Part 1
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+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |DISCLAIMER | | | |The articles published in the Annual Reports of the Northern Nut Growers| |Association are the findings and thoughts solely of the authors and are | |not to be construed as an endorsement by the Northern Nut Growers | |Association, its board of directors, or its members. No endorsement is | |intended for products mentioned, nor is criticism meant for products not| |mentioned. The laws and recommendations for pesticide application may | |have changed since the articles were written. It is always the pesticide| |applicator's responsibility, by law, to read and follow all current | |label directions for the specific pesticide being used. The discussion | |of specific nut tree cultivars and of specific techniques to grow nut | |trees that might have been successful in one area and at a particular | |time is not a guarantee that similar results will occur elsewhere. | +------------------------------------------------------------------------+
[Illustration]
NORTHERN
NUT GROWERS
ASSOCIATION
INCORPORATED
39th Annual Report
[Illustration]
CONVENTION AT NORRIS, TENN.
SEPTEMBER 13-15
1948
TABLE OF CONTENTS
_Fruiting Chinese Chestnut Branches_ (_Courtesy Dr. H. Reid Hunter_) 2
Officers and Committees 6
State and Foreign Vice-Presidents 7
Constitution 8
By-Laws 9
Proceedings of the Thirty-ninth Annual Convention 12 Address of Welcome--George F. Gant 12 Response--Dr. L. H. MacDaniels 14 President's Address--John Davidson 15 Secretary's Report--J. C. McDaniel 16 Treasurer's Report--D. C. Snyder 18 Other Business of the Association, Committee Election and Reports 19
The Development and Propagation of Blight Resistant Chestnut in West Virginia--Ralph H. Quick 26
The Present Status of the Chestnut in Virginia--R. C. Moore 31
Growing Chinese Chestnuts in Lee County, Alabama--G. S. Jones 34
Processed Chestnuts on the Market throughout the Year--J. C. Moore 38
Chestnut Growing in the Southeast--Max B. Hardy 41
_Mr. Hardy and Some Chestnuts Prepared for Storage_ 41
Marketing Chestnuts in the Pacific Coast--Carroll D. Bush 51
Chestnut Weevils and Their Control with DDT--E. R. Van Leeuwen 54
Diseases Affecting the Success of Tree Crop Plantings--G. F. Gravatt and Donald C. Stout 60
_Chinese x American Hybrid Chestnut Trees_ 62
_The Brooming Disease of Walnuts_ 64-65
_Trees Killed by the Persimmon Wilt_ 67
Round Table Discussion on Chestnut Problems--Spencer B. Chase, Presiding 69
Greetings from a Kentucky Nut--Dr. C. A. Moss 83
Nut Trees for West Tennessee--Aubrey Richards, M.D. 85
Marketing Black Walnuts as a Community Projects--Rev. Bernard Taylor 87
Experiences with Tree Crops in Meigs County, Tennessee--W. A. Shadow 88
Nut Hobbying in Eastern West Virginia--Wilbert M. Frye 91
A Look, "Backward and Forward" into Nut Growing in Kentucky--W. G. Tatum 93
Round Table Discussion on Judging Schedule for Black Walnuts--Dr. L. H. MacDaniels, Chairman 95
_Fruiting Black Walnut at Brooks, Alberta, Canada_ 103
