Part 11
On the under side both wings are somewhat brighter than on the upper side, the hind wings inclining to leaden gray, with the inner margin bright fulvous. Expanse 0.75-1.00 inch.
Ranges from southern Colorado to Arizona.
(2) _Oarisma powesheik_ (Parker), Plate CXXXIX, Fig. 3, ♂ (The Iowa Dun).
Larger than the preceding species and dark on upper side; on under side fore wings black, edged on costa with light fulvous. Hind wings dusky below, veins and nervules white, conspicuous on darker ground. Expanse 1.00-1.25 inch.
Ranges from Wisconsin to Dakota and Colorado, common in Iowa.
GENUS ANCYLOXYPHA FELDER
(1) _Ancyloxypha numitor_ Fabricius, Plate CXXXIX, Fig. 2, ♂ (The Least Skipper).
Below fore wings black, bordered on costa and outer margin with reddish fulvous; hind wings pale fulvous. Expanse 0.75-0.95 inch.
Ranges from Quebec to Florida and westward to the Rocky Mountains.
GENUS COPŒODES SPEYER
(1) _Copœodes procris_ (Edwards), Plate CXXXIX, Fig. 4, ♂ (The Golden Skipper).
Below wings as on upper side, a trifle paler than on the upper side. The fore wings blackish on inner margin near base. Expanse 0.80-1.00 inch.
Ranges from southern Texas to southern California.
(2) _Copœodes wrighti_ (Edwards), Plate CXXXIX, Fig. 5, ♂ (Wright’s Skipper).
Distinguished from _C. procris_ by dark fringes on both wings and different arrangement of stigma on fore wings. Expanse 0.85-1.07 inch.
Found in southern California and eastward as far as eastern Arizona.
GENUS ERYNNIS SCHRANK
[Illustration: PL. CXL]
(1) _Erynnis manitoba_ (Scudder), Plate CXL, Fig. 1, ♂ (The Canadian Skipper).
On the lower side all the light spots of the upper side reappear, but more distinctly defined and pearly white in color.
Ranges north of the boundary between the United States and the Dominion of Canada, descending into the United States as far south as Colorado and northern California upon the high mountain ranges.
(2) _Erynnis sassacus_ (Harris), Plate CXL, Fig. 2, ♂ (The Indian Skipper). (See p. 211.)
Below wings pale fulvous, spots of upper side feebly reproduced as faint lighter spots; fore wings black at base on this side. Expanse 1.10-1.35 inch.
Ranges from New England to Georgia, west to Colorado.
(3) _Erynnis attalus_ (Edwards), Plate CXL, Fig. 3, ♂ (The Wisconsin Skipper). (See p. 211.)
Below both wings are dusky, with the light spots appearing in faint gray. The female is darker. Expanse 1.25-1.45 inch.
Ranges from New England to Wisconsin and Iowa, thence to the region of the Gulf.
(4) _Erynnis metea_ (Scudder), Plate CXL, Fig. 4, ♂ (The Cobweb Skipper). (See p. 211.)
Below wings are brown, much darker than above, the pale marks of upper side repeated as pearly white spots, and on hind wings near base is a curved band of similar white spots. Expanse 1.20-1.30 inch.
Ranges from New England to Wisconsin.
(5) _Erynnis uncas_ (Edwards), Plate CXLVIII, Fig. 4, ♂ (Uncas’ Skipper). (See p. 220.)
Below in both sexes wings beautifully marked with pearly white spots on greenish gray ground, the spots defined inwardly and outwardly by dark olive shades. Expanse 1.30-1.55 inch.
Ranges from Pennsylvania to Montana.
[Illustration: PL. CXLI]
(6) _Erynnis leonardus_ (Harris), Plate CXLI, Fig. 1, ♂; Fig. 2, ♀ (Leonard’s Skipper).
Larger than most of the preceding species. Below wings dark brick-red. Spots of upper side reappearing more or less faintly. Expanse 1.25-1.35 inch.
Ranges from New England and Ontario to Florida, west throughout the Mississippi Valley.
