; attacks the Confederates at Belmont, 251, 252; proceeds up the Tennessee, to attack Fort Henry, 255; muddy roads prevents his taking part in the capture of the fort, 266; at Fort Donelson, 268; Captain Walker diverts the Confederates’ attention from him, 271; Confederates surrender to him, 272; fight with Confederates at Pittsburg Landing, 284; arrives before Vicksburg, 351; goes to New Carthage to surround Vicksburg, 363; makes Grand Gulf his base of supplies, 367.

_Granville_, French privateer, in the fleet of Paul Jones, i. 234.

Graves, Admiral, destroys Portland, Maine, i. 24–26.

Grease as a protection on armor-plated ships, iv. 10.

Great Britain, sea-power of, in 1812, ii. 22; European nations dread the power of, 23.

Greene, Lieutenant Charles H., iv. 386.

Greene, Captain P. B., blockaded in Bahia Harbor, ii. 179; refuses Lawrence’s challenge, _ib._; cowardice of, 180; rescued by the _Montagu_, _ib._

Greene, Lieutenant S. D., executive officer of the _Monitor_, iv. 216; takes charge of the guns in the turret, 219, 220; takes command after Worden is disabled, 226; his statement, 229, 230; orders regarding the _Merrimac_, 235.

Greenpoint, Brooklyn, N. Y., the _Monitor_ constructed at, iv. 192.

_Greenwich_, British letter-of-marque whaler, captured by Porter, iii. 9.

Greer, Lieutenant-commander James A., before Vicksburg, iv. 363, 369.

_Greyhound_, Captain John Porter, iii. 333.

_Growler_, American schooner, captured by the British, ii. 351; recaptured by the Americans, 351.

_Growler_, American sloop, in Macdonough’s squadron, ii. 354; grounded in the Sorel River, 355.

_Growler_, American sloop, iii. 135, 138.

_Guanabara_, Brazilian rebel warship at Rio Janeiro, iv. 548; fired on by the United States cruiser _Detroit_, 553.

_Guerrière_, American frigate, built in 1814, iii. 64; Decatur’s flagship in expedition sent against the Dey of Algiers, 346, 347.

_Guerrière_, British frigate, picking sailors from American ships, ii. 6; flees from an inferior force, 7; stops the _Spitfire_, and takes off John Deguyo, an American citizen, _ib._; race with the _Constitution_, 55; Captain Dacres in charge of, 55–60; fight with the _Constitution_, 76–95; surrendered and blown up, 95.

Gun-boats, the ideal navy, ii. 388; description and build of, 389; arguments in favor of, 390; cheapness of, 392; points against, _ib._; cost of, 393; difficulty of getting unanimity of captains in battle, 394; lack of discipline on gun-boats, _ib._; use of, in Long Island Sound, 395; first encounter with gun-boats, _ib._; uselessness again shown, 416.

Gunners of 1812 and 1861 compared, iv. 419.

Gunpowder, expedients for getting, by the United Colonies, i. 28.

Guns, penetrating power of long and short, iii. 142; improvements made in, iv. 18–23.

Gwin, Lieutenant, supports Grant at Pittsburg Landing, iv. 284.

Hacker, Captain Hoysted, i. 79, 282, 283.

Haggerty, Captain F. L., at Port Royal, iv. 163.

_Halifax_, British war-ship, i. 406, 407.

Hallock, Captain William, i. 66.

Hambleton, Purser on the _Lawrence_ in the battle of Lake Erie, ii. 317.

_Hamilton_, American schooner, ii. 350.

Hamilton, Schuyler, suggests cutting through the trees of swamp from the Mississippi to New Madrid, iv. 281.

Hampton Roads, the first point blockaded in the Civil War, iv. 40; _Keystone State_ blockades, 45.

Hanchett, Captain, ii. 398.

Handy, Captain Robert, misunderstands signals, iv. 133, 134; letter to Captain Pope, showing his fear of the _Manassas_, 136.

_Hannah_, a Providence packet, chased by the _Gaspé_, i. 5.

Harding, Captain Seth, surrenders to the _Orpheus_ and _Roebuck_, i. 298.

_Harriet Lane_, American revenue cutter, used as a war-ship, iv. 42; Captain John Faunce, 99.

_Harriet Lane_, Federal frigate, captured in the Gulf of Mexico, iv. 357.

Harrison, Lieutenant Napoleon B., iv. 314.

_Hartford_, United States screw sloop, built, iv. 16; flagship of Captain Farragut, 314; set on fire by Confederate fire-raft, 329; passes the batteries at Port Hudson, 358; flagship of Rear-admiral Farragut, 386.

Hatteras, Cape, battle between the _Wasp_ and the _Frolic_ in the tail of a gale off, ii. 107.

Hatteras, Fort, captured by Federal forces, iv. 106; the first Union victory in the War of Secession, _ib._

Hatteras hurricane, a fleet of transports in a, iv. 166.

Hatteras Inlet, N. C., resort of the “Hatteras Pirates,” iv. 97.

_Hatteras_, merchant-steamer, captured and sunk by the _Alabama_ at Galveston, iv. 432.

_Hawke_, American tender, captured by British off Long Island, i. 56.

Hawkins, Captain Richard, refuses to fight the _Essex_, ii. 39–41; branded as a coward, 40.

Haymakers, Machias, attack of the, on the _Margaretta_, i. 21.

Haymakers and wood-choppers as Yankee seamen, iii. 82, 83, 86, 90, 95.

_Hazard_, American privateer, captured the British brig _Active_, i. 206.

Hazard, Captain, in the first naval battle of the Revolution, i. 57.

_Hebrus_, British frigate, ii. 420.

_Hector_, British letter-of-marque ship, captured by Lieutenant Downes, iii. 10.

Heddart, Captain Francis, extracts from his account of the _Serapis_-_Bonhomme Richard_ battle, i. 245, 257.

Henley, Midshipman John D., assists in the attack on the city of Tripoli, i. 366.

_Henry Clay_, Federal army transport, in Porter’s fleet before Vicksburg, iv. 364; catches fire and sinks, _ib._

Hewes, Joseph, member of first Marine Committee, i. 36.

_Hibernia_, British transport, captured by Captain Hopkins, i. 281.

Hickman, on the Mississippi, evacuated by the Confederates, iv. 275.

_Highflyer_, British schooner, Captain Rodgers succeeds in getting private signals from, ii. 23, 358.

Hillyar, Captain James, in the harbor of Valparaiso, iii. 25; attempts to attack the _Essex_, but is scared off, 26; attacks the _Essex_ in company with the _Cherub_, 30–43; criticism on handling his ship, 46.

Hilton Head. See _Fort Walker_.

Hinman, Captain Elisha, i. 66; sent to France for army supplies, 130; his ship captured by the British, 133.

Hislop, Lieutenant-general, Governor of Bombay, on board the _Java_ in her fight with the _Constitution_, ii. 168; Captain Bainbridge’s curious dream of, 172, 173.

Hoel, Lieutenant W. R., iv. 363, 370.

Hoffman, Lieutenant B. V., sent to take charge of the _Cyane_ when she surrendered, iii. 252.

Hoke, General, advances on Plymouth, N. C., and captures it, iv. 455, 456.

Holdup, Thomas, in the battle of Lake Erie, chases and captures the _Chippewa_ and _Little Belt_, ii. 326.

_Holland_, torpedo boat, launching of, iv. 543.

Holland, John P., inventor of submarine torpedo boats, iv. 542.

Honor, American Medal of, origin of, iv. 111.

Hope, Lieutenant David, horrible cruelty of, to sailors, i. 389; wounded on the _Macedonian_, ii. 140; his report on gunnery practice, 143.

Hopkins, Esek, Commander-in-chief of first American fleet, i. 42; career of, 48; dismissed from the service, 61; dies near Providence, R. I., _ib._

Hopkins, Captain John Burrows, in command of the _Cabot_, i. 57.

Hopkins, Commodore Robert, receives his appointment through influence of John Adams, i. 49; sent to Chesapeake Bay in search of Lord Dunmore, 53; goes to the Bahamas instead and attacks the British there, _ib._

Hopkins, Stephen, member of first Marine Committee, i. 36.

_Hornet_, sloop of first American Navy, i. 40.

_Hornet_, American sloop-of-war, blockades the British warship _Bonne Citoyenne_ in Bahia Harbor, ii. 179; raises the blockade on the approach of the _Montagu_, 180; captures the _Resolution_, 181; falls in with the _Peacock_, _ib._; fight with the _Peacock_, 182–184; encounters the _Penguin_, iii. 273; the _Penguin_ surrenders, 274–280; the _Hornet_ chased by the _Cornwallis_, but escapes, 282–284; Captain Robert Henley appointed to command, 330; detailed to South America to destroy pirates, 331.

Horses, wild, as weapons of offence, iii. 401.

_Housatonic_, Federal war-ship, attacked by the Confederate ironclad _Palmetto State_, iv. 474.

Howard, Lieutenant Samuel, iv. 370.

Howe, Captain Tyringham, i. 59.

Huger, Captain Thomas B., at New Orleans, iv. 321; mortally wounded, 332.

Hull, Lieutenant Isaac, cuts the privateer _Sandwich_ out of Puerto Plata, i. 329; tricky conduct of the officers of two British frigates to, ii. 15; the frigates turn and retreat, 16; his opinion of the crew of the _Constitution_, 52; his escape from a British squadron, after standing at his post for two days, 53–69; race with the _Guerrière_, 55; fight with and capture of the _Guerrière_, 76–95; reception on returning to Boston, 101; Congress votes a gold medal to, 103.

Humphreys, Joshua, American ship-builder, statement of, in regard to new ships, i. 311; his theories accepted, 312.

Hunt, William H., Secretary of the Navy, appoints a board of naval officers, with Rear-admiral Rodgers at its head, iv. 527.

_Hunter_, American ship, captured by the _Peacock_, ii. 191; taken in charge by the _Hornet_, _ib._

_Hunter_, British ship, attacked by privateers, i. 200.

_Hunter_, British brig, in battle of Lake Erie, ii. 296.

_Hussar_, Austrian war-ship, Martin Koszta, an American citizen taken and detained on, iii. 385; on demand of Captain Ingraham of the _St. Louis_ is given up, _ib._

Hutter, Midshipman, killed while assisting the Union wounded out of the _Congress_, iv. 209.

_Hyder Ali_, American privateer, Captain Joshua Barney, attacks and captures the _General Monk_, i. 212–215.

_Illinois_, United States battle-ship, iv. 534, 536.

Impressment, feeling of American seamen regarding the practice of, ii. 18.

_Independence_, American privateer, Commander Thomas Truxton, cuts out three big ships from the British fleet, i. 205.

_Indian Chief_, Confederate ship, iv. 499.

_Indiana_, United States battle-ship, iv. 534.

_Indianola_, Federal armored gun-boat, in attack on Port Hudson, iv. 352; captured and sunk by the Confederates, _ib._

Indians, friendship of, cultivated by England to injure United States, i. 383; incited by British to attack pioneers, _ib._

Ingraham, Captain Duncan Nathaniel, demands the surrender of Martin Koszta, an American citizen detained on the Austrian war-ship _Hussar_, iii. 385; medal presented to him by Congress, 386.

Inland navy an imperative necessity to reach the heart of the Confederacy, iv. 241.

Inman, Lieutenant William, chases and captures a pirate schooner, iii. 335.

_Insurgent_, French frigate, Captain Barreaut, captures the American ship _Retaliation_, i. 316; battle with the _Constellation_, 320–322; surrenders, 321; lost at sea, 330.

International law, a question of violation of, iv. 160.

_Intrepid_, formerly the _Mastico_, used as a fire-ship at the attack on Tripoli, i. 371; explodes, 378.

_Investigator_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by Confederate cruiser _Sumter_, iv. 415.

_Iowa_, United States battle-ship, iv. 534, 536.

Ironclad warfare, superior activity of the Confederates in preparing for, iv. 184.

Ironclads, the Confederate Government the first to construct, iv. 185; the _Merrimac_ launched, 188; Congress makes appropriation for construction of, 190; dilatory action of Naval Board in making contracts for, 191; first battle between, 220.

_Iroquois_, United States screw sloop, built, iv. 16.

_Iroquois_, Federal screw corvette, iv. 314.

Irving, Washington, on Perry’s victory on Lake Erie, ii. 338.

_Isaac Smith_, Federal war-ship, in the Port Royal fleet, iv. 164.

Island No. 10, strongly fortified by the Confederates, iv. 275; Foote’s flotilla arrives in front of, 276; capture of, delayed two weeks by Foote, 281; Captain Walke successfully runs the gauntlet of batteries on, 282, 283; the island captured, 283, 289; has disappeared under action of the current, 284.

Isle-aux-Noix, British fort at, iii. 136, 139.

Isle St. Mary, Paul Jones lands on and surrounds the house of the Earl of Selkirk, i. 147, 148.

_Itasca_, Federal screw gun-boat, iv. 314; breaks down barriers placed across the Mississippi, 323; Lieutenant-commander George Brown, 389.

_Ivy_, Confederate gun-boat, iv. 127.

James, Reuben, seaman, saves Decatur’s life, i. 364.

_James Adger_, American cruiser, captures the _Emily St. Pierre_, iv. 58; the latter recaptured, _ib._

_Jamestown_, Confederate warship, captures several prizes in sight of the _Monitor_, iv. 235.

Japan, condition of, in the sixteenth century, iii. 438; experience with Christianity, _ib._; Dutch trading at Nagasaki, _ib._; introduction of Western civilization by the American fleet, 439; Commodore M. C. Perry’s work in opening the ports of Japan, _ib._; appointed to the Japan mission, 443; Commodore Perry’s exhibition of power and dignity wins the respect of, 444.

_Jason_, British transport, captured by Captain Hopkins, i. 281.

_Java_, British frigate, fight with the _Constitution_ off the coast of Brazil, 155–173; poor gunnery of, 157; a complete wreck in sixty-five minutes, 162; losses of, 169.