Present Outlook for Honeylocust in the South--J. C. Moore 104
Possibilities of Filbert Growing in Virginia--E. L. Overholser 111
Filberts for Food and Looks in Kentucky--N. R. Elliott 116
J. F. Jones, Introducer of Many Nut Varieties--Clarence A. Reed 118
_J. F. Jones_ 118
_Mildred and Wesley Langdoc_ 125
The Value of Nut Trees in Tennessee--F. S. Chance 126
The Development and Filling of Nuts--H. L. Crane 130
The Grafted Curly Walnut as a Timber Tree--J. Ford Wilkinson 139
The Black Walnut Situation in Tennessee--George B. Shivery 142
Grafting Walnuts in Ohio--Sylvester Shessler 145
Grafting Walnuts in the Greenhouse--George L. Slate 146
Nut Investigations at the Pennsylvania State College--William S. Clarke, Jr. 148
Black Walnuts: A New Specialty at Renfro Valley--Tom Mullins 149
Marketing Black Walnut Kernels--F. J. McCauley 152
Production of Bacteria-Free Walnut Kernels--Roger W. Pease 157
Pecan Selection in Oklahoma--Dr. Frank B. Cross 160
Pecan Improvement Program for Southwestern Kentucky--W. W. Magill 164
Pecan Production in South Carolina--T. L. Senn 167
Preservation of Shelled Pecans by Drying and Hermetically Sealing--Hubert Harris 169
Follow-Up Studies on the 1946 Ohio Black Walnut Prize Winners--L. Walter Sherman 174
Final Business Session, Election of Officers, Reports of Committees 177
Odds and Ends--Dr. W. C. Deming 181
The Birth of a New Walnut Cracker--B. H. Thompson 183
Marketing of Black Walnuts in Arkansas--T. A. Winkleman 183
Further Notes on Nut Tree Guards for Pasture Plantings--Oliver D. Diller 184
_Wire Guard Around Young Chestnut Tree_ 185
A Pecan Orchard in Glouchester County, Virginia--Mrs. Selina L. Hopkins 186
Indiana Nut Shows Have Educational Value--W. B. Ward 188
_View of an Indiana Nut Exhibit_ 189
The Importance of Stock and Scion Relationship in Hickory and Walnut--Carl Weschcke 190
Progress with Nuts at Wolfeboro, New Hampshire--Matthew Lahti 195
Breeding Chestnuts in the New York City Area--Alfred Szego 196
Winter Injury to Nut Trees at Ithaca, New York, in the Fall and Winter of 1947-48--L. H. MacDaniels and Damon Boynton 199
What Came Through the Hard Winter in Ontario--George Hebden Corsan 201
Filberts Grow in Vermont--Joseph N. Collins 202
Report of Necrology Committee 203 Carl E. Schuster 203 Mrs. Laura Selden Ellwanger 204 M. M. Kaufman 205 Norman B. Ward 205
Attendance 206
Northern Nut Growers Association, Membership List 209
Exhibitors at the 39th Annual Meeting 222
Announcements 223
+Please Note: The membership list is in the back of this volume.+
OFFICERS OF THE ASSOCIATION 1949
_President_--H. F. Stoke, 1436 Watts Avenue, Roanoke, Virginia
_Vice-President_--Dr. L. H. MacDaniels, Dept. of Floriculture and Ornamental Horticulture, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
_Treasurer_--Sterling A. Smith, 630 West South Street, Vermilion, Ohio
_Secretary_--J. C. McDaniel, Tennessee Dept. of Agriculture, State Office Bldg., Nashville 3, Tennessee
_Directors_ include above officers _plus_: John Davidson, 234 E. Second Street, Xenia, Ohio; and Clarence A. Reed, 7309 Piney Branch Road, N. W., Washington 12, D.C.
