Part 10

GENUS TERIAS SWAINSON (THE YELLOWS).

Small _butterflies_, generally some shade of orange or yellow, with wings more delicate in structure than most of the genera belonging to the _Pierinæ_. Both wings generally rounded, but in a few species produced at the apex of the fore wing and at the end of the second median nervule of the hind wing. _Eggs_ spindle-shaped, much swollen at the middle. _Larva_ cylindrical, with a very small head, and the three first segments larger than those after them giving the body a humped appearance in front. _Chrysalis_ compressed laterally, with the wing-cases forming a deep keel on the ventral side, more pronounced than in any other American genus, except _Catopsilia_.

This is a very large genus represented by many species in the tropical and subtropical regions of both the eastern and western hemispheres. Many of the species are dimorphic or polymorphic, and there is a vast deal of confusion as to their classification.

[Illustration: PL. CVIII]

(1) _Terias nicippe_ (Cramer), Plate CVIII, Fig. 1, ♂; Fig. 2, ♀ (The Small Orange). (See Plate on p. 184.)

The species is subject to considerable variation. Rare in New England, but common south of latitude 40° as far as the Rocky Mountains; also reported from Southern California, where it is rare. Expanse 1.50-2.00 inches.

(2) _Terias mexicana_ Boisduval, Plate CVIII, Fig. 3, ♂ (The Mexican Yellow). (See Plate on p. 184.)

Easily recognizable by our figure. Expanse 1.75-1.85 inch. Found in Texas and Arizona, thence southward.

[Illustration: PL. CIX]

(3) _Terias lisa_ (Boisduval & Leconte), Plate CIX, Fig. 1, ♂ (The Little Sulphur). (See Plate on p. 184.)

Allied to the three following species, but may be told apart at once by the solid black outer borders of the wings and the absence of the black band on the hind margin of the fore wing. Expanse 1.25-1.60 inch.

Ranges from New England to Honduras, east of the Rockies.

(4) _Terias elathea_ (Cramer), Plate CIX, Fig. 2, ♂ (The Florida Yellow). (See Plate on p. 184.)

May be told from the next two species by the white hind wings. Expanse 1.25-1.40 inch.

Found in Florida, Mexico, and the Antilles.

[Illustration: PL. CX]

(5) _Terias delia_ (Cramer), Plate CX, Fig. 1, ♂; Fig. 2, ♀ (The Gulf Yellow). (See Plate on p. 185.)

Almost exactly like the preceding species, but the hind wings are yellow above and red below, and the apex of the fore wing is red below. Expanse 1.25-1.50 inch.

Common in the Gulf States.

This species and the one preceding and following are very closely related but perfectly distinct. They are apt to puzzle the beginner, but by comparison he will soon learn to discriminate them.

(6) _Terias jucunda_ (Boisduval & Leconte), Plate CX, Fig. 3, ♂ (The Fairy Yellow).

Separable from the preceding species by the black border surrounding the hind wing, and the pale under surface. Expanse 1.60-1.75 inch.

Found in the Gulf States.

(7) _Terias proterpia_ (Fabricius), Plate CX, Fig. 4, ♂ (The Cadmium Orange).

Our figure will enable the student to immediately recognize it. Expanse 1.50-1.75 inch.

Found in Texas, Arizona, and Mexico.

SUBFAMILY PARNASSIINÆ

(THE PARNASSIANS).

This peculiar group of butterflies is classed with the Papilionidæ because the internal vein of the hind wings is always wanting, a characteristic of all papilionine genera. The caterpillars are not provided with osmateria, or offensive scent-organs, and pupation takes place upon the ground among loosely scattered leaves which are interwoven by the larva with a few loose strands of silk. The insects are mainly inhabitants of the mountain regions of the northern hemisphere.

GENUS PARNASSIUS LATREILLE

(THE PARNASSIANS).

What has been said of the family will suffice to characterize the genus.

[Illustration: PL. CXI]

(1) _Parnassius smintheus_ Doubleday & Hewitson, Plate CXI, Fig. 1, ♂; Fig. 2, ♀ (The Colorado Parnassian).

This is a somewhat variable species, but may easily be recognized by the figures we give. Expanse ♂, 2.00-2.50; ♀, 2.25-3.00 inches.

Ranges from New Mexico and Colorado west to California and north to Montana. The caterpillar feeds upon _Sedum_ and _Saxifraga_.

