Part 19

Of the prospect of progress in philosophy, it would be rash to speak with confidence. Many of the traditional problems of philosophy, perhaps most of those which have interested a wider circle than that of technical students, do not appear to be soluble by scientific methods. Just as astronomy lost much of its human interest when it ceased to be astrology, so philosophy must lose in attractiveness as it grows less prodigal of promises. But to the large and still growing body of men engaged in the pursuit of science--men who hitherto, not without justification, have turned aside from philosophy with a certain contempt--the new method, successful already in such time-honoured problems as number, infinity, continuity, space and time, should make an appeal which the older methods have wholly failed to make. Physics, with its principle of relativity and its revolutionary investigations into the nature of matter, is feeling the need for that kind of novelty in fundamental hypotheses which scientific philosophy aims at facilitating. The one and only condition, I believe, which is necessary in order to secure for philosophy in the near future an achievement surpassing all that has hitherto been accomplished by philosophers, is the creation of a school of men with scientific training and philosophical interests, unhampered by the traditions of the past, and not misled by the literary methods of those who copy the ancients in all except their merits.

INDEX

Absolute, 6, 39.

Abstraction, principle of, 42, 124 ff.

Achilles, Zeno's argument of, 173.

Acquaintance, 25, 144.

Activity, 224 ff.

Allman, 161 n.

Analysis, 185, 204, 211, 241. legitimacy of, 150.

Anaximander, 3.

Antinomies, Kant's, 155 ff.

Aquinas, 10.

Aristotle, 40, 160 n., 161 ff., 240.

Arrow, Zeno's argument of, 173.

Assertion, 52.

Atomism, logical, 4.

Atomists, 160.

Belief, 58. primitive and derivative, 69 ff.

Bergson, 4, 11, 13, 20 ff., 137, 138, 150, 158, 165, 174, 178, 229 ff.

Berkeley, 63, 64, 102.

Bolzano, 165.

Boole, 40.

Bradley, 6, 39, 165.

Broad, 172 n.

Brochard, 169 n.

Burnet, 19 n., 160 n., 161 n., 170 n., 171 ff.

Calderon, 95.

Cantor, vi, vii, 155, 165, 190, 194, 199.

Categories, 38.

Causal laws, 109, 212 ff. evidence for, 216 ff. in psychology, 219.

Causation, 34 ff., 79, 212 ff. law of, 221. not _a priori_, 223, 232.

Cause, 220, 223.

Certainty, degrees of, 67, 68, 212.

Change, demands analysis, 151.

Cinematograph, 148, 174.

Classes, 202. non-existence of, 205 ff.

Classical tradition, 3 ff., 58.

Complexity, 145, 157 ff.

Compulsion, 229, 233 ff.

Congruence, 195.

Consecutiveness, 134.

Conservation, 105.

Constituents of facts, 51, 145.

Construction _v._ inference, iv.

Contemporaries, initial, 119, 120 n.

Continuity, 64, 129 ff., 141 ff., 155 ff. of change, 106, 108, 130 ff.

Correlation of mental and physical, 233.

Counting, 164, 181, 187 ff., 203.

Couturat, 40 n.

Dante, 10.

Darwin, 4, 11, 23, 30.

Data, 65 ff., 211. "hard" and "soft," 70 ff.

Dates, 117.

Definition, 204.

Descartes, 5, 73, 238.

Descriptions, 201, 214.

Desire, 227, 235.

Determinism, 233.

Doubt, 237.

Dreams, 85, 93.

Duration, 146, 149.

Earlier and later, 116.

Effect, 220.

Eleatics, 19.

Empiricism, 37, 222.

Enclosure, 114 ff., 120.

Enumeration, 202.

Euclid, 160, 164.

Evellin, 169.

Evolutionism, 4, 11 ff.

Extension, 146, 149.

External world, knowledge of, 63 ff.

Fact, 51. atomic, 52.

Finalism, 13.

Form, logical, 42 ff., 185, 208.

Fractions, 132, 179.

Free will, 213, 227 ff.

Frege, 5, 40, 199 ff.

Galileo, 4, 59, 192, 194, 239, 240.

Gaye, 169 n., 175, 177.

Geometry, 5.

Giles, 206 n.

Greater and less, 195.

Harvard, 4.

Hegel, 3, 37 ff., 46, 166.

"Here," 73, 92.

Hereditary properties, 195.

Hippasos, 163, 237.

Hui Tzu, 206.

Hume, 217, 221.

Hypotheses in philosophy, 239.

Illusions, 85.

Incommensurables, 162 ff., 237.

Independence, 73, 74. causal and logical, 74, 75.

Indiscernibility, 141, 148.

Indivisibles, 160.

Induction, 34, 222. mathematical, 195 ff.

Inductiveness, 190, 195 ff.

Inference, 44, 54.

Infinite, vi, 64, 133, 149. historically considered, 155 ff. "true," 179, 180. positive theory of, 185 ff.

Infinitesimals, 135.

Instants, 116 ff., 129, 151, 216. defined, 118.

Instinct _v._ Reason, 20 ff.

Intellect, 22 ff.

Intelligence, how displayed by friends, 93. inadequacy of display, 96.

Interpretation, 144.

James, 4, 10, 13.

Jourdain, 165 n.

Jowett, 167.

Judgment, 58.