GENUS THYMELICUS HÜBNER
(1) _Thymelicus brettus_ (Boisduval & Leconte), Plate CXLI, Fig. 3, ♂; Fig. 4, ♀ (The Whirlabout).
This insect, which is rare in the Northern States, is common in the South and has a wide range through the American tropics. Expanse 1.15-1.25 inch.
[Illustration: PL. CXLII]
(2) _Thymelicus otho_ (Smith & Abbot), Plate CXLII, Fig. 1, ♂; Fig. 2, ♀.
The upper side is sufficiently well shown in our plate. Below the wings are yellowish brown with outer half of the fore wings blackish; spots of fore wing repeated except last. Hind wings below with an obscure yellowish band of five or six spots. A variable species. The northern form, with fewer spots, is called _egeremet_, and is not very common in New England, but southward the species is abundant. Expanse 1.20-1.25 inch.
Found in New England, Florida, and west throughout the Mississippi Valley.
(3) _Thymelicus mystic_ (Scudder), Plate CXLII, Fig. 3, ♂; Fig. 4, ♀ (The Long-dash).
Upper side of both sexes well shown in our plate. Below fore wings fulvous on costa near base; remainder of wings on this side dark ferruginous, with the light spots of the upper side repeated, greatly enlarged, pale, contrasting strongly with dark ground-color. Hind wings pale brown on inner margin. Expanse 1.10-1.25 inch.
Ranges from southern Canada to Pennsylvania and west to Wisconsin.
GENUS ATALOPEDES SCUDDER
(1) _Atalopedes huron_ (Edwards), Plate CXLII, Fig. 5, ♂; Fig. 6, ♀ (The Sachem).
Easily distinguished from the figures we give. Expanse 1.15-1.35 inch.
Ranges from New York to Florida, westward and southwestward into Mexico.
GENUS POLITES SCUDDER
[Illustration: PL. CXLIII]
(1) _Polites peckius_ (Kirby), Plate CXLIII, Fig. 1, ♂; Fig. 2, ♀ (Peck’s Skipper).
This small species is dark brown below, with the light spots of the upper side reappearing, greatly enlarged, especially in the middle of the wings, fused together and pale yellow, thus contrasting strongly with the rest of the wings. Expanse 1.00-1.25 inch.
Peck’s Skipper ranges from Canada to Virginia west to Kansas and Iowa.
GENUS HYLEPHILA BILLBERG
(1) _Hylephila phyleus_ (Drury), Plate CXLIII, Fig. 3, ♂; Fig. 4, ♀ (The Fiery Skipper).
Easily recognized from our figures. Expanse 1.15-1.25 inch.
Ranges from Connecticut to Patagonia everywhere.
GENUS PRENES SCUDDER
(1) _Prenes ocola_ (Edwards), Plate CXLIII, Fig. 5, ♂ (The Ocola Skipper). (See p. 215.)
This common southern species, which sometimes ranges as far north as the latitude of Pennsylvania, ranges south as far as Bolivia in South America. Expanse 1.45-1.60 inch.
The figure is that of the type.
GENUS CALPODES HÜBNER
[Illustration: PL. CXLIV]
(1) _Calpodes ethlius_ (Cramer), Plate CXLIV, ♂ (The Brazilian Skipper).
Easily recognized from our plate. Wings below dull olive. Expanse 2.00-2.15 inches.
The larva feeds on _Canna_. Common everywhere in tropical America and has been known to stray as far north as New York.
GENUS LERODEA SCUDDER
(1) _Lerodea eufala_ (Edwards), Plate CXLIX, Fig. 3, ♂ (The Eufala Skipper). (See p. 221.)
On the wing looks like a small specimen of _Prenes ocola_, from which it may be distinguished at once by the white under side of the abdomen. Expanse 1.10-1.20 inch.
Not uncommon in Florida.
GENUS LIMOCHORES SCUDDER
[Illustration: PL. CXLV]
(1) _Limochores thaumas_ (Fabricius), Plate CXLV, Fig. 1, ♂; Fig. 2, ♀ (The Fawn-edged Skipper).
Easily distinguished by means of our figures. Below in both sexes wings dull olive, with spots of upper side repeated; costa of male edged with red on this side as well as above. Expanse 1.00-2.07 inches.
