Part 8

With a great deal of pride in family background, those Englishmen in Virginia, whose families were entitled to bear arms, invariably had these cut upon the stones along with the lengthy inscriptions. The stones were ordered from England. As previously mentioned, Mrs. Sarah Yeardley, in 1657, directed that her executor sell her jewels and purchase in England stones for herself and her second husband. Her son, by the first husband, Adam Thoroughgood II of Lower Norfolk County, was equally zealous that proper memorials be placed and directed his executrix (wife), in his will, dated 1679, to have his body interred in the Church at Lynnhaven, and "cause a tombstone of marble to be sent for, with coat of arms of Sir George Yeardley [his wife's father] and myself." Unfortunately, these tombs together with the site of the old Lynnhaven Church, have been washed beneath the waters of Lynnhaven Bay.

The tombstones bearing coats of arms of George Read deceased, 1671 and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Nicolas Martiau, uncovered during excavations at Yorktown in 1931 were removed to the graveyard surrounding Christ Church. The inscriptions, badly worn, were recut with information then in hand; however, the dates since have been found to be slightly in error. The tombstone of William Cole II, Secretary of State for the Colony, 1690, erected after his death, 1694, at "Bolthrope," bore the Cole coat of arms, accompanied by a lengthy inscription, reciting in part that the deceased was "unspotted on the bench, untainted at the bar." Unfortunately, when the graveyard lay neglected for many years and overgrown with vines, other ancient stones, placed there, were broken and portions of them, from time to time, carried away by fishermen to be used as mooring stones for their boats.

Theodorick Bland, deceased, 1671, was buried in the old churchyard now adjacent to the garden at "Westover." The inscription in Latin on his tombstone recites that it was erected "by his most disconsolate widow, a daughter of Richard Bennett Esq." Lewis Burwell, deceased 1653, was buried at his plantation, "Fairfield," in Gloucester County, and the tombstone erected to his memory, bearing arms, recited that he was descended from the ancient family of Burwell of Bedford and Northampton, England.

The tomb of Alice (Lukin) Page, wife of Colonel John Page, stands facing the west entrance to Bruton Parish Church in Williamsburg and is unique in that it bears the Lukin arms alone, indicating that the deceased was the sole heir of her father and thus entitled to his arms. Otherwise, the arms cut upon her stone would have been quartered with those of her husband.

The inscription on the tombstone of Edward Digges, buried on the "E D Plantation" (later, "Bellefield"), 1676, recited that he was the father of six sons and seven daughters. The broken tomb of Major Miles Cary I in a secluded spot in the area of his former plantation, "Windmill Point," in Warwick, was restored some years ago. The inscription relates, in part, that he was killed by the Dutch, during a foray which they made into Hampton Roads in 1667.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bruce, Philip A. _Economic History of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century._ New York, Macmillan, 1895. 2 vols.

Hening, W. W. _Statutes at Large of Virginia, 1619-1792._ 13 vols.

Jester, Annie Lash, and Martha Woodroof Hiden. _Adventurers of Purse and Person, Virginia, 1607-1625._ Printed by Princeton University Press. 1956.

Smith, John. _Travels and Works._ Edited by Edward Arber. Introduction by A. G. Bradley. Edinburgh, 1910. 2 vols.

Stanard, Mary N. _The Story of Virginia's First Century._ Philadelphia. 1928.

Strachey, William. _The Historie of Travell into Virginia Britannia._ Edited by Louis B. Wright and Virginia Freund. London. 1953.

Virginia, Colony. _Council and General Court Minutes, 1622-32, 1670-1676._ Edited by H. R. McIlwaine. Richmond. 1924.

_Virginia Company of London._ _Records._ Edited by Susan Myra Kingsbury. Washington, 1906-1935. 4 vols.

