Part 13

Robert Lord Clive, b. 1725, in service of the East India Company, defeated Siraj-ed-dawleh (Surajah Dowlah), Nawab (Nabob) of Bengal, at Plassey, 23 June, 1757; Governor and Commander-in-chief in Bengal 1764—67; d. 1774.

GEORGE III 1760—1820.

514. Marriage, 1761. _Obv._ Busts of King and Queen, as Greek Sovereigns, jugate r. GEORG. III. SOPH. CAROL. M. B. F. ET H. REX ET REGINA; on shoulder, A. _Rev._ Britannia burning incense at tripod, and holding staff with cap of Liberty; in the distance, ship. VOTA BRITANNIÆ; in ex., FELICI VINCULO IUNCTI. D. X. SEPT. MDCCLXI. Gold. Size 1·65. By J. Abraham.[34]

[34] Jakob Abraham, b. 1723, at Strelitz, was appointed Engraver to the Prussian Mint, an office which he held for over 50 years. He died about the year 1800.

George III. married, 8 Sep. 1761, Sophia Charlotte, dau. of the Duke of Mecklenburg Strelitz. The date is incorrectly given on the medal.

515. Coronation, 1761. _Obv._ Bust of King r., laur., in armour, and cloak. GEORGIVS III. D. G. M. BRI. FRA. ET HIB. REX F. D.; on arm, L. N. _Rev._ King in Roman dress, laur., seated l., crowned by Britannia; at her side, shield and trident; on r., lion with orb. PATRIAE OVANTI; in ex., CORON. XXII. SEPT. MDCCLXI. L. N. Gold. Size 1·3. By J. L. Natter.[35]

[35] Johann Lorenz Natter, a native of Biberach, Württemberg, settled early at Florence, where he worked for the Grand Duke, and also under the patronage of Baron Stosch, a famous collector of ancient gems, for whom he executed intagli in imitation of the antique. It is also said that he interpolated names on antique gems. From Florence he emigrated to London, where he was liberally patronised by the Duke of Devonshire and the Duke of Marlborough, and was appointed Assistant Engraver to the Mint. Soon after the coronation of George III. he went to St. Petersburg, where he died in 1763.

George III., eldest son of Frederic Prince of Wales, succeeded to the throne 22 Oct. 1760. He was crowned 22 Sep. 1761.

516. Another. _Obv._ Bust of King l., in armour and cloak. GEORGIVS TERTIVS REX. _Rev._ Bust of Queen r., draped. CHARLOTTA BRITANNIÆ REGINA. NUPT. SEP. VIII. CORO. XXII. MDCCLXI. Silver. Size 1·6. By J. Kirk.

517. Seven Years' War: Peace of Paris, &c., 1763. _Obv._ Two military figures (Mars and Austria) conducting Prussia helmeted to Temple of Janus, surmounted by arms of Russia and ornamented with various shields; within temple, Neptune and Sol sacrificing; on step of temple, SVVM CVIQVE. ADES PAX ET TOTO MITIS IN ORBE MANE. MDCCLXIII. I. G. HOLTZHEY FEC. _Rev._ Latin inscription detailing treaties entered upon by the different Powers at the end of the Seven Years' War. Silver. Size 1·9. By J. G. Holtzhey.

The treaties which terminated the Seven Years' War were a compact between Russia and Prussia, 5 May, 1762; another between Prussia and Sweden, 22 May, 1762; another, called the Peace of Paris, between England, France, Spain, and Portugal, 10/16 Feb. 1763; and the last, called the Peace of Hubertsburg, between Austria, Prussia, and Saxony, 18 Feb. 1763.

518. Prosecution of the "North Briton," No. 45, 1763. _Obv._ Bust of Wilkes, three-quarters l., wearing robes of Lord Mayor. I. WILKES ESQ^R LORD MAYOR. 1774. _Rev._ Axe and jack-boot with head of Lord Bute. BRITONS STRIKE HOME. Copper. Size 1·7. Cast.