_Dean_--Dr. W. C. Deming, 31 S. Highland, West Hartford 7, Connecticut
_Nominating Committee_--Dr. H. L. Crane, Harry R. Weber, Dr. William L. Rohrbacher, J. Ford Wilkinson, George L. Slate
EXECUTIVE APPOINTMENTS
_Press and Publications_--Editorial Section: Dr. Lewis E. Theiss, Dr. W. C. Deming, Dr. L. H. MacDaniels, C. A. Reed, Dr. A. S. Colby, George L. Slate, Dr. J., Russell Smith Publicity Section: Dr. J. Russell Smith, C. A. Reed, Dr. A. S. Colby, Carrol D. Bush, A. A. Bungart, J. C. McDaniel Printing Section: John Davidson, Harry R. Weber, J. C. McDaniel
_Program_--H. L. Crane, R. P. Allaman, George L. Slate, C. A. Reed, J. C. McDaniel, Raymond E. Silvis
_Place of Meeting_--Dr. A. S. Colby, J. F. Wilkinson, D. C. Snyder, Carl F. Walker, H. H. Corsan
_Varieties and Contests_--Spencer B. Chase, G. J. Korn, J. F. Wilkinson, Gilbert Becker, A. G. Hirschi, L. Walter Sherman, C. A. Reed, Dr. L. H. MacDaniels, Dr. J. Russell Smith Standards and Judging section of this committee: Dr. L. H. MacDaniels, Spencer B. Chase, C. A. Reed, Dr. J. Russell Smith
_Survey and Research_--R. E. Silvis, plus the state and foreign vice-presidents
_Membership_--Mrs. Harry Weber, Mrs. Blaine McCollum, Mrs. Stephen Bernath
_Exhibits_--R. P. Allaman, Carl Weschcke, Fayette Etter, A. G. Hirschi, G. J. Korn, J. F. Wilkinson, G. L. Smith, Seward Berhow, Royal Oakes, H. H. Corsan, G. H. Corsan
_Necrology_--Mrs. Herbert Negus, Mrs. Wm. Rohrbacher, Miss Jeannette F. Johns, Barbara Sly
_Audit_--Dr. Wm. Rohrbacher, E. P. Gerber, Raymond E. Silvis
_Finance_--Harry Weber, D. C. Snyder, Carl Weschcke, Sterling Smith
_Legal Advisers_--Sargent Wellman, Harry Weber
_Official Journal--American Fruit Grower_, 1370 Ontario St., Cleveland 13, Ohio
State and Foreign Vice-Presidents
Alabama LOVIC ORR
Alberta, Canada A. L. YOUNG
Arkansas A. C. HALE
British Columbia, Canada J. U. GELLATLY
California DR. THOMAS R. HAIG
Connecticut GEORGE D. PRATT, JR.
Delaware LEWIS WILKINS
Denmark COUNT F. M. KNUTH
District of Columbia GEORGE U. GRAFF
Ecuador, South America F. A. COLWELL
Florida C. A. AVANT
Georgia WM. J. WILSON
Idaho J. E. MCGORAN
Illinois ROYAL OAKES
Indiana FORD WALLICK
Iowa IRA M. KYHL
Kansas DR. CLYDE GRAY
Kentucky DR. C. A. MOSS
Manitoba, Canada A. H. YOUNG
Maryland BLAINE MCCOLLUM
Massachusetts I. W. SHORT
Mexico FEDERICO COMPEAN
Michigan GILBERT BECKER
Minnesota R. E. HODGSON
Mississippi JAMES R. MEYER
Missouri RALPH RICHTERKESSING
Nebraska GEORGE BRAND
New Hampshire MATTHEW LAHTI
New Jersey MRS. ALAN R. BUCKWALTER
New Mexico REV. TITUS GEHRING
New York GEORGE SALZER
North Carolina DR. R. T. DUNSTAN
North Dakota HOMER L. BRADLEY
Ohio A. A. BUNGART
Oklahoma A. G. HIRSCHI
Ontario, Canada G. H. CORSAN
Oregon HARRY L. PEARCY
Pennsylvania R. P. ALLAMAN
Prince Edward Island, Canada ROBERT SNAZELLE
Rhode Island PHILIP ALLEN
South Carolina JOHN T. BREGGER
South Dakota HERMAN RICHTER
Tennessee THOMAS G. ZARGER
Texas KAUFMAN FLORIDA
Utah HARLAN D. PETTERSON
Vermont A. W. ALDRICH
Virginia H. R. GIBBS
Washington CARROLL D. BUSH
West Virginia WILBERT M. FRYE
Wisconsin NORMAN KOELSCH
CONSTITUTION
of the
NORTHERN NUT GROWERS ASSOCIATION, INCORPORATED
(As read at the annual meeting, Guelph, Ontario, September 5, 1947, and adopted September 13, 1948, at Norris, Tennessee)
NAME
ARTICLE I. This Society shall be known as the Northern Nut Growers Association, Incorporated. It is strictly a non-profit organization.