Ranges from Canada to the Gulf, west to the Rocky Mountains.
(2) _Limochores pontiac_ (Edwards), Plate CXLV, Fig. 3, ♂; Fig. 4, ♀ (Pontiac’s Skipper).
Well represented in our figures of both sexes. Expanse 1.15-1.25 inch.
Ranges from Massachusetts to Nebraska, being very common about the southern end of Lake Michigan.
(3) _Limochores palatka_ (Edwards), Plate CXLV, Fig. 5, ♂ (The Palatka Skipper). (See p. 217.)
A large and rather showy species, the female expanding as much as two inches. Expanse, ♂, 1.50 inch; ♀, 1.90-2.00 inches.
Found on Indian River, Florida.
GENUS EUPHYES SCUDDER
[Illustration: PL. CXLVI]
(1) _Euphyes verna_ (Edwards), Plate CXLVI, Fig. 1, ♂; Fig. 2, ♀ (The Vernal Skipper).
Below wings paler, inclining to purplish red, about middle of hind wings a semicircle of pale spots. Expanse 1.15-1.35 inch.
Ranges from southern New England to Virginia, west to Kansas, and north to Alberta. Very common in Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois.
(2) _Euphyes metacomet_ (Harris), Plate CXLVI, Fig. 3, ♂; Fig. 4, ♀ (The Dun Skipper).
The markings of upper side reappear on lower side, the ground-color below ranging from pale brown to purplish brown. Expanse 1.15-1.30 inch.
Found from Quebec to the Carolinas, west to Texas and Alberta and Assiniboia.
GENUS POANES SCUDDER
(1) _Poanes massasoit_ (Scudder), Plate CXLVI, Fig. 5, ♂; Fig. 6, ♀ (The Mulberry-wing).
Below hind wings bright yellow, bordered on costa and outer margin with reddish brown; the wings of the female not so brightly colored as those of the male. Expanse 1.15-1.20 inch.
Ranging from New England to Nebraska, but not extending south of Pennsylvania in the east, though occurring in the west in Colorado and northern Texas.
GENUS PHYCANASSA SCUDDER
[Illustration: PL. CXLVII]
(1) _Phycanassa viator_ (Edwards), Plate CXLVII Fig. 1, ♂; Fig. 2, ♀ (The Broad-winged Skipper).
Below paler than above, the light spots of the upper side reappearing less distinctly; the hind wing traversed from base to middle of outer margin by a light-colored longitudinal ray which is not as plain in the female as in the male. Expanse 1.45-1.60 inch.
Rare in the Northern States from New Jersey to Wisconsin, but quite abundant in the Southern States as far west as Texas.
(2) _Phycanassa aaroni_ Skinner, Plate CXLVII, Fig. 3, ♂ (Aaron’s Skipper). (See p. 219.)
Below fore wings black at base, middle area tawny, paler than above, with the outlines of the borders the same, but their color cinnamon-brown, and not fuscous, as above; hind wings below uniformly cinnamon-brown, without any spots. Female like the male, but larger. Expanse 1.00-1.25 inch.
Found in the salt marshes near Cape May, New Jersey, but probably has a wider range to the south.
GENUS ATRYTONE SCUDDER
(1) _Atrytone vitellius_ (Smith & Abbot), Plate CXLVII, Fig. 4, ♂; Fig. 5, ♀ (The Iowa Skipper).
Below the wings are pale yellow, the inner margin of the fore wings clouded with brown. Expanse 1.25-1.45 inch.
Common in the Gulf States, ranging north to Iowa and Nebraska.
[Illustration: PL. CXLVIII]
(2) _Atrytone zabulon_ (Boisduval & Leconte), Plate CXLVIII, Fig. 1, ♂ (The Zabulon Skipper).
Very closely related to the following species from which it may be distinguished by its somewhat smaller size and the presence of the heavier dark markings at the apex of the fore wings above. Expanse 1.25-1.50 inch.
Ranges from New England to Georgia and westward to the Rocky Mountains.