John Wilkes, Alderman of London and M.P. for Aylesbury, was imprisoned under a general warrant for a libel on the King's Speech published in the "North Briton," No. 45, 1763. General warrants being declared illegal, Wilkes was released. The head in the jack-boot was a rustic pun on the name of John Earl of Bute, Prime Minister 1762—3. The axe suggests treason. This medal was executed when Wilkes became Lord Mayor of London, 1774.

519. Captain Cook's Second Voyage, 1772. _Obv._ Head of King r., laur. GEORGE III. KING OF GR. BRITAIN FRANCE AND IRELAND ETC. B. F. _Rev._ Two ships on sea. RESOLVTION ADVENTVRE—SAILED FROM ENGLAND. MARCH. MDCCLXXII. Gold. Size 1·7. By Barnett.

In his second voyage round the world, Captain James Cook, the navigator (b. 1728; d. 1779), commanded the Resolution, and was accompanied by the Adventure. He left in March 1772, and, after visiting New Zealand and passing Cape Horne, returned in July 1774.

520. Another. _Obv._ Bust l., in naval uniform. IAC. COOK OCEANI INVESTIGATOR ACERRIMVS. REG. SOC. LOND. SOCIO SVO. L. P. F. _Rev._ Fortune l., leaning on rostral column, holding rudder on globe, and spear; near her, shield. NIL INTENTATVM NOSTRI LIQVERE. (Hor. Ep. ad Pis. 285); in ex., AVSPICIIS GEORGII III. Gold. Size 1·65. By L. Pingo.

On his return from his second voyage in 1774, Captain Cook was elected a member of the Royal Society, and in 1776 he received its Copley medal in gold for brilliant discoveries. This medal is by Lewis Pingo, who for many years during the reign of George III. was Chief Engraver to the Royal Mint.

521. No Popery Riots, 1779—80. _Obv._ Bust of Lord George Gordon l., in broad-brimmed hat and coat. _Rev._ LORD GEORGE GORDON. 1780. Copper. Size 1·15.

In consequence of a Bill before Parliament to relieve Roman Catholics of certain penalties and disabilities, serious riots took place in Scotland and England, 1779—80. These riots were stimulated by the Protestant Association, of which Lord George Gordon was president.

522. American War: Paul Jones: Attacks on Scottish Coast, 1779. _Obv._ Bust of Paul Jones r., in naval uniform. JOANNI PAVLO JONES CLASSIS PRAEFECTO. COMITIA AMERICANA. DUPRÉ F. _Rev._ Naval engagement. HOSTIVM NAVIBVS CAPTIS AVT FVGATIS; in ex., AD ORAM SCOTIAE. XXIII. SEPT. MDCCLXXVIIII. DUPRÉ F. Copper. Size 2·2. By A. Dupré.[36]

[36] Augustin Dupré, a medallist of some note, was for some time chief engraver at the Paris mint.

In the autumn of 1779 Scotland was much alarmed by the daring exploits of Captain John Paul Jones, who in command of an American squadron attacked her coasts, captured numerous prizes, and even threatened Edinburgh. This medal records the capture, on 13 Sep. 1779, of the English frigate Serapis, Captain Pearson, by the Bon Homme Richard, commanded by Captain Paul Jones, to whom it was awarded, in gold.

523. Defeat of Royal Forces at Cowpens, 1781. _Obv._ English cavalry flying before American; Lieut.-Colonel Washington on horseback l., commanding; above, Victory with wreath and palms. GULIELMO WASHINGTON LEGIONIS EQUIT. PRÆFECTO; in ex., COMITIA AMERICAN, DU V. _Rev._ Within laurel-wreath, inscription in Latin, giving date of battle of Cowpens, XVII. JAN. MDCCLXXXI. &c. Copper. Size 2·8. By B. Du Vivier.[37]

[37] Benjamin Du Vivier, son of J. Du Vivier, the medallist, b. at Paris, 1730, was chief engraver to Louis XVI. He was afterwards employed by the French Republican Government. Died 1795.

