V.

_Vanda lowii_, 51

Vampyre-bats, 119

Variation, how influenced, 142

Vegetation, equatorial, 27

Vipers, green, 114

Vitality a cause of bright colour, 193

W.

Warning Colours, theory of, 189

Wasps and bees, 90

Wave-lengths of coloured rays, 180

Weale, Mr. J. P. Mansel, on plants of Karoo, 223 on _Ajuga ophrydis_, 223

Webber, Mr., on food of humming-birds, 137

West-Indian Islands, large and brilliant butterflies of, 261 peculiarly coloured birds of, 262

Whip-snakes, 114

White animals poisoned where black escape, 265

White colours influencing sense-perception, 265

White colour doubly prejudicial to animals, 266

White tropical birds, 110

Wilson, Dr., on pottery from N. American mounds, 295

Winds, influence of on temperature, 11 direction of near equator, 11, 12 cause of cold near equator, 12, 13

Wolves in England show its union with continent, 305

Woods from equatorial forest-trees, 36

Z.

Zebra, possible use of its stripes, 197

Zingiberaceæ, 47

Zoological regions, 314

Zoological regions of the New World, 329

LONDON: R. CLAY, SONS, AND TAYLOR, BREAD STREET HILL.

Transcriber's Notes

The following changes have been made to the text as printed.

1. Illustrations and footnotes have been located in appropriate paragraph breaks.

2. Obvious typographical errors have been corrected. Other than these and particular changes noted below, inconsistencies in spelling have been retained as printed.

3. Where a word is used repeatedly in the same way, hyphenation has been made consistent, preferring the form most often used in the printed work, or failing that the more usual form in general use at the time of publication. No typographical change has been made within direct quotes from other works.

4. Page 47: "single volcanic mountains" has been changed to "single volcanic mountain".

5. Page 51: "Cælogynes" has been changed to "Cœlogynes".

6. Page 115 and Index: "Dr. Gardiner" has been changed to "Dr. Gardner". (George Gardner, author of "Travels in the Interior of Brazil", London, 1846).

7. Page 221: The chapter heading "CHAPTER VI" has been changed to "VI", consistently with the other chapter headings.

8. Page 259 and footnote: "Euplæa" has been changed to "Euplœa".

9. Page 264 (footnote): "Phlogænas johannœ" has been changed to "Phlogœnas johannæ".