Part 10

John Adams, William Basset, William Beale, Edward Bompasse, Jonathan Brewster, Clement Briggs, John Cannon, William Conner, Thomas Cushman, Stephen Dean, Philip de la Noye, Thomas Flavell, Widow Ford, Robert Hicks, William Hilton, Bennet Morgan, Thomas Morton, Austin Nicholas, William Palmer, William Pitt, Thomas Prence, Moses Simonson, Hugh Stacie, James Stewart, William Tench, John Winslow, William Wright.

Also aboard was Robert Cushman who presumably carried the manuscript journal back to England with him on the _Fortune’s_ return trip a month later.

[118]Bradford’s _Of Plymouth Plantation_ describes the _Fortune’s_ cargo as comprising beaver skins, clapboards, and sassafras, all of which was stolen by French privateers shortly before her arrival in London.

[119]George Morton, to whom this letter was presumably written, did come with the next party, on the ship _Anne_.

[120]advise

[121]Presumably, Edward Winslow. See Introduction.

[122]I.e., in England.

[123]shyness

[124]That is, the preceding journal.

[125]hindrance

[126]Presumably, Robert Cushman. See Introduction.

[Illustration: THE MAYFLOWER

Weighing about 180 tons, and only about 106 feet long, the overcrowded _Mayflower_ must have had a rough voyage. The Pilgrims sailed across the north Atlantic to avoid pirates who frequented the more temperate latitudes. No one knows exactly what the original _Mayflower_ looked like, but this reconstruction of a typical ship of the time and class is probably very similar.]

[Illustration: THE SHALLOP

Small groups of Pilgrims explored Cape Cod and Clark’s Island before selecting Plymouth as the site for their settlement. They plied between the _Mayflower_ and the shore in a shallop, a large open boat which could be rowed and/or fitted with sails.]

[Illustration: INDIAN WIGWAM

This reconstructed wigwam and its contents are like those encountered by the Pilgrims during their first explorations. The bark huts of their Algonquian Indian neighbors soon became familiar shelters to the Pilgrims, whose descriptive accounts allow us to understand much of the native way of life which fast disappeared in New England.]

[Illustration: CONSTRUCTING A HOUSE AT PLYMOUTH

Members of the group early agreed that each family should build its own house, “... thinking by that course men would make more haste.” Roofs were thatched with bundles of rushes and grass, which provided a good watershed but could easily be fired by a spark from the chimney, as is graphically described in _Mourt’s Relation_.]

[Illustration: PILGRIM HOUSE IN WINTER

Pilgrim houses like this may have been almost as snug as log cabins which were unknown in America until several years later. Clapboards prepared by the Pilgrims also constituted a major portion of the first shipment which was sent back to the sponsoring “merchant adventurers” in England.]

[Illustration: A PILGRIM FAMILY

Everyone had to work at securing food during the first difficult years in the new plantation. Corn, pumpkin, and turkey came to be major items in the diet of the Pilgrims after they learned their uses from the Indians.]

[Illustration: THE FIRST THANKSGIVING

It must have been a festive occasion when, “Our harvest being gotten in, our governor sent four men on fowling, that so we might after a special manner rejoice together, after we had gathered the fruit of our labors.” Massasoit and ninety other Indians were welcomed and contributed five deer to the three-day harvest festival.]

[Illustration: PILGRIMS GOING TO CHURCH

Most of the Pilgrims were Separatists who were opposed to the forms of the Church of England, but spent most of the sabbath in informal services combining social and religious activities. Fear of Indian attack made the first settlers cautious, so they rarely traveled unarmed, and in 1622-23 built a combined fort and meeting-house, although they were fortunate in enjoying warm relations with neighboring tribes for several years.]

PHOTOGRAPHS FROM PLIMOTH PLANTATION

The preceding photographs illustrating modern reconstructions of things familiar to the Pilgrims were generously provided by Plimoth Plantation, in Plymouth, Massachusetts. The Plantation includes full-scale replicas of the _Mayflower_, the shallop, and the original settlement, much as they probably looked in 1627. During that year the first census was recorded and the herd which had been owned in common was divided. Records kept by administrators of the colony tell where the various houses were located, how much land was alloted to each household, and other relevant information. Historical research in such documents has been supplemented by archeological excavation to yield clues which allow plausible reconstruction. With such full-scale exhibitions, and through a continuing program of research and publication, this non-profit organization attempts to foster better public understanding of the adventure of the Pilgrims, which was first recounted in _Mourt’s Relation_.