On 17 Jan. 1781, Colonel Tarleton, who commanded the British troops, was defeated at a place called Cowpens by a force under General Morgan and Lieut.-Colonel Washington, nephew of the Commander-in-chief.

524. Prosecution of the War with America, 1781. _Obv._ Bust of King l., laur., in armour and cloak. GEORGIUS III. REX ANG. _Rev._ Lion l., bursting his bonds. INDOCILIS PATI; in ex., IN PERPET. MEMOR. MDCCLXXXI. Silver. Size 2·1.

This medal illustrates the determination of England to prosecute the war with America to the "bitter end." The independence of the Colonies was, however, acknowledged in the following year, 30 Nov. 1782, by the Treaty of Paris.

525. War with Holland: Capture of the Island of St. Eustatius, 1781. _Obv._ Bust of Admiral Rodney r., in naval uniform. G. B. RODNEY. _Rev._ Within oak-wreath, IN MEMORY OF THE GLORIOUS 3^{RD.} FEB^{RY.} 1781 WHEN S^R GEORGE PUNISH'D THE DUTCH &c. &c. Silver. Size 1·35.

Holland having formed a secret treaty with the United States, a declaration of war was proclaimed in London, and on 3 Feb. 1781 Admiral Sir George Rodney captured from the Dutch the rich Island of St. Eustatius, in the West Indies. It was recaptured by the French in the following year.

526. Action off Cadiz, 1781: Capture of the Castor. _Obv._ Ships on sea; one sinking. VIS VI FORTITER REPULSA; in ex., PROPE GADES. XXX. MAY. MDCCLXXXI. _Rev._ Trophy of three shields, arms of Holland and of the Dutch ships the Castor and Brill? surmounted by naval crown, anchors, and two flags inscribed, P. MELVILL NAVARCHUS, and G. OORTHUIS NAVARCH.; sun rising. ANTIQVA VIRTVTE DVVMVIRI; below, festoons with lion's head in centre. I. G. HOLTZHEY FEC. Silver. Size 1·75. By J. G. Holtzhey.

This medal commemorates the action on 30 May, 1781, between the English ships, the Flora and Crescent, and the Dutch ships, the Castor and Brill. The fight ended in the capture of the Castor, commanded by Capt. Melvill. Capt. Oorthuis commanded the Brill.

527. Action off Dogger Bank, 1781. _Obv._ Victory r., holding wreath and palm, on prow inscribed, DOGGERS BANK—PAX QVAERITVR BELLO. V. AVG. MDCCLXXXI. S. _Rev._ Within laurel-wreath, EXIMIAE VIRTVTIS PRAEMIVM; around, MVNIFICENTIA PRINCIPIS AVRIACI. Gold. Size 1·4; with ring for suspension.

This medal was executed by order of the Prince of Orange to commemorate the action off Dogger Bank, 5 Aug. 1781, between the English fleet under Admiral Sir Hyde Parker and the Dutch under Admiral Zoutman. Both sides fought with the determination of former days, but neither obtained any actual advantage.

528. War with Spain: Siege of Gibraltar, 1782. _Obv._ View of Gibraltar besieged. PER TOT DISCRIMINA RERUM. (Virg. Aen. i. 208); XIII. SEPT. MDCCLXXXII. _Rev._ Within laurel-wreath, REDEN, LAMOTTE, SYDOW, ELIOTT; around, BRUDERSCHAFT. L. PINGO F. Gold. Size 1·9. By L. Pingo.

Gibraltar had suffered a siege of three years, when the Spaniards determined to make a supreme effort to capture the place by means of floating batteries constructed by the French engineer D'Arcon. The great attack was made 13 Sep. 1782, but failed, the batteries being totally destroyed by red-hot cannon balls. The fortress was defended by General Elliot, who ordered this medal to be struck for presentation to the Hanoverian Brigade, which took part in the defence.

