Part 4

The six changes can be rung no more than these two ways here set down.

The Six changes are sometimes rung by observing a hunt therein, which is very improper, since every note has a like course. Yet I confess in demonstrating the methods on twelve, I did there admit a Hunt into the six changes; but that was only for demonstration sake.

The compleat peals of plain changes, from three to all greater numbers whatsoever, as the Twenty four changes on four, the Sixscore on five, the Seven hundred and twenty on six, _&c._ are prickt and rung by one method; all the notes having a hunting-motion, except only three in each peal, which three do make the six changes in the same manner as they are before prickt. So that the Six changes on three may be term’d the _basis_ or foundation of the compleat peals on all greater numbers.

Every Hunting note in each peal has a certain number of notes assigned, through which ’tis always to hunt. The term _hunt_ is given to a note in respect of the manner of its motion, which I will shew in this example. First, the notes of four bells are supposed to strike round in this order, 1234. The Treble shall be the Hunt, and the other three assigned or appointed for it to hunt through. Now whereas the Treble-note leads, it must move through its assigned number to strike behind them: and whereas every change must be made betwixt two notes that strike next each other, as I have shewed before in the _4th Observation_; therefore the hunting-note is confin’d to move gradually through the rest by making a change with each note that strikes next to it; and accordingly it must first move into the _2d_ place, next into the _3d_ place, and lastly into the _4th_. So that ’tis to make a change with every note that lies behind it; first with the _2d_ note, next with the _3d_, and lastly with the _4th_.

│_1234_ The first change is thus│ 2134 The second thus │ 2314 The third thus │ 2341

The hunting note has here moved through its assigned number; for whereas at first it did lead, now it strikes behind them. Wherein ’tis observable, that it made up changes all the way; which of necessity it must do, because every note with which it was to make a change, lay behind it: and because it made up changes, therefore ’tis said to have hunted up. The hunting-note shall now move through its assigned number again, to lead as at first. Therefore first it must move into the _3d_ place, then into the second place, and lastly into the first place, which is called the Treble’s place; in which motion it must make a change with each note that strikes next before it: first with the _4th_ note, next with the _3d_, then with the _2d_.

The first change thus│2314 The second thus │2134 The third thus │1234

’Tis observable, that here the Treble made down-changes all the way, which of necessity it must do, because every note with which it was to make a change, lay before it: and because it made down-changes, therefore it is said to have hunted down. This is the manner of the motion of the hunting notes in all peals of plain changes; for they hunt up and down through their assigned number, as the 1 here has done. This example is plain and full to instruct the Learner in the hunting of any bell, therefore he ought to peruse it diligently, that he may understand the true scope and meaning of it; and as a help he may apply himself to practice by taking a Treble, and attempt to hunt it up and down as this Example directs; which he may the more readily do, if he understand the _5th Observation_ before set down, which guides him to make a change in ringing. So that partly by reading and well considering of what I have here wrote, and partly by practice, he may in a short time become perfect in the hunting motion of any note; which when he rightly apprehends, he will then presently be capable of understanding the following methods; and therefore I shall be the more brief in my directions to them.

_The Changes on four Bells._

Twenty four changes may be rung upon four bells: but the Learner may first practice the twelve changes, and the eighteen changes. In the twelve changes the notes are all to be hunted up after one another, which may be called the Twelve all over. First the treble-note must be hunted up, letter (_a_); then the second note must likewise hunt up, letter (_b_); next the third note must hunt up, letter (_c_); and lastly the _4th_ note also, letter (_d_).

│_1234_ ───┼────── _a_│ 2134 „ │ 2314 „ │ 2341 ───┼────── _b_│ 3241 „ │ 3421 „ │ 3412 ───┼────── _c_│ 4312 „ │ 4132 „ │ 4123 ───┼────── _d_│ 1423 „ │ 1243 „ │ 1234

The four notes may also hunt down one after another. First, the _4th_ note must hunt down to lead: then the _3d_ note likewise, and so the _2d_ and Treble one after another, which may be term’d the Twelve all under.

