Chapter 5 of 13 · 3981 words · ~20 min read

Part 5

Any note may be made a whole hunt at pleasure, and its first motion at the beginning of the peal may either be up or down. Any note may also be made a half-hunt, and its first motion likewise up or down at pleasure; yet still observing that the half-hunt and three extream bells must make the twenty four changes, as in this last example. So that in the sixscore changes the Learner may observe, that the three extream bells are always assigned for the half-hunt to hunt through; and the half-hunt and three extream bells are also assigned for the whole-hunt to hunt through: so that the whole-hunt always hunts through four notes, and the half-hunt through three. The extream changes may be made two ways; first, betwixt the two farthest extream bells from the half-hunt, as in this last example; secondly, betwixt the two next extream bells to the half-hunt, which may be called _mediums_, for distinction from the former. But the most usual and easiest way, is to make them betwixt the two farthest notes from the half-hunt.

Whereas the treble or fifth being made whole-hunts, the first of them can neither be moved down, nor the last up, at the beginning of a peal; therefore one of the twenty four changes must first be made, which is as effectual, as if the treble had moved down, or the 5th up.

The Learner may observe, that two of the four and twenty changes are never made together in any sixscore, but as soon as one is made, the whole-hunt moves through the four notes before another can be made.

The sixscore changes may be rung one hundred and sixty ways, which are thus demonstrable. There are five times four figures to be produced out of five, and not twice four the same figures: as 1234. 1235. 1245. 1345. 2345. with each four the twenty four changes may be prickt sixteen ways, as before I have shewed on four bells; so that here will be five times sixteen four and twenties, which amount to eighty, and not two alike. Now to each four add the fifth figure which is wanting, as to 1234 add 5, to 1235 add 4, to 1245 add 3, to 1345 add 2, to 2345 add 1, and every fifth figure being hunted through the sixteen four and twenties, which the other four make, as the 5 through the sixteen four and twenties which the 1234 make, and the like of the rest, will produce as many sixscores as there were four and twenties, that is, 80. Then the whole hunt may hunt two ways through each four and twenty, that is, up and down at the beginning, which doubles the former number, and makes 160 in the whole.

_Treble up, fifth down._

12345 │ 12534 │ 15243 │ 21453 │ ————— │ 14325 │ 13524 ————— │ 21534 │ 51243 │ 24153 │ 14253 │_Extre._│ 13254 21345 │ 25134 │ 52143 │ 24513 │ 14523 │ 13425 │ ————— 23145 │ 25314 │ 52413 │ 24531 │ ————— │ ————— │ 13245 23415 │ 25341 │ 52431 │ 24351 │ 15423 │ 13452 │_Extre._ 23451 │ 52341 │ 25431 │ 24315 │_Extre._│ 13542 │ 12345 23541 │ 52314 │ 25413 │ 24135 │ 15432 │ ————— │ 23514 │ 52134 │ 25143 │ 21435 │ ————— │ 15342 │ 23154 │ 51234 │ 21543 │ 12435 │ 14532 │_Extre._│ 21354 │ 15234 │ 12543 │_Extre._│ 14352 │ 15324 │ 12354 │_Extre._│ 12453 │ 14235 │ ————— │ ————— │

_Treble up, fourth down._

12345 │ 12435 │ 41253 │ 21543 │ 52134 │ ————— │ 14325 ————— │ 14235 │ 14253 │ 12543 │ 51234 │ 15342 │ 13425 21345 │ 41235 │ 12453 │ 12534 │ 15234 │ 15324 │ ————— 23145 │ 42135 │ 21453 │ 21534 │ 15243 │ ————— │ 13245 23415 │ 42315 │ 24153 │ 25134 │ ————— │ 13524 │ 13254 23451 │ 42351 │ 24513 │ 25314 │ 15423 │ 13542 │ ————— 24351 │_Extre._│ 24531 │ 25341 │ 14523 │ ————— │ 12354 24315 │ 42531 │ 25431 │_Extre._│ ————— │ 13452 │ 12345 24135 │ 42513 │ 25413 │ 52341 │ 14532 │ 14352 │ ————— 21435 │ 42153 │ 25143 │ 52314 │ 15432 │ ————— │