529. General Elliot. Defender of Gibraltar, 1782. _Obv._ Bust l., in military uniform, wearing order of Garter. GEORGE AUGUSTUS ELIOTT GOVERNOR OF GIBRALTAR. J. P. DROZ F. _Rev._ Hercules, with apples of the Hesperides and club, facing; beside him, pillar, another beyond, the sea between; in the distance, Gibraltar. FORTITER ET RECTE; in ex., XIII. SEPT. MDCCLXXXII. DROZ F. Copper. Size 2·35. By J. P. Droz.[38]

[38] Jean Pierre Droz, b. at Chaux de Fonds 1746, was a pupil of Du Vivier. He came to England about 1790, and was engaged by Boulton of Birmingham on a new copper coinage. Returning to Paris about 1807, he was appointed Director of the Mint, which post he resigned in 1814. Afterwards, under the direction of Vivant-Denon and Jeuffroy, he issued a large series of medals illustrating the great events of the Empire. In this work he employed a number of engravers. He died 1823.

General George Augustus Elliot, Lord Heathfield, born 1718, entered the army 1735; was present at Dettingen 1743; appointed Commander-in-chief in Ireland 1775, and soon afterwards Governor of Gibraltar, which he defended in the long siege from 1779 to 1783; created 1787 Lord Heathfield, Baron Gibraltar; died 1790. The rock of Calpe (Gibraltar) on the Spanish coast, with the opposite one of Abyla on the African coast, formed the renowned "Pillars of Hercules," so called from the myth that he tore asunder the mountain which closed the Straits.

530. Recovery of the King, 1789. _Obv._ Head of King r., laur. GEORGIVS III. MAGN. BR. FR. &c. _Rev._ West front of St. Paul's Cathedral. LÆTITIA CVM PIETATE.—DEO OPT. MAX. REX. PIENTISS. PRO SALVTE REST. V.S.L. M. AP. 23. 1789; edge inscribed. Gold. Size 2·1.

In 1788 the King was attacked with a violent illness, which terminated in symptoms of lunacy. He recovered in the following year, and a public thanksgiving was held at St. Paul's, 23 April, 1789. This medal was "struck by order of the Patrons of the anniversary meeting, who assembled with 5000 children on the happy event."

531. War with France: "Victory of the 1st June," 1794. _Obv._ Bust of Admiral Howe l., in naval uniform and cloak. RIC. COMES HOWE VICE-ADMIRALLUS ANGLIÆ &c. BARNETT. _Rev._ Neptune in sea-chariot l., presenting trident to Britannia, seated l. on rock; in background, Victory r. inscribing obelisk with names of Howe and the other commanders; ships in action. NON NOBIS SED PATRIÆ; in ex., MDCCXCIIII. 1^{ST.} JUNE. _Barnett._ Silver. Size 2·2. By Barnett.

On the 1st June, 1794, Admiral Lord Howe, who commanded the Channel Fleet, fell in with the French fleet off Brest, under Jean Bon St. André. After an hour's hard fighting Howe broke the enemy's line, capturing seven ships and sinking another. For this victory the Admiral received the thanks of Parliament, &c.

532. Marriage of George Prince of Wales with Caroline of Brunswick, 1795. _Obv._ Bust of Prince, three quarters r., in civilian's dress, wearing star of Garter; around, border of oak-leaves and ribbon inscribed, GEORGE PRINCE OF WALES, &c. _Rev._ Inscription with dates of birth of Prince, 12 Aug. 1762, and his marriage, 8 Apr. 1795. Silver. Size 1·8. By Whitley of Old Bond Street.

George (IV.) Prince of Wales mar. 8 April, 1795, Princess Caroline Amelia Elizabeth, dau. of the Duke of Brunswick.

533. Another. _Obv._ Busts of Prince and Princess jugate r. GEORGE PRINCE OF WALES ET CAROLINE PRINC.; on arm of Prince, C. H. K. _Rev._ FROGMORE. MAY 19^{TH} 1795; beneath, oak-branches crossing. SOHO. Silver. Size 1·85. By C. H. Küchler.