Kant, 3, 112, 116, 155 ff., 200.

Knowledge about, 144.

Language, bad, 82, 135.

Laplace, 12.

Laws of nature, 218 ff.

Leibniz, 13, 40, 87, 186, 191.

Logic, 201. analytic not constructive, 8. Aristotelian, 5. and fact, 53. inductive, 34, 222. mathematical, vi, 40 ff. mystical, 46. and philosophy, 8, 33 ff., 239.

Logical constants, 208, 213.

Mach, 123, 224.

Macran, 39 n.

Mathematics, 40, 57.

Matter, 75, 101 ff. permanence of, 102 ff.

Measurement, 164.

Memory, 230, 234, 236.

Method, deductive, 5. logical-analytic, v, 65, 211, 236 ff.

Milhaud, 168 n., 169 n.

Mill, 34, 200.

Montaigne, 28.

Motion, 130, 216. continuous, 133, 136. mathematical theory of, 133. perception of, 137 ff. Zeno's arguments on, 168 ff.

Mysticism, 19, 46, 63, 95.

Newton, 30, 146.

Nietzsche, 10, 11.

Noel, 169.

Number, cardinal, 131, 186 ff. defined, 199 ff. finite, 160, 190 ff. inductive, 197. infinite, 178, 180, 188 ff., 197. reflexive, 190 ff.

Occam, 107, 146.

One and many, 167, 170.

Order, 131.

Parmenides, 63, 165 ff., 178.

Past and future, 224, 234 ff.

Peano, 40.

Perspectives, 88 ff., 111.

Philoponus, 171 n.

Philosophy and ethics, 26 ff. and mathematics, 185 ff. province of, 17, 26, 185, 236. scientific, 11, 16, 18, 29, 236 ff.

Physics, 101 ff., 147, 239, 242. descriptive, 224. verifiability of, 81, 110.

Place, 86, 90. _at_ and _from_, 92.

Plato, 4, 19, 27, 46, 63, 165 n., 166, 167.

Poincare, 123, 141.

Points, 113 ff., 129, 158. definition of, vi, 115.

Pragmatism, 11.

Prantl, 174.

Predictability, 229 ff.

Premisses, 211.

Probability, 36.

Propositions, 52. atomic, 52. general, 55. molecular, 54.

Pythagoras, 19, 160 ff., 237.

Race-course, Zeno's argument of, 171 ff.

Realism, new, 6.

Reflexiveness, 190 ff.

Relations, 45. asymmetrical, 47. Bradley's reasons against, 6. external, 150. intransitive, 48. multiple, 50. one-one, 203. reality of, 49. symmetrical, 47, 124. transitive, 48, 124.

Relativity, 103, 242.

Repetitions, 230 ff.

Rest, 136.

Ritter and Preller, 161 n.

Robertson, D. S., 160 n.

Rousseau, 20.

Royce, 50.

Santayana, 46.

Scepticism, 66, 67.

Seeing double, 86.

Self, 73.

Sensation, 25, 75, 123. and stimulus, 139.

Sense-data, 56, 63, 67, 75, 110, 141, 143, 213. and physics, v, 64, 81, 97, 101 ff., 140. infinitely numerous? 149, 159.

Sense-perception, 53.

Series, 49. compact, 132, 142, 178. continuous, 131, 132.

Sigwart, 187.

Simplicius, 170 n.

Simultaneity, 116.

Space, 73, 88, 103, 112 ff., 130. absolute and relative, 146, 159. antinomies of, 155 ff. perception of, 68. of perspectives, 88 ff. private, 89, 90. of touch and sight, 78, 113.

Spencer, 4, 12, 236.

Spinoza, 46, 166.

Stadium, Zeno's argument of, 134 n., 175 ff.

Subject-predicate, 45.

Synthesis, 157, 185.

Tannery, Paul, 169 n.

Teleology, 223.

Testimony, 67, 72, 82, 87, 96, 212.

Thales, 3.

Thing-in-itself, 75, 84.

Things, 89 ff., 104 ff., 213.

Time, 103, 116 ff., 130, 155 ff., 166, 215. absolute or relative, 146. local, 103. private, 121.

Uniformities, 217.

Unity, organic, 9.

Universal and particular, 39 n.

Volition, 223 ff.

Whitehead, vi, 207.

Wittgenstein, vii, 208 n.

Worlds, actual and ideal, 111. possible, 186. private, 88.

Zeller, 173.

Zeno, 129, 134, 136, 165 ff.

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[ Transcriber's Note:

The following is a list of corrections made to the original. The first line is the original line, the second the corrected one.

Second Impression Second Impression.

more often than the impossibility of alternatives which seemed _prima more often than the impossibility of alternatives which seemed _prima

with it. We will call these the "initial contemporaries of the given with it. We will call these the "initial contemporaries" of the given

the next are liable to fail when we come to infinite number. The first the next are liable to fail when we come to infinite numbers. The first

of psychology or an outcome of pscyhical processes as the North Sea.... of psychology or an outcome of psychical processes as the North Sea....

according to the length and direction of the interval. "A quarter of a according to the length and direction of the interval. "A quarter of an

Intelligence, how displayed by friends, 93 Intelligence, how displayed by friends, 93.

Number, cardinal, 131 186 ff. Number, cardinal, 131, 186 ff.

]