_Jefferson_, American brig, iii. 113.

_Jefferson Davis_, Confederate privateer, captures the _John Welsh_, _Enchantress_, _S. J. Waring_, iv. 91; _Mary Goodell_ and _Mary E. Thompson_, 92; runs aground at St. Augustine and is lost, 93.

Jenkins, Captain Thornton A., iv. 386.

_Jersey_, the notorious prison-ship, sketch of, i. 221–226.

_John Adams_, Perry’s flagship on his cruise to South America, iii. 327.

_John Welsh_, merchant-brig, captured by Confederate privateer _Jefferson Davis_, iv. 91.

Johnson, Captain Henry, in charge of brig _Lexington_, sent to Europe, i. 117.

Johnson, Captain J. D., succeeds Admiral Buchanan on the _Tennessee_, iv. 402; surrenders his ship to Captain Le Roy, of the Federal steamer _Ossipee_, 403.

Jones, Captain Jacob, encounters the _Frolic_ in a gale, ii. 106; captures the _Frolic_, 107–117; surrenders the _Wasp_ and the _Frolic_ to the frigate _Poictiers_, 118, 119; rewarded with a gold medal from Congress, 119; given command of the frigate _Macedonian_, 119, 143.

_Jones_, American brig, iii. 113.

Jones, John Paul, first independent command of, i. 64; promoted to rank of captain, 73; fight with the _Solebay_, 73–76; outsails the British frigate _Milford_, 77; sails into Canso Harbor, _ib._; in Newport Harbor, 78; in command of flagship _Alfred_, 79; passes through British squadron off Block Island, _ib._; captures brig _Mellish_, _ib._; encounters and captures coal fleet in Canso Harbor, 80; captures a British privateer, _ib._; chased by the _Milford_, _ib._; arrives in Boston, 82; ordered back to the brig _Providence_, 83; bad treatment of, by Congress, _ib._; appointed to the gun-ship _Ranger_, 134; sails to Nantes, 135; reaches Quiberon Bay, 137; sails from Brest to England, 138; scuttles a merchant-brig, _ib._; seizes the _Lord Chatham_, _ib._; sails to Whitehaven, _ib._; attempts to capture the _Drake_, 140; descends on Whitehaven, 141; his crew takes an earl’s silver, 142; attacks the house of the Earl of Selkirk, 147; returns the silver taken by his crew, 151, 152; second and successful attempt to capture the _Drake_, 152; generosity of, 155; fought for honor, 158; inactivity of, in France, 228; fits out the _Bonhomme Richard_, 229; Congress arranges to give him a fleet, 232; the _Alliance_, _Pallas_, and _Vengeance_ put under his command, 232; trouble with Captain Landais of the _Alliance_, 234; his fleet sails from L’Orient augmented by the _Monsieur_ and _Granville_, _ib._; captures a brigantine, 235; Landais refuses to attend a council of officers, 237; proposes to attack Leith, _ib._; delay and a windstorm prevent his landing, 240; meets a fleet of merchantmen off Flamborough Head, 243; the _Serapis_ bears down to meet him, _ib._; attacks the _Serapis_, 245; fight with the _Serapis_, 247–259; character of, 265; his account of events after the surrender, 269–272; arrives at Texel, followed by a British squadron, 273; flight of, 275; made a hero of, at Paris, _ib._; sails to America in the _Ariel_, 277; honors on his arrival, _ib._; denounced as a pirate by the British Government, _ib._; misrepresented by English writers, _ib._; his pride in being an American, 278.

Jones, Lieutenant Thomas ap Catesby, with a small flotilla, opposes the British fleet at New Orleans, iii. 232–238; he is cut down and his small force eventually surrenders, 236, 237; sent in command of a squadron to the Pacific coast, 388; strikes the first blow in the Mexican War, 390; lands at and takes possession of Monterey, _ib._; surrenders the town, _ib._; appointed chief officer on the Confederate ironclad _Merrimac_, iv. 188; takes command after Captain Buchanan is wounded, 209; returns with the _Merrimac_ to Sewell’s Point, 213.

_Joseph_, British ship, captured by the _Surprise_, i. 124.

_Joseph H. Toone_, Federal schooner, iv. 129.

_Joseph Maxwell_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by Confederate cruiser _Sumter_, iv. 415.

_Joseph Parke_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by Confederate cruiser _Sumter_, iv. 415.

Jouett, Lieutenant James E., cuts out the _Royal Yacht_ from Galveston Harbor, iv. 138, 139; Lieutenant-commander of the _Metacomet_, 386.

_Judah_, Confederate privateer schooner, destroyed at Fort Pickens, iv. 120.

_Julia_, American schooner, ii. 268; captured by the British, 351.

_Junon_, British frigate, becalmed in Hampton Roads, attacked by gun-boats, ii. 395; chases the _Constitution_ off Cape Ann, iii. 244.

_J. W. Hewes_, merchant-ship, captured by Confederate privateers, iv. 97.

_Katahdin_, Federal screw gun-boat, iv. 315.

Kearny, Sailing-master Lawrence, attacks a party from the frigate _Hebrus_, ii. 420; captures the tender of the frigate _Severn_, 421.

Kearny, Brigadier-general Stephen W., goes to the assistance of Commodore Stockton in Mexico, iii. 398; is repulsed and wounded, _ib._; marches to San Diego, _ib._

_Kearsarge_, American sloop-of-war, built, iv. 38.

_Kearsarge_, Federal armored frigate, meets the _Alabama_ in Cherbourg Harbor, France, iv. 436; comparison of their armament, 437; description of the fight, 438–441; the best gunnery of the Civil War, 441.

_Kearsarge_ (new), United States battle-ship, iv. 534, 536.

Kedge anchor, use of, on the _Essex_, ii. 49.

Kedging, method of, described, ii. 58.

_Kennebec_, Federal screw gun-boat, iv. 314; Lieutenant-commander William P. McCann, 389.

Kennon, Captain Beverley, at New Orleans, iv. 321; attacks the _Varuna_, 334; surrenders, 335.

Kentucky, western, railroad communication with the East cut off from, iv. 267.

_Keokuk_, Federal monitor, at Charleston, iv. 483, 485.

Kerr, Captain Robert, attacks the _Constitution_ at Porto Prayo, iii. 260.

_Keystone State_, armed merchantman, attacked by the Confederate ironclad _Palmetto State_, iv. 474.

Kidnapped sailors ill-fed and poorly paid on British ships, i. 387.

Kilty, Captain A. H., before Fort Pillow, iv. 289; aids the _Cincinnati_, 294.

_Kines_, Federal screw gun-boat, iv. 315, 358.

Kingston, Canada, chief naval and military post in 1812, ii. 265; Commodore Chauncey attacks, 270.

Kirkcaldy, Scotland, anecdote of the parson of, on the approach of Paul Jones’s squadron, i. 238.

Koszta, Martin, an American citizen, taken by the Austrian authorities on board the war-ship _Hussar_, iii. 385.

_Lackawanna_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 389.

_Lady Gore_, British schooner, captured by Chauncey at Lake George, ii. 353.

_Lady Prevost_, British war-vessel, fired and destroyed by the Americans, ii. 279.

Lafayette, carried back to France in the _Alliance_, i. 232; narrowly escapes capture, _ib._

_Lafayette_, Federal gun-boat, in Porter’s fleet surrounding Vicksburg, iv. 363; Lieutenant-commander J. P. Foster, 369.

Lake Erie, the battle of, ii. 309–325.

Lamb, Colonel William, commander of Fort Fisher, iv. 507.

Lambert, Captain Henry, surrenders to Captain Bainbridge of the _Constitution_, ii. 155–173; his attempt to board the _Constitution_, 158; mortally wounded, 165; Captain Bainbridge returns his sword, 172.

Lambert, Jonathan, proprietor of the island of Tristan d’Acunha, a breeding resort for seals in the South Atlantic, iii. 270.

_Lancaster_, United States screw sloop, built, iv. 16.

_Lancaster_, Federal ram, sunk below Port Hudson, iv. 358.

Landais, Captain Pierre, placed in command of the _Alliance_ by Congress, i. 232; mutinous conduct of, 234; fouls the _Alliance_ with the _Bonhomme Richard_, _ib._; insolence of, 235; captures a valuable prize, 236; refuses to attend a council of officers, 237; jealousy of, 241; further insubordination of, 244; fires into the _Bonhomme Richard_, 254; treachery of, 267; dismissed and settles in New York City, _ib._

Langdon, John, member of first Marine Committee, i. 36.

Langthorne, Lieutenant A. R., iv. 370.

_La Pique_, British frigate, encounters the _Constitution_ off Porto Rico, iii. 242.

Lardner, Captain J. L., commands the _Susquehanna_ at Port Royal, iv. 163.

Laugharne, Captain Thomas L. P., surrenders to Porter, ii. 42.

Laurens, Henry, American Ambassador to Holland, is removed from the _Mercury_ by the Captain of the British ship _Vestal_, and taken to St. Johns, Newfoundland, iv. 153; taken to England and imprisoned in the Tower of London, 154; exchanged for Lord Cornwallis, _ib._; his case parallel to the _Trent_ affair, _ib._

_Lurestinus_, British frigate, ii. 395.

Law, Lieutenant of British marines, fires at Lawrence and wounds him, ii. 213.

_Lawrence_, American brig, flagship of Commodore Perry, ii. 290; in the battle of Lake Erie, 317; Perry shifts his flag to the _Niagara_, 321; sunk in Little Bay, 337.

Lawrence, Captain James, Midshipman on the _Constitution_, i. 348; Captain of the _Hornet_, 403; blockades the British warship _Bonne Citoyenne_ in Bahia Harbor, ii. 179; challenges Captain Greene, _ib._; compelled to raise the blockade, 180; recaptures the _William_, 181; captures the _Resolution_, _ib._; is chased by the _Peacock_, 182; the _Peacock_ is beaten, 183; Lawrence fits his ship for another fight, 190; chases the _Espiègle_, _ib._; put all hands on half rations and squares away for home, 191; promoted to command the _Chesapeake_, 192; sails out of Boston to meet the _Shannon_, 197; has difficulty in getting a crew, 199; is challenged by Captain Broke of the _Shannon_, 203; sails out to meet the enemy, 204; addresses his crew, 205; mutinous spirit of his men, 206; displays great skill in handling his ship, _ib._; the _Chesapeake_ is damaged and begins to drift, 213; Lawrence shot, _ib._; dies, 221; interred in Trinity Churchyard, 225.

Lay, John L., devises a torpedo boat, iv. 458; used by Lieutenant Cushing to destroy the _Albemarle_, 459–461.

_Leander_ affair, the, i. 403, 404; Captain Whitby court-martialed, 405.

Lear, Tobias, American Consul-general at Algiers 1812, iii. 340.

_Lee_, American galley, i. 89.

_Lee_, American schooner, i. 30, 197; assists in capturing a British troop-ship, 203.

Lee, Captain F. D., Chief of Confederate torpedo corps, iv. 497.

Lee, Richard Henry, member of first Marine Committee, i. 36.

Lee, Rear-admiral S. Phillips, iv. 314; in command of the Albemarle Station, 454.

_Leopard_ and _Chesapeake_, affair of the, i. 40.

Le Roy, Commander William E., iv. 389.

Letter of marque and a privateer, difference between, iii. 242.

_Levant_, British sloop-of-war, chased by the _Constitution_, iii. 247; surrenders, 255.

Lewis, Captain Jacob, made Commodore of the American fleet in New York Harbor, ii. 394.

_Lexington_, American brig, i. 63; captured by British frigate _Pearl_, 66; escapes, 68; sent to Europe under Captain Johnson, 117; captured by the cutter _Alert_, 119, 120; fate of the crew of, 121, 122.

_Lexington_, merchant-vessel, purchased by Commander Rodgers for use in Federal Navy, iv. 241; Captain Stembel appointed to command, 251.

_Lexington_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 369.

Lexington, battle of, i. 14.

Lincoln’s proclamation blockading the Southern ports, iv. 28–30.

_Linnet_, British brig, at the battle of Lake Champlain, iii. 138, 142, 166; surrenders, _ib._

Linzee, Captain, chased by the _Gaspé_, i. 5.

Little, Captain John, fights and captures the _Berceau_, i. 328.

_Little Belt_, British corvette, fires on the American frigate _President_, ii. 10; in battle of Lake Erie, 297.

Little Falls, N. Y., Indian and Dutch traders at, ii. 263.

_Little Rebel_, sunk by the Federals at Fort Pillow, iv. 302.

Livermore, Parson Samuel, ii. 214.

_Livingston_, Confederate gun-boat, iv. 127.

Lloyd, Captain Robert, assists in the attack on the _General Armstrong_, iii. 194.

Lockyer, Captain, attacks Lieutenant Catesby Jones at New Orleans, iii. 235.

Lomax, Colonel, captures the Pensacola Navy Yard, iv. 112.

_Lord Nelson_, British merchantman, captured by the _Oneida_, ii. 265.

Los Angeles, Cal., captured from the Mexicans by Commodore Stockton, iii. 397; recaptured, _ib._; retaken by the Americans, 401.

_Lottery_, American ship, captured, iii. 204.

_Louisa Beaton_, American brigantine, engaged in the African slave traffic, iii. 364.

_Louisa Hatch_, captured by the _Alabama_, iv. 427.

_Louisa Kilham_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by Confederate cruiser _Sumter_, iv. 415.

_Louisiana_, American schooner, in the attack on New Orleans, iii. 240; used as a powder-boat to blow up Fort Fisher, iv. 510.

_Louisville_, armor-plated Federal gun-boat, built by Eads, iv. 245; disabled, 271; in Porter’s fleet before Vicksburg, 363, 369.

_Lowell_, Confederate ship, sunk at Fort Pillow, iv. 301.

Lowry, Captain R. R., iv. 100.

_Loyal Convert_, British vessel, i. 90.