This medal was struck upon the occasion of the visit of the Prince and Princess to Frogmore after their marriage. C. H. Küchler, a native of Flanders, was employed by Boulton at the Soho Mint, Birmingham.

534. War with France: Defeat of French fleet off Port d'Orient by Admiral Hood, Lord Bridport, 1795. _Obv._ Bust of Hood r., in naval uniform. A. A. HOOD LORD BRIDPORT ADMIRAL OF THE WHITE, P. K; on arm, HANCOCK. _Rev._ Victory facing, holding naval crown and French flags, alighting on rock; in the distance, ships. Inscription giving number of ships engaged and captured; and in ex., 23^D JUNE 1795. Copper. Size 1·9. By J. G. Hancock.

On 23 June, 1795, a portion of the Channel fleet under Admiral Hood attacked a part of the Brest fleet under Vice-Admiral Villaret, off Port d'Orient. The enemy was obliged to seek shelter in their port, with the loss of three ships and 228 guns.

535. French Expedition to Bantry Bay, 1797. _Obv._ Within wreath, FRIENDLY ASSOCIATION. BANTRY GARRISON; in centre, crown. _Rev._ Ships in storm. AFFLAVIT DEUS ET DISSIPANTUR; in ex., JAN. MDCCXCVII. MOSSOP. Copper. Size 1·55. By W. Mossop.

After the successes of Bonaparte, the Directory determined to make a descent upon Ireland. The expedition, consisting of 17 sail of the line and 13 frigates and transports, conveying 20,000 men, set sail from Brest 19 Dec. 1796. The fleet was scattered by a severe storm, and only a few ships reached Bantry Bay 24 Dec., and these returned without making any attempt to land.

536. Engagement off Cape St. Vincent, 1797. _Obv._ Bust of Jervis l., in naval uniform, &c. JOHN JERVIS EARL OF S^T VINCENT ADMIRAL OF THE WHITE. BORN JANUARY 26 1735; on arm, HANCOCK. _Rev._ Spain seated r. on rock, weeping, leaning on shield; in the distance, naval battle. Inscription giving number of ships engaged and captured; and in ex., FEBRUARY 14. 1797. P. K. Copper. Size 1·9. By J. G. Hancock.

An alliance having been entered into between France, Spain, and Holland, a joint invasion of England was projected, and fleets were equipped at Brest, Cadiz, and the Texel. The attempt was fruitless in each case: the French fleet was dispersed at Bantry Bay (see No. 535); the Spanish fleet was defeated by Admiral Jervis off Cape St. Vincent, 14 Feb. 1797; and that of the Dutch by Admiral Duncan off Camperdown, 11 Oct. 1797. (See No. 537.) For the victory off Cape St. Vincent, Jervis was created Earl St. Vincent, &c.

537. Engagement off Camperdown, 1797. _Obv._ Bust of Duncan r., in naval uniform, wearing medal, &c. ADAM LORD VISCOUNT DUNCAN ADMIRAL OF THE WHITE. BORN JULY 1, 1731; on arm, HANCOCK; below, P. K. _Rev._ Sailor nailing English flag to mast-head. Inscription with date of engagement, OCTOBER 11. 1797, and number of ships engaged; in ex., HEROIC COURAGE PROTECTS THE BRITISH FLAG. HANCOCK. Copper. Size 1·9. By J. G. Hancock.

In this engagement with the Dutch fleet the English captured 12 ships of the line, three of which immediately sank. Admiral Duncan was created Viscount Duncan of Camperdown.

538. Another. _Obv._ Bust of Onslow, three-quarters l., in naval uniform and wearing medal. SIR RICHARD ONSLOW BART. ADMIRAL OF THE BLUE. BORN 23 JUNE 1741; on arm, HANCOCK. _Rev._ View of engagement, the fleets contending in line. SECOND IN COMMAND OCTO. 11. 1797; in ex., IN THE MONARCH OF 74 GUNS BROKE THE REAR OF THE DUTCH LINE & TOOK THE ADMIRALS SHIP. Copper. Size 1·9. By J. G. Hancock.