_Second down, fourth up._

12345 │ 31524 │ 34125 │ 43512 │ 35412 │_Extre._ ————— │ 31254 │ 34215 │ 43521 │ 35421 │ 53142 21345 │ 32154 │ 32415 │ 43251 │ 35241 │ 53124 21354 │ 23154 │ 23415 │ 42351 │ 32541 │ 53214 12354 │ 23145 │ 24315 │ 24351 │ 23541 │ 52314 13254 │ 32145 │ 42315 │ 23451 │ 23514 │ 25314 13524 │ 31245 │ 43215 │ 32415 │ 32514 │ 25341 13542 │ 31425 │ 43125 │ 34251 │ 35214 │ 52341 _Extre._│ 31452 │ 43152 │ 34521 │ 35124 │ 53241 31542 │ 34152 │_Extre._│ 34512 │ 35142 │ _&c._

In ringing terms the hunts are named in short, as in the peals here prickt. The first which is named is here understood to be the whole-hunt, and the last the half-hunt. For instance, Treble is the whole-hunt, and fifth the half-hunt; and treble is the whole-hunt, and fourth the half-hunt, _&c._

_The Changes on six Bells._

There are seven hundred and twenty changes to be rung of six bells. But the Learner may first practice some shorter peals.

The twenty four changes are thus rung. The treble must continually hunt through the rest of the notes, and every time it leads or lies behind them, an extream change must then be made between the two farthest notes from it. The treble hunts up (_a_). A change is made betwixt the two farthest notes from it, which are 2.3 (_b_). The treble hunts down (_c_). An extream change is made betwixt 5.6 (_d_), which method must be continued to the end. Any note may be made a hunt at pleasure, and the extream changes may as well be made betwixt the two nearest notes to the hunt. The Thirty-all-over are rung according to the method of the Twelve all over upon four bells, to which I refer.

│123456 ───┼────── _a_│213456 „ │231456 „ │234156 „ │234516 „ │234561 ───┼────── _b_│324561 ───┼────── _c_│324516 „ │324156 „ │321456 „ │312456 „ │132456 ───┼────── _d_│132465

The thirty six changes are thus rung. The treble hunts up into the third place, and then the two first notes make a change. The treble hunts down again to lead, and then the two notes in the _3d_ and _4th_ places do make a change, except the 2 lies next the treble, and then the two hindmost notes. The treble hunts up (_a_). The two first notes make a change (_b_). The treble hunts down (_c_); the 2.4 make a change (_d_). In which manner the changes are to be made untill the treble leads, and the 2 (which may be term’d the half-hunt) lies next it, and then the extream change is made behind, as in the last change of this example, there being but two of these changes in the peal.

│123456 ───┼────── _a_│213456 „ │231456 ───┼────── _b_│321456 ───┼────── _c_│312456 „ │132456 ───┼────── _d_│134256 ───┼────── _e_│314256 „ │341256 ───┼────── _f_│431256 ───┼────── _g_│413256 „ │143256 ───┼────── _h_│142356 ───┼────── _i_│412356 „ │421356 ───┼────── _k_│241356 ───┼────── _l_│214356 „ │124356 ───┼────── _m_│124365 │_&c._

In the Twelvescore long-hunts, (otherwise called the _Esquire’s twelvescore_); the _6th_ and _5th_ are hunts, and 1234 do make the twenty four changes. The _6th_ and _5th_ do hunt down by turns, and when either of them leads, one of the twenty four changes must then be made. The course and method of this is the same with that of the forty eight changes on five bells, to which I refer the Learner.

In the Sevenscore and four, the treble and tenor are both hunts; and 2345 do make the twenty four changes, 2 being the hunt therein. The treble and tenor do both hunt at one and the same time, the one up, and the other down, crossing each others course; and when one of them leads, the other always lies behind; at which time one of the twenty four changes must be made. The extream changes in this peal are made in the same manner as before I have shewed upon four bells. The treble hunts up, and the tenor down (_a_). One of the twenty four changes is made (_b_). The treble hunts down, and the tenor up (_c_). Another of the twenty four changes is made (_d_). The treble hunts up, and the tenor down (_e_), _&c._ which method must be observed to the end.