PURPOSES
ARTICLE II. The purposes of this Association shall be to promote interest in the nut bearing plants; scientific research in their breeding and culture; standardization of varietal names the dissemination of information concerning the above and such other purposes as may advance the culture of nut bearing plants, particularly in the North Temperate Zone.
MEMBERS
ARTICLE III. Membership in this Association shall be open to all persons interested in supporting the purposes of the Association. Classes of members are as follows: Annual members, Contributing members, Life members, Honorary members, and Perpetual members. Applications for membership in the Association shall be presented to the secretary or the treasurer in writing, accompanied by the required dues.
OFFICERS
ARTICLE IV. The elected officers of this Association shall consist of a President, Vice-president, a Secretary and a Treasurer or a combined Secretary-treasurer as the Association may designate.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
ARTICLE V. The Board of Directors shall consist of six members of the Association who shall be the officers of the Association and the two preceding elected presidents. If the offices of Secretary and Treasurer are combined, the three past presidents shall serve on the Board of Directors.
There shall be a State Vice-president for each state, dependency, or country represented in the membership of the Association, who shall be appointed by the President.
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION
ARTICLE VI. This constitution may be amended by a two-thirds vote of the members present at any annual meeting, notice of such amendment having been read at the previous annual meeting, or copy of the proposed amendments having been mailed by the Secretary or by any member to each member thirty days before the date of the annual meeting.
BY-LAWS
(Revised and adopted at Norris, Tennessee, September 13, 1948)
SECTION I.--MEMBERSHIP
Classes of membership are defined as follows:
ARTICLE 1. _Annual members._ Persons who are interested in the purposes of the Association who pay annual dues of Three Dollars ($3.00).
ARTICLE 2. _Contributing members._ Persons who are interested in the purposes of the Association who pay annual dues of Ten Dollars ($10.00) or more.
ARTICLE 3. _Life members._ Persons who are interested in the purposes of the Association who contribute Seventy Five Dollars ($75.00) to its support and who shall, after such contribution, pay no annual dues.
ARTICLE 4. _Honorary members._ Those whom the Association has elected as honorary members in recognition of their achievements in the special fields of the Association and who shall pay no dues.
ARTICLE 5. _Perpetual members._ "Perpetual" membership is eligible to any one who leaves at least five hundred dollars to the Association and such membership on payment of said sum to the Association shall entitle the name of the deceased to be forever enrolled in the list of members as "Perpetual" with the words "In Memoriam" added thereto. Funds received therefor shall be invested by the Treasurer in interest bearing securities legal for trust funds in the District of Columbia. Only the interest shall be expended by the Association. When such funds are in the treasury the Treasurer shall be bonded. Provided: that in the event the Association becomes defunct or dissolves, then, in that event, the Treasurer shall turn over any funds held in his hands for this purpose for such uses, individuals or companies that the donor may designate at the time he makes the bequest of the donation.
SECTION II.--DUTIES OF OFFICERS
ARTICLE 1. The President shall preside at all meetings of the Association and Board of Directors, and may call meetings of the Board of Directors when he believes it to be to the best interests of the Association. He shall appoint the State Vice-presidents; the standing committees, except the Nominating Committee, and such special committees as the Association may authorize.
ARTICLE 2. Vice-president. In the absence of the President, the Vice-president shall perform the duties of the President.
ARTICLE 3. Secretary. The Secretary shall be the active executive officer of the Association. He shall conduct the correspondence relating to the Association's interests, assist in obtaining memberships and otherwise actively forward the interests of the Association, and report to the Annual Meeting and from time to time to meetings of the Board of Directors as they may request.
ARTICLE 4. Treasurer. The Treasurer shall receive and record memberships, receive and account for all moneys of the Association and shall pay all bills approved by the President or the Secretary. He shall give such security as the Board of Directors may require or may legally be required, shall invest life memberships or other funds as the Board of Directors may direct, subject to legal restrictions and in accordance with the law, and shall submit a verified account of receipts and disbursements to the Annual meeting and such current accounts as the Board of Directors may from time to time require. Before the final business session of the Annual Meeting of the Association, the accounts of the Treasurer shall be submitted for examination to the Auditing Committee appointed by the President at the opening session of the Annual Meeting.