Admiral Sir Richard Onslow was second in command at the battle off Camperdown.

539. Victory of the Nile, 1798. _Obv._ Medallion with portrait of Nelson, held by Britannia l., standing on rock near sea; in her r. hand, laurel-branch; at her side, anchor. REAR ADMIRAL LORD NELSON OF THE NILE. C. H. K. _Rev._ English and French fleets drawn up in semicircle in Aboukir Bay. ALMIGHTY GOD HAS BLESSED HIS MAJESTY'S ARMS; in ex., VICTORY OF THE NILE. AUGUST 1. 1798. M. B. SOHO. C. H. KÜCHLER FEC. Edge engraved, FROM ALEX^Ṛ DAVISON ESQ^Ṛ S^Ṭ JAMES'S SQUARE. A TRIBUTE OF REGARD. Gold. Size 1·95. By C. H. Küchler.

In the battle of the Nile, which was fought in Aboukir Bay, 1 Aug. 1798, the French fleet which had conveyed Napoleon and his troops to Egypt was, with the exception of four vessels, either taken or destroyed by Admiral Nelson, who for this victory was raised to the peerage. This medal was presented by Mr. Davison to every officer and seaman engaged in the battle: in gold, to the admirals, commanders, and captains: in silver, to lieutenants and warrant officers; in bronze-gilt, to petty officers; and in bronze, to seamen and marines.

540. Attempted Assassination of the King, 1800. _Obv._ Bust of King l., in armour and cloak. GEORGIUS III. D. G. MAGN. BRIT. FR. &c. C. H. KÜCHLER F. _Rev._ Lighted altar, inscribed D. O. M.; above, radiate Eye. REGE INCOLUMI POPULUS LAETUS; in ex., A SICARIO SERVATUS. MAI. XV. MDCCC. Silver. Size 1·9. By C. H. Küchler.

On 15 May, 1800, an unsuccessful attempt was made by a discharged soldier, James Hadfield, to shoot the King, as he was entering his box at Drury Lane Theatre.

541. Union with Ireland, 1801. _Obv._ Bust of King l., in armour and cloak. GEORGIUS III. D. G. BRITANNIARUM REX FIDEI DEF. &c. C. H. K. _Rev._ Britannia and Hibernia, with their shields, &c., grasping right hands. JUNGUNTUR OPES FIRMATUR IMPERIUM; in ex., I. JAN. MDCCCI. C. H. KÜCHLER FC. Silver. Size 1·9. By C. H. Küchler.

By the Act of Union, 1 Jan. 1801, the parliaments and churches of England and Ireland were united, and freedom of trade was established.

542. War with France: Battle of Alexandria, 1801. _Obv._ Bust of Abercrombie facing, head l., in uniform. SIR RALPH ABERCROMBIE K.B. LIEUTENANT GENERAL. _Rev._ Britannia reclining, weeping at base of monument inscribed, WOUNDED MAR. 21. DIED MAR. 28. 1801; in the distance, battle. FRENCH DEFEATED. MAR. 21. 1801. Copper. Size 1·55.

At the battle of Alexandria, 21 March, 1801, the French under Menon were defeated by the English, who were commanded by Sir Ralph Abercrombie. Abercrombie was wounded in the action and expired seven days afterwards.

543. Peace of Amiens, 1802. _Obv._ King r., holding trident and shield, crowned by Victory with palm. REGNO PACEM OBTULIT; in ex., SUPER PACE RATA DIE 27. MARTII. HANCOCK. _Rev._ View of St. Paul's. DEO GLORIAM REFERT; in ex., PAX CELEBRATA DIE I. JUNII. MDCCCII.: K. & K. H. Silver-gilt. Size 1·9. By J. G. Hancock.

The Treaty of Amiens, concluded 27 Mar. 1802, between England, France, Spain, and Holland, restored peace to Europe. A public thanksgiving was held in England, 1st June following.