│123456 ───┼────── _a_│213465 „ │231645 „ │236145 „ │263415 „ │623451 ───┼────── _b_│632451 ───┼────── _c_│362415 „ │326145 „ │321645 „ │312465 „ │132456 ───┼────── _d_│134256 ───┼────── _e_│314265 „ │341625 „ │346125 „ │364215 „ │634251 ───┼────── _f_│634521 │_&c._

In the sixscore changes there is a whole-hunt, a half-hunt, and four extream bells. The half-hunt and four extream bells do make the twenty changes in the same manner as the twenty changes were made upon five bells with one hunt. _page 61._ The whole hunt hath a continual motion through the other five notes, and every time it leads and lies behind them, one of the twenty changes must then be made. In this example, treble is the whole-hunt, 2 the half-hunt, and 3456 extream bells; therefore 23456 must make the twenty changes wherein 2 is the hunt, and every time it lies either before the four extream bells, or behind them, an extream change must then be made, which here shall be betwixt the two farthest extream bells from the half-hunt. The treble hunts up (_a_). One of the twenty changes must now be made, therefore 2 being the hunt in it, must begin its course through the extream bells (_b_). The treble hunts down (_c_); The half-hunt proceeds forward (_d_); the treble hunts up (_e_); the half-hunt proceeds forward in its course (_f_); the treble hunts down (_g_); the 2 proceeds forward (_h_); the treble hunts up (_i_); the half-hunt should now proceed forward, but its course through the extream bells being finished, therefore an extream change must be made betwixt 3.4, which are the two farthest extream bells from it, (_k_). The treble must hunt down (_l_); the half-hunt must now go its course again through the extream bells, and first it moves down under the _6th_, (_m_) _&c._ which method must be continued to the end. Any note may be made a whole hunt at pleasure, or a half-hunt also. And the extream changes may be made betwixt the two nearest extream notes to the half-hunt; but withall observing to make all the extreams in one peal alike. There are four extream changes in each peal, and thirty changes distance from one to another.

│123456 ───┼────── _a_│213456 „ │231456 „ │234156 „ │234516 „ │234561 ───┼────── _b_│324561 ───┼────── _c_│324516 „ │324156 „ │321456 „ │312456 „ │132456 ───┼────── _d_│134256 ───┼────── _e_│314256 „ │341256 „ │342156 „ │342516 „ │342561 ───┼────── _f_│345261 ───┼────── _g_│345216 „ │345126 „ │341526 „ │314526 „ │134526 ───┼────── _h_│134562 ───┼────── _i_│314562 „ │341562 „ │345162 „ │345612 „ │345621 ───┼────── _k_│435621 ───┼────── _l_│435612 „ │435162 „ │431562 „ │413562 „ │143562 ───┼────── _m_│143526 │_&c._

The method of the Seven hundred and twenty, hath an absolute dependency upon the method of the Sixscore changes on five bells; for five of the notes are to make the sixscore changes, and the sixth note hunts continually through them, and every time it leads or lies behind them, one of the Sixscore changes must then be made. The method of the Seven hundred and Twenty is in effect the same with that of the Sixscore: for as the Sixscore comprehended the Twenty four changes on four, and the Six on three; so likewise the Seven hundred and twenty comprehend the Sixscore changes on five, the Twenty four changes on four, and the Six changes on three. Therefore here must be three Hunts, and three Extream bells: the three Hunts are thus distinguished; one of them is call’d the _whole-hunt_, another the _half-hunt_, and the other the _quarter-hunt_. The Half-hunt, Quarter-hunt, and three Extream bells, are to make the Sixscore changes; the Quarter-hunt and three Extream bells are to make the Twenty four changes, and the three Extream bells are to make the _six_ changes, which are here also called _extream_ changes, and made in the same manner as before I have shewed upon four bells. In this example here prickt, _treble_ is the _whole-hunt_, _2d_ the _half-hunt_, _3d_ the _quarter-hunt_, and _4 5 6_ _extream_ bells. Now ’tis observable, that 4 5 6 are to make the six _extream_ changes, which will divide the _seven hundred and twenty_ into six equal parts; the 3 4 5 6 are to make the _twenty four_ changes, wherein the _3d_ is the _hunt_, (but in the _seven hundred and twenty_ ’tis call’d the _quarter-hunt_;) and 2 3 4 5 6 are to make the _sixscore_ changes, wherein the _2d_ is the _whole-hunt_ (though in the 720 ’tis call’d the _half-hunt_,) by which ’tis evident, that the _treble_ continually hunts through these five 2 3 4 5 6, the _2d_ through the four 3 4 5 6, and the _3d_ through these three 4 5 6; which are assigned for the respective _hunts_ to hunt through, from the beginning to the end of the peal. First the _treble_ hunts up (_a_). Now one of the _sixscore_ changes must be made, therefore the _2d_ being the _hunt_ in the _sixscore_, must begin its course through the other four notes (_b_). The _treble_ hunts down (_c_); the _2d_ proceeds in its course (_d_); the _treble_ hunts up (_e_). The _2d_ proceedeth forward in its course (_f_); the _treble_ hunts down (_g_); the _2d_ proceeds forward (_h_); the _treble_ hunts up (_i_); the _2d_, which is the _half-hunt_, should now proceed forward, but having finished its course through the four bells, therefore the _3d_, which is the _quarter-hunt_, must begin its motion through the _extream_ bells (_k_). The _treble_ hunts down (_l_). The _half-hunt_ must now begin its course again through the four bells, and first therefore it moves down under the 6 (_m_). The _treble_ must hunt up again, and then the _2d_ must move down under another bell, which method must be observed untill the _2d_ has moved quite down through the four bells again, and then the _3d_ must proceed forward by moving over another of the _extream_ bells; which method must be observed in the motion of the three _hunts_, until the _quarter-hunt_ hath moved up behind the _extream_ bells, and then the _whole_ and _half-hunts_, having gone their course again through the bells, an _extream_ change must be made: after which the _whole_, _half_, and _quarter-hunts_ proceed again in their course as before.