ARTICLE 5. The Board of Directors shall manage the affairs of the Association between meetings. Four members, including at least two elected officers, shall be considered a quorum.
SECTION III.--ELECTIONS
ARTICLE 1. The Officers shall be elected at the Annual Meeting and hold office for one year beginning immediately following the close of the Annual Meeting.
ARTICLE 2. The Nominating Committee shall present a slate of officers on the first day of the Annual Meeting and the election shall take place at the closing session. Nominations for any office may be presented from the floor at the time the slate is presented or immediately preceding the election.
ARTICLE 3. For the purpose of nominating officers for the year 1949 and thereafter, a committee of five members shall be elected annually at the preceding Annual Meeting.
ARTICLE 4. A quorum at a regularly called Annual Meeting shall be fifteen (15) members and must include at least two of the elected officers.
ARTICLE 5. All classes of members whose dues are paid shall be eligible to vote and hold office.
SECTION IV.--FINANCIAL MATTERS
ARTICLE 1. The fiscal year of the Association shall extend from October 1st through the following September 30th. All annual memberships shall begin October 1st.
ARTICLE 2. The names of all members whose dues have not been paid by January 1st shall be dropped from the rolls of the Society. Notices of non-payment of dues will be mailed to delinquent members on or about December 1st.
ARTICLE 3. The Annual Report shall be sent to only those members who have paid their dues for the current year. Members whose dues have not been paid by January 1st shall be considered delinquent. They will not be entitled to receive the publication or other benefits of the Association until dues are paid.
SECTION V.--MEETINGS
ARTICLE 1. The place and time of the Annual Meeting shall be selected by the membership in session or, in the event of no selection being made at this time, the Board of Directors shall choose the place and time for the holding of the annual convention. Such other meetings as may seem desirable may be called by the President and Board of Directors.
SECTION VI.--PUBLICATIONS
ARTICLE 1. The Association shall publish a report each fiscal year and such other publications as may be authorized by the Association.
ARTICLE 2. The publishing of the report shall be the responsibility of the Committee on Publications.
SECTION VII.--AWARDS
ARTICLE 1. The Association may provide suitable awards for outstanding contributions to the cultivation of nut bearing plants and suitable recognition for meritorious exhibits as may be appropriate.
SECTION VIII.--STANDING COMMITTEES
As soon as practicable after the Annual Meeting of the Association, the President shall appoint the following standing committees:
1. Membership 2. Auditing 3. Publications 4. Survey 5. Program 6. Research 7. Exhibit 8. Varieties and Contests
SECTION IX.--REGIONAL GROUPS AND AFFILIATED SOCIETIES
ARTICLE 1. The Association shall encourage the formation of regional groups of its members, who may elect their own officers and organize their own local field days and other programs. They may publish their proceedings and selected papers in the yearbooks of the parent society subject to review of the Association's Committee on Publications.
ARTICLE 2. Any independent regional association of nut growers may affiliate with the Northern Nut Growers Association provided one-fourth of its members are also members of the Northern Nut Growers Association. Such affiliated societies shall pay an annual affiliation fee of $3.00 to the Northern Nut Growers Association. Papers presented at the meetings of the regional society may be published in the proceedings of the parent society subject to review of the Association's Committee on Publications.
SECTION X.--AMENDMENTS TO BY-LAWS
ARTICLE 1. These by-laws may be amended at any Annual Meeting by a two-thirds vote of the members present provided such amendments shall have been submitted to the membership in writing at least thirty days prior to that meeting.
PROCEEDINGS of the Thirty-ninth Annual Convention of the Northern Nut Growers Association, Inc.
Meeting at NORRIS, TENNESSEE SEPTEMBER 13-15, 1948
The meeting was called to order by President John Davidson at 8:45 o'clock, a. m.