SUBFAMILY PAPILIONINÆ

(THE SWALLOW-TAILS).

Large butterflies. As shown on Plate B, Fig. 10, the hind wings lack the internal vein, its place being held by the submedian vein. There is great diversity of form in this group. Many species are tailed, as are the three occurring in Europe, and the name common in England has come in popular phrase to be loosely applied to the whole genus.

There are many hundreds of species and varietal forms, most of which occur in the tropics of the eastern and western hemispheres. There are only three species found in all Europe; there are about thirty found in the United States and Canada.

GENUS PAPILIO LINNÆUS

(THE SWALLOW-TAILS).

This great genus has been subdivided for purposes of classification into a number of smaller groups or subgenera, which are useful when dealing with the whole assemblage of species, but which in a manual like this, dealing with only a few forms, may consistently be overlooked.

[Illustration: PL. CXII]

[Illustration: PL. CXIII]

(1) _Papilio ajax_ Linnæus. Winter form _walshi_ Edwards, Plate CXII, ♂; summer form _marcellus_ Boisduval, Plate CXIII, ♂ (The Papaw Butterfly).

The species is more or less polymorphic. Plate CXII represents the form which emerges in the spring of the year from chrysalids which have overwintered; Plate CXIII shows the form which appears in the second brood and in which the tails are twice as long as in the first. There are other forms. Expanse 2.50-3.25 inches.

The caterpillar feeds upon the leaves of the Papaw (_Asimina triloba_) and wherever this plant grows the insect may be found. It ranges from New England and Ontario to Florida and far westward through the valley of the Mississippi.

[Illustration: PL. CXIV]

[Illustration: PL. CXV]

(2) _Papilio turnus_ Linnæus, Plate CXIV, ♂; Plate CXV, _P. glaucus_ Linnæus, dark dimorphic ♀, _under side_ (The Tiger Swallow-tail).

In the Middle States and southward a large proportion of the females are black, belonging to the form _glaucus_; in Ontario and northward and westward to Alaska the females are yellow, like the males. The Alaskan form is very small, dwarfed by the cold and poor feeding. The figure on Plate CXIV is that of a male from Alaska of the natural size; a specimen taken in Pennsylvania would be nearly twice as large. The metropolis of the species is the Appalachian uplift; but it ranges northwestward to Alaska and south to the Gulf States. Expanse 3.00-5.00 inches.

The caterpillars are partial to the foliage of wild cherry trees, but are found on a great variety of plants.

The dark female form reveals its relationship to the paler form by the stripes on the under side. On the upper side the insect shown on Plate CXV is very black and shows no stripes at all. I possess females with yellow wings on one side and black on the other. The identity of the forms named by Linnæus _turnus_ and _glaucus_ could not be more forcibly shown than by these specimens, in which the two are united by the vital force which called them into being.

[Illustration: PL. CXVI]

(3) _Papilio rutulus_ Boisduval, Plate CXVI, ♂ (The Pacific Tiger).

Closely resembling _P. turnus_, which it replaces on the Pacific Coast in Washington and southward. The female is never dimorphic; the marginal light spots on the under side of the fore wings run together forming a continuous band, and are not separate as in _P. turnus_. Expanse 3.50-4.25 inches.

The larva feeds on alder and willows.

[Illustration: PL. CXVII]

(4) _Papilio eurymedon_ Boisduval, Plate CXVII, ♂ (The White-striped Tiger).

Belonging to the same group as the two preceding species, but distinguished by the pale creamy white color of the ground-color of the wings, and by the fact that the submarginal spots on the under side of the fore wings form, as in _P. rutulus_, a continuous band. Expanse 3.50-4.00 inches.

The caterpillar feeds on _Rhamnus californicus_ and other plants. The insect ranges from Mexico to British Columbia and eastward to Colorado.

[Illustration: PL. CXVIII]

(5) _Papilio daunus_ Boisduval, Plate CXVIII, ♂ (The Two-tailed Swallow-tail).

This fine insect is even larger than _P. turnus_, which it somewhat resembles, but from which it can at once be distinguished by the two tails on the hind wings, followed by a lobe at the anal angle. Expanse 4.00-5.25 inches.

Found in the region of the Rocky Mountains from Idaho south to Mexico, but not found west of the Sierra Nevada and Coast Ranges in California.

[Illustration: PL. CXIX]

(6) _Papilio pilumnus_ Boisduval, Plate CXIX, ♂ (The Three-tailed Swallow-tail).