Courteous Reader, in my directions to the course of each peal, I do there refer by letters to the examples; which I am forced to do, to prevent those confused breaks, and unhandsome spaces, which otherwise would have happen’d both in examples and precepts. Whatever letter I mention in my directions, refers to the like at the figures. For instance; in my directions to the twelve changes next before, I there directed the treble-note to be first hunted up, letter (_a_); which letter refers to the like letter at the first three changes of the twelve, where the Treble hunted up, as ’tis here again represented, and the like of the rest.

_a_│2134 „ │2314 „ │2341

In the Eighteen changes, the Treble is a hunting note, but never hunts up farther than the _3d_ place; and when it lies there, the two first notes must make a change; and every time it leads, the two hindmost notes. First it hunts up into the _3d_ place, letter (_a_); the two first notes, Which are 2.3, make a change, letter (_b_); the Treble hunts down (_c_). The two hindmost notes make a change (_d_), the Treble hunts up (_e_). The two first notes, which are 3.4, make a change (_f_) the Treble hunts down (_g_); the two last notes, which are 3.2, make a change (_h_), which method being continued, will bring the bells round at the end of eighteen changes. The Eighteen changes may also be rung by hunting the _4th_ note down into the _2d_ place, and then a change to be made behind: the _4th_ note to be hunted up again into its own place, and then a change to be made before, which course being continued, will produce Eighteen changes.

│1234 ───┼──── _a_│2134 „ │2314 ───┼──── _b_│3214 ───┼──── _c_│3124 „ │1324 ───┼──── _d_│1342 ───┼──── _e_│3142 „ │3412 ───┼──── _f_│4312 ───┼──── _g_│4132 „ │1432 ───┼──── _h_│1423 ───┼──── _i_│4123 „ │4213 ───┼──── _k_│2413 ───┼──── _l_│2143 „ │1243 ───┼──── _m_│1234

The Six changes on three are the ground of the Twenty four changes on four; for one of the four notes hath a constant hunting motion through the other three, in the same manner as in the preceding Example, _page 50._ and the three notes are to make the six changes in the same manner as I have before shewed in the changes on three bells; one of the six changes being always made every time the hunt lies either before or behind the three bells: therefore if the Learner do but rightly apprehend the course of the six changes, and also the manner of the motion of the hunting note, he will presently understand the method of the twenty four changes. The six changes in the twenty four, according to the terms of ringing are called Extream changes, and the three bells which makes them, Extream bells. So that in the twenty four changes, there is a hunt and three extream bells. Every time the hunt lies either before or behind the extream bells, an extream change must then be made. The extream changes may be made two ways, _viz._ either betwixt the two farthest extream bells from the hunt, or else betwixt the two nearest extream bells to it. In this Example every extream change shall be made betwixt the two farthest extream bells from the hunt, and the treble shall be the hunting note, which must first hunt up (_a_); then the two farthest notes from the hunt, which are 2.3, must make an extream change (_b_). The Treble must hunt down (_c_). The two farthest notes from the hunt, which are 2.4, must make an extream change (_d_). The treble must hunt up (_e_); the two farthest notes from the hunt, which are 3.4, must make an extream change (_f_). The treble-note must hunt down (_g_). The two farthest extream bells from the hunt, which are 3.2, must make an extream change (_h_). The treble must hunt up (_i_). The two farthest notes from the hunt, which are 4.2, must make an extream change (_k_). The treble must hunt down (_l_). The two farthest extream bells, which are 4.3, must make an extream change (_m_), which concludes the peal. Now the Learner for his satisfaction may take out the extream changes in the same order as they were made, as first at (_b_), then (_d_), and so (_f.h.k.m._) and they will stand as they are here set down; where ’tis evident, that 2.3.4 have made the six changes according to the method of the first six changes on three bells, before set down, (_page 48._) where the first change of that six was 213, and this being 324, is the same in course though the figures differ, and the rest of the changes in this six, are likewise the same in course and method with those.