(3) _Atrytone hobomok_ (Harris), Plate CXLVIII, Fig. 2, ♂; variety _pocohontas_ Scudder, Plate CXLVIII, Fig. 3, ♀ (The Hobomok Skipper).
In the male the small apical spots are not enclosed by a band of dark color as in the preceding species, and the pale area on the middle of the hind wings is more restricted, the inner margin of this wing being more widely fuscous. The variety of the female called _pocohontas_ by Dr. Scudder is melanic, and is, as shown in our figure, very dark with conspicuous light spots in the fore wing. Expanse 1.25-1.50 inch.
Ranges from New England southward and westward over the greater part of the Atlantic region and the valley of the Mississippi.
GENUS LEREMA SCUDDER
[Illustration: PL. CXLIX]
(1) _Lerema accius_ (Smith & Abbot), Plate CXLIX, Fig. 1, ♂ (The Grimy Skipper).
The wings on the under side are dark fuscous clouded with still deeper brown or black. Expanse 1.40-1.50 inch.
Occurs from Connecticut to Central America, being quite rare in the north but very common in the hot lands of the south.
(2) _Lerema hianna_ (Scudder), Plate CXLIX, Fig. 2, ♂ (The Dusted Skipper).
The upper side is well represented in our figure. On the under side the wings are a little paler, especially the hind wings, which on their outer half are dusted with gray, in certain lights having a bluish cast. Expanse 1.15-1.25 inch.
Ranges from New England to Nebraska and southward, but, so far as the writer knows not reaching the Gulf States.
SUBFAMILY MEGATHYMINÆ (THE GIANT SKIPPERS).
These curious insects have been by some writers placed among the _Castniidæ_, a family of day-flying moths, but as the author stated in 1898 in “The Butterfly Book,” they appear to have much more in common with the Hesperiidæ than the Castniidæ. The proposition to include them in the Hesperiidæ as a subfamily under the name given above has since that time been generally accepted by systematists. There are a number of species belonging to the genus _Megathymus_, several of which occur within our faunal limits, but we shall content ourselves with figuring only the one, which those readers of this book who live in Missouri and south and west of that state are likely to see.
GENUS MEGATHYMUS RILEY
[Illustration: PL. CL]
(1) _Megathymus yuccæ_ (Boisduval & Leconte), Plate CL, ♀ (The Yucca Skipper).
The caterpillar of this species is a wood-borer, feeding in the pith and on the underground roots of different species of _Yucca_. The life history has been beautifully worked out by the late Prof. C. V. Riley, who published a full account of his observations in his “Eighth Annual Report of the State Entomologist of Missouri,” pp. 169 _et seq._, and in the “Transactions of the St. Louis Academy of Science,” Vol. III, pp. 323 _et seq._ The student will do well to refer to these interesting papers. The figure we give on the plate is that of a female specimen bred by Professor Riley in Missouri and presented by him to the late W. H. Edwards, whose collection is now the property of the writer.
INDEX OF ENGLISH OR TRIVIAL NAMES, AND COMMON TERMS