Virginia County Court Records. Manuscript volumes in Archives Division, Virginia State Library, _passim._

INDEX

Accawmack, 19

Allen, Arthur, 24; John, 30

Allerton, Mr., 70

_America_, 20

_Anne and Mary_, 41

Apooke (tobacco), 5

Appomattox River, 19

Archer's Hope, 22

Armor, 16, 64

Arms, 16, 33, 38, 55, 64; _see also_ Firearms

Artisans, 29, 30, 50, 51

Assembly 1619, 61

Atkins, John, 55

Aubrey, Richard, 68

Back River, 19; Northwest Branch of, 19

Bacon, Nathaniel, 65, 69, 74

"Bacon's Castle," 24

Bacon's Rebellion, 24, 35, 46, 60, 69, 70, 75

Bandoleers, 17, 64

Barker, William, 20

Bates, John, 28

Bathing facilities, 55

Bayly, Mary, 48

Beds and bedding, 27, 33, 37, 40, 53, 54

Beheathland, Dorothy, 9; Mary, 9; Robert, 9, 67

"Bellefield," 82; _see also_ "E D Plantation"

Bennett, Edward, 48; Richard, 23, 82

Berkeley, Governor Sir William, 11, 23, 35, 46, 58, 60, 69

Berkeley Hundred, 11; settlement of, 12-14

Bermuda Islands, 4, 6, 30

Bernard, Mistress Beheathland, 67; Mrs. Mary, 67; Captain Thomas, 22

Biggs, Richard, 8

Blakeney, Norfolk, England, 31

Bland, Giles, 46; John, 46; Mrs. Sarah, 45, 46; Theodorick, 46, 82

Blaney's, Mr., 16

_Blessing_, 6

Blount, Humphrey, 26

Blount Point, 23

Boats: barks, shallops, skiffs, sloops, 17, 36, 59, 79

"Bolthrope," 42, 81

Boyse, Alice, 61

Bradshaw, John, 76

Branch, Benjamin, 24

Bray, Arthur of London, 43

"Bremo," 77, 78

Brew houses, 73

Brick, earliest mention of, 7, 21

Bridger, Elizabeth, 41; Hester (Pitt), 35, 45; Colonel Joseph, 34-41, 45, 55, 60, 68, 73; Joseph Jr., 35; Martha 41; Mary, 41

