Part 20

=Harefoot= (_Harold_). So Harold I. was called because he was swift of foot as a hare (1035-1040).

=Hargrave=, a man of fashion. The hero and title of a novel by Mrs. Trollope (1843).

=Harley=, “the man of feeling.” A man of the finest sensibilities and unbounded benevolence, but bashful as a maiden.—Mackenzie, _The Man of Feeling_ (1771).

The principal object of Mackenzie is ... to reach and sustain a tone of moral pathos by representing the effect of incidents ... upon the human mind, ... especially those which are just, honorable, and intelligent.—Sir W. Scott.

=Harlot= (_The Infamous Northern_), Elizabeth Petrowna, empress of Russia (1709-1761).

=Har´lowe= (_Clarissa_), a young lady, who, to avoid a marriage to which her heart cannot consent, but to which she is urged by her parents, casts herself on the protection of a lover, who most scandalously abuses the confidence reposed in him. He afterwards proposes marriage; but she rejects his proposal, and retires to a solitary dwelling, where she pines to death with grief and shame.—S. Richardson, _The History of Clarissa Harlowe_ (1749).

The dignity of Clarissa under her disgrace ... reminds us of the saying of the ancient poet, that a good man struggling with the tide of adversity, and surmounting it, is a sight upon which the immortal gods might look down with pleasure.—Sir W. Scott.

The moral elevation of this heroine, the saintly purity which she preserves amidst scenes of the deepest depravity and the most seductive gaiety, and the never-failing sweetness and benevolence of her temper, render Clarissa one of the brightest triumphs of the whole range of imaginative literature.—Chambers, _English Literature_, ii. 161.

=Harmon= (_John_), _alias_ JOHN ROKESMITH, Mr. Boffin’s secretary. He lodged with the Wilfers, and ultimately married Bella Wilfer. He is described as “a dark gentleman, 30 at the utmost, with an expressive, one might say, a handsome face.”—C. Dickens, _Our Mutual Friend_ (1864).

⁂ For explanation of the mystery see vol. I. ii. 13.

=Harmo´nia’s Necklace=, an unlucky possession, something which brings evil to its possessor. Harmonia was the daughter of Mars and Venus. On the day of her marriage with King Cadmus, she received a necklace made by Vulcan for Venus. This unlucky ornament afterwards passed to Sem´elê, then to Jocasta, then Eriphy´lê, but it was equally fatal in every case. (See LUCK.)—Ovid, _Metaph._, iv. 5; Statius, _Thebaid_, ii.

=Harmonious Blacksmith.= It is said that the sound of hammers on an anvil suggested to Handel the “theme” of the musical composition to which he has given this name.—See SCHOELCHER, _Life of Handel_, 65.

A similar tale is told of Pythagoras.

=Harmony= (_Mr._), a general peace-maker. When he found persons at variance, he went to them separately, and told them how highly the other spoke and thought of him or her. If it were man and wife, he would tell the wife how highly her husband esteemed her, and would apply the “oiled feather” in a similar way to the husband. “We all have our faults,” he would say, “and So-and-so-knows it, and grieves at his infirmity of temper; but though he contends with you, he praised you to me this morning in the highest terms.” By this means he succeeded in smoothing many a ruffled mind.—Inchbald, _Every One has His Fault_ (1794).

=Harold= “the Dauntless,” son of Witikind, the Dane. “He was rocked on a buckler, and fed from a blade.” Harold married Eivir, a Danish maid, who had waited on him as a page.—Sir W. Scott, _Harold the Dauntless_ (1817).

_Harold_ (_Childe_), a man of good birth, lofty bearing, and peerless intellect, who has exhausted by dissipation the pleasures of youth, and travels. Sir Walter Scott calls him “Lord Byron in a fancy dress.” In canto i. the childe visits Portugal and Spain (1809); in canto ii., Turkey in Europe (1810); in canto iii., Belgium and Switzerland (1816); in canto iv., Venice, Rome, and Florence (1817).

⁂ Lord Byron was only 21 when he began _Childe Harold_, and 28 when he finished it.

=Haroun-al-Raschid=, caliph, of the Abbasside race, contemporary with Charlemagne, and, like him, a patron of literature and the arts. The court of this caliph was most splendid, and under him the caliphate attained its greatest degree of prosperity (765-809).