Aaron’s Skipper, 220
Abdomen of butterfly, 22
Acadian Hair-streak, The, 153
Admiral, Lorquin’s, 113; Red, 99, 100; White, 110
Alpines, The; Common, 133; Red-streaked, 133
American Copper, The, 161
Angle-wings, The, 92; Currant, 96
Antennæ, 13
Aphrodite, 75
Araxes Skipper, The, 199
Arctics, The, 140; Katahdin, 141; Macoun’s, 142
Arctic Skipper, The, 209
Arizona Blackamoor, The, 134; Checker-spot, 85
Bag-veins, The, 105; Texas, 106
Baltimore, The, 83
Banded Elfin, The, 156
Banded Hair-streak, The, 153
Banded Purple, The, 112
Banded Reds, The, 117
Bates’ Crescent-spot, 88
Beauty, Karwinsky’s, 118
Behr’s Hair-streak, 158
Blackamoors, The, 133; Arizona, 134
Blues, The, 58, 147, 162; Aster, 163; Common, 165; Cowper’s, 163; Dwarf, 167; Eastern-tailed, 166; Indian River, 168; Orange-margined, 164; Marine, 169; Pygmy, 167; Red-margined, 168; Scudder’s, 164; Silvery, 169; Varied, 169; Western-tailed, 166; West Indian, 167
Blue-spots, The, 147; Florida, 148
Boisduval’s Hair-streak, 152
Brazilian Skipper, 216
Broad-winged Skipper, 219
Bronze Copper, The, 161
Brown Elfin, The, 155
Brown-margined Hair-streak, 155
Brown, The Gemmed, 128
Brush-footed, The, 15, 16, 58, 59
Buckeye, The, 103
Buff Emperor, The, 117
Butterflies, anatomy of, 14; how to breed, 54; caterpillars of, 29; chrysalids of, 34; how to collect, 40; eggs of, 27; habits of, 13; life-history of, 27; how to mount, 47; how to preserve, 56
Butterfly, Papaw, 187; Reef, 197
Cabbage Butterfly, The, 173
Cadmium Orange, The, 185
Calicoes, The, 122; White-skirted, 123
Californian Sister, The, 114
Callippe, 79
Camberwell Beauty, The, 97
Camillus Crescent-spot, The, 88
Canadian Skipper, The, 211
Carbonate of ammonia, 43
Carbon bisulphide, 46
Carolinian Satyr, The, 129
Caterpillars of butterflies, 29
Chalcedon, 84
Checkerling, The, 203
Checker-spots, The, 83; Arizona, 85; Harris’s, 85; Least, 86; Macglashan’s, 84
Chloroform, 45
Chrysalids, 34
Clouded Wood-nymph, The, 137
Clytie Hair-streak, 159
Cobweb Skipper, The, 212
Colorado Hair-streak, The, 150
Colorado Parnassian, The, 186
Comma Butterfly, The, 93
Common, Alpine, 133; Blue, 165; Hair-streak, 151; Snout-butterfly, 143; Sulphur, 180; White, 172; Wood-nymph, 136
Compton Tortoise, The, 98
Coppers, The, 58, 147, 160; American, 161; Bronze, 161; Great, 160; Least, 161; Purplish, 162
Coral Hair-streak, 158
Cork for lining boxes, 45, 57
Couper’s Blue, 163
Creole, The, 126
Crescent-spots, The, 86; Bates, 88; Camillus, 88; Meadow, 88; Painted, 89; Pearl, 87; Poey’s, 90; Texan, 90
Crimson-patch, The, 91
Currant Angle-wing, The, 96
Cyanide of potash, 42
Dagger-wings, The, 107
Dark Wood-nymph, The, 138
Dash-wing, The, 119
Delila, 69
Diana, 74
Dingy Purple-wing, The, 105
Dog-face Butterflies, The, 179; Southern, 179
Dreamy Dusky-wing, The, 205
Dun, Iowa, 210; Little, 209
Dun Skipper, The, 218
Dusky-wings, The, 201; Dreamy, 205; Funereal, 207; Horace’s, 207; Juvenal’s, 206; Lucilius’, 205; Martial’s, 207; Northern, 201; Petronius, 206; Sleepy, 205; Southern, 201
Dusted Skipper, 222
Dwarf, Yellow, 175; Blue, 167
Early Hair-streak, The, 157