│1234 ───┼──── _a_│2134 „ │2314 „ │2341 ───┼──── _b_│3241 ───┼──── _c_│3214 „ │3124 „ │1324 ───┼──── _d_│1342 ───┼──── _e_│3142 „ │3412 „ │3421 ───┼──── _f_│4321 ───┼──── _g_│4312 „ │4132 „ │1432 ───┼──── _h_│1423 ───┼──── _i_│4123 „ │4213 „ │4231 ───┼──── _k_│2431 ───┼──── _l_│2413 „ │2143 „ │1243 ───┼──── _m_│1234

3241 1342 4321 1423 2431 1234

In the preceding twenty four changes, every extream change was made betwixt the two furthest extream bells from the hunt. I will therefore here set down an example, where they shall be made between the two nearest bells, to it. First, the treble hunts up (_a_). The two next notes to the hunt, which are 3.4, must make an extream change (_b_). The Treble must hunt down (_c_). The two nearest notes to the hunt, which are 2.4, must make an extream change (_d_). The Treble hunts up (_e_). The two nearest extream bells to the hunt, which are 2.3, must make an extream change (_f_). The Treble hunts down (_g_). The two next extream bells to the hunt, which are 4.3, must make a change (_h_). And the like extream changes being made as at (_k_) and (_m_), concludes the peal.

│1234 ───┼──── _a_│2134 „ │2314 „ │2341 ───┼──── _b_│2431 ───┼──── _c_│2413 „ │2143 „ │1243 ───┼──── _d_│1423 ───┼──── _e_│4123 „ │4213 „ │4231 ───┼──── _f_│4321 ───┼──── _g_│4312 „ │4132 „ │1432 ───┼──── _h_│1342 ───┼──── _i_│3142 „ │3412 „ │3421 ───┼──── _k_│3241 ───┼──── _l_│3214 „ │3124 „ │1324 ───┼──── _m_│1234

The six extream changes, _viz._ (_b.d.f.h.k._ and _m._) being set down by themselves, will stand in this order, as here you see; where ’tis plain, that 2 3 4 have made the six changes, according to the method of the last six changes on three bells, _page 49._ where the first change of that six is made between the last two notes thus, 1 3 2. So in like manner is the first here thus, 243, which is the same method with that, though not the same figures.

2431 1423 4321 1342 3241 1234

So that the making of the extream changes two ways in the twenty four, proceeds from the two ways of making the six changes on three bells. This last way of making the extream changes, may, for distinction from the other way, be called _mediums_; which term is very proper, in regard that the two middlemost of the four notes do always make the extream change. The extream changes in one peal must all be made alike, that is, either betwixt the two farthest notes from the hunt, or else betwixt the two nearest notes to it; but the most usual way is to make them between the two farthest.

Any note may be made a hunt at pleasure, and its first motion at the beginning of the peal may be either up or down. The twenty four changes may be rung sixteen ways according to the aforesaid method, yet the changes to each are still one and the same; but by making each note a hunt, and moving it either up or down at the beginning, and also by making the extream changes two ways, the course of the changes will be so altered, that the same changes shall not come all along together in any two of those sixteen ways. With the hunting of one note it may be rung four ways; for the note may move either up or down at the beginning of the peal; then in its motion either way the extream changes maybe made two ways, as before: so that to make each note a hunt, and with each hunt to ring it four ways makes sixteen in the whole. Wherein ’tis observable, that the treble-note cannot be moved down at first, nor the _4th_ up; therefore an extream change must first be made, which is as effectual as if either note had moved at first. I have here prickt the twenty four changes three ways, wherein the extream changes are all made betwixt the two farthest notes from the hunt.