British Public Record Office, 15

Brocas, Captain, 23

Bruton Parish Church, 78, 82

Buck, Rev. Richard, 4, 20, 49

"Buckland," 59

Bullock, James, 71

Burden, Mary, 43

Burras, Ann, 1

Burwell, Lewis, 82

Bush, John, 16, 21

Butler, Mrs. Amory, 52, 53, 67; _see also_ Underwood, Elizabeth

Byrd, William I, 34, 36

Cahan, John, 36

Calthrope, Anne, 32; Christopher, 19, 31-34, 57; Elinor, 32; James, 33

Candia, 18

Carter, Giles, 77

Carter family, 79

Cary, Major Miles I, 82

Cattle, trade jewels for, 66

Cavaliers, 58

Chamberlaine, Major Thomas, 24

Champion, John, 37

Charles I, King, 2, 17, 58, 62

Charles II, King, 63

Charles City: Corporation, 8, 10, 16; County, 34, 45, 47, 59, 79

Charles River Parish, 31, 43

Charlton, Stephen, 58

Chesapeake Bay, 15, 18, 19, 31

Chew, John, 20, 42

Chicheley, Sir Henry, 58

Chickahominy Indians, 26

Chickahominy River, 21

Chiskiacke Indians, 26

Chisman, Edward, 16; Lieutenant John, 16

Chisman's Creek, 32

Christ Church (Yorktown), 81

Christmas 1608, 68, 69

Chuckatuck, 28, 29

Chuckatuck Creek, 19

Claiborne, William, 20

Cocke, Richard, 76, 78; Thomas, 29, 60; Thomas Jr., 77

Cockerham, William, 45

Cole, Colonel William II, 23, 81

College projected, 7

Collins, John, 8; Susan, 8

Colonization, reasons for, 1

Commonwealth (England), 62, 66

Constable, Mrs. Rachel, 42

Coopey, Anthony, 14; Elizabeth, 14; Joane, 14

Copeland, Joseph, 29

Corbin, Mr., 70

Costumes, 61-65

Crete, oil from, 18

Crewes, James, 65

_Criollo_, 25

Croshaw, Major Joseph, 44, 64

Crowder's, Mr., 16

Culpeper, Frances, 42

"Curowoak," 36

Cutlery, 53

Dade, Captain Francis, 34

Dale, Sir Thomas, 7

Davis, Captain James, 8; Rachel, 8; Thomas, 8

Davison, Christopher, 55

De La Warr, Lord, 6, 13, 54

De Vries, Peter, 22, 57

_Deliverance_, 6

"Denbigh," 14, 23, 28, 58

Digges, Edward, 82; Mrs. Elizabeth, 50, 53, 55, 60, 67, 75

Divorce, 46

Dods, William, 50

Draper, Mrs. Elizabeth, 66

Drinking Habits, 72-76

Ducking stool, 47

Dunthorne, Thomas, 4, 20

Dutch foray, 82

Dutch Gap canal, 7

Dutch traders, 15

Eastern Shore, 12, 15, 19, 29, 43

"E D Plantation," 75, 82

Edwards, John, 49; Margaret, 49

Elizabeth City: Church, 18; Corporation, 3, 8, 10, 15, 16, 26, 31; County, 32

English, Richard, 48

Epes, Mrs. Elizabeth (Worsham), 79; Francis, 79

Essex County, 68

Evans, Peter, 77

Fairfax, William, 20

"Fairfield," Gloucester County, 82

_Falcon_, 4

Farrar, William, 4, 44, 45

Farrar's Island, 7

Fashions, 61-65