Eastern Swallow-tail, The, 193
Eastern-tailed Blue, 166
Edwards’ Hair-streak, 152; Marble-wing, 177
Eggs of butterflies, 27
Elfin, Banded, 156; Brown, 155; Hoary, 156
Emperor Butterflies, The, 114; Buff, 117; Red, 116; Tawny, 116
Envelopes for holding butterflies, 45
Eufala Skipper, 216
Eye, The pearly, 126
Eyed Nymphs, The, 125
Fairy Yellow, The, 184
Falcate Orange-tip, The, 176
Faun, The, 93
Fawn-edged Skipper, 217
Feet of butterflies, 16
Fiery Skipper, 215
Florida Blue-spot, The, 148
Florida White, The, 171; Yellow, 183
Fritillary, The Great-Spangled, 75; Gulf, 70; Little, 80; Meadow, 82; Mexican, 72; Regal, 73; Silver-bordered, 81; White Mountain, 81; Variegated, 71
Funereal Dusky-wing, 207
Gemmed Brown, The, 128
Georgian Satyr, The, 128
Giant Skippers, The, 222
Giant Swallow-tail, The, 192
Goat-weed Butterfly, The, 121; Morrison’s, 121
Godart’s Sulphur, 178
Golden-banded Skipper, The, 202
Golden Skipper, The, 211
Grass-nymph, The, 126, 127
Great, Copper, 160; Purple Hair-streak, 149; Southern White, 172
Green White-spotted Hair-streak, 158
Grimy Skipper, 222
Grizzled Skipper, 203
Gulf Yellow, The, 183
Hackberry Butterfly, The, 115
Hair-streaks, The, 22, 58, 147, 148; Acadian, 153; Banded, 153; Bahr’s, 158; Boisduval, 152; Brown-Margined, 155; Clytie, 159; Colorado, 150; Coral, 158; Common, 151; Early, 157; Edwards’, 152; Great Purple, 149; Green White-spotted, 158; Henry’s, 157; Olive, 154; Southern, 150; Striped, 154; Texas, 151; White-M, 149; Wittfeld’s, 151
Harris’ Checker-spot, 85
Harvester, The, 34, 159
Hayhurst’s Sooty-wing, 204
Head of butterfly, 14
Heliconians, The, 61, 67
Henry’s Hair-streak, 157
Hesperids, The, 199
Hoary-edge, The, 201
Hoary Elfin, The, 156
Hobomok Skipper, 221
Horace’s Dusky-wing, 207
Hunter’s Butterfly, 100
Indian Skipper, The, 212
Indian River Blue, 168
Iowa Dun, The, 210
Iowa Skipper, 220
Ithomiids, 22, 61, 64
Jars for poisoning insects, 42
Julia, 69
Juvenal’s Dusky-wing, 206
Karwinsky’s Beauty, 118
Katahdin Arctic, The, 141
Klug’s Dircenna, 66
Least, Checker-spot, 86; Copper, 161; Skipper, 210; Wood-nymph, 139
Legs of butterflies, 15
Leonard’s Skipper, 213
Leopard-spots, The, 106
Leto, 74
Little Dun, The, 209
Little Metal-mark, The, 145
Little Sulphur, The, 183
Little Wood-satyr, The, 129
Long-dash, The, 214
Long-tailed Skipper, The, 200
Lorquin’s Admiral, 113
Lucilius’ Dusky-wing, 205
Lycaste Butterfly, 65
Macglashan’s Checker-spot, 84
Macoun’s Arctic, 142
Magnolia Swallow-tail, The, 193
Malachites, The, 123; Pearly, 124
Many-spot, The, 146
Marble-wings, The, 177; Edwards’, 177; Rosy, 177
Marine Blue, 169
Martial’s Dusky-wing, 207
Meadow, Crescent-spot, The, 88; Fritillary, 82
Mead’s Satyr, 138
Metal-marks, The, 16, 58, 144; Little, 145; Northern, 145
Mexican Yellow, The, 183
Milbert’s Tortoise-shell, 98
Milkweed Butterfly, 36
Mimic, The, 109
Mohave Sooty-wing, The, 204
Monarch, The, 63
Mormons, The, 145; Palmer’s, 145
Morrison’s Goat-weed Butterfly, 121
Mountain Silver-spot, The, 78; Swallow-tail, 196
Mourning Cloak, The, 97
Mulberry-wing, The, 219
Mustard White, The, 173