Easily recognized from our figure. The lobe at the anal angle is so much produced as to give the hind wing the appearance of having three tails. Expanse 3.80-4.30 inches.

A Mexican species which occasionally is found in Arizona. It is one of the most beautiful species of the group to which it belongs and is rare in collections.

[Illustration: PL. CXX]

(7) _Papilio cresphontes_ Cramer, Plate CXX, ♀ (The Giant Swallow-tail).

One of the largest and most showy species of the genus found in our territory. The caterpillar feeds upon _Ptelea_, _Xanthoxylon_, and _Citrus_. It has a wide range from southern Ontario to Florida and through the Mississippi Valley to Mexico. Expanse 3.75-5.50 inches.

[Illustration: PL. CXXI]

(8) _Papilio Troilus_ Linnæus, Plate CXXI, ♂ (The Spice-bush Swallow-tail).

The caterpillar, which is green, with two big eye-spots on the back a little behind the head, lives on the foliage of the sassafras and spice-wood, where it folds together a leaf, in which it conceals itself from view during the daytime, coming out to feed at night. The insect is found throughout the eastern United States and the Mississippi Valley, wherever its food-plant occurs. Expanse 3.75-4.25 inches.

[Illustration: PL. CXXII]

(9) _Papilio palamedes_ Drury, Plate CXXII, ♂ (The Magnolia Swallow-tail). (See next page.)

The upper side of this fine insect is well shown on our plate; the under side is prevalently yellow. The larva feeds on the foliage of _Magnolia glauca_ and the _Lauraceæ_. Expanse 3.50-4.50 inches.

Ranges from southern Virginia near the coast to the extreme southern end of Florida and westward to southern Missouri and eastern Texas.

[Illustration: PL. CXXIII]

(10) _Papilio polyxenes_ Fabricius, Plate CXXIII, ♂ (The Eastern Swallow-tail). (See next page.)

This butterfly and the three which follow belong to a group of the genus which in England is represented by _P. machaon_ of the fens of Cambridgeshire and Norfolk. There are many species evidently derived in past time from common stock, which are found in America, and the writer believes that the original centre of dispersion was this continent, and that the English Swallow-tail represents the most western range of the migration, which probably began in Tertiary times, when the horse, the camel, and other North American animals passed over into Asia and became subsequently extinct in the land of their origin. _P. machaon_ still exists in Alaska as the variety _P. aliaska_ Scudder.

_P. polyxenes_, more commonly known by its later name _P. asterius_, or _P. asterias_, is found all over the Atlantic States and the Mississippi Valley. The caterpillar feeds upon umbelliferous plants, and is very partial to fennel. Expanse 2.75-3.25 inches.

[Illustration: PL. CXXIV]

(11) _Papilio brevicauda_ Saunders, Plate CXXIV, ♀ (The Newfoundland Swallow-tail).

There are two forms, one found on Anticosti, in which the spots on the upper side of the wings are bright yellow, the other in which they are more or less red in color. The latter form is common in Newfoundland, and is shown in the Plate. Closely related to _P. polyxenes_, but with shorter tails. Expanse 2.75-3.00 inches.

[Illustration: PL. CXXV]

(12) _Papilio indra_ Reakirt, Plate CXXV, ♂ (The Mountain Swallow-tail).

The resemblance to _P. polyxenes_ is marked, but it will be observed that the tails have undergone even greater reduction in length than in _P. brevicauda_, and that the band of yellow spots traversing the wings has been reduced in width. Expanse 2.50-2.75 inches.

Found on the high mountains of Colorado, Nevada, and California.

[Illustration: PL. CXXVI]

(13) _Papilio zelicaon_ Boisduval, Plate CXXVI, ♂ (The Western Swallow-tail).

In many respects like _P. polyxenes_, but having the median bands of yellow greatly widened, until on the hind wing the band covers almost the entire basal half of the wing. Expanse 2.75-3.25 inches.

Ranges from Vancouver Island to Arizona and eastward as far as Colorado.

(_Note._ The name _zolicaon_, often given by authors, must be replaced by the original name _zelicaon_.)

[Illustration: PL. CXXVII]

(14) _Papilio philenor_ Linnæus, Plate CXXVII, ♂ (The Pipe-vine Swallow-tail).

The caterpillar feeds upon the foliage of _Aristolochia sipho_, or the “Dutchman’s Pipe,” a plant extensively grown about verandas and porches, and native to the Allegheny Mountains. It also eats the leaves of _Aristolochia serpentaria_, a smaller plant of the same genus. The wings have an expanse of 3.75-4.25 inches.