_2d. │ _3d. │_4th. down_ │ up_ │ up_ │ │ _1234_│_1234_│_1234_ 2134 │ 1243 │ 2134 2143 │ 2143 │ 2143 1243 │ 2134 │ 2413 1423 │ 2314 │ 4213 1432 │ 3214 │ 4231 4132 │ 3241 │ 2431 4123 │ 2341 │ 2341 4213 │ 2431 │ 2314 2413 │ 2413 │ 3214 2431 │ 4213 │ 3241 4231 │ 4231 │ 3421 4321 │ 4321 │ 4321 4312 │ 3421 │ 4312 3412 │ 3412 │ 3412 3421 │ 4312 │ 3142 3241 │ 4132 │ 3124 2341 │ 4123 │ 1324 2314 │ 1423 │ 1342 3214 │ 1432 │ 1432 3124 │ 1342 │ 4132 3142 │ 3142 │ 4123 1342 │ 3124 │ 1423 1324 │ 1324 │ 1243 1234 │ 1234 │ 1234

_The Changes on five Bells._

There are sixscore changes to be rung on five bells; but the Learner may first practice some shorter peals, as the Ten changes, the twelve, the Fourteen, the Twenty all over, the Twenty with one hunt, and the Forty eight.

In the Ten changes the treble must first hunt up (_a_); the 2.3 must make a change (_b_). The treble must hunt down again (_c_); the 3.2 must make another change (_d_). The ten changes may also be rung by hunting down the 5 to lead; then 3.4 to make a change; the 5 to be hunted up again, and the 4.3 to make another change.

│12345 ───┼───── _a_│21345 „ │23145 „ │23415 „ │23451 ───┼───── _b_│32451 ───┼───── _c_│32415 „ │32145 „ │31245 „ │13245 ───┼───── _d_│12345

In the Twelve changes the treble hunts up into the third place, then the two first notes make a change; the treble hunts down again, then the two hindmost notes make a change. First the treble hunts into the _3d_ place (_a_); the two first notes 2.3 make a change (_b_). The treble hunts down (_c_); the two last notes make a change (_d_); the treble hunts up (_e_); the two first notes make a change (_f_); the treble hunts down (_g_); the two last notes make another change (_h_).

│12345 ───┼───── _a_│21345 „ │23145 ───┼───── _b_│32145 ───┼───── _c_│31245 „ │13245 ───┼───── _d_│13254 ───┼───── _e_│31254 „ │32154 ───┼───── _f_│23154 ───┼───── _g_│21354 „ │12354 ───┼───── _h_│12345

In the Fourteen changes, the treble first hunts up behind; then the 5 hunts down to lead; the treble then hunts down again into its own place; and the fifth also hunts up into its own place.

The Twenty all over are rung in the same manner as the Twelve all over upon four bells, to which I refer.

In the Twenty changes with one hunt, the hunting note continually hunts up and down through the other notes, and every time it lies either before or behind them, an extream change must be made betwixt the two farthest notes from it. The treble shall be the hunt, and first hunteth up (_a_). An extream change is made (_b_); the treble hunts down (_c_); an extream change is made (_d_); which course must be continued to the end. The extream changes may also be made betwixt the two next notes to the hunt. Any note may be made a hunt at pleasure, yet still observing to make the extreams as before.

│12345 ───┼───── _a_│21345 „ │23145 „ │23415 „ │23451 ───┼───── _b_│32451 ───┼───── _c_│32415 „ │32145 „ │31245 „ │13245 ───┼───── _d_│13254

In the forty eight changes, the _5th_ and _4th_ are both hunts, and 1 2 3 do make the six changes; the 5.4 do hunt down by turns, and when either of them leads, then one of the six changes is made. First the 5 hunts down (_a_); one of the six changes is made (_b_); the 5 hunts up into its own place (_c_); the 4 hunts down (_d_); another of the six changes is made (_e_); then the 4 must hunt up, and the 5 down again, _&c._ which course must be continued to the end.