Ludlow, Lieutenant Augustus C., strives to get the crew in place, ii. 206; mortally wounded, 210; interred in Trinity Churchyard, 225.

_Ludlow_, American gun-boat, iii. 141.

Lynch, Confederate Commodore W. F., at Roanoke Island, iv. 109.

Lyons, Lord, British Minister to Washington, his instructions relative to the _Trent_ affair, iv. 150–153.

McCall, Lieutenant Edward Rutley, in the _Boxer_ fight, ii. 376; takes command after Captain Burrows is disabled, 378; the _Boxer_ surrenders to him, 379.

McCann, Lieutenant William P., iv. 389.

McCauley, Commodore, disloyal conduct of, at the Norfolk Navy Yard, iv. 72–74.

_McClellan_, Federal transport, iv. 135.

McDonald, Lieutenant James, succeeds Captain Dickenson in command, iii. 276; surrenders to Captain Biddle, 276–278.

Macdonough, Captain Thomas, i. 348; in the attack on the city of Tripoli, 361; sends the _Growler_ and _Eagle_ in pursuit of British gun-boats, iii. 136; repairs to Vergennes, Vt., _ib._; in command of a squadron, 144, 145; his careful preparations, 147–150; his squadron assembled, 152; an interested audience, _ib._; the battle opened with a prayer, 154; a sporting rooster, 155; Macdonough is knocked senseless, 161; he cleverly winds his ship, 164; wins the battle of Lake Champlain, 166; casualties and losses of, in the battle, 174; anecdote of, 179–181; the Legislature of New York donates him land, 182; the Legislature of Vermont presents him with a farm, _ib._; he is promoted, 183; his victory served to bring the war to a close, 184.

_Macedonian_, British frigate, cruelty and flogging of sailors on, i. 389; encounters the frigate _United States_, ii. 124; battle with, 125–134; a horrible scene of carnage, 134; the crew breaks into the spirits-room, 136, 137; American seamen found on board, 137, 138; losses among the crew, 139; the forces of the two ships, 140; taken to New York, 148; fitted for sea in the American service, 150.

_Machias_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by Confederate cruiser _Sumter_, iv. 415.

Machias haymakers, attack of the, on the _Margaretta_, i. 21.

_McLane_, American steamer, grounded before Alvarado, Mexico, iii. 410.

Macomb, Major-general Alexander, opposed to Sir George Prevost at Plattsburg, iii. 147, 169.

_McRae_, Confederate gun-boat, iv. 17.

_McRae_, Confederate cotton-clad steamer, iv. 321; fight with the Federal steamer _Iroquois_, 332.

Madame Island, Paul Jones captured British vessels at, i. 78.

_Madison_, American privateer, ii. 245.

_Madison_, the flagship of Commodore Chauncey, ii. 341.

Madison, President, lack of an American Navy discreditable to the Administration of, ii. 26.

Maffitt, Captain John Newland, authority on construction of fortifications, iv. 170; appointed to command of Confederate cruiser _Florida_, 418; goes to Havana and Mobile to get a crew, _ib._; his ship fired at by Captain Preble, of the _Winona_, 419; is blockaded, but escapes, 423; goes to Nassau, _ib._; cruises between New York and Brazil, 424; overhauls his ship, _ib._; he is relieved by Captain Morris, _ib._

_Magnet_, British brig, iii. 128.

Mahan, Captain A. T., fortifications of Mobile described by, iv. 379–383.

Mahone, William, Southern politician, trickery of, iv. 74, 75.

_Maine_, United States cruiser, iv. 534.

Maitland, Captain, falls in with the _Constitution_, iii. 243; afraid to engage the _Constitution_, _ib._

_Majestic_, British cruiser, iv. 534, 535.

_Majestic_, British razee, assists in the capture of the _President_ off Long Island, iii. 216.

Malayans, teaching, to fear the American flag, iii. 373–379.

Malden, Captain Barclay, his rendezvous before the battle of Lake Erie, ii. 294.

Maley, Lieutenant William, i. 330.

_Manassas_, Confederate ram, formerly the _Enoch Train_, iv. 127; remodelled and put in charge of Lieutenant Alexander F. Warley, 128; strikes the _Richmond_ and causes a panic, 129–131; 321; attacks the _Brooklyn_, 332; sinks, 333.

_Manhattan_, Federal monitor, iv. 386.

Manly, Captain John, i. 30, 197; surrenders the _Hancock_, 185.

Manners, Captain William, fights the _Wasp_, iii. 85; severely wounded, 87; killed, 88.

Maples, Captain John F., goes in search of the sloop _Argus_, ii. 362; finds her by the light of the flames on a wine ship, 363; captures the sloop, 363–367; sends it by a prize crew to Plymouth, 371.

Marchand, Captain John B., iv. 389.

_Margaret and Jessie_, successful blockade-runner, iv. 63.

_Margaretta_, attack on the, by the Machias haymakers, i. 21.

_Maria_, British transport, captured by Captain Hopkins, i. 281.

_Maria_, Boston schooner, captured by Algerian pirates, i. 309.

Marine Committee of Congress, i. 158.

Marine Committee of United Colonies appointed, i. 36.

_Marquis de la Fayette_, French privateer, i. 297.

_Mars_, American privateer, fitted out by Captain Thomas Truxton, cruises in English Channel, and captures numerous prizes, i. 205.

_Mars_, English privateer, captured by the _Alliance_, i. 297.

Marston, Captain John, iv. 200.

_Martha_, American slave-ship, captured by Lieutenant Foote, iii. 364.

_Martin_, British sloop, grounds on Crow’s Shoal, ii. 401.

_Mary_, British schooner, captured by Chauncey at Lake George, ii. 353.

_Mary_, British brig, cut out and fired by the _Wasp_, iii. 92.

_Mary E. Thompson_, merchantman, captured by Confederate privateer _Jefferson Davis_, iv. 92.

_Mary Goodell_, merchantman, captured by Confederate privateer _Jefferson Davis_, iv. 92.

_Mashonda_, frigate of Rais Hammida, Algerian Admiral, iii. 345–347; captured by Captain Downes of the _Epervier_, 347.

Mason, James Murray, Confederate Commissioner to England, in company with John Slidell, sails in the blockade-runner _Theodora_, iv. 141; arrives at Cardenas, Cuba, and proceeds to Havana, _ib._; sails in the _Trent_ for St. Thomas, 143; is taken off the _Trent_ and carried into Boston, 147–149; he and Slidell are released, 156.

_Mastico_, Tripolitan ketch, captured by Decatur, i. 346; he sails in it to fire the _Philadelphia_, 348–356; its name changed to the _Intrepid_, 358. See _Intrepid_.

Mathews, Jack, an old man-of-war tar, on the ironclad _Essex_, gallant conduct of, iv. 261; death of, 265.

_Mattabesett_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 457.

Matterface, Lieutenant William, in the attack on the American ship _General Armstrong_, iii. 194.

_Maurepas_, Confederate gun-boat, iv. 127.

Mayo, W. R., his report of the assault on Fort Fisher, iv. 520.

Medicines excluded by blockade of Southern ports, iv. 56.

Mediterranean, second war with African pirates in the, iii. 339–358.

_Medway_, British liner, captures the _Siren_, iii. 79.

_Medway_, British frigate, with Farragut’s fleet at New Orleans, iv. 323.

_Melampus_, British war-ship, i. 406, 407.

_Mellish_, British brig, captured by Paul Jones, i. 79.

Memphis, battle of, iv. 298–307; railroad communication with, cut off, 266, 267.

_Memphis_, armed merchantman, attacked by the Confederate ironclad _Palmetto State_, iv. 474.

_Mercedita_, armed merchantman, attacked by the Confederate ironclad _Palmetto State_, iv. 474.

Mercer, Captain Samuel, iv. 99.

Merchants, British, sufferings by the American Revolution, i. 112, 113, 127.

_Mercury_, Dutch packet, Henry Laurens, Ambassador to Holland, sails on, iv. 153; the British frigate _Vestal_ overhauls her and takes Mr. Laurens from, _ib._

_Merrimac_, United States screw frigate, launched, iv. 15; the old frigate transformed into a floating fort, 186; reconstructed, 186–188;

## particulars of building, 187;

the best and heaviest guns placed on her, 188; her engines in bad condition, _ib._; named the _Virginia_, but not known in history by that name, 189; starts on a trial trip, 197; the _Congress_ and _Cumberland_ harmlessly open fire on her, 200; she rams the _Cumberland_, 202; opens fire on and silences the Federal batteries, 207; attacks the _Congress_, which surrenders, _ib._; comparison of her guns and armament with the _Monitor_, 217, 218; Captain Worden tries to find a vulnerable spot, 222; she runs aground twice, 223; tries to ram the _Monitor_, 224; attempts made to board the _Monitor_, 225; fires at the _Minnesota_, _ib._; steams back to Norfolk, 229; leak discovered, 230; the gunnery better than the _Monitor’s_, 232; the _Merrimac_ overhauled at Norfolk, 234; Commodore Tattnall relieves Buchanan in command, _ib._; Tattnall takes the _Merrimac_ down to Hampton Roads, _ib._; the _Monitor_ retreats from, 235; blown up on Craney Island, 237.

Mervine, Captain, attempts to march on Los Angeles, but is driven back, iii. 398.

_Metacomet_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 386.

Metsko Devantigers, Japanese reporters, iii. 455.

Mexican War, the navy’s part in the, iii. 424, 428, 429.

Mexico, Gulf of, naval operations in the, iii. 402–428; Farragut’s operations in the, iv. 357.

Mexico, French troops enter, iv. 367.

_Miami_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 454.

_Milford_, British frigate, encounter with Paul Jones, i. 77.

Miller, Captain Samuel, assists Commodore Barney with his marines, ii. 409, 410.

_Milwaukee_, Federal gun-boat, sunk by a torpedo, iv. 406.

_Minerva_, British frigate, Captain of, refuses to fight the _Essex_, and is branded as a coward, ii. 39–41.

_Minerva_, English privateer, captured by the _Alliance_, i. 297.

_Minneapolis_, United States cruiser, iv. 534.

_Minnesota_, United States frigate, compared with Arnold’s _Congress_, iv. 3.

_Minnesota_, American frigate, iv. 99.

Mississippi, the British grab at the Valley of the, iii. 229, 230.

_Mississippi_, Federal side-wheel steamer, iv. 314.

_Mississippi_, Federal gun-boat, goes aground in front of Port Hudson, is fired and abandoned, iv. 358.

Mississippi squadron transferred to the Navy Department, iv. 349; ships composing the, 245–249.

Mississippi River, blockade of the entrance to, iv. 124–126; opening of the, by Federal Navy, 240.

Mississippi, Valley of, the British plan to get possession of, iii. 229, 230.

Mississippi Valley, practically all Confederate territory till opened by the Federal Navy, iv. 240.

Mitchell, Lieutenant-commander J. G., iv. 369.

Mobile, Ala., Porter’s views on attack on, iv. 341.

Mobile, fortifications of, described by Mahan, iv. 379–383.

Mobile Bay, description of, iv. 377; Confederate defences of, ashore and afloat, 379.

_Mohawk_, United States screw sloop, built, iv. 16; Captain S. W. Godon, 163; rescues the crew of the _Peerless_, 167.

_Mohican_, United States frigate, cuts out the steamer _Forward_ on the coast of Mexico, iv. 553.

_Monarch_, Federal ram, in attack on Fort Pillow, iv. 301; attacks and sinks the _Beauregard_, 302.

_Monitor_, Federal ironclad, iv. 191; rapid work in constructing, 192;

## particulars of building, 192–194;

her passage to Hampton Roads, 215; commanded by Captain J. L. Worden, _ib._; comparison of armament with that of the _Merrimac_, 217, 218; the fight with the _Merrimac_, 220; superiority of the _Monitor’s_ revolving turret, 221; the _Merrimac_ tries to ram, 224, 225; her pilot-house struck and her captain disabled, 225; retires to Fortress Monroe, 226; her gunnery was poor, 231; the battle an unparalleled lesson in naval warfare, 233; letter from the crew to Captain Worden, 233, 234; bombards the batteries at Sewell’s Point, 235; ordered to Beaufort, N. C., 237; founders at sea in a gale, _ib._

Monitors, most efficient and safest style of coast-defence ships, iv. 194.

_Monongahela_, Federal gun-boat, passes the batteries of Port Hudson, iv. 358; Commander James H. Strong, 389.

Monroe, ----, Mayor of New Orleans, objects to surrendering the city to Farragut, iv. 338.

_Monsieur_, French privateer, in the fleet of Paul Jones, i. 234; captures a Holland ship, 235.

_Montagu_, British frigate, rescues the _Bonne Citoyenne_ from the _Hornet_, ii. 180.

_Montauk_, Federal monitor, shells and burns the Confederate ironclad _Nashville_, iv. 480.

Monterey, Cal., Captain Catesby Jones takes possession of, iii. 390; the American fleet under Captain Sloat take possession of, 392.

_Montezuma_, American ship, i. 316.

_Montezuma_, British whaler, captured by Porter, iii. 8.

_Montgomery_, American brig, fight with the _Surinam_, ii. 254.

Montgomery, Captain J. E., at Fort Pillow, iv. 290; retreats, 297.

Montgomery, John B., takes possession of settlement on San Francisco Bay, iii. 392.

_Monticello_, Federal frigate, iv. 99.

_Montmorency_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by Confederate cruiser _Sumter_, iv. 415.

Moore, Captain, i. 15; killed on the _Margaretta_, i. 22.

_Moore_, Confederate cotton-clad steamer, iv. 321; rams and sinks the _Varuna_, 334; fired by the _Cayuga_ and _Oneida_, _ib._

_Morgan_, Confederate gun-boat, iv. 380.