Felgate, Philip, 63

Felgate's Creek, 30

Festivities, 68-72

Finch, Frances, 14; William, 14

Firearms, 69, 79; _see also_ Arms

Fisher, John, 29, 73; Philip, 29; Thomas, 29

Fishing, 71

Fitzhugh, Sarah, 67; William, 60, 64, 67

Fleete, Mrs. Sarah, 43

Flint, Mary, 8; Captain Thomas, 8

Flinton, Pharoah, 16

Flood, Captain John, 14

Flowerdieu, Temperance, 4

Flowerdew Hundred, 22

Food, preparation of, 55, 56

Forest, Mrs. Lucy, 1, 3; Thomas, 1

Forest Primeval, 25-27

Fort Henry, 31

"Four Mile Tree," 81

Fox, Major Richard, 58

French Ordinary, 72

Funeral Customs, 77-80

Furniture, 53-55

Gaming, 76, 77

Gany, Anna, 47; William, 47

Gates, Sir Thomas, 6, 7, 73

_George_, 8, 15

Gerrard, Mr., 70; Mrs. Rose, 67

Gibson, Thomas, 53

Gifford, Isabel, 14

Glassmaking, 4

Gloves: buckskin, cordovan, kid, 64

Godwin, Thomas, 41, 42; Martha (Bridger), 41

Goldsmiths, 65, 66

Goodale, "Goody," 47

Gookin, Daniel, 19, 22, 48, 57; John, 19, 22, 57, 65

Gorsuch, Mrs. Anne, 34

Greene, Joane, 13

"Greenspring," 23, 29, 35, 46, 60

Greville, Frances, 13

Gundry, Anne, 45

Hair Dressing, 62

Hallom, Robert, 48; William, 34

Ham, Joseph, 26, 27, 52

Hammond, Colonel Mainwaring, 58

Hamor, Ralph, 20

Hampton, 18, 68, 77; _see also_ Kecoughtan

Hampton Roads, 15

Hansford, Charles, 72, 74; Mrs. Elizabeth, 44; family, 30

Hatcher, Edward, 71

Hatchments, 79

Harris, Thomas, 59, 71; Major William, 59

Harvey, Captain John, 15, 20; also Governor Sir John, 21

Hay, William, 43

Henrico: Corporation, 10, 15, 16; County, 24, 25, 59, 60, 71, 77, 79; Town, 7

Headrights, 8

Heating facilities, 51

Herring Creek, 47

Hickman, William, 50

Hobson, William, 30

Hog Island, 48

Holland, goldsmiths in, 65

Holt, Randall, 48

Homes, 3, 6, 7, 20-25, 55

Honeywood, Colonel Philip, 58

Hopkinson, Daniel, 18, 64, 77

Horses, 59-61; racing of, 71

Horsmanden, Daniel, 34; Ursula, 34; Warham, 42

Hospital, 7

Hospitality, 57-59

Hostelries, 57

Household, 51-57

Hunlock, Kathryne, 49

Hunt, George, 42; Rev. Robert, 4

Hunting, 69, 70

Ice house, 75

Independent Planter, 27-30

Indians, 26, 68, 69, 70

Industries, 28-30

Isle of Wight County, 8, 20, 21, 34, 35, 46, 50, 55, 60, 67, 77

Jackson, Henry, 22

James I, King, 64

James City Corporation, 10, 16, 20, 22

James River, 7, 15, 19, 21, 22, 23, 36, 41, 48, 57, 69, 78

Jamestown, 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 17, 19, 21-23, 25, 58, 60, 68, 72, 75, 78; Church, 54, 78; Island, 20, 78

