book ii

, pp. 128-235.

[25] Pernambuco, one of the most important of the Portuguese colonies in Brazil, was founded early in the sixteenth century. It was captured and plundered in 1593 by the English, under Sir James Lancaster, and again seized by the Dutch in 1630; but the Portuguese drove out the Dutch in 1654, after which time Brazil remained in possession of Portugal, until the peaceful revolution of that colony, and the formation of the present republic.

[26] In the original, the order of these two letters is the reverse of that given here. Although the letter presented here first is undated, sufficient internal evidence attests that its date is earlier than the other letter, and that it is the duplicate of a letter sent by the ships of an earlier year.

[27] So in original; evidently an ironical comment.

[28] Our transcript reads "_gente Religiosissima_," "a most religious race," which is evidently intended for "_gente Belicosissima_."

[29] Colin, _Labor evangélica_, p. 159, in discussing the events of Fajardo's government of the islands says: "And inasmuch as there were many complaints of the annoyances imposed upon the Indians during Don Juan de Silva's term, because of the construction of so many and so great galleons, he was charged to moderate that, and to endeavor to give relief to the natives; in consequence of which, as soon as he had entered by the strait of San Bernardino, he ordered two galleons which he found on the stocks there to be reduced in size. During his entire government he was very favorable to the Indians, and relieved as many of their burdens as possible. Therefore they loved him as a father. He also favored particularly the progress of the Spanish community, endeavoring to get worthy soldiers to become citizens there--to whom, for that purpose, he granted encomiendas and offices. By that means the soldiers were reformed, and many daughters of Spaniards who were without protection were married."

[30] _Retraido_: one who has taken refuge in a sacred place.

[31] See this and other regulations concerning suits that affect auditors, in "Foundation of the Audiencia," _Vol_. V of this series.

[32] The reading of this and following legal quotations of this document are due to the kindly cooperation of Dr. Munroe Smith, of the School of Political Science of Columbia University; Mr. Joseph FitzGerald, of Mamaroneck, New York; and Rev. José Algué, S.J., of the Manila Observatory. The passages allow for the most part, of only conjecture, while some portions are unintelligible.

[33] Mr. FitzGerald conjectures that _ultra multa cum tiber farsnaci_ is equivalent to "many [passages, texts, authorities?] besides in Tiberius Farsnaci."

_Regni col[lectio]._ Possibly the citation is from the _Nueva Recopilación_ of 1567. In some contemporary Latin commentaries the _Nueva Recopilación_ is described as _Regiæ Constitutiones_; in others as _Collectio legum Hispania_.