Morris, Captain Charles, wit of, in an emergency, ii. 58; shot through the body in the _Guerrière_ fight, 88; placed in command of the _Adams_, iii. 57; runs the blockade in the Chesapeake, 57, 58; he cruises on the coast of Africa, 58; goes in search of the Jamaica fleet, _ib._; sails to Newfoundland, thence to Ireland, and after taking a few prizes is chased by the _Tigris_, 59; again chased for forty hours, 59, 60; his crew attacked by scurvy, 60; his ship is driven on a rock, _ib._; attacked by a British fleet and compelled to burn his ship, 62; appointed to command of the _Florida_, iv. 424; during his absence on shore Captain Collins of the _Wachusett_ captures her and takes her to the United States, _ib._

Morris, Lieutenant George U., iv. 201; attacks the _Merrimac_, _ib._; his ship is rammed, 201, 202; refuses to surrender, 202–204; his gallantry commended, 204, 205.

Morris, Captain Henry W., iv. 314.

Morris Island, Charleston, iv. 467.

Morse, Jedidiah, his description of the South Carolina islands, iv. 31.

_Mosher_, unarmored Confederate boat, Captain Sherman commanding, iv. 321, 329; fired at and sunk by the _Hartford_, _ib._

_Mosquito_, American ship, chases and captures a pirate brig, iii. 335.

Mottoes, naval, on men-of-war, iii. 30.

_Mound City_, armor-plated Federal gun-boat, built by Eads, iv. 245; Captain A. H. Kilty commands, 289; rammed by the _Van Dorn_, 294; Confederate shell bursts her boiler, 307; in Porter’s fleet before Vicksburg, 363; Lieutenant A. R. Langthorne commands, 370.

Mowatt, Captain, attack of, on Portland, Maine, i. 24–26.

_Muckie_, bombarded and burned by the American frigate _Columbia_, iii. 376–378.

Mugford, Captain James, captures a transport with 1,500 barrels of powder, i. 203.

Mullany, Commander J. R. M., iv. 389.

Murphy, Lieutenant J. McLeod, iv. 363.

_Murray_, British gun-boat, iii. 143.

Murray, Captain Alexander, beats off two British gun-ships, i. 207.

Murray, Colonel J., with 1,000 British troops assaults Plattsburg and Saranac, ii. 355; burns the public stores at both places and then retreats, _ib._

_Nahant_, Federal ironclad, Commander John Downes, iv. 480; at Charleston, 485.

_Naiad_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by Confederate cruiser _Sumter_, 415.

_Nancy_, English merchantman, captured by the _Raleigh_ and _Alfred_, i. 130.

_Nancy_, British brigantine, captured by the _Lee_, i. 197–199.

_Nantucket_, Federal ironclad, iv. 480.

Napier on the character of the veterans sent to America, iii. 134.

Napoleon III., Emperor of France, his views in regard to Texas and Mexico modified by the surrender of New Orleans, iv. 340; tries to persuade Texas to secede from the Confederacy, 368.

_Narcissus_, British frigate, attacks the American schooner _Surveyor_, ii. 417.

Narragansett Indian impressed by the British, a, iii. 293.

_Nashville_, Confederate cruiser, blockaded in the Great Ogeechee River, iv. 479; attacked and burned by Captain Worden of the monitor _Montauk_, 480.

Natchez, Tenn., surrenders to Captain Craven of the _Brooklyn_, iv. 340.

National sea-power, curious chain of events that led to creation of, i. 1, 2.

_Nautilus_, American cruiser, in the attack on Tripoli, i. 374.

_Nautilus_, East India Company’s cruiser, surrenders to the _Peacock_, iii. 285.

Naval architecture, a point on, iii. 227.

Naval armament, means for furnishing United Colonies with, i. 35.

Naval calls, iii. 471.

Naval discipline, effect of, on raw recruits, iv. 250.

Naval forces of the United States compared with those of Great Britain in 1812, ii. 21–23.

Naval officers, old-time, life led by, iii. 305–307; American, work that they have had to do in out-of-the-way parts of the world in times of peace, 359–386; disloyalty of, at commencement of the Civil War, iv. 70.

Naval operations in the Gulf of Mexico, iii. 402–428.

Naval terms applied to war-ships, iii. 54.

Navy, British, in American waters, i. 195.

Navy, colonial, creation of a, i. 30.

Navy of the United Colonies, regulations of, i. 34.

Navy, the American, at the battle of New Orleans, iii. 229.

_Neapolitan_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by Confederate cruiser _Sumter_, iv. 415.

Neilds, Ensign H. C., heroic conduct of, iv. 394.

_Neosho_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 370.

_Nereyda_, Peruvian cruiser, captured the American whalers _Walker_ and _Barclay_, iii. 7; is dismantled by the _Essex_ and sent to the Viceroy of Peru, _ib._

_Netley_, British brig, iii. 111.

Neutral ports, violations of, iv. 427.

Neutrality laws observed by American naval officers, iii. 28, 29.

Neutrality, the law of, in open ports, iv. 44.

New Carthage, Grant crosses from, to surround Vicksburg, iv. 363.

_New Castle_, British frigate, attacks the _Constitution_, iii. 260.

_New Ironsides_, successful Federal ironclad, iv. 190, 480.

New Madrid, on Missouri River, captured by Pope, iv. 276.

New Orleans, British attack on, iii. 230; blockaded by the _Brooklyn_, iv. 44; attacked by Farragut’s squadron, 314–337; Farragut demands the surrender of the city, 338; General Butler takes possession of, 339.

New Providence taken by Commodore Hopkins, i. 56.

Newton, Isaac, first Assistant Engineer of the _Monitor_, iv. 216.

_New York_, United States cruiser, iv. 533.

_New Zealander_, British ship, captured by Porter, iii. 14.

_Niagara_, British merchantman, captured, ii. 265; Elliott’s ship in battle of Lake Erie, 292.

_Niagara_, American ship, Perry shifts his flag from the _Lawrence_ to, ii. 321; after the war is sunk in Little Bay, 337.

_Niagara_, United States screw frigate, launched, iv. 15.

Nichols, Lieutenant Edward T., iv. 315.

Nichols, Captain Samuel, first Captain of marines in American Navy, i. 53.

Nicholson, Captain James, i. 187.

Nicholson, Lieutenant John B., sent by Decatur to take charge of the _Macedonian_ when she surrendered, ii. 134; carries the _Epervier_ into Savannah after her fight with the _Peacock_, iii. 77; transferred to the _Siren_, _ib._; a story of sailors’ superstitions, 78, 79.

Nicholson, Commander J. W. A., iv. 386.

Nicholson, Captain Samuel, appointed to the American frigate _Constitution_, i. 312.

“Ninety-day fleet, the,” iv. 39.

_Nipsic_, United States cruiser, thrown ashore at Samoa, iv. 554.

Noah, Mordecai M., American Consul at Tunis, demands indemnity for seizure of the _Abellino_ prizes, iii. 355.

_Nocton_, British brig, captured by Porter, iii. 2; recaptured by the _Belvidera_, 3.

_Nonita_, American schooner, in attack on Alvarado, iii. 410.

_Nonsuch_, American frigate, in Perry’s cruise to South America, iii. 327; Perry makes it his flagship, _ib._; the crew infected with yellow fever, 329.

Norderling, Mr., Swedish Consul at Algiers in 1815, iii. 348.

_Norfolk_, American ship, i. 316.

Norfolk Navy Yard, loss of the, iv. 66–83.

North, Lord, despair of, on hearing of the surrender of Lord Cornwallis, i. 299.

Nukahiva, Marquesas Islands, Porter brings the _Essex_ and his fleet of captured whalers here to refit, iii. 16; a sailor’s paradise, 19; an incipient mutiny at, 21–23.

_Nymphe_, British frigate, chased by the _President_ and _Congress_, ii. 151.

Ocracoke Inlet, fort at, iv. 108.

_Octorara_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 386.

Ogdensburg, N. Y., British attack on, ii. 268.

“Old Glory” first hoisted, i. 135.

“Old Ironsides” (the _Constitution_), i. 312.

“Old Sow, The,” ii. 267.

Old-time naval officers, iii. 305–307.

_Old War Horse_, another name for the _Benton_, iv. 249.

Olney, Captain Joseph, i. 163.

“On to Canada,” the war-cry of 1812, ii. 20.

_Oneida_, American war-brig, ii. 264; captures the _Lord Nelson_, 265; Commodore Earle attempts to capture, 266.

_Oneida_, Federal screw corvette, iv. 314.

_Oneida_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 389.

_Ontario_, American sloop-of-war, sent against the Dey of Algiers in 1815, iii. 343.

Ontario, Lake, operations on, iii. 113–129.

Ordronaux, Captain J., attacked by the British frigate _Endymion_, iii. 202–207.

_Oreto_, Confederate cruiser. See _Florida_.

_Orpheus_, British frigate, captures the _Confederacy_, i. 298.

_Orpheus_, British frigate, with the _Sherburne_, attacks and captures the _Frolic_, iii. 65, 66.

_Osage_, Federal gun-boat, iv, 369; sunk by a torpedo, 406.

_Ossipee_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 389.

_Ottawa_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 163.

_Ottawa_, Federal war-ship, attacked ironclad _Palmetto State_, iv. 474.

Otter Creek, Vt., Macdonough fortifies, iii. 137.

_Ouachita_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 369.

Owen, Lieutenant-commander E. K., iv. 363, 369.

_Ozark_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 370.

Pacific coast, naval operations on the, in 1842, iii. 389–428.

Pakenham, Sir Edward Michael, in command of the British forces to attack New Orleans, reaches the Chandeleur Islands, iii. 230.

_Pallas_, American ship, i. 232; _Countess of Scarborough_ surrenders to, 267.

_Palmetto State_, Confederate ironclad, iv. 473; armament of, _ib._; attacks the _Mercedita_, 474; paroles her crew, 475.

_Palmira_, Porto Rico privateer, plunders American schooner _Coquette_, and is captured by the _Grampus_, iii. 332.

Pamlico Sound, N. C., a rendezvous for Confederate privateers, iv. 94.

_Pandrita_, pirate ship, captured by the _Grampus_, iii. 332.

Paper blockade, Navy Department tries to establish, iv. 41.

Parker, Captain John, at Lexington, i. 14.

Parker, Lieutenant, in the _Java_ fight, ii. 165.

Parker, Lieutenant George, dies at sea, iii. 78; a story of sailors’ superstition in connection with his death, 78, 79.

Parker, Lieutenant, the _Congress_ surrenders to, iv. 208.

Parsons, P. Usher, fleet surgeon in the battle of Lake Erie, ii. 294.

Pass à Loutre, Federal fleet retreat down the, iv. 137.

_Passaic_, Federal monitor, iv. 237, 480, 490.

_Patapsco_, Federal ironclad, iv. 480, 490.

Patterson, Master-commandant William T., attacks the British camp, iii. 239; sets fire to and abandons his ships, 240.

_Paul Jones_, American privateer, ii. 251.

Paulding, Captain Hiram, breaks up the nest of plotters against the Federal Government, iv. 71.

Paving-stones used as missiles to capture the _Gaspé_, i. 9.

_Pawnee_, Federal frigate, iv. 99, 163.

_Peabody_, Federal transport, iv. 100.

_Peacock_, American corvette, meets the brig-sloop _Epervier_, iii. 66; captures the sloop, 67–71; cruises, 78; attached to Decatur’s fleet, 271; captures prizes and the cruiser _Nautilus_, 285.

_Peacock_, British brig, encounters the American sloop _Hornet_, ii. 181; the battle, 183; her captain killed, _ib._; sinks, 184; good treatment of the officers and men by the Americans, 187; comparison of the ships, 190.

Peake, Captain William, attacks the _Hornet_, ii. 181; is killed, 183; proud of his ship, 190.

Pearce, Lieutenant John, iv. 370.

_Pearl_, British frigate, captures the _Lexington_, i. 68; the latter escapes, _ib._

Pearson, Captain Richard, encounters the _Bonhomme Richard_, i. 243, 245; surrenders, 259; anecdote of, 262–264; conduct of, 274; treated as if he had won a victory, 275.

Pechell, Captain Samuel John, in charge of expedition sent against Craney’s Island, ii. 398.

_Peerless_, Federal transport, lost near Cape Hatteras, iv. 167.

Peiho River, attack on Chinese forts in the, iii. 382.

_Pelican_, British frigate, goes in search of the American sloop _Argus_, ii. 362; attacks the _Argus_, 363, 364; captures the sloop, 364–367; takes her into Plymouth, 371.

_Pembina_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 163.

Pendergrast, American Flag Officer G. J., his proclamation, iv. 40.

Pendergrast, Lieutenant Austin, takes command of the _Congress_, iv. 208; surrenders to Lieutenant Parker of the _Beaufort_, _ib._; assists in transferring the wounded, 209; escapes by swimming, _ib._

_Penguin_, British brig-sloop, is beaten by the _Hornet_, iii. 273–281.

_Penguin_, Federal gun-boat, at Port Royal, iv. 171.

_Pensacola_, United States screw sloop, iv. 16; Captain Henry W. Morris, 314.

Pensacola Navy Yard surrendered to Confederates, iv. 112.

Perkins, Lieutenant-commander George H., iv. 386.

_Perry_, Federal brig, captures the _Savannah_, iv. 89.

Perry, Christopher Raymond, gallant conduct of, i. 296.