The range is from Massachusetts to California and south into Mexico.

[Illustration: PL. CXXVIII]

(15) _Papilio polydamas_ Linnæus, Plate CXXVIII, ♂ (The Reef Butterfly). (See Plate on p. 198.)

This is the sole representant in our fauna of a great group of splendid butterflies peculiar to the tropics of the New World, which are true papilionids, but without tails, their wings generally of some shade of green, and wonderfully adorned with spots of other colors, generally yellow or crimson. It may easily be recognized from our figure. Expanse 3.00-3.50 inches.

It is found in the extreme southern part of Florida and on the adjoining reefs. It also has a wide range through the Antilles, Mexico, and Central America.

FAMILY HESPERIIDÆ (THE SKIPPERS).

Generally quite small _butterflies_, with stout thorax. Both sexes have six feet adapted to walking. Tibiæ of hind legs, with few exceptions, have spurs. Lower radial of hind wing in many genera wanting, being represented by a fold in the wing. _Eggs_ hemispherical, flat on base. _Larvæ_ cylindrical tapering from the middle before and behind, with large globular heads, smooth. _Chrysalids_ generally formed on the ground or among leaves and rubbish lightly tacked together with a few strands of silk, in which the cremaster is caught.

A large family, most numerously represented in the tropics of both the Old and New Worlds. About three thousand species are known, of which over one hundred occur within our limits.

SUBFAMILY PYRRHOPYGINÆ

(THE RED-TAILED SKIPPERS).

Rather large butterflies when compared with others in the family. The antennæ terminate in a long, thick, blunt club, forming a regular curve, looking in outline like the handle of an old-fashioned walking-stick. Most of the species are red at the end of the abdomen. Confined to the New World. Only one genus and species of this family occurs within our borders.

GENUS PYRRHOPYGE HÜBNER

[Illustration: PL. CXXIX]

(1) _Pyrrhopyge araxes_ Hewitson, Plate CXXIX, Fig. 1, ♂.

Upper side correctly shown in our figure. Below the wings are prevalently yellow. Expanse 2.25-2.50 inches.

Found in Texas, Arizona, and southward.

SUBFAMILY HESPERIINÆ (THE HESPERIDS).

Fore wing generally provided with a costal fold, but never marked with a sexual brand or raised patch of scales on the disk. The hind wing may be provided with a lengthy tail or simply lobed at the anal angle. Antennæ terminating in a fine point, which in some genera is bent backward at right angles to the shaft.

GENUS EUDAMUS SWAINSON

(THE LONG-TAILED SKIPPERS).

Hind wings more or less produced at the anal angle in the form of a long tail. There are a number of species found in Central and South America.

(1) _Eudamus proteus_ (Linnæus), Plate CXXIX, Fig. 2, ♀ (The Long-tailed Skipper). (See p. 199.)

The caterpillar feeds upon _Wistaria_ and various leguminous plants. Common in Florida, the American tropics, and occasionally found as far north as New York.

GENUS EPARGYREUS HÜBNER

[Illustration: PL. CXXX]

(1) _Epargyreus tityrus_ (Fabricius), Plate CXXX, Fig. 1, ♂; Fig. 2, ♀, _under side_ (The Silver-spotted Skipper).

A very common and beautiful insect. Expanse 1.75-2.00 inches.

The caterpillar usually feeds upon _Robinia_ and _Wistaria_. Has a wide range from Quebec to Vancouver Island and south to the Isthmus of Panama.

GENUS THORYBES SCUDDER

(THE DUSKY-WINGS).

[Illustration: PL. CXXXI]

(1) _Thorybes pylades_ Scudder, Plate CXXXI, Fig. 1, ♀ (The Northern Dusky-wing).

Below wings dark brown shading into gray outwardly; hind wings crossed by irregular brown bands; spots of upper side reappearing below. Expanse 1.60 inch.

Common in New England, thence westward and southward.

(2) _Thorybes bathyllus_ (Smith & Abbot), Plate CXXXI, Fig. 2 (The Southern Dusky-wing).

Distinguished from preceding species by the larger spots on fore wing.

Ranges from Connecticut to Texas.

GENUS ACHALARUS SCUDDER

[Illustration: PL. CXXXII]

(1) _Achalarus lycidas_ (Smith & Abbot), Plate CXXXII, Fig. 1, ♀ (The Hoary-edge).