⁂ Many of the tales in the _Arabian Nights_ are placed in the caliphate of Haroun-al-Raschid, as the histories of “Am´inê,” “Sindbad the Sailor,” “Aboul-hasson and Shemselnihar,” “Noureddin,” “Codadad and his Brothers,” “Sleeper Awakened,” and “Cogia Hassan.” In the the third of these the caliph is a principal actor.

=Har´pagon=, the miser, father of Cléante (_2 syl._) and Elise (_2 syl._). Both Harpagon and his son desire to marry Mariane (_3 syl._); but the father, having lost a casket of money, is asked which he prefers—his casket or Mariane, and as the miser prefers the money, Cléante marries the lady. Harpagon imagines that every one is going to rob him, and when he loses his casket, seizes his own arm in the frenzy of passion. He proposes to give his daughter in marriage to an old man named Anselme, because no “dot” will be required; and when Valère (who is Elise’s lover) urges reason after reason against the unnatural alliance, the miser makes but one reply, “sans dot.” “Ah,” says Valère, “il est vrai cela ferme la bouche à tout, _sans dot_.” Harpagon, at another time, solicits Jacques (_1 syl._) to tell him what folks say of him: and when Jacques replies he cannot do so, as it would make him angry, the miser answers, “Point de tout, au contraire, c’est me faire plaisir.” But when told that he is called a miser and a skinflint, he towers with rage, and beats Jacques in his uncontrolled passion.

“Le seigneur Harpagon est de tous les humains l’humain le moins humain, le mortel de tous les mortels le plus dur et le plus serré” (ii. 5). Jacques says to him, “Jamais on ne parle de vous que sous les noms d’avare, de ladre, de vilain, et de fesse-Matthiæ” (iii. 5).—Molière, _L’Avare_ (1667).

=Harpax=, centurion of the “Immortal Guard.”—Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus).

=Harpê= (_2 syl._), the cutlass with which Mercury killed Argus, and with which Perseus (_2 syl._) subsequently cut off the head of Medusa.

=Harper=, a familiar spirit of mediæval demonology.

Harper cries, “’Tis time, ’tis time!” Shakespeare, _Macbeth_, act iv. sc. 1 (1606).

=Harpoc´rates= (_4 syl._), the god of silence. Cupid bribed him with a rose not to divulge the amours of Venus. Harpocratês is generally represented with his second finger on his mouth.

He also symbolized the sun at the end of winter, and is represented with a cornucopia in one hand and a lotus in the other. The lotus is dedicated to the sun, because it opens at sunrise and closes at sunset.

I assured my mistress she might make herself quite easy on that score [i.e. _my making mention of what was told me_], for I was the Harpocrates of trusty valets.—Lesage, _Gil Blas_, iv. 2 (1724).

=Harriet=, the elder daughter of Sir David and Lady Dunder, of Dunder Hall. She was in love with Scruple, whom she accidentally met at Calais; but her parents arranged that she should marry Lord Snolts, a stumpy, “gummy” old nobleman of five-and-forty. To prevent this hateful marriage, Harriet consented to elope with Scruple; but the flight was intercepted by Sir David, who, to prevent a scandal, consented to the marriage, and discovered that Scruple, both in family and fortune, was a suitable son-in-law.—G. Colman, _Ways and Means_ (1788).

=Harriet= [=Mowbray=], the daughter of Colonel Mowbray, an orphan without fortune, without friends, without a protector. She marries clandestinely Charles Eustace.—J. Poole, _The Scapegoat_.

=Harriot= [RUSSET], the simple, unsophisticated daughter of Mr. Russet. She loves Mr. Oakly, and marries him, but becomes “a jealous wife,” watching her husband like a lynx, to find out some proof of infidelity, and distorting every casual remark as evidence thereof. Her aunt, Lady Freelove, tries to make her a woman of fashion, but without success. Ultimately, she is cured of her idiosyncrasy.—George Colman, _The Jealous Wife_ (1761).

=Harriet= (_Shattuck_), superannuated tailoress who, with her blind sister, lives in the little house in which she was born. It leaks and shakes in the wind, and they are often hungry, but when they are removed to a “Home,” they steal away and walk fourteen miles back to the old house.—Mary E. Wilkins, _A Humble Romance_ (1887.)

=Harris= (_Mrs._), a purely imaginary character, existing only in the brain of Mrs. Sarah Gamp, and brought forth on all occasions to corroborate the opinions and trumpet the praises of Mrs. Gamp, the monthly nurse.