Perry, Commodore Matthew Calbraith, brother of Oliver H. Perry, sent against the Mexican port of Frontera, iii. 410; captures the Mexican fleet, _ib._; captures Tabasco, 413; conducts the operations during the siege of Vera Cruz, 424; his early services, 435; a Japanese poem dedicated to him, 437; his work in opening the ports of Japan, 439; appointed to the Japan mission, 443; anchors off Uraga, _ib._; reception by the Japanese, 444–447; difficulty in opening negotiations, 449, 450; the Japanese Governor accompanied by three reporters, 455; permission from the Emperor to receive the President’s message, _ib._; the Emperor grants all that is asked, 457–463; amusing features of the expedition, 463; assigned to the _Fulton 2d_, iv. 11; his opinion of her, _ib._

Perry, Oliver Hazard, in command of a fleet of gun-boats at Newport, R. I., in 1812, ii. 280; ordered to join Commodore Chauncey, 282; inspects the navy yard at Black Rock, 283; finds five ships being constructed at Erie, Pa., _ib._; hastens to Pittsburg for cannon-balls, 285; returns to Erie, 286; starts for Buffalo in a row-boat, _ib._; compels the British to abandon the Niagara River, 287; stricken with fever through overwork, 288; ordered to co-operate with General Harrison, _ib._; his appeal for men, 289; starts on an expedition with an inadequate force, _ib._; chooses the _Lawrence_ as his flagship, 290; gets his fleet in deep water, 291; cruises on Lake Erie, 292; is joined by officers and men from the _Constitution_, _ib._; sails up the lake to join General Harrison, 292; arrives at Put-in-Bay, 293; confers with General Harrison, 294; sickness, _ib._; his fleet anchors in Put-in-Bay, _ib._; sketch of Perry’s fleet, 295; sketch of Barclay’s fleet, 296; comparison of the commanders, 300; his thoughtfulness for his men, 305; the battle of Lake Erie commences, 309; closes in on the British, 311; loads and fires his own guns, 315; his flagship a wreck, 317; shifts his flag to the _Niagara_, 321; the decisive movement, 322; the British surrender, 324; “We have met the enemy and they are ours!”, 325; receives the swords of the British officers on the _Lawrence_, 328; his letter to the Secretary of the Navy, 332; results of his victory, 333; promoted from rank of master-commandant to captain, 334; his praise of Lieutenant Elliott, 336; value of ships captured in the battle, 337; his squadron at Erie, _ib._; Washington Irving’s opinion of the victory, 338; his duel with Captain Heath, iii. 317; detailed to cruise in South American waters, 327; sails up the Orinoco, _ib._; demands compensation for American vessels, 329; contracts yellow fever, _ib._; dies while entering the Port of Spain, Trinidad Island, 330; buried at Newport, R. I., _ib._

_Pert_, American schooner, ii. 270.

_Perthshire_, British merchantman, captured off Mobile, iv. 43; released by the _Niagara_, _ib._; claims compensation, 44.

_Petrel_, American schooner, in attack on Alvarado, iii. 410.

_Petrel_, Confederate privateer, iv. 93; chases the _St. Lawrence_, which fires into and sinks her, 94.

Phelps, Captain S. S., appointed to command of the _Conestoga_, iv. 251; convoys General Grant down the Mississippi, _ib._; captures the Confederate steamer _Eastport_, 267; takes command of her, _ib._; before Fort Pillow, 290; Lieutenant-commander of the _Eastport_, 369.

_Philadelphia_, American gondola, i. 90; on Lake Champlain, 100.

_Philadelphia_, American frigate, sent to Tripoli, i. 335; sunk on a reef, 343; raised by the Tripolitans, 344; boarded and fired by Decatur, 349–358.

_Phœbe_, British frigate, attempts to attack the _Essex_, iii. 25, 26; is scared off, _ib._; with the _Cherub_ makes another attack on the _Essex_, 30–43.

Pico Andres, Mexican Governor of Los Angeles, iii. 397; breaks his parole, _ib._

_Picton_, British war-schooner, captured by the _Constitution_, iii. 242.

Pike, Zebulon M., explorer, at storming of Toronto, ii. 341; killed by the explosion of a magazine, 342.

_Pinola_, Federal screw gun-boat, iv. 316.

Piracy discoveries at Cape Cruz, South America, iii. 335.

Pirate caves with the bones of dead in them, iii. 324, 325.

Piratical assaults on Yankee traders, iii. 366.

Pitcairn, Major, at Lexington, i. 14.

Pitchforks used by haymakers in their attack on the _Margaretta_, i. 21.

_Pittsburg_, armor-plated Federal gun-boat, built by Eads, iv. 245; Captain Egbert Thompson commands, 290; before Vicksburg, 363, 370.

Pittsburg Landing, fight at, iv. 284.

_Plantagenet_, British liner, assists in the attack on the _General Armstrong_, iii. 188, 194, 196–198.

_Planter_, Confederate transport, turned over to the Federals by Robert Small, a negro slave, iv. 501, 502.

Plattsburg Bay, operations of Macdonough in, iii. 145, 150.

“Playing ball with the red coats,” ii. 268.

_Plunger_, Holland submarine boat, iv. 545.

Po Adam, Malay chief, rescues Captain Endicott, iii. 370; aids Captain Downes in his attack on Quallah Battoo, 374.

_Pocahontas_, Federal frigate, iv. 163.

_Poictiers_, British frigate, recaptures the _Frolic_ from the _Wasp_, ii. 118.

_Policy_, British whaler, captured by Porter, iii. 8.

_Polk_, Confederate gun-boat, iv. 127.

_Polly_, American privateer, attacks the English sloop-of-war _Indian_, ii. 242.

_Pomone_, British frigate, assists in the capture of the _President_, iii. 222.

Pope, Captain John, his report on the retreat of the Federal fleet, iv. 137; captured New Madrid, 276; fortifies the river, _ib._; shuts Confederates in, _ib._

_Porcupine_, American schooner, in battle of Lake Erie, ii. 295.

_Porpoise_, American schooner, in fleet sent to South America to punish pirates, iii. 331.

Port Hudson, Farragut runs his squadron past, iv. 357; the _Albatross_, _Monongahela_, and _Kineo_ successfully pass the batteries of, 358; the _Mississippi_ and the _Lancaster_ fired and sunk below, _ib._

Porter, Midshipman David, assists Lieutenant Rodgers in charge of captured French frigate _Insurgent_, i. 323; sent to Tripoli, 335; sent from the _Enterprise_ to take possession of the _Tripoli_, 335, 336; lands and fires gun-boats in the port of Tripoli, 340; surrenders to the Tripolitans, 343; his experience and training, ii. 33, 34; captures the corvette _Alert_, 42; crew of, plan a rescue, 44; receives an insulting challenge from Sir James Yeo, 348; starts on a second cruise in the _Essex_, iii. 1; cruises off Port Praya, 2; captures the British brig _Nocton_, _ib._; reaches Fernando de Noronha, 3; Bainbridge directs him to pose as Sir James Yeo, _ib._; captures the schooner _Elizabeth_, 4; left free to choose his own course, _ib._; rounds Cape Horn, _ib._; dysentery among his crew, 5, 6; encounters fearful storms, 6; a panic on board, _ib._; sails for Valparaiso, 7; overhauls the _Nereyda_, throws her guns and arms overboard, _ib._; disguises his ship, 8; captures the British whalers _Barclay_, _Montezuma_, _Georgiana_, and _Policy_, _ib._; captures the whalers _Atlantic_ and _Greenwich_, _ib._; forms a squadron, 10; captures the whaler _Charlton_, the ships _Seringapatam_ and _New Zealander_, 14; captures the _Sir Andrew Hammond_, 16; refits his ship at Nukahiva, _ib._; the prisoners plan to capture the Yankee force, 21; an incipient mutiny, _ib._; he sails from Nukahiva, 23; waits for the British frigate, the _Phœbe_, 24; gives a reception to the officials of the city, 25; the _Phœbe_ arrives and attempts to attack him, 25–28; he challenges the _Phœbe_, 29; a heavy squall interferes, 31; the _Essex_ disabled and the enemy gives chase, _ib._; Porter retires into neutral waters, 32; Porter’s running gear disabled, 36; he surrenders his ship, 43; is sent to New York on the _Essex, Junior_, 49; escapes in a fog, _ib._; aids the defence of Baltimore, 53; services, death, and burial, _ib._; operating against the pirates of South America, iii. 333; endeavors to get support of the local governments, _ib._; compels a Porto Rico alcalde to show respect to American officers, 336; court-martialed, _ib._; is suspended and resigns his commission, _ib._

Porter, Commander David D., his idea of attacking New Orleans, iv. 313; finds New Orleans fishermen good spies, _ib._; arranges the expedition, _ib._; commands the mortar fleet up the Mississippi River, 325; placed in charge of the Mississippi squadron, 349; tin-clads added to his squadron, _ib._; tries to get in behind Vicksburg, 358; is unsuccessful, 363; attacks the fortifications of Grand Gulf, 367; sent with General Banks’s expedition to Shreveport, La., 369; arrives at Alexandria, 370; captures the _Abby Bradford_ from the _Sumter_, 413; disagreement with General Butler at Fort Fisher, 508.

Porter, Captain John, in command of the _Greyhound_ in South America, iii. 333.

Porter, Confederate Navy Constructor J. L., assists in making the working drawings for the _Merrimac_, iv. 185.

Porter, Captain William D., iv. 249; in Commodore Foote’s fleet, 255; severely scalded, 265.

Portland, Maine, atrocities of the British at, i. 24–26, 32; influence of atrocities, 196.

_Port Royal_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 389; capture of, 162–182.

_Portsmouth_, American frigate, in the bombardment of Chinese forts, iii. 380–382.

_Potomac_, American frigate, attacks and punishes the Malays at Quallah Battoo, iii. 373–375.

_Powhatan_, Federal frigate, captures the _Abby Bradford_ from the _Sumter_, iv. 413.

_Preble_, American sloop. See _Rising Sun_.

Preble, Captain Edward, i. 26; in command of the _Constitution_, 346; attacks the city of Tripoli, 359; Congress gives him a gold medal, 378.

Preble, Lieutenant George H., iv. 315.

_President_, American frigate, built, i. 312; sent to Tripoli, 335; encounters and is fired on by the corvette _Little Belt_, ii. 7; Captain John Rodgers sent to look for the _Guerrière_, 8; chases the British frigate _Belvidera_, 29–32; the frigate escapes, 32; mentioned, 121; chases the _Nymphe_, 151; chases the _Curlew_, 358; a lieutenant of the _President_ boards the _Highflyer_, _ib._; special efforts ordered to capture the _President_, 359; termed “The Waggon” by the British, 360; Decatur transferred to, iii. 212; attacked by the British fleet, 216; surrenders, 222; is carried to the Bermudas, 226; her dimensions, 227.

Press-gang riots in Boston, i. 395, 397.

Press-gangs, raised in England, i. 156; methods of the, 386, 387; number of Americans enslaved by the, ii. 2–4.

Prevost, Sir George, attacks Sackett’s Harbor, ii. 345; mistakes trees for troops, 346; in command of “Wellington’s Invincibles” at Plattsburg, iii. 147; defeated, 169, 170; dies of chagrin, 183.

_Price_, Confederate gun-boat, rams the _Cincinnati_, iv. 293; disabled by the _Carondelet_, 294.

_Prince de Neufchâtel_, American privateer, ii. 253; attacked by the British frigate _Endymion_, iii. 202–207.

_Prince of Orange_, British brig, captured by the _Surprise_, i. 124, 125.

_Prince Regent_, British ship, iii. 129.

_Princeton_, Ericsson’s first screw steamship, iv. 12; Captain Stockton assigned to her, 14; the “Peacemaker,” one of her guns, bursts, _ib._; her success pronounced, _ib._

Pring, Captain, in the battle of Lake Champlain, iii. 166; surrenders, _ib._

Prisoners, American, in England, bad treatment of, i. 122.

Prisons, British, iii. 288–304.

Privateer and a letter of marque, difference between, iii. 242.

Privateers, commissioned by Congress, i. 33; authorized by General Court of Massachusetts, 196; by Connecticut and Rhode Island, 197; by General Washington, _ib._; work accomplished by them up to 1777, 217; another account of them, 220, 221; captured prisoners from privateers on prison-ship _Jersey_, 221–226; result of licensing of, iii. 324.

Privateers, American, capture sixteen English cruisers during the Revolutionary War, i. 302.

Privateers in the War of 1812, only a few made money, ii. 233–258; two hundred and fifty commissioned during the war, 240.

Proctor, General, his incursion into Ohio prevented by the result of the battle of Lake Erie, ii. 333.

_Protector_, American gun-ship, blows up the British privateer _Admiral Duff_, i. 207; beats off the frigate _Thames_, _ib._

_Providence_, brig of first American Navy, i. 39, 57; commanded by Captain John P. Rathburne, descends on New Providence, Bahamas, 186.

_Quaker City_, armed merchantman, attacked by the Confederate ironclad _Palmetto State_, iv. 474.

Quallah Battoo, Malays of, attacked by the American frigate _Potomac_, iii. 373, 374; bombarded by the _Columbia_, 376.

_Queen Charlotte_, British ship, in battle of Lake Erie, ii. 296; sunk in Little Bay, 337.

_Queen of France_, American ship, i. 280, 281.

_Queen of the West_, Federal ram, at Fort Pillow, iv. 301; sinks the _Lowell_, _ib._; rammed by the _Beauregard_, _ib._; sent to attack Port Hudson, 351; abandoned by the Federals, 352.

_Racehorse_, British brig, captured by the _Andrea Doria_, i. 69.

Radford, Captain William, absent from duty, iv. 201.

_Rainbow_, British gun-ship, captures the _Hancock_, i. 185.

Rais Hammida, the terror of the Mediterranean, iii. 344, 346; killed, 347.

_Raleigh_, American man-of-war, sent to France, i. 130; attacks the _Druid_, 131; loads her supplies, 132; returns to America, 133; captured, 194.

_Raleigh_, Confederate gun-boat, assists in taking crew off the _Congress_, iv. 208.

_Randolph_, American frigate, i. 160; blown up, 162.

Ransom paid to the Dey of Algiers, i. 309, 310.

Ransom, Lieutenant George M., iv. 315.

Rathbone, Captain John P., i. 186; releases American prisoners, _ib._; commands the _Queen of France_, 281.

_Rattlesnake_, American ship, captured by the _Leander_, ii. 387.

Ravenel, Dr. St. Julien, aids in fitting out torpedo boats, iv. 497.

_Razee_, a line-of-battle ship, ii. 403, iii. 56.