The letter _h_ standing by the figures signifies _half-hunt_, that is, the motion of the _half-hunt_ in that change; and likewise _q_ the _quarter-hunt_. Here are the first _sixscore_ changes of a _seven hundred and twenty_; wherein ’tis observable, that all the changes at _h_ and _q_ being set down by themselves in the same successive order as they were made, that is, the 1 to be excluded, and the changes on the other five figures to be set down directly under one another, and the _extream_ change at last, it will thereby appear, that the five figures have made twenty changes of a _sixscore_, according to the method of the example on five bells, _page 63._ with this only difference, these are made on 23456, and those were made on 12345; but the five figures of each have both alike course, the _2d_ and _3d_ going the same course in this, as the _treble_ and _2d_ did in that. Now whereas the _sixscore_ changes here prickt down are a sixth part of the _seven hundred_ and _twenty_, so likewise are the _twenty changes_, here made by 23456, a sixth part of the _sixscore_: and then consequently, the _seven hundred_ and _twenty_ changes being all prickt, the _sixscore_ changes on 23456 would plainly appear therein, in the same manner as twenty of them appear in this _sixscore_. Therefore more need not be said of the method of the 720, since the method of the _sixscore_ changes on five bells being well understood, will be a sure and certain guide to the Learner: only this one thing farther; in ringing of this peal with any _hunts_, the second _extream_ change being made between the two bells which made the first _extream_, will always bring the bells round at the end of the _twelvescore_. But after _twelvescore_ are made, they cannot in course be brought round until the end of the 720.

│_123456_│ │ │ │ │ │ │ 213456 │ │ 435612 │ │ 214536 │ │ 456312 │ 231456 │ │ 435162 │ │ 241536 │ │ 456132 │ 234156 │ │ 431562 │ │ 245136 │ │ 451632 │ 234516 │ │ 413562 │ │ 245316 │ │ 415632 │ 234561 │ │ 143562 │ │ 245361 │ │ 145632 _h_│ 324561 │_h_│ 143526 │_h_│ 425361 │_h_│ 145623 │ 324516 │ │ 413526 │ │ 425316 │ │ 415623 │ 324156 │ │ 431526 │ │ 425136 │ │ 451623 │ 321456 │ │ 435126 │ │ 421536 │ │ 456123 │ 312456 │ │ 435216 │ │ 412536 │ │ 456213 │ 132456 │ │ 435261 │ │ 142536 │ │ 456231 _h_│ 134256 │_h_│ 432561 │_h_│ 145236 │_h_│ 452631 │ 314256 │ │ 432516 │ │ 415236 │ │ 452613 │ 341256 │ │ 432156 │ │ 451236 │ │ 452163 │ 342156 │