Upper side strongly recalls _E. tityrus_ but the hoary edge of the hind wings and the absence of the silvery spots found in _tityrus_ at once separate the two. Expanse 1.65-1.95 inch.

Rare in southern New England, common in Southern States as far west as Texas.

(2) _Achalarus cellus_ (Boisduval & Leconte), Plate CXXXII, Fig. 2, ♂ (The Golden-banded Skipper).

On upper side as shown in our figure; on under side hind wings banded as in _E. proteus_, no silver spots. Expanse 2.00 inches.

Found in the Virginias and southward to Arizona and Mexico.

GENUS HESPERIA FABRICIUS

[Illustration: PL. CXXXIII]

(1) _Hesperia tessellata_ Scudder, Plate CXXXIII, Fig. 1, ♂ (The Tessellated Skipper).

Paler on under side than on upper side, with spots enlarged. Expanse 1.00-1.35 inch.

Ranges from Canada to the Gulf and from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

(2) _Hesperia centaureæ_ Rambur, Plate CXXXIII, Fig. 2, ♂ (The Grizzled Skipper).

Below darker than preceding species, white circle at end of cell surrounding black spot, thus forming an eye-like spot; hind wings below brown scaled with green, crossed by three bands of quadrate spots. Expanse 1.15 inch.

Found in northern Europe and Asia and from Alaska to Labrador; extending south on the high mountains both in the West and in the Carolinas.

(3) _Hesperia xanthus_ Edwards, Plate CXXXIII, Fig. 3, ♂ (The Checkerling).

Resembling _H. tessellata_, but much smaller and darker at base of wings, spots more crowded. Expanse 1.00 inch.

Found in Colorado and Rocky Mountains to west and south.

GENUS PHOLISORA SCUDDER

(THE SOOTY-WING).

[Illustration: PL. CXXXIV]

(1) _Pholisora catullus_ (Fabricius), Plate CXXXIV, Fig. 1, ♀ (The Common Sooty-wing).

Easily recognizable by means of our figure. Expanse 0.80-1.15 inch.

The caterpillar feeds on “lamb’s-quarter” (_Chenopodium_).

Ranges over all temperate North America.

(2) _Pholisora hayhursti_ (Edwards), Plate CXXXIV, Fig. 2, ♀ (Hayhurst’s Sooty-wing).

Easily distinguished from preceding by white color of under side of abdomen as well as by the different arrangement of spots on fore wing. Expanse 0.90-1.15 inch.

Ranges from Pennsylvania to the Gulf as far as the Rocky Mountains.

(3) _Pholisora lybia_ Scudder, Plate CXXXIV, Fig. 3, ♂ (The Mohave Sooty-wing).

Distinguished from the two preceding by the white fringes of the wings and by the markings of the upper side. Expanse 0.80-1.40 inch.

Found from western Texas to Nevada and Arizona.

(4) _Pholisora alpheus_ (Edwards), Plate CXXXIV, Fig. 4, ♂ (New Mexican Sooty-wing).

More checkered on the upper side than the other species, tip of fore wing white. Expanse 0.95-1.00 inch.

Ranges from New Mexico to Arizona.

GENUS THANAOS BOISDUVAL

(THE DUSKY-WINGS).

[Illustration: PL. CXXXV]

(1) _Thanaos brizo_ Boisduval & Leconte, Plate CXXXV, Fig. 1, ♀ (The Sleepy Dusky-wing).

The two rows of light yellow spots on the outer margin of the hind wings appear more distinctly on the under side. Expanse 1.25-1.60 inch.

Larva feeds on oaks and other plants. Ranges from the Atlantic to the Pacific, from New England to Florida and Arizona.

(2) _Thanaos icelus_ Lintner, Plate CXXXV, Fig. 2, ♂ (The Dreamy Dusky-wing).

Under side paler than upper, marked with many small, indistinct yellow spots, not forming well-defined bands as in preceding species. Expanse 1.00-1.20 inch.

Caterpillar feeds on aspen, oaks, and witch-hazel. Ranges from Nova Scotia to Oregon, south to Florida and Arizona.

(3) _Thanaos lucilius_ Lintner, Plate CXXXV, Fig. 3, ♂ (Lucilius’ Dusky-wing).

Closely related to preceding, but distinguished by more regularly checkered fringes of the fore wing and the different arrangement of the spots on the under side. Expanse 1.20-1.40 inch.