Jeffreys, Sir Herbert, 69

Jewelry, 65-68

Johnson, John, 20

_Jonathan_, 10

Jones, Morgan, 29

Joones, Elizabeth, 4

Jordan, Mrs. Alice, 81

Jordan, Sisley (Ciceley), 4, 44; George, 81; Samuel, 44

Kecoughtan, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 25, 68, 77

Kemp, Richard, 21

Key, Martha, 8; Thomas, 8

"Kingsland," 25

Kingsmill, Richard, 22

Kitchens, 55, 56

Kneaton, Augustine, 30

Land, private ownership of, 8

Lane, Thomas, 36, 37

Langley Air Force Base, 19

Laundering, 56, 57

Laydon, John, 3

Lear, Elizabeth (Bridger), 41; Thomas, 41

Lee, Mr., 70

Lighting facilities, 51, 52

Ligon, Richard, 60, 71

"Littletown," 23, 57

Llewellyn, Daniel, 34, 45, 65

Lockey, Edward, 44

London, 11, 18, 22, 37, 43, 45, 55, 64, 66

_London Merchant_, 10

Louis XIV, 63

Louisiana, 25

Lower Norfolk County, 21, 35, 47, 52, 55, 63-65, 76, 82

Lukin arms, 82

Lunsford, Sir Thomas, 58

Lupo, Lieutenant Albiano, 8; Elizabeth, 8

Lynnhaven, 21, 47, 66, 81; Bay, 81; Church, 81

Magazine Ships, 14, 15

Maids for wives, 10, 11

Malt-mill, 38, 73

"Malvern Hill," 29, 71

"Marie's Mount," 22

Mariners Museum, 31

_Marmaduke_, 11

Marriage, contracts in, 42, 43; first, 3

Martiau, Nicholas, 50, 81

Martin, Andrew, 71

Martin's Hundred, 11, 16

Maryland, 35

Massacre 1622, 7, 13

Matches, slow, 16, 64

Materials, 33, 38, 39

Mathews, Captain Samuel, 14, 16, 23, 48, 58

Menefie, George, 9, 19, 20, 22, 57

Middle Plantation, 69; _see also_ Williamsburg

Mihill, Edward, 43; Mrs. Elizabeth, 43

Mint julep, 75, 76

Mode, Josias, 72

Monmouth caps, 9, 12, 64

Morris, Samuel, 71

Moryson, Major Francis, 58

Moseley, Arthur, 65; Mrs. Susan, 65, 66; William, 65

Mulberry Island, 22, 23

Musical Instruments, 72

Muster 1625, 15

Nansemond County, 28, 29, 35, 41; _see also_ Upper Norfolk County

Nansemond River, 19, 22, 23

National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, 19

Negroes, 19, 26, 37, 50

New Poquoson: area, 26; parish, 31, 33, 43

New Poquoson River, 31

New Town, 20

Newport News, 11, 16, 19, 22, 57, 58

Nickolson, Robert, 64, 67

Ninepins, 76, 77

Norfolk, 20, 25

North Carolina, 32

Northampton County, 49

Northern Neck, 70

Northumberland County, 30

Nottoway region, 32

Norwood, Colonel Henry, 58

Offley, Sarah, 65

"Okenneck," 29

Old, Susan, 8

Old Brick Church (St. Luke's), 34

Old Christmas, 68

Old Point, 5

Orchards, 22, 23

Orient, importations from, 40

Pace, Izabella, 9; Richard, 9

Page, Alice (Lukin), 82; Frances, 13; Francis, 78; Colonel John, 78

Palisades, 16

Palmer, Thomas, 47

Pamunkey (York) River, 68

Particular Plantations, 11, 12; Supplies for, 12, 13

_Patience_, 4, 6

Pease Hill Creek Mill, 28

Peirce, Joane, 6; Mrs. Joane, 6, 22; Captain William, 6, 22

Peirsey, Abraham, 14, 20, 23, 66, 77; Elizabeth, 66; Mary, 66

Peirsey's Hundred, 16

Perry, Henry, 59; Micajah, 36, 37; William, 9

Perry and Lane, 55

Peru, 1

Pettigrew, Andrew, 30

"Pickthorn Farm," 29

Pitt, Colonel Thomas, 37, 67

Plantagenet, Beauchamp, 58

Plantation Life: Calthrope, 31-34; Bridger, 34-41

Planters, independence of, 27-30

Pleasants, John, 37

Pocahontas, 22

Pollentine, Mrs. Rachel, 21

Pooley, Rev. Greville, 44, 45

Population 1625, 15

Poquoson, 28; _see also_ New Poquoson

Poquoson River, 31; New, 19; Old, 19

Pott, Doctor John, 20, 48

Pottery kiln, 29

Povey, Thomas, 46

Powell, Colonel, 40; Captain Nathaniel, 13

Powhatan, 68

Purefoy, Lieutenant Thomas, 31

Ragg, Thomas, 32

Rappahannock: Church, 71; County, 46; River, 58

Rathbone, Richard, 77

Raymer, Adam, 14

Read, Elizabeth (Martiau), 81; George, 81

Recreation, 68-72

Reynolds, Christopher, 48

Richmond County, 77

Roanoke Island, 1

Robins, Mary, 43

Rolfe, John, 22; Thomas, 22

Rolfe House, 21

Rookings, William, 24

Rowles, Jane, 14; Richard, 14

Royalists, 2, 34, 58

Royall, Joseph, 61

St. Luke's Church, 34

Salford, Joane, 8; Robert, 8; Sarah, 8

Sandys, Sir Edwin, 10; George, 16, 17, 57

Savage, John, 43

Scales, 18, 55

_Seaventure_, 4, 6, 30

Servants, 18, 19, 47-51, 80

Sharpe, Robert, 77

Sheild, Robert, 43

Sheppard, Mrs. Elizabeth, 43, 45

"Shirley," 79

Silk culture, 17

Skimeno, 28

Slader, Mr. Mathew, 71

Slaughter, Elizabeth, 46; Francis, 46

Smalcomb, John, 79

Smith, Arthur, 45; Arthur I, 67, 77; Major John, 34; John of Nibley, 12; Captain Roger, 16; Thomas, 67