Read, Lieutenant Charles W., appointed to command the _Clarence_, iv. 424; captures the _Tacony_ and burns the _Clarence_, _ib._; captures the _Archer_ and cuts out the _Caleb Cushing_, _ib._; captured, _ib._

Red River, Texas, blockaded, iv. 358.

Red River dam, iv. 372–374.

_Reefer_, American schooner, iii. 410.

Reid, Commodore George C., bombards and burns Malay towns, iii. 375–379.

Reid, Captain Samuel C., sails from New York Harbor, iii. 187; arrives at Fayal, _ib._; the brig _Carnation_, accompanied by the _Plantagenet_ and the frigate _Rota_; enter the harbor, 188; attacked in a neutral port, 189; heavy loss of the enemy, _ib._; the population gather to watch the issue, 190; the _Carnation_ attacks with a fleet of boats, _ib._; a fierce hand-to-hand fight, 192; he scuttles and abandons his ship, 200; returns home, 201; is enthusiastically received and honored, _ib._; his pedigree, _ib._; originated the arrangement of the stars and stripes in the American flag, _ib._; dies in New York City, _ib._

Reilly, Lieutenant James, iii. 81.

_Reindeer_, British brig-sloop, captured by the _Wasp_ (No. 3), iii. 88; armament of, 91; the wounded of, sent to Plymouth, _ib._

Renshaw, Master-commandant James, on the _Enterprise_ after the _Boxer-Enterprise_ battle, ii. 386.

_Reprisal_, American brig, captures a number of prizes, i. 70; fight with the _Shark_, 71; Franklin sails for France on the, 114; close call of, 118; ordered to leave France, 119; founders, _ib._

_Resolute_, Federal steamer, at Acquia Creek, iv. 81.

_Resolution_, British brig, captured by the _Hornet_, ii. 181, 191.

_Retaliation_, American gun-ship, formerly the French ship _Croyable_, i. 316, 330, 400.

_Revenge_, American sloop, i. 89.

_Revenge_, American man-of-war, i. 126; takes numerous prizes, _ib._

Rhind, Commander A. C., iv. 480; Commander of the _Louisiana_, 510.

Rhode Island, first naval fight in waters of, i. 2.

_Richmond_, United States screw sloop, iv. 16; Captain Thornton A. Jenkins, 386.

Richmond, Va., railroad communication cut off from, iv. 267.

Ricot, Captain, in Paul Jones’s fleet, i. 232.

Rifled cannon introduced into the American Navy, iv. 20, 21.

_Rising Sun_, American sloop, renamed the _Preble_, iii. 136, 138, 140.

“River Defence Squadron,” Confederate, iv. 297.

_Roanoke_, United States screw frigate, launched, iv. 15.

Roanoke Island, expedition to, iv. 109.

Robertson, Lieutenant John Downie, in the battle of Lake Champlain, iii. 165.

Robinson, Captain Isaiah, i. 69; captures the _Racehorse_, _ib._

Rodgers, Rear-admiral John, with Midshipman David Porter and others, sail the captured frigate _Insurgent_ with 173 French on her, i. 323; brings the ship safely into St. Kitts, _ib._; ready to move his fleet in one hour, ii. 28; starts to intercept a big fleet of merchantmen, 29; chases the _Belvidera_, _ib._; fires the first shot of the War of 1812, 30; his leg broken, 31; the frigate escapes him, 32; cruises and captures merchantmen and recaptures an American ship, _ib._; challenged by the _Guerrière_, 72; sails from Boston, 121; chases the British frigate _Nymphe_, 151; chases the _Curlew_, 358; falls in with the British schooner _Highflyer_, and secures her book of private signals and instructions, _ib._; value and usefulness of the book, 359; ordered to report to General Frémont, iv. 241; buys and fits out merchant-vessels, _ib._; relieved of his command, 250; appointed head of Board of Naval Officers, 527.

Rodgers, Captain John, iv. 480.

Rodgers, Commander George W., killed on the _Catskill_, iv. 480, 491.

Rodgers, Captain R. C. P., at Port Royal, iv. 163.

Rodman, Captain United States Ordnance Department, his experience with heavy guns, iv. 18, 20.

_Rodolph_, Federal wrecking steamer, sunk by a torpedo, iv. 406.

_Roebuck_, British frigate, captures the _Confederacy_, i. 298.

Roosevelt, Clinton, proposed steel-plated ship, iv. 9.

Rooster, a sporting, iii. 155.

_Rose_, British ship, captured by Lieutenant Downes, iii. 10; sent to St. Helena as a cartel, 12.

_Rota_, British frigate, in the attack on the _General Armstrong_, iii. 188–200.

Rowan, Captain Stephen C., iv. 99; destroys the Confederate fleet at Roanoke Island, 110.

_Royal Savage_, American schooner, i. 89.

_Royal Yacht_, Confederate privateer, blockaded by the _Santee_ in Galveston, iv. 138.

Russell, Lieutenant John H., iv. 314.

Russell, Lord, correspondence about the _Trent_ affair, iv. 150–152; letter of, on the closing of Charleston Harbor, 471, 472.

_S. J. Waring_, merchantman, captured by Confederate privateer _Jefferson Davis_, iv. 91.

_Sabine_, Federal sailing ship, rescues the crew of the _Governor_, iv. 167.

Sackett’s Harbor, N. Y., chosen as a naval station, ii. 264; attacked by the British, 345.

Sailors, kidnapped, cruelty to, on British ships, i. 387.

Sailor’s rights ignored by politicians, ii. 18.

St. Eustatius, Governor of, gives first salute to the American flag, i. 69.

_St. James_, American privateer, beats off a British frigate, i. 206.

St. John’s, British fleet built at, i. 87.

St. Laurent, Captain, deceived by Captain Bainbridge, i. 317.

_St. Lawrence_, British liner, iii. 129.

_St. Louis_, Commodore Foote’s flagship, disabled, iv. 271; Captain Henry Erben commands, 289.

_Sally_, purchased by first Marine Committee, i. 39.

Saltonstall, Captain Dudley, i. 46; commands the _Trumbull_, 164; captain of the _Warren_, 283.

Samoa, hurricane at, iv. 554.

Sand-bar, lifting vessels over a, ii. 289, 290.

San Diego, Cal., John C. Frémont takes possession of, iii. 394.

_Sandwich_, American privateer, cut out of Puerto Plata by Lieutenant Isaac Hull, i. 329.

_San Jacinto_, American frigate, iii. 380.

_San Jacinto_, United States screw sloop, iv. 15; Mason and Slidell, Confederate Commissioners, taken to Boston in, 148. See _Mason, James Murray_.

San Juan de Ulloa, a castle on Gallega Reef, Vera Cruz, fortification of, iii. 418.

Santa Anna, Mexican General, landed from the American fleet at Vera Cruz, iii. 424; the American Government negotiates with him to return to Mexico, 427; escorted up the streets of Vera Cruz, _ib._; is recognized by a squad of soldiers and saluted, _ib._; again master of Mexican affairs, _ib._

_Santee_, Federal frigate, blockades Galveston, iv. 137.

Saranac River, the British retire from, iii. 136.

_Saratoga_, American frigate, i. 287; captures the _Charming Molly_ and two other ships, 292; lost in a hurricane, 293.

_Saratoga_, American privateer, ii. 253.

_Saratoga_, American corvette, iii. 137, 138; Macdonough’s flagship in the battle of Lake Champlain, 155.

_Sassacus_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 456.

_Savannah_, American frigate, iii. 392.

_Savannah_, Confederate privateer, captures brig _Joseph_, iv. 88; captured by Federal brig _Perry_, 89.

_Sciota_, Federal screw gun-boat, iv. 315.

_Scorpion_, American gun-boat, ii. 292.

_Scorpion_, American cutter, ii. 408.

_Scorpion_, American schooner, captured by the British, iii. 110.

Scott, Lieutenant-colonel Winfield, at Black Rock, ii. 275; takes possession of Squaw Island, 278; hauls down the British flag, 344.

_Scourge_, American privateer, ii. 253.

_Scourge_, American schooner, ii. 350.

_Seahorse_, American tender, makes a gallant fight against the British fleet, iii. 233–235.

Sea-power, American, in 1812, ii. 21; of Great Britain, 22.

Search, the right of, on the high seas, i. 387; reaffirmed, ii. 19.

_Seine_, French privateer, captured by the American schooner _Enterprise_, i. 330.

Selfredge, Lieutenant-commander T. O., iv. 369.

Selfredge, Lieutenant-commander T. O., Jr., at Fort Fisher, iv. 519.

Self-restraint of Americans, iii. 303.

Selkirk, Earl of, house of, surrounded by Paul Jones, i. 147, 148.

_Selma_, Confederate gun-boat, iv. 380.

Selman, Captain John, captures ten British vessels and Governor Wright of St. John’s, i. 203.

_Seminole_, Federal frigate, iv. 163.

_Seminole_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 389.

Semmes, Commander Raphael, his ship capsizes and he loses half the crew, iii. 417; takes command of Confederate cruiser _Sumter_, iv. 408; chases the _Brooklyn_, 409; captures the _Golden Rocket_, 410; takes five prizes into Cuba, 411; takes the _Abby Bradford_ to Venezuela, 412; the _Powhatan_ captures her, 413; some of his captures, 415; his ship sold to English blockade-runners, _ib._; Brazil authorities allow him to use Fernando de Noronha as headquarters, 427; appointed to command of _Alabama_, 431; ships his officers and men at Terceira, _ib._; encounters the _San Jacinto_, 432; captures the _Ariel_, _ib._; goes to Galveston to intercept transports, _ib._; captures the _Hatteras_, _ib._; his reception at Cape Town, 434; his gallantry, 435; cruises in the East Indies, 436; fight with the _Kearsarge_, 438–441; rescued by the yacht _Deerhound_, 442; his reception in England, 447.

_Seneca_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 163.

Senez, Captain Andre, surrenders to Captain Little of the _Boston_, i. 328, 329.

Sentiment, a touching tale of, iii. 243, 244.

_Serapis_, British frigate, encounters the _Bonhomme Richard_, i. 243; fight with the latter, 245–259; surrenders, 259; comparative strength of the two ships, 265.

_Seringapatam_, British ship, captured by Porter, iii. 14.

_Severn_, British ship, ii. 421.

Seward, William H., his reply to the despatch of the British Government relative to the _Trent_ affair, iv. 154–156.

Sewell’s Point, Confederate batteries erected at, iv. 195.

Shajackuda Creek, Niagara River, expedition starts from, ii. 275; route opened up by Perry, 287.

_Shannon_, British frigate, ii. 55; blockades Boston, 200; challenges the _Chesapeake_, 203; captures her, 209–221; arrives at Halifax, 222; comparison of the two ships, 229.

_Shark_, American brig, captures five pirate vessels, iii. 331.

_Shark_, British sloop, fight of, with American brig _Reprisal_, i. 71.

Shaw, Lieutenant, captures the French privateer _Seine_, i. 330.

Sheed, William W., Sailing-master, attacks the British, ii. 402.

_Shelburne_, British schooner, assists in capturing the _Frolic_, iii. 65.

_Shenandoah_, Confederate cruiser, destroys American whaling and sealing fleets, iv. 447.

Sherman, Captain, “bravest man in the Confederate squadrons,” iv. 321, 329, 340.

Sherman, General Thomas W., commands a force against Port Royal, iv. 164.

Shipbuilder, the private, a factor in the sea power of a nation, iv. 38.

Shipbuilding after the Revolution, i. 304.

Ship-masts retained for use of the crown, i. 15.

Shirk, Lieutenant, supports Grant at Pittsburg Landing, iv. 284; commander of Federal gun-boat _Tuscumbia_, iv. 363.

Shreveport, La., General Banks sent on expedition to, to frustrate designs of Napoleon III., iv. 368.

Shubrick, Lieutenant J. T., boards the _Peacock_ and endeavors to save the ship from sinking, ii. 184.

Shubrick, Commodore William Bradford, in command of the Pacific Coast Squadron, iii. 401.

“Siege of Plattsburg,” a popular song, iii. 184.

_Silver Wave_, Federal Army transport, before Vicksburg, iv. 364.

_Simcoe_, British gun-boat, iii. 143.

_Simes_, British schooner, sunk, ii. 271.

Sinclair, Captain Arthur, sent to take charge of the American fleet west of the Niagara, iii. 106; sails into Lake Huron, 107; destroys St. Joseph, _ib._; destroys a block-house, 108; returns to Detroit, 109.

_Sir Andrew Hammond_, British whaler, captured by Porter, iii. 16; recaptured by the _Cherub_, 50.

_Sir George Prevost_, British gun-boat, iii. 143.

_Sir James Yeo_, British gun-boat, iii. 143.

_Sir Sidney Beckwith_, British gun-boat, iii. 143.

_Sir William Erskine_, British sloop, attacked and captured by the American privateer _Thorn_, i. 209.

_Siren_, American brig, accompanies Decatur on his expedition to fire the _Philadelphia_, i. 348–350; John B. Nicholson placed in command of, iii. 78; cruises on the coast of Africa, _ib._; is captured, 79.

Slave traffic on the coast of Africa, iii. 360; Admiral Foote’s efforts to stamp it out, 363–367.

Slavers, chasing, on the African coast, iii. 360–361.

Slavery, kidnapped sailors subjected to a state of, i. 387.

Slidell, John, Confederate commissioner to France. See _Mason, James Murray_.

Sloat, Captain John Drake, takes possession of Monterey, California, iii. 392; gives up command of the squadron, 394.

Smith, Lieutenant Albert N., iv. 315.

Smith, Lieutenant Joseph B., attacked by the _Merrimac_, iv. 207; stands by his ship until killed, 208.

Smith, Commander Melancthon, iv. 314.

Smith, Lieutenant Sydney, indiscreet zeal of, iii. 136.

_Solebay_, British frigate, fights with American brig _Providence_, under Paul Jones, i. 74.