544. War with France and Spain: Victory of Trafalgar, 1805. _Obv._ Bust of Nelson l., in naval uniform. HORATIO VISCOUNT NELSON K.B. DUKE OF BRONTE &c.; on arm, C. H. K. _Rev._ Naval engagement. ENGLAND EXPECTS EVERY MAN WILL DO HIS DUTY; in ex., TRAFALGAR OCT^Ṛ 21. 1805. Edge engraved, TO THE HEROES OF TRAFALGAR. FROM M. BOULTON. Silver-gilt. Size 1·85. By C. H. Küchler.

At the battle of Trafalgar the French and Spanish fleets under Villeneuve and Gravina were defeated by the English under Nelson, who was killed in the action. Twenty of the enemy's ships struck, and Villeneuve and the two Spanish admirals and 20,000 prisoners fell into the hands of the victors. This medal was presented by Mr. Boulton to every officer and seaman engaged in the battle. It was issued in silver, bronze-gilt, bronze, and white metal.

545. Peninsular War: Battle of Talavera, 1809. _Obv._ Bust of Wellington r., in military uniform. ARTHUR DUKE OF WELLINGTON. MILLS F. MUDIE. _Rev._ Victory facing, head l., giving wreath to lion, but withholding another from eagle. BATTLE OF TALAVERA. 1809. LA FITTE. MUDIE D. Copper. Size 1·6. By Mills and Lafitte.

The battle of Talavera, 27 July, 1809, was the first of the great victories of Wellington in the Peninsula. The French were commanded by Joseph Bonaparte, Victor and Sebastiani, and the Allies by Wellington and Cuesta. For this victory Wellington, then Sir Arthur Wellesley, was raised to the peerage. This is one of the series of National Medals issued under the direction of James Mudie in 1820, "to commemorate the succession of victories achieved by British arms over Napoleon." A number of English and foreign artists were employed in the accomplishment of this work.

546. Lines of Torres Vedras, 1810—1811. _Obv._ Wellington in military dress, seated l. within tent, and studying map. FABIUS CUNCTATOR. PETIT F. _Rev._ Tagus reclining l.; behind, orange-tree and tents. LINES OF TORRES VEDRAS—THE ENGLISH ARMY ON THE TAGUS. 1810—1811. MUDIE D. DUBOIS F. Copper. Size 1·6. By Petit and Dubois.

After the battle of Busaco, Wellington retired for winter-quarters into the Lines of Torres Vedras, which he entered 8 Oct. 1810; a position which Massena, who commanded the "army of Portugal," found impregnable. Wellington is naturally compared to Fabius Cunctator, whose delays baffled Hannibal.

547. Battle of Salamanca and Entry into Madrid, 1812. _Obv._ Soldiers advancing r., towards mountains, up which ascend horsemen and military train, against whom Victory l. hurls lightnings. JULY XXII. MDCCCXII. SALAMANCA. MUDIE D. _Rev._ Wellington on horseback l., receiving garland from Spaniards. THE BRITISH ARMY ENTERS MADRID. AVG. XII. MDCCCXII. BRENET F. Copper. Size 1·6. By Brenet.

After the battle of Salamanca, in which Marmont was defeated by Wellington, the latter, hearing that Joseph Bonaparte was threatening his rear, turned upon him and pursued him to Madrid, which he entered 12 Aug. 1812. The French garrison surrendered, and 180 guns with 20,000 stand of arms were captured.

548. Victories up to Salamanca and Entry into Madrid, 1812. _Obv._ Head of Wellington l., bare. LIEUT. GEN. MARQUIS WELLINGTON K.B. &c. &c. MDCCCXII. T. WYON F. _Rev._ Column inscribed with names of victories, and ornamented with shields of England, Portugal, and Spain; around base, French arms and standard. ENTER'D MADRID AUGUST XII. P. W. F. Copper. Size 1·75. By T. and P. Wyon.[39]