Smith's Fort Plantation, 21

Smith's (Southampton) Hundred, 11

Smyth, Richard, 76

Snoden, Ann, 50

Somers, Sir George, 6, 73

Southampton Hundred, 11

Southey, Thomas, 11

_Southward_, 32

Spanish settlement, 25

Spence, Ensign William, 20

Spencer, "Goody," 47

Sports, 68-72

Stafford County, 60

Still, liquor, 29, 73

Steelyards, 18, 55

Stephens, Francis (Culpeper), 42; Richard, 20; Captain Samuel, 42

Stewart, Charles, 77

Stockade, 3

Sturgeon, 5

Supplies 1625, 16; after 1625, 17

_Supply_, 12, 13, 14

Surry County, 21, 24, 35, 43, 44, 81

_Susan_, 14, 15

_Swan_, 4

Swann, Colonel Thomas, 44; family, 78

"Swann's Point," 78

Tableware and table linen, 52, 53

Taylor, Dr. James, 46; Stephen, 49

Tenants of the Virginia Company, 9, 10

The Hague, 66

Thelaball, Mrs. Elizabeth (Mason), 55

Thornton, Luke, 77

Thoroughgood, Adam I, 21, 48, 65; Adam II, 81

"Thropland," 31

Tibboth, Mary (Bridger), 41; Richard, 41

_Tiger_, 11

_Tockwough_, 5

Tombstones, 80-82

Townshend, Richard, 48

Tracy, Joyce, 13; Mary, 13; Thomas, 13; William, 12, 13

Travel, 59-61

Travis family, 78

_Treasurer_, 8

_Triall_, 4

_Tristram and Jane_, 18, 19, 22, 77

Tuckahoe, see _Tockwough_

Turkey-work, 54, 55

Underwood, Elizabeth, 46, 67; Colonel William, 46

_Unity_, 20

Upper Norfolk County, 8, 35; _see also_ Nansemond County

Upton, Captain John, 35, 60

Varina, Henrico County, 76

Vehicles, 60

Virginia Company, 9-11, 14-17, 26, 73; land of, 10; tenants of, 9

Wagers, 71

Walker, Colonel John, 43

Warming pans, 27, 53

Warren, Thomas, 21, 43

Warriscoyack, 21; _see also_ Isle of Wight

Warriscoyack Indians, 26

_Warwick_, 11

Warwick: City of, 31; County, 9, 23, 28, 59, 82; River, 14, 23, 42, 58

Warwicktown, 25

Watch, "pendilum," 68

Water supply, 3, 4, 56

Waters Creek, 28, 31

Watts, Edmund, 74, 79

Webb, Elizabeth, 14

Werowocomoco, 68

West, Nathaniel, 13

West and Shirley Hundred, 8

West Indies, 6, 37, 40, 73

Westmoreland County, 29, 67

"Westover," 82

Westover, Court at, 47

"White Marsh," 34

Williamsburg, 78, 82; _see also_ Middle Plantation

Willoughby, Mrs. Sarah, 64

Wills, John, 22; family, 22

Windmill, 22

"Windmill Point," Warwick County, 82

Womack, Alexander, 71

Women, Status of, 41-47

Wood, Abraham, 48

Woodliffe, Captain John, 12

Woodward, Sara, 45

Woory, Mrs. Elizabeth, 55

Wormeley, Colonel Christopher, 37; Captain Ralph, 58

Wormeley's Creek, 47

Worsham, William, 79

Yeardley, Colonel Francis, 65, 66; Governor Sir George, 4, 10, 11, 21, 22, 78, 81; Mrs. Sarah, 66, 81; _see also_ Offley

York: County, 28, 30, 32, 33, 42, 44, 47, 50, 71, 72, 74, 75, 79, 80; River, 31, 69; _see also_ Pamunkey River

Yorktown, 81

Young, Richard, 23

* * * * *

Transcriber's note

The following changes have been made to the text:

Page 27: "racoon" changed to "raccoon".

Page 41: "no title whatsover" changed to "no title whatsoever".

Page 45: "Nothwithstanding the limitations" changed to "Notwithstanding the limitations".

Page 50: "usually a barrell" changed to "usually a barrel".

Page 52 (in this version of the text): In caption "archeological" changed to "archaeological".

Page 73: "made from molassas" changed to "made from molasses".

Page 75: "poultice, soothed inflamation" changed to "poultice, soothed inflammation".

Page 81: "Bolthorpe" changed to "Bolthrope".