│12345 ───┼───── _a_│12354 „ │12534 „ │15234 „ │51234 ───┼───── _b_│52134 ───┼───── _c_│25134 „ │21534 „ │21354 „ │21345 ───┼───── _d_│21435 „ │24135 „ │42135 ───┼───── _e_│42315

In the Sixscore changes, four of the notes do make the Twenty four changes, and the fifth note hunts continually through them: so that the course and method of the Sixscore is in effect the same with that of the Four and twenty. For as the Four and twenty comprehended the Six changes on three; so in like manner the Sixscore comprehend the Four and twenty changes on four, and the Six changes on three. Therefore in the Sixscore there must be two hunts and three extream bells; one of the hunts is term’d the whole-hunt, and the other the half-hunt, The three extream bells do make the Six changes in the same manner as they were made before in the Four and twenty changes upon four bells, and are here also call’d Extream changes: the half-hunt and three extream bells do make the Four and twenty changes in the same manner as the Four and twenty changes on four bells were likewise made: and the whole hunt continually hunts through those four bells, and every time it either leads or lies behind them, one change must then be made in the twenty four. 1 shall here be the whole-hunt, 2 the half-hunt, and 345 extream bells: so that 2345 must make the four and twenty changes. Every extream change shall be made betwixt the two farthest extream bells from the half-hunt. First, the treble hunts up (_a_). One of the twenty four changes must now be made; and therefore 2 which is the hunt in the twenty four, must begin its motion through the extream bells (_b_). The treble hunts down (_c_); the half-hunt must proceed in its course (_d_); the whole-hunt hunts up (_e_); The half-hunt proceeds forward (_f_); the whole-hunt moves down (_g_). The half-hunt should now proceed, but having finished its course through the extream bells, therefore an extream change must now be made betwixt the two farthest extream bells from it, which are 3.4 (_h_). The treble must hunt up (_i_); the half-hunt must now begin its course again through the extream bells (_k_); treble hunts down (_l_); the half-hunt proceeds in its course down (_m_); treble hunts up (_n_); the half-hunt proceeds in its course down (_o_); treble hunts down (_p_); the half-hunt having finished its course, therefore an extream change must be made betwixt the two farthest extream bells from it, which are 3.5 (_q_). The treble hunts up (_r_). The half-hunt begins its motion again through the extream bells, and first it moves up over _4th_ (_s_). The whole hunt moves down (_t_); the half-hunt must proceed in its course, and therefore must move over another note (_v_). And this method being observed, will produce sixscore changes, and then the bells will in course come round. Now ’tis observable, that the changes at (_b d f h k m o q s v x_ and _z_), being set down by themselves, that is, the 1 to be excluded, and the changes on 2345 to be set directly under one another in the same successive order as they were made, it will thereby appear, that those four figures have made twelve changes of the twenty four, according to the method of the first twenty four changes on four bells before set down. And whereas here are just half the sixscore changes prickt down, so likewise here are just half the four and twenty changes made therein: and the remaining part of this sixscore being likewise prickt, the remaining part of this four and twenty would also appear therein, which part being added to the former twelve, would make up the twenty four changes compleat; and the method of them the same in all respects with the first twenty four changes on four bells, _page._

│12345 ───┼───── _a_│21345 „ │23145 „ │23415 „ │23451 ───┼───── _b_│32451 ───┼───── _c_│32415 „ │32145 „ │31245 „ │13245 ───┼───── _d_│13425 ───┼───── _e_│31425 „ │34125 „ │34215 „ │34251 ───┼───── _f_│34521 ───┼───── _g_│34512 „ │34152 „ │31452 „ │13452 ───┼───── _h_│14352 ───┼───── _i_│41352 „ │43152 „ │43512 „ │43521 ───┼───── _k_│43251 ───┼───── _l_│43215 „ │43125 „ │41325 „ │14325 ───┼───── _m_│14235 ───┼───── _n_│41235 ───┼───── „ │42135 „ │42315 „ │42351 ───┼───── _o_│24351 ───┼───── _p_│24315 „ │24135 „ │21435 „ │12435 ───┼───── _q_│12453 ───┼───── _r_│21453 „ │24153 „ │24513 „ │24531 ───┼───── _s_│42531 ───┼───── _t_│42513 „ │42153 „ │41253 „ │14253 ───┼───── _v_│14523 ───┼───── _w_│41523 „ │45123 „ │45213 „ │45231 ───┼───── _x_│45321 ───┼───── _y_│45312 „ │45132 „ │41532 „ │14532 ───┼───── _z_│15432