CHAPTER VIII NOTES.

[84] The Twelve Nidânas are: (1) Ignorance (_avidyâ_), (2) action (_sanskâra_), (3) Consciousness (_vijñâna_), (4) Name-and-form (_nâmarûpa_), (5) Six Sense-organs (_âyatana_), (6) Contact (_sparça_), (7) Sensation (_vedanâ_), (8) Desire (_trṣnâ_), (9) Attachment (_upâdâna_), (10) Procreation (_bhâva_), (11) birth (_jati_), (12) Old Age, Death, etc. (_jarâ_, _marana_, _çoka_, etc.).

[85] From a Chinese Mahâyâna sutra.

[86] The Pâli Jâtaka, no. 222. Translation by W. H. Rouse.

[87] Warren’s _Buddhism in Translations_, p. 214.

[88] _On the Completion of Karma_, by Vasubandhu. Nanjo, No. 1222.

[89] _The Distinguishing of the Mean_, by Vasubandhu. Nanjo, 1248.

[90] “Manhattan’s Streets I Saunter’d, Pondering.” I might have quoted the whole poem, if not for limitation of space.

[91] If we understand the following words of Tolstoi in the light which we gain from the Buddhist doctrine of karmaic immortality, we shall perhaps find more meaning in them than the author himself wished to impart: “My brother who is dead acts upon me now more strongly than he did in life; he even penetrates my being and lifts me up towards him.”