Address of Welcome
GEORGE F. GANT, General Manager, Tennessee Valley Authority, Knoxville, Tennessee
Mr. President, ladies and gentlemen: It is a distinct pleasure to welcome you to Norris and to the Tennessee Valley. You have had very fine weather here, and we hope that you will enjoy the climate and the scenery and the fishing and the pleasures of this part of the country during your short stay.
The Northern Nut Growers Association is a much older organization than I had thought, and it is much older than the Tennessee Valley Authority, but a review of some of the things, you have done and some of the interests you have expressed from time to time indicate that we have many interests in common, your organization and the TVA.
You are concerned with experimentation of new and better ways of growing tree crops. You are concerned with the environment in which tree crops must find a place in our economy and in our culture, because, as I understand it, your interest goes beyond mere economics to the full use of trees.
Now, the Tennessee Valley Authority is likewise concerned with experimentation. As a matter of fact, it is an experiment, a new and different way of achieving a better use of natural resources.
There is nothing new in what the TVA does. There are no activities conducted by TVA that have not been or are not being conducted by other agencies all over the country and which have been conducted by Federal agencies for many, many years. The TVA has no new regulatory or coercive functions. As a matter of fact, the TVA has no coercive functions. It has no new or unique or different governmental functions. There is only one thing that is different about TVA, and that is the way in which it approaches the job of resource use on an overall basis.
Now, I might illustrate that by referring to the construction of dams and reservoirs. In the Tennessee Valley the TVA builds dams and reservoirs to prevent floods, to produce a navigable channel, to produce power, and in its reservoirs it also has the responsibility of achieving the best uses of reservoirs and reservoir lands in the interests of fish and wild life, in the interests of recreation, and in the interests of malaria control.
Now, the unique fact here is not that these things are going on or being done, at least in part, through a Federal agency, but that one Federal agency is responsible for achieving a balance between all of these activities and with the administrative responsibility for doing that. In other efforts the situation is different, with as many as eight agencies having something to do with the development of some one of these activities in a way which might or might not be integrated.
Now, the second illustration, I think, is that unity can be accomplished only if all of the agencies which are concerned with the use of resources have an environment in which they can work effectively. The Federal Government is not and should not in the Tennessee Valley be developing all of these resources itself. It feels that the unified development of the resources depends upon the participation of the people of the Tennessee Valley and their institutions, the local and the state agencies. There can't be unity any more if local agencies are conducting one program and a Federal agency conducting another program, than there can be if several Federal agencies are conducting several programs.
Consequently, the Tennessee Valley Authority, except for the operation of these huge new facilities which have been added to the resources of the Tennessee Valley, conducts its activities in collaboration with local and state agencies. That not only avoids the expense of duplication, but it achieves the collaboration, the participation, the active interest of the people in getting a full job done.
That is true in the field of forestry. Forestry has a particular role in the Tennessee Valley. First of all, the TVA is concerned with the effective use and control of water, not only in the river channel itself, but on the land. Forestry, together with engineering and agriculture, must come together, not only come together within the administrative framework of TVA, but within the framework of what our colleges and state departments are doing and with what the land owners are doing in these watersheds.
Further than that, the TVA is fully aware that watershed protection cannot be achieved except within the economy of the region. That means that the best use of forest lands from the economic point of view, from the productive point of view, as well as from the conservation point of view, must be taken into account.
For these reasons the TVA is concerned not only with multiple-purpose dams, but with multiple-purpose land use. These activities are not conducted directly by TVA, but in cooperation with the land grant colleges and with the appropriate state departments.
I think and I hope that as you review the several activities which are going on in the Tennessee Valley area that you will keep these characteristics of TVA in mind. We are very happy to have you here. I hope that many of you will be able to extend your visit or to come back and see us another time.
* * * * *
President John Davidson: I am personally very glad to have heard this talk. I know quite a bit more about the fundamental principles of the work underlying TVA than I did before.
Dr. MacDaniels, will you say a word on behalf of the Association?
+Response+