Nets, for taking butterflies, 40
Newfoundland Swallow-tail, The, 195
New Mexican Sooty-wing, The, 204
Northern Dusky-wing, The, 201
Northern Metal-Mark, The, 145
Nova Scotian, The, 141
Ochre Ringlet, The, 131
Ocola Skipper, 216
Olive Hair-streak, 154
Orange-banded Red, The, 118
Orange-margined Blue, The, 164
Orange, Cadmium, 185
Orange, Small, 182
Orange Sulphur, The, 181
Orange-tips, The, 175; Falcate, 176; Lucas, 177; Western, 176
Pacific Tiger, 191
Painted Crescent-spot, The, 89
Painted Lady, The, 99, 102
Palatka Skipper, 218
Palmer’s Mormon, 145
Pamphilids, The, 208
Papaw Butterfly, The, 187
Parnassians, The, 185
Parnassian, Colorado, 186
Patch-spots, The, 91
Peacock Butterflies, 102
Peacock, The White, 104
Pearl Crescent, The, 87
Pearly Eye, The, 126
Pearly Malachite, The, 124
Peck’s Skipper, 215
Pepper-and-salt Skipper, 209
Petronius’ Dusky-wing, 206
Pinching butterflies to disable them, 43
Pins, insect, 47
Pipe-vine Swallow-tail, The, 197
Plain Ringlet, The, 131
Poey’s Crescent-spot, 90
Pontiac’s Skipper, 217
Proboscis of butterflies, 14
Purple, The Banded, 112
Purple, The Red-spotted, 111
Purple-wing, The Dingy, 105
Purplish Copper, The, 162
Pygmy Blue, 167
Queen, The, 64
Question-sign, The, 93
Reakirt’s Satyr, 139
Red Admiral, The, 99, 100
Red Emperor, The, 116
Red-margined Blue, 168
Red, The Orange-banded, 118
Red Satyr, The, 130
Red-spotted Purple, The, 111
Red-streaked Alpine, The, 133
Reds, The Banded, 117
Reef Butterfly, The, 197
Relaxing dried butterflies, 52
Rhodope, 80
Ridings’ Satyr, 134
Ringlets, The, 130
Ringlet, The Ochre, 131; The Plain, 131
Roadside Skipper, The, 208
Rosy Marble-wing, The, 117
Sachem, The, 214
Satyrs, The, 61, 124; Carolinian, 129; Georgian, 128; Mead’s, 138; Reakirt’s, 139; Red, 130; Ridings’, 134; Scudder’s, 135
Scales on wings of butterflies, 10
Scudder’s, Blue, 164; Satyr, 135
Setting blocks, 47
Silver-spot, The Mountain, 78
Sisters, The, 114; Californian, 114
Skippers, The, 22, 58, 198; Aaron’s, 220; Araxes, 199; Arctic, 209; Brazilian, 216; Broad-winged, 219; Canadian, 211; Cobweb, 212; Dun, 218; Dusted, 222; Eufala, 216; Fawn-edged, 217; Fiery, 215;
Giant, 222; Golden, 211; Golden-banded, 202; Grimy, 222; Grizzled, 203; Hoary-edge, 201; Hobomok, 221; Indian, 212; Iowa, 220; Least, 210; Leonard’s, 213; Long-tailed, 200; Ocola, 216; Palatka, 218; Peck’s, 215; Pepper-and-salt, 209; Pontiac’s, 217; Red-tailed, 199; Roadside, 208; Silver-spotted, 200; Tessellated, 202; Uncas’, 213; Vernal, 218; Wisconsin, 212; Woven-winged, 209; Wright’s, 211; Yucca, 223; Zabulon, 221
Sleepy Dusky-wing, 205
Small, Orange, The, 182; Wood-nymph, 137
Snout-butterflies, The, 61, 142, 143; Common, 143
Sooty-wings, The, 203; Catullus’, 203; Common, 203; Hayhurst’s, 204; Mohave, 204; New Mexican, 204
Southern, Dog-face, 179; Dusky-wing, 201; Hair-streak, 150; Wood-nymph, 136
Spangled-Nymphs, The, 127
Spice-bush Swallow-tail, The, 193
Striped Hair-streak, The, 154
Sulphurs, The, 179; Common, 180; Cloudless, 178; Godart’s, 178; Little, 183; Great, 177; Orange, 181