Larva feeds on columbine (_Aquilegia_). Ranges from New England to Georgia, and westward through the valley of the Mississippi.

[Illustration: PL. CXXXVI]

(4) _Thanaos juvenalis_ (Fabricius), Plate CXXXVI, Fig. 1, ♀ (Juvenal’s Dusky-wing).

A large species with translucent spots arranged as an interrupted band beyond middle of wing. Expanse 1.35-1.60 inch.

Ranges from Quebec to Florida and westward to Arizona.

(5) _Thanaos petronius_ Lintner, Plate CXXXVI, Fig. 2, ♂ (Petronius’ Dusky-wing).

Somewhat resembling the preceding, but translucent spots much fewer in number and upper side much darker. Under side uniformly dusky with few light spots. Expanse 1.50-1.75 inch.

Confined to Florida so far as known.

[Illustration: PL. CXXXVII]

(6) _Thanaos martialis_ Scudder, Plate CXXXVII, Fig. 1, ♂ (Martial’s Dusky-wing).

Upper side paler than in most species, with a purplish gray cast, all light spots of upper side repeated more distinctly on under side. Expanse 1.25-1.40 inch.

Ranges from Massachusetts to Georgia, westward to Missouri and New Mexico.

(7) _Thanaos horatius_ Scudder, Plate CXXXVII, Fig. 2, ♂ (Horace’s Dusky-wing).

Smaller than _T. juvenalis_, which it resembles; paler above on both wings, below more profusely mottled on hind wings. Expanse 1.65 inch.

Ranges from Massachusetts to Texas.

(8) _Thanaos funeralis_ Lintner, Plate CXXXVII, Fig. 3, ♂ (The Funereal Dusky-wing).

Hind wings very dark, partly fringed with pure white. Expanse 1.35 inch.

Found from western Texas to Mexico.

SUBFAMILY PAMPHILINÆ (THE PAMPHILIDS).

The male never has a costal fold on the fore wing, but in most of the genera has a discal stigma on the fore wing, the only exceptions to this in our fauna being in the case of the three genera _Amblyscirtes_, _Pamphila_, and _Oarisma_. The antennæ are short, in some genera very short, clubbed at the end and provided in many genera with a little finely pointed tip at the end of the club, which sometimes is bent backward. The third joint of the palpi is generally small, inconspicuous, and often pointing forward. The lower radial in the fore wing always is nearer to the median than to the upper radial; the lower radial in the hind wing is generally lacking. When at rest they raise the fore wings, folding them together, while the hind wings are held horizontally. This attitude is characteristic of this subfamily.

GENUS AMBLYSCIRTES SCUDDER

[Illustration: PL. CXXXVIII]

(1) _Amblyscirtes vialis_ (Edwards), Plate CXXXVIII, Fig. 1, ♂ (The Roadside Skipper).

Wings below much as on upper side, except that outwardly they are lightly laved with gray. Expanse 1.00 inch.

Ranges from Canada to Florida, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

(2) _Amblyscirtes samoset_ (Scudder), Plate CXXXVIII, Fig. 2, ♂ (The Pepper-and-Salt Skipper). (See Plate on p. 208.)

Below wings pale gray, the light spots of upper side reappearing. Hind wing marked by semicircular median band of white spots, a small spot at end of cell, and conspicuous white spot about middle of costa. Expanse 1.00-1.10 inch.

Ranges from Maine to Michigan and south on the Allegheny Mountains to West Virginia.

(3) _Amblyscirtes textor_ (Hübner), Plate CXXXVIII, Fig. 3, ♂, _under side_ (The Woven-winged Skipper). (See Plate on p. 208.)

Easily recognized by means of our figure. Expanse 1.25-1.45 inch.

Ranges from North Carolina to Florida and westward to Texas.

GENUS PAMPHILA FABRICIUS

(1) _Pamphila mandan_ Edwards, Plate CXXXVIII, Fig. 4, ♂ (The Arctic Skipper).

Recognizable from our figure. It is totally unlike any other species in the fauna. Expanse 1.10 inch.

Found from Labrador to Alaska, and on the mountains of Idaho and Montana.

GENUS OARISMA SCUDDER

[Illustration: PL. CXXXIX]

(1) _Oarisma garita_ (Reakirt), Plate CXXXIX, Fig. 1, ♂ (The Little Dun). (See Plate on p. 210.)