_Harris_, one of the trio of invalids who go up the Thames in quest of health. Their adventures are the theme of Jerome K. Jerome’s _Three Men in a Boat_ (1889).

=Harrises= (_The_), family who live and die in the faith that, to be a born Harris is a career in itself. They are not rich, or learned, or accomplished, but eminently respectable, and clad in simple egotism as with a garment.—Annie Sheldon Coombs, _As Common Mortals_ (1886).

=Harrison= (_Dr._), the model of benevolence, who nevertheless takes in execution the goods and person of his friend Booth, because Booth, while pleading poverty, was buying expensive and needless jewelery.—Fielding, _Amelia_ (1751).

_Harrison_ (_Major-General_), one of the parliamentary commissioners.—Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth).

_Harrison_, the old stewart of Lady Bellenden, of the Tower of Tillietudlem.—Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.).

=Har´rowby= (_John_), of Stock’s Green, a homely, kind-hearted, honest Kentish farmer, with whom Lieutenant Worthington and his daughter Emily take lodgings. Though most desirous of showing his lodger kindness, he is constantly wounding his susceptibilities from blunt honesty and want of tact.

_Dame Harrowby_, wife of Farmer Harrowby.

_Stephen Harrowby_, son of Farmer Harrowby, who has a mania for soldiering, and calls himself “a perspiring young hero.”

_Mary Harrowby_, daughter of Farmer Harrowby.—G. Colman, _The Poor Gentleman_ (1802).

=Harringtons= (_The_), Melchisedec. Fashionable tailor; “a grand man, despite his calling.” Of him and _Mrs. Harrington_ it was said that she “had a Port, and Melchisedec a Presence.”

_Caroline_, married to Major Strike.

_Harriet_, married to Mr. Andrew Cogglesby.

_Louisa_, married to Señor Silva Diaz, Conde de Saldar.

_Evan_, the only son, brought up in polite circles, hates the name and trade of “tailor,” but bound in honor to pay his father’s debts. After many struggles and divers reverses, the contest between tradesman and diplomatist within him ends in his marriage to an heiress long beloved by him, and the appointment to the position of attaché to the Naples Embassy.—George Meredith, _Evan Harrington_ (1888).

=Harry= (_Sir_), the servant of a baronet, who assumed the airs and title of his master, and was addressed as “Baronet,” or “Sir Harry.” He even quotes a bit of Latin: “O tempora! O Moses!”—Rev. James Townley, _High Life Below Stairs_ (1759).

_Harry_ (_Blind_), the minstrel, friend of Henry Smith.—Sir. W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).

_Harry_ (_The Great_), or _Henri Grace à Dieu_, a man-of-war built in the reign of Henry VII.

Towered the _Great Harry_, crank and tall. Longfellow, _The Building of the Ship_.

=Harry Paddington=, a highwayman in the gang of Captain Macheath. Peachum calls him “a poor, petty-larceny rascal, without the least genius;” and says, “even if the fellow were to live six months, he would never come to the gallows with credit.”—Gay, _The Beggar’s Opera_ (1727).

=Hart´house= (_2 syl._) a young man who begins life as a cornet of dragoons, but, being bored with everything, coaches himself up in statistics, and comes to Coketown to study facts. He falls in love with Louisa [_née_ Gradgrind], wife of Josiah Bounderby, banker and mill-owner, but, failing to induce the young wife to elope with him, he leaves the place.—C. Dickens, _Hard Times_ (1854).

=Hartley= (_Adam_), afterwards Dr. Hartly. Apprentice to Dr. Gray.—Sir W. Scott, _The Surgeon’s Daughter_ (time, George II.).

=Hartwell= (_Lady_), a widow, courted by Fountain, Bellamore, and Harebrain.—Beaumont and Fletcher, _Wit without Money_ (1639).

=Harût and Marût=, two angels sent by Allah to administer justice upon earth, because there was no righteous judgment among men. They acted well till Zoha´ra, a beautiful woman, applied to them, and then they both fell in love with her. She asked them to tell her the secret name of God, and immediately she uttered it, she was borne upwards into heaven, where she became the planet Venus. As for the two angels, they were imprisoned in a cave near Babylon.—Sale’s _Korân_, ii.

Allah bade That two untempted spirits should descend, Judges on earth. Haruth and Maruth went, The chosen sentencers. They fairly heard The appeals of men ... At length, A woman came before them; beautiful Zohara was, etc. Southey, _Talaba the Destroyer_, iv. (1797).