Swallow-tails, The, 58, 170, 186; Eastern, 193; Giant, 192; Magnolia, 193; Mountain, 196; Newfoundland, 195; Pipe-vine, 197; Pacific Tiger, 191; Spice-bush, 193; Three-tailed, 192; Tiger, 188; Two-tailed, 191; Western, 196; White-striped Tiger, 191
Tawny Emperor, The, 116
Tessellated Skipper, The, 202
Texan Crescent-spot, The, 90
Texas, Bag-vein, The, 106; Hair-streak, 151
Thistle-butterfly, The, 102
Thorax of butterfly, 15
Three-tailed Swallow-tail, 192
Tiger, Pacific, 191
Tiger Swallow-tail, The, 191
Toper, The, 95
Tortoise-shells, The, 96; Compton, 98; Milbert’s, 98
Tropic Queens, The, 108
Two-tailed Swallow-tail, 191
Uncas’ Skipper, 213
Varied Blue, 169
Vernal Skipper, 218
Viceroy, The, 103
Violet-wings, The, 104
Waiter, The, 108
Western, Swallow-tail, The, 196; Tailed Blue, 166; Orange-tip, 176
West Indian Blue, 167
Whirlabout, The, 213
Whites, The, 171; Cabbage, 173; Common, 172; Florida, 171; Great Southern, 172; Mustard, 173
White Admirals, The, 110
White-M Hair-streak, The, 149
White Mountain Butterfly, The, 141
White Mountain Fritillary, The, 81
White Peacock, The, 104
White-skirted Calico, The, 123
White-striped Tiger Swallow-tail, 191
Wings of butterflies, 16
Wisconsin Skipper, The, 212
Wittfeld’s Hair-streak, 151
Wood-nymphs, The, 135; Clouded, 137; Common, 136; Dark, 138; Least, 139; Small, 137; Southern, 136
Wood-satyr, The Little, 129
Woven-winged Skipper, 209
Wright’s Skipper, 211
Yellows, The, 181; Dwarf, 175; Fairy, 184; Florida, 183; Gulf, 183; Mexican, 183
Yucca Skipper, 223
Zabulon Skipper, 221
Zebra, The, 67
INDEX OF FAMILIES, SUBFAMILIES, GENERA, AND SPECIES, ACCORDING TO THEIR SCIENTIFIC OR LATIN NAMES
aaroni, Phycanassa, 220
acadica, Thecla, 153
accius, Lerema, 222
Achalarus, genus, 201; cellus, 202; lycidas, 201
acheronta, Cœa, 119
acmon, Lycæna, 168
Adelpha, californica, 114
Ageronia, feronia, 123; fornax, 123
Aganisthos, odius, 119
ajax, Papilio, 187
aliaska, Papilio, 195
alicia, Chlorippe, 117
alope, Satyrus, 137
alpheus, Pholisora, 204
Amblyscirtes, genus, 208; samoset, 209; textor, 209; vialis, 10, 208
ammon, Lycæna, 168
amymone, Cystineura, 106
amyntula, Lycæna, 166
Anartia, genus, 103; jatrophæ, 104
Ancyloxypha, genus, 210; numitor, 210
andria, Pyrrhanæa, 121
Anosia, genus, 62, 63; berenice, 64; plexippus, 10, 20, 30, 36, 63
antiopa, Vanessa, 97
aphrodite, Argynnis, 75
Apodemia, genus, 145; palmeri, 145
araxes, Pyrrhopyge, 199 Argynnis, genus, 20, 72; aphrodite, 10, 75; atlantis, 78; callippe, 79; cybele, 75; diana, 74; idalia, 10, 73; leto, 74; rhodope, 80
arthemis, Basilarchia, 112
Arthropoda, Subkingdom, 12
aster, Lycæna, 163
asterias, Papilio, 195
asterius, Papilio, 195
astyanax, Basilarchia, 111
atala, Eumæus, 148
atalanta, Pyrameis, 100
Atalopedes, genus, 214; huron, 214
atlantis, Argynnis, 78
Atrytone, genus, 220; hobomok, 221; pocohontas, 221; vitellius, 220; zabulon, 221
attalus, Erynnis, 212
augustus, Thecla, 155
autolycus, Thecla, 151
ausonides, Euchloë, 176
bachmani, Libythea, 143
Basilarchia, genus, 110; arthemis, 112; astyanax, 10, 111; disippus, 30, 113; lorquini, 113; Weidemeyeri, 112
batesi, Phyciodes, 88