_Somers_, American brig, enters Vera Cruz harbor and fires the _Creole_, iii. 417; capsizes and drowns half her crew, _ib._

_Somers_, American schooner, captured by the British, iii. 111.

_Somers_, American schooner, in battle of Lake Erie, ii. 295.

_Somers_, overturned while chasing a blockade-runner, iii. 417.

Somers, Commandant Richard, assists in attack on the city of Tripoli, i. 359–367; blown up on the _Intrepid_, 378.

Somers, Captain, fights five duels in succession, iii. 315–317.

_Somerset_, Fulton ferryboat, captures the blockade-runner _Circassian_, iv. 37.

Somerville, Captain Philip, assists in the attack on the _General Armstrong_, iii. 194.

Sorel River, invaded by “Wellington’s Invincibles,” iii. 135.

Soulé, Pierre, Senator and Minister to Spain, iv. 338.

South Carolina islands, as described by Jedidiah Morse, iv. 31.

_Southampton_, British frigate, flagship of Sir James L. Yeo, ii. 348.

Southcombe, Captain, fights off nine British barges, iii. 204.

Southern States dependent on commerce for necessaries of life, iv. 46; their lack of factories and mills before the Civil War, _ib._

_Southfield_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 454.

_Sparlin_, British sloop, captured by the _Thorn_, i. 209.

_Spitfire_, American merchantman, stopped by the _Guerrière_, ii. 7.

_Spitfire_, British sloop, ii. 359.

Spies, New Orleans fishermen as, iv. 313.

Sproats, David, inhuman conduct of, i. 224.

Spy service of Federal government not as good as the Confederate, iv. 189.

Squaw Island, N. Y., the _Detroit_ grounds on, ii. 278.

Stanton, Edward, Secretary of War, his views of the victory of the _Merrimac_, iv. 211–212.

_Star of the West_, Federal steamer, first shot of the Civil War fired at, iii. 363; taken by the Confederates, _ib._

Stars and Stripes first saluted by a foreign power, i. 138.

_State of Georgia_, Federal warship, iv. 237.

Steamboats under fire of heavy guns, iv. 252.

Steam-rams, first fight of, in history, iv. 307.

Stembel, Captain R. N., before Fort Pillow, iv. 289; badly wounded, 294.

Sterrett, Lieutenant Andrew, sent to Tripoli, i. 335; appointed to command the _Enterprise_, ii. 373; captures the _Tripoli_, _ib._

_Stettin_, armed merchantman, attacked by the Confederate ironclad _Palmetto State_, iv. 474.

Stevens, Captain T. H., at Port Royal, iv. 163.

Stevens, Robert L., invents first ironclad, iv. 9.

Stevens, Commander Thomas Holdup, iv. 386; in charge of Federal fleet to carry Fort Sumter by storm, 494.

Stewart, Lord George, commander in the attack on the _Constitution_ at Porto Praya, iii. 260.

Stewart, Captain Charles, sails from Boston, iii. 242; overhauls and captures the British war-schooner _Picton_, _ib._; falls in with the British frigate _La Pique_, 243; finds the British frigates _Junon_ and _Tenedos_ lying in wait for him, 244; escapes to Marblehead, _ib._; returns to Boston, 245; sails out of Boston while blockade squadron is off port, _ib._; captures British merchant ship, _Lord Nelson_, _ib._; chases the _Elizabeth_, but captures the _Susan_, 245; chased by the frigates _Tiber_ and _Elizabeth_, 246; escapes, _ib._; encounters the frigate _Cyane_ and sloop-of-war _Levant_, 247; opens fire on both ships, 249; the _Cyane_ surrenders to, 252; the _Levant_ surrenders to, 255; sails to Porto Praya with his captures, 260; the _Newcastle_, _Leander_, and _Acasta_ surprise him, 260; the _Newcastle_ opens fire, 265; the _Constitution_ sails away free, _ib._; her last fight, 268.

Stivers, A. C., Chief Engineer of the _Monitor_, iv. 216.

Stockton, Captain Robert Field, succeeds Captain Sloat in command of the Pacific Squadron, iii. 394; lands and attacks Los Angeles, _ib._; novel trick to deceive the enemy, _ib._; organizes a state government, 397; is succeeded by Commodore Shubrick, 401; his trip on Ericsson’s _Francis B. Ogden_, iv. 10; he induces Ericsson to come to America, 11; assigned to the _Princeton_, 14.

Stoddert, Benjamin, Secretary of Navy, i. 334.

“Stone Fleet,” sinking of the, iv. 470.

_Stonewall Jackson_, Confederate ironclad, iv. 333; rams the _Varuna_ and sinks her, 334; is driven ashore by the _Oneida_ and _Cayuga_, _ib._

Stoney, Theodore D., Charleston citizen, builds, at his own expense, a number of “Davids,” iv. 497.

Stringham, Flag Officer Silas H., assigned to command of Hatteras Island expedition, iv. 99.

Strong, Commander James H., iv. 389.

Submarine torpedo vessel, principles and construction of a, i. 165–170; experiments made to prove the nature and use of a, 172.

Sullivan’s Island, Charleston, S. C., iv. 469.

Sumatra, attack of natives of, on American ship _Friendship_, iii. 368.

_Sumter_, Confederate gun-boat, rams the _Cincinnati_ at Fort Pillow, iv. 293; surrenders, 302.

_Sumter_, Confederate ship, captured at Fort Pillow, iv. 302.

_Sumter_, Confederate cruiser, iv. 407; Captain Semmes takes command of, 408; captures the _Abby Bradford_, 412; cruises in the Caribbean Sea, 413; on the Brazil coast, 414; is chased by _Iroquois_, _ib._; goes to Spain and Gibraltar, 415; expense of, to the Confederate Government, 416; sold and converted into an English merchant-ship, _ib._; runs the blockade of Charleston, _ib._; name changed to the _Gibraltar_, _ib._; lost in the North Sea, _ib._

_Superior_, American frigate, iii. 113.

Superiority of British naval crews, i. 60.

Superstition, sailors’, iii. 78, 79.

_Surprise_, American brig, renamed the _Eagle_, iii. 139.

_Surprise_, American cutter, i. 123; captures the ship _Joseph_ and the brig _Prince of Orange_, 124; detained in France by the British ambassador, 125.

_Surveyor_, American schooner, attacked and overpowered by the British frigate _Narcissus_, ii. 417.

_Susquehanna_, American ship, sent to Japan in 1851, iii. 443.

_Susquehanna_, Federal frigate, iv. 163.

_Sylph_, American schooner, ii. 349.

Symonds, Sir William, his opinion of Ericsson’s _Francis B. Ogden_, iv. 10.

Tabasco, Mexico, captured by Commodore M. C. Perry, iii. 414.

_Tacony_, captured by Captain Read of the _Clarence_, iv. 424.

_Tapanagouche_, British schooner sent to capture Captain Jeremiah O’Brien, i. 23.

Tarbell, Captain, unsuccessfully attacks the becalmed British fleet in Hampton Roads, ii. 395.

_Tartarus_, English brig-sloop, iii. 93.

Tattnall, Commodore Josiah, takes part in the English attack on Chinese forts, iii. 382; attacks the Castle of San Juan de Ulloa in the siege of Vera Cruz, 420–423; commands a squadron of four vessels sent in to divert the attention of the Mexicans, 424; exchanges places with a brother officer on the _Constellation_, and so saves his life, 354; commands the Confederate fleet at Savannah, iv. 168; his worthless flotilla, _ib._; attacked by the Federal fleet and retires, 171; destroys the _Merrimac_, 236, 237.

Tayloe, Lieutenant, killed while assisting the Union wounded out of the _Congress_, iv. 209.

Taylor, Captain John, chased by Captain Lawrence of the _Hornet_, ii. 181.

Taylor, Thomas E., leading blockade-runner, iv. 57.

Tea destroyed in Boston Harbor, i. 13.

_Teaser_, privateer of New York, ii. 245.

_Teaser_, American blockade-runner, iv. 60.

_Tecumseh_, British gun-boat, iii. 145.

_Tecumseh_, Federal monitor, iv. 386; sunk by a torpedo, 394.

_Tenedos_, British frigate, captures the American frigate _President_, iii. 222; goes in chase of the _Constitution_, 244.

_Tennessee_, Confederate ram, iv. 380.

Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers, how far navigable, iv. 240.

Tennessee opened up by the capture of Fort Henry, iv. 266; railroad communication cut off from, 267.

Terceira, a Portuguese island, officers and crew of the _Alabama_ shipped from, iv. 431.

Terry, General Alfred H., at Fort Fisher, iv. 516.

Texas, Napoleon III. tries to persuade, to secede from the Confederacy, iv. 367–368.

_Thalia_, British frigate, ii. 29.

_Thames_, British frigate, attacks American gun-ship _Protector_, i. 207.

Thatcher, Master Charles, iv. 370.

_Theodora_, Confederate blockade-runner, carries Mason and Slidell to Cuba, iv. 141.

_Thetis_, British frigate, chased by Porter and escapes, ii. 38.

_Thomas_, American privateer, ii. 252.

_Thompson_, Confederate ram, sunk at Fort Pillow, iv. 302.

Thompson, Captain Egbert, before Fort Pillow, iv. 290.

Thompson, Captain Thomas, i. 130; sent to France for supplies, _ib._; returns to America, 132–133.

_Thorn_, American privateer, attacks and strikes the _Governor Tryon_ and _Sir William Erskine_, i. 209; captures the _Sparlin_, _ib._; captured by the _Deane_, 284, 287.

_Ticonderoga_, American schooner, iii. 137–139.

_Tigress_, American schooner, in battle of Lake Erie, ii. 295; captured by the British, iii. 109.

Tilghman, General Lloyd, surrenders Fort Henry to Commodore Foote, iv. 265–266.

Tillinghast, Lieutenant T. G., iii. 81.

Tin-clads, light-draft steamers in Admiral Porter’s squadron, iv. 349.

Tiptonville, Pope shuts Confederates in by occupying, iv. 276.

_Toey-wan_, steamer chartered by Captain Tattnall in the attack on Chinese forts, iii. 382–384.

Tombigbee Channel, Mobile, lined with torpedoes, iv. 406.

_Tom Bowline_, store-ship for Decatur’s fleet, iii. 271.

_Tompkins_, American ship, ii. 352.

Toronto, Canada, Americans plan to attack, ii. 339; a force under General Dearborn sent to attack, 340; stores and prisoners taken, 342.

Torpedo boat, the first one built, i. 164; general principles and construction of a submarine vessel, 165.

Torpedoes made of whiskey demijohns, iv. 350.

Townsend, Commander Robert, iv. 369.

Trabangan, Malay settlement, natives of, capture the American merchant-ship _Eclipse_ and kill Captain Wilkins, iii. 374–379.

“Tracking” up a river, ii. 287.

_Trajano_, Brazilian rebel warship, iv. 548.

_Transit_, New London merchant-ship, captured by Confederate privateers, iv. 97.

Treaty of Ghent, terms and conditions of, iii. 209; the real cause of the war ignored in the treaty, 210.

Tredegar Iron Mills, Richmond, Va., the only gun and engine factory possessed by the South at the outbreak of the Civil War, iv. 46.

Trenchard, Lieutenant Stephen Decatur, wounded in a fight with Chinese, iii. 382.

_Trent_, British mail steamer, Confederate Commissioners Mason and Slidell taken from, iv. 148; attitude of the British Government in regard to the seizure, 150–152; instructions to Lord Lyons, 152, 153; reply of Mr. Seward to the despatch of the British Government, iv. 154; review of Mr. Seward’s reply, 154–158; Commodore Smith’s comment on the reply, 156.

_Trenton_, United States cruiser, ashore at Samoa, iv. 554.

_Trepassy_, British brig, surrenders to the _Alliance_, i. 298.

Tribute, paid to Algerian pirates by America, iii. 339; by England, 340.

Tripoli declares war against America, i. 333; pays indemnity to United States, iii. 357.

_Tripoli_, war polacre, is beaten by the American schooner _Enterprise_, i. 335.

Tripolitans, treachery of, i. 335, 336.

_Trippe_, American sloop, in battle of Lake Erie, ii. 295.

Trippe, Sailing-master John, at attack on city of Tripoli, i. 366.

Tristan d’Acunha, Island of, in the South Atlantic, Jonathan Lambert pre-empts, iii. 270, 271; a breeding resort for seals, _ib._; Decatur makes it a rendezvous, _ib._

_True Briton_, captured by the _Randolph_, i. 160.

_Trumbull_, American galley, i. 89, 164.

_Trumbull_, American ship, captures two British transports, i. 164; cruises along American coast with a crew of landsmen, 290; is nearly disabled, 291; attacked by three British ships and surrenders, 295–297.

Truxton, Captain Thomas, captures prizes in the Azores, i. 205; cuts out three ships from the British fleet, _ib._; fits out the _Mars_ and cruises in the English Channel, _ib._; involves France in war with England, 206; successfully beats off a British frigate, _ib._; Captain of the _Constellation_, compels the French frigate _Vengeance_ to fight, 323; loses her in the night, 328.

_Truxton_, American brig, grounded before Tuspan, Mexico, and is captured, iii. 410.

Tucker, John, Assistant Secretary of War, asks Commodore Vanderbilt his terms for destroying the _Merrimac_, iv. 212.

Tucker, Captain Samuel, captures thirty British vessels, i. 203.

Tunis, brought to terms by the American fleet, i. 378, 379; pays indemnity to United States for seizing the _Abellino_ prizes, iii. 353.

_Tuscumbia_, Federal gun-boat in Porter’s fleet before Vicksburg, iv. 363.

Tybee Bar, Savannah, coal-ships ordered to go to, iv. 165.

_Unadilla_, Federal frigate, iv. 163; attacked by the Confederate ironclad _Palmetto State_, 474.

_Underwriter_, Federal gun-boat, boarded and destroyed by John Taylor Wood, iv. 452.