=Hassan=, caliph of the Ottoman empire, noted for his splendor and hospitality. In his seraglio was a beautiful young slave named Leila (_2 syl_.), who had formed an attachment to “the Giaour” (_2 syl_.). Leila is put to death by the emir, and Hassan is slain near Monut Parnassus by the giaour [_djow´.er_].—Byron, _The Giaour_ (1813).

_Hassan_, the story-teller, in the retinue of the Arabian physician.—Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard I.).

_Hassan_ (_Al_), the Arabian emir of Persia, father of Hinda. He won the battle of Cadessia, and thus became master of Persia.—T. Moore, _Lalla Rookh_ (“the Fire-Worshippers,” 1817).

_Hassan_ surnamed _Al Habbal_ (“the rope-maker”), and subsequently _Cogia_ (“merchant”); his full name was then Cogia Hassan Alhabbal. Two friends, named Saad and Saadi, tried an experiment on him. Saadi gave him 200 pieces of gold in order to see if it would raise him from extreme poverty to affluence. Hassan took ten pieces for immediate use, and sewed the rest in his turban; but a kite pounced on his turban and carried it away. The two friends, after a time, visited Hassan again, but found him in the same state of poverty; and, having heard his tale, Saadi gave him another 200 pieces of gold. Again he took out ten pieces, and, wrapping the rest in a linen rag, hid it in a jar of bran. While Hassan was at work, his wife exchanged this jar of bran for fuller’s earth, and again the condition of the man was not bettered by the gift. Saad now gave the rope-maker a small piece of lead, and this made his fortune thus: A fisherman wanted a piece of lead for his nets, and promised to give Hassan for Saad’s piece whatever he caught in his first draught. This was a large fish, and in it the wife found a splendid diamond, which was sold for 100,000 pieces of gold. Hassan now became very rich, and when the two friends visited him again, they found him a man of consequence. He asked them to stay with him, and took them to his country house, when one of his sons showed him a curious nest, made out of a turban. This was the very turban which the kite had carried off, and the money was found in the lining. As they returned to the city, they stopped and purchased a jar of bran. This happened to be the very jar which the wife had given in exchange, and the money was discovered wrapped in linen at the bottom. Hassan was delighted, and gave the 180 pieces to the poor.—_Arabian Nights_ (“Cogia Hassan Alhabbal”).

_Hassan_ (_Abou_), the son of a rich merchant of Bagdad, and the hero of the tale called “The Sleeper Awakened” (_q.v._).—_Arabian Nights_.

=Hassan Aga=, an infamous renegade, who reigned in Algiers, and was the sovereign there when Cervantes (author of _Don Quixote_) was taken captive by a Barbary corsair in 1574. Subsequently, Hassan bought the captive for 500 ducats, and he remained a slave till he was redeemed by a friar for 1000 ducats.

Every day this Hassan Aga was hanging one, impaling another, cutting off the ears or breaking the limbs of a third ... out of mere wantonness.—Cervantes (1605).

=Hassan ben Sabah=, the old man of the mountain, founder of the sect called the Assassins.

Dr. Adam Clark has supplemented Rymer’s _Fœdera_ with two letters by this sheik. This is not the place to point out the want of judgment in these addenda.

=Hastie= (_Robin_), the smuggler and publican at Annan.—Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).

=Hastings=, the friend of young Marlow, who entered with him the house of Squire Hardcastle, which they mistook for an inn. Here the two young men met Miss Hardcastle and Miss Neville. Marlow became the husband of the former, and Hastings, by the aid of Tony Lumpkins, won the latter.—Goldsmith, _She Stoops to Conquer_ (1773).

_Hastings_, one of the court of King Edward IV.—Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).

=Haswell=, the benevolent physician who visited the Indian prisons, and for his moderation, benevolence, and judgment, received the sultan’s signet, which gave him unlimited power.—Mrs. Inchbald, _Such Things Are_ (1786).

=Hat= (_Gessler’s_). The governor of the Swiss cantons in the reign of Albert I. set up his hat at Altorf, requiring the Swiss to salute it in passing. William Tell refused, and was sentenced to shoot an apple from the head of his son. Tell from this became prominent in achieving the liberties of Switzerland.

_Hat_ (_A White_), used to be a mark of radica