THE AMERICAN EXPERIENCE SERIES

[Illustration: THE AMERICAN EXPERIENCE SERIES]

AE 1 THE NARRATIVE OF COLONEL ETHAN ALLEN. Revolutionary War experiences of the “Hero of Fort Ticonderoga.” Introduction by Brooke Handle. AE 2 JOHN WOLLMAN’S JOURNAL _and_ A PLEA FOR THE POOR. The spiritual autobiography of the great Colonial Quaker. Introduction by F. B. Tolles. EA 3 THE LIFE OF MRS. MARY JEMISON by James E. Seaver. The famous Indian captivity narrative of the “White Woman of the Genesee.” Introduction by Allen W. Trelease. AE 4 BROOK FARM by Lindsay Swift. America’s most unusual experiment in establishing the ideal society during the Transcendentalist 1840’s. Introduction by Joseph Schiffman. AE 5 FOUR VOYAGES TO THE NEW WORLD by Christopher Columbus. Selected letters and documents, translated and edited by R. H. Major. Bi-lingual text. Introduction by John E. Fagg. AE 6 JOURNALS OF MAJOR ROBERT ROGERS. Frontier campaigning by Rogers’ Rangers during the French and Indian Wars. Introduction by H. H. Peckham. AE 7 HARRIET TUBMAN, THE MOSES OF HER PEOPLE by Sarah Bradford. The heroic struggles of an ex-slave for her people. Introduction by B. A. Jones. AE 8 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE JERSEY PRISON SHIP by Albert Greene. The “Andersonville” of the Revolutionary War. Introduction by Lawrence H. Leder. AE 9 A NEW ENGLAND GIRLHOOD by Lucy Larcom. A classic memoir of life in pre-Civil War America. Introduction by Charles T. Davis. AE 10 AMERICAN COMMUNITIES by William Alfred Hinds. The 19th century utopias—Economy, Amana, Shakers, etc. Introduction by H. B. Parkes. AE 11 INTELLECTUAL ORIGINS OF AMERICAN NATIONAL THOUGHT. Edited, with commentary, by Wilson Ober Clough. Pages from the books read by our founding fathers. Second, revised edition. AE 12 LEAGUE OF THE IROQUOIS by Lewis Henry Morgan. The first scientific account of an Indian tribe by the father of American ethnology. Illustrated. Introduction by William N. Fenton. AE 13 MY CAPTIVITY AMONG THE SIOUX INDIANS by Fanny Kelly. A pioneer woman’s harrowing story of frontier days. Introduction by Jules Zanger. AE 14 JOUTEL’S JOURNAL OF LA SALLE’S LAST VOYAGE. The exploration, 1684-7, that ended in La Salle’s murder. Introduction by Darrett B. Rutman. AE 15 THE DISCOVERY, SETTLEMENT AND PRESENT STATE OF KENTUCKE ... by John Filson. The historic post-Revolutionary account, with Daniel Boone’s memoir. Introduction by W. H. Masterson. AE 16 LIFE AND REMARKABLE ADVENTURES OF ISRAEL R. POTTER. The original story upon which Melville based his novel. Introduction by L. Kriegel. AE 17 EXCURSIONS by Henry David Thoreau. The famous first posthumous collection; “Walking,” the Emerson biography, etc. Introduction by L. Marx. AE 18 FATHER HENSON’S STORY OF HIS OWN LIFE. Autobiography of an escaped Negro slave in pre-Civil War years. Introduction by Walter Fisher. AE 19 MOURT’S RELATION, A JOURNAL OF THE PILGRIMS AT PLYMOUTH. The historic contemporary account. Edited, with introduction, by D. B. Heath. AE 20 MUTINY ON BOARD THE WHALESHIP GLOBE by William Lay and Cyrus M. Hussey. The original 1828 narrative. Introduction by Edouard Stackpole. AE 21 SHIPWRECK OF THE WHALESHIP ESSEX by Owen Chase. Including Herman Melville’s own notes, for “Moby Dick.” Introduction by B. R. McElderry, Jr.

“_One of the most exciting and promising new ventures in the field of paperback publishing is the American Experience Series now being brought out. These new and attractive editions of historic and relatively neglected titles fill out in a unique way some of the byways of our country’s past._” Robert R. Kirsch in THE LOS ANGELES TIMES

[Illustration: Back cover]

Transcriber’s Notes

—Silently corrected a few typos.

—Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook is public-domain in the country of publication.

—In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by _underscores_.