_Unicorn_, British frigate, captures the _Raleigh_, i. 194.

_United States_, American frigate, built, i. 312.

United States Astronomical Expedition to the Southern Hemisphere, members of, iii. 464.

_United States_, frigate, falls in with the _Eurydice_ and _Atalanta_, ii. 16; cruises between the Azores and the Canary Islands, 121; encounters the _Macedonian_, 122; battle with, 125–134; losses after the battle, 139; comparison of the forces of the two ships, 140; blockaded in New London, 150.

United States Government abrogates all treaties with France, i. 314.

_United We Stand_, American privateer, ii. 253.

Valcour Island, Lake Champlain, fight between Benedict Arnold and Sir Guy Carleton at, i. 92–99.

Van Brunt, Captain G. I., iv. 99.

_Vandalia_, United States warship, sank at Samoa in a hurricane, iv. 554.

_Vandalia_, Federal sailing-ship, iv. 163; sails from Hampton Roads with a fleet of coal schooners in charge, 165; encounters a hurricane, 166.

Vanderbilt, Commodore Cornelius, asked for what sum he would destroy the _Merrimac_, iv. 212.

_Van Dorn_, Confederate gun-boat, rams the _Mound City_ and disables her, iv. 294.

_Varuna_, Federal screw corvette, iv. 314.

Vaughan, Captain William, at Sackett’s Harbor, ii. 267; drives off the British, 268.

_Vengeance_, American brig, in Paul Jones’s fleet, i. 232.

_Vengeance_, French frigate, fight with the _Constellation_, i. 323; surrenders, 327; slips away in the night to Curaçao, 328; returned to France, 330.

Vera Cruz, Mexico, siege and blockade of, by Americans, iii. 417–424; the city captured, 424–427; the navy’s part in the capture, 424.

Vergennes, Vt., Macdonough builds the _Saratoga_ there, iii. 137.

_Vesuvius_, United States dynamite cruiser, iv. 540.

Veterans of the Peninsular War sent to subjugate America, iii. 135.

Vicksburg, Admiral Farragut’s fleet arrives at, iv. 341; moves made against, by way of the Yazoo River country, 350; they failed, _ib._; General Grant arrives before, 351; Admiral Porter tries to get in behind, 358–363; Grant surrounds, 363.

_Victor_, British gun-boat, captures the _Hancock_, i. 185.

_Vigilant_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by Confederate cruiser _Sumter_, iv. 415.

_Vincennes_, American ship, sent to Japan in 1845, iii. 440.

_Vincennes_, Federal war-ship, iv. 129; misunderstands signals, 133, 134.

_Viper_, American gun-boat, iii. 141.

_Virginia_, American frigate, grounded in Chesapeake Bay, i. 186.

_Virginia_, English frigate, i. 284.

_Virginia_, a name given to the reconstructed _Merrimac_, but not used, iv. 189.

_Vixen_, American cruiser, in the attack on Tripoli, i. 374.

_Vixen_, American brig, captured by British frigate _Southampton_, ii. 348.

_Vixen_, American steamer, in attack on Alvarado, iii. 410.

_Voluntaire_, French frigate, i. 316.

_Wabash_, United States screw frigate, iv. 15; commanded by Captain Samuel Mercer, 99; Captain C. R. P. Rodgers, commander, 163.

_Wachusett_, Federal frigate, captures the _Florida_, iv. 424.

Wadsworth, Captain Alexander Scammel, appointed to the _Constellation_, iii. 327.

“Waggon, The,” a contemptuous term applied to the frigate _President_ by the British, ii. 360.

Wales, Captain R. W., fights a battle with the _Peacock_, iii. 68–71; surrenders, 71; his ship is carried into Savannah, 77.

Walke, Commander Henry, in charge of transport _Supply_, iv. 115; disobeys orders, _ib._; is court-martialed, 116; appointed to command the _Taylor_, 250; convoys General Grant down the Mississippi, 251; in command of gun-boat _Taylor_, 251; gallant conduct of, 252; his timely aid, _ib._; commands the _Carondelet_ in Commodore Foote’s fleet, 255; his seeming insolence to Commodore Foote, 266; commences the attack on Fort Donelson, 268; diverts the Confederates’ attention from Grant, 271; successfully runs the _Carondelet_ past the batteries of Island No. 10, 281; resourcefulness of, 282; passes six forts, under fire of fifty guns, 283; aids the _Cincinnati_, 294.

_Walker_, American whaler, captured by the Peruvian cruiser _Nereyda_, iii. 7.

“Wall-piece,” a gun used in capturing the _Margaretta_, i. 17.

_Wampanoag_, Federal ironclad, iv. 472, 473.

War of 1812, events which led up to, i. 383; Great Britain fomented discord between the States of the Union, 384; used every means to harass American commerce, _ib._; impressed men by force to serve on English ships, 386; used the press-gang in foreign ports, 387; demanded right of search on the high seas, _ib._; used nothing to enforce an order but the cat-o’-ninetails, 389; American ships stripped of their crews, 397; five men off the _Baltimore_ impressed in the British service, 401; the affair of the _Leopard_ and _Chesapeake_, 402–413; case of the _Spitfire_ and _Guerrière_, ii. 7; tricky conduct of the officers of two British frigates, 15; war declared, 28; justified by the _Trent_ affair, iv. 140.

War-ship, the first submarine, i. 157; the first Yankee, on fresh waters, ii. 264; development of the, from 1815–1859, iv. 1–9.

Ward, Fleet Officer James H., his attack on the Acquia Creek batteries, iv. 81; killed, 82.

Ward, Samuel, Rhode Island delegate to Continental Congress, i. 31.

Warren, Fort, Mass., Mason and Slidell confined there, iv. 156.

_Warren_, American frigate, i. 280, 283.

Warrington, Master-commandant Lewis, iii. 66; attacks and captures the _Epervier_, 66–71; succeeds Porter in clearing the South American coast of pirates, 338.

_Washington_, American galley, i. 89; on Lake Champlain, 99.

Washington, George, and the Congress of the United Colonies, i. 27.

Washington, D. C., conduct of the British sailors at capture of, ii. 418, 419.

_Wasp_, schooner, of first American Navy, i. 40.

_Wasp_ (No. 2), American sloop-of-war, fight with the _Frolic_, ii. 107–117; both the _Wasp_ and the _Frolic_ captured by the British frigate _Poictiers_, 118, 119; taken into the British navy and lost at sea, 119.

_Wasp_ (No. 3), American sloop-of-war, cuts her way through British blockaders, iii. 81; fights and captures the _Reindeer_, 86–88; comparison of the two ships, 91; cuts out the _Mary_ under the convoy of the _Armada_, and is chased by the _Armada_, 92; encounters the _Avon_, 93; fights and disables her, 97; the _Castilian_ and _Tartarus_ appear and chase the _Wasp_ off, 97; captures two merchantmen and the _Atalanta_, 100; mysterious end of, 102–104.

Waters, Captain Daniel, assists in capturing a British troop-ship, i. 203; desperate fight with two British sloops-of-war, 209.

_Water Witch_, carries an exploring expedition to Parana, iii. 464.

_Water Witch_, Federal war-ship, iv. 129–133.

Watson, William H., Lieutenant, ii. 364; is cut down and carried off unconscious, _ib._; captures a pirate schooner off South America, iii. 335.

_Watt_, British privateer, fights with the _Trumbull_, i. 291.

_Webb_, Confederate ram, iv. 352.

_Weehawken_, Federal ironclad, iv. 480.

Weitzel, General, in command of troops at Fort Fisher, iv. 513.

Welles, Gideon, Secretary of the Navy, his account of the effect that the raid of the _Merrimac_ had upon a cabinet meeting at Washington, iv. 211.

Wellington, Duke of, on the character of the veterans sent to America, iii. 134.

“Wellington’s Invincibles” invade the Sorel River, iii. 135; sent to New Orleans under Sir Edward Packenham, iii. 230.

_Wellington_, British gun-boat, iii. 143.

Wells, Clark H., Lieutenant-Commander, iv. 389.

West India pirates, iii. 324.

Western waters, ships of the line of battle on, iv. 249.

_Westfield_, Federal ship, destroyed by the Confederates, iv. 357.

_West Wind_, Federal merchant-ship, captured by Confederate cruiser _Sumter_, iv. 415.

Whaler, an armed British, transformed into a Yankee cruiser, iii. 9, 10.

Whaling fleet, British, taken by surprise, iii. 8–10.

Wheaton, Joseph, one of the capturers of the _Margaretta_, i. 16.

Whinyates, Captain Thomas, ii. 106; encounters the _Wasp_ in a gale, _ib._; gives battle to the _Wasp_, 107; wounded, 112; surrenders, 116; his ship recaptured by the _Poictiers_, 118.

Whipple, Abraham, in command of boats attacking the _Gaspé_, i. 9; commands American ship _Columbus_, 66; in charge of the _Providence_, 281.

Whiskey demijohns for torpedoes, iv. 350.

White River, Ark., Federal operations on, iv. 307.

White Squadron, formation of, iv. 531–554.

_Whitehead_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 457.

Wickes, Captain Lambert, in the fight with the _Shark_, i. 71; carries Franklin to France, 114; captures prizes, _ib._; goes on a cruise in the Bay of Biscay, _ib._; captures fifteen prizes, 118.

Wilderness, building war-ships and gun-boats in the, ii. 286.

Wilkes, Captain Charles, stops the British steamer _Trent_ and takes off Mason and Slidell, iv. 144–160; sails into Boston, with his prisoners, 148, 149; his conduct commended by Secretary of the Navy Welles, _ib._

Wilkinson, General, attempts to attack Montreal, ii. 271; expedition fails, 272; builds winter quarters on Salmon River, _ib._

_William_, American merchant-ship, captured by the _Java_, ii. 153; recaptured by Captain Lawrence, of the _Hornet_, 181.

_William S. Robins_, merchant-ship, captured by Confederate privateers, iv. 97.

Williams, Richard, reports to the British Government on the _Trent_ affair, iv. 150.

Williams, Captain John Foster, captures the British brig _Active_, i. 206; fights and blows up the British privateer _Admiral Duff_, 207; compels the frigate _Thames_ to haul off, _ib._

Williamson, Chief Engineer W. P., assists in the reconstruction of the frigate _Merrimac_ into an ironclad, iv. 185–186.

_Will-o’-the-Wisp_, blockade runner, iv. 57; description of, _ib._

_Wilmer_, American gun-boat, iii. 141.

Wilmington, N. C., a favorite resort of blockade-runners, iv. 41.

Wilson, Lieutenant-commander Byron, iv. 363–369.

_Winnebago_, Federal monitor, iv. 386.

_Winona_, Federal screw gun-boat, iv. 315.

_Wissahickon_, Federal screw gun-boat, iv. 315.

_Wolfe_, British sloop-of-war, ii. 348.

Wood, Lieutenant John Taylor, iv. 189; boards and destroys the Federal gun-boat _Underwriter_, 452; his statement on the retiring of the _Monitor_ from the fight, 230, 231.

Woodworth, Lieutenant S. E., iv. 364.

Woolsey, Lieutenant Melancthon, ii. 264.

Worden, Lieutenant John L., causes Fort Pickens to be reinforced, iv. 119; arrested and held prisoner for seven months, _ib._; Captain of the _Monitor_, 205; begins the battle with the _Merrimac_, 219; gets to close quarters, 222; has his ship under good control, 212; disabled, 225; Lieutenant Greene succeeds him in command, 229; transferred to a tug and taken to Washington, 230; letter to him from his crew, 233; Captain of the _Montauk_, 480.

Wright, Governor, of St. John’s, captured by Captain Selman, i. 203; released, _ib._

_Wyalusing_, Federal gun-boat, iv. 457.

Wyer, Captain, captures four prizes in the Mediterranean, iii. 343.

Wyman, Captain R. W., at Port Royal, iv. 163.

Yankee squadron, first cruise of the, i. 48.

_Yarmouth_, British ship, attacked by the _Randolph_, i. 162.

Yarnall, Lieutenant, in the battle of Lake Erie, ii. 313; Perry leaves him in charge, 318.

Yellow fever decimates the crews of the American ships before Vera Cruz, iii. 418.

Yeo, Sir James L., placed in command of the British naval forces on Lake Ontario, ii. 348; captures the American brig _Vixen_ in the West Indies, _ib._; sends an insulting challenge to Captain Porter of the _Essex_, _ib._; captures two schooners and supplies, _ib._; meets Commodore Chauncey’s squadron, 349; has some brushes with the enemy, 350–353; operations on Lake Ontario, iii. 114–126.

_York_, Confederate privateer, iv. 93.

Yucatan, Mexico, governed by the Americans during the Mexican War, iii. 414.

Transcriber’s Notes

New original cover art included with this eBook is granted to the public domain.

Superscripts are represented by ^x.

Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in the original book; otherwise they were not changed.

Simple typographical errors were corrected; unbalanced quotation marks were remedied when the change was obvious, and otherwise left unbalanced.

Possibly archaic spellings in quoted text have not been changed.

Text uses both “£” and “l.” to indicate the British pound.

Illustrations in this eBook have been positioned between paragraphs and outside quotations. In versions of this eBook that support hyperlinks, the page references in the List of Illustrations lead to the corresponding illustrations.

Pages 269-272: John Paul Jones’ quoted report contains several sentences beginning with lowercase letters and some mid-sentence phrases beginning with capital letters.

The Transcriber copied the index from Volume IV. It was not checked for proper alphabetization or correct page references. Most of the references are to pages in the other three volumes of this series; all four volumes are available at no charge at Project Gutenberg:

Volume I: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/71794 Volume II: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/71795 Volume III: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/71796 Volume IV: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/71797

In the original book, the index entries for "Biddle, Captain Nicholas" referring to Volume II. actually refer to his nephew, "Biddle, James", and some of those are in Volume III. In this ebook, those entries have been corrected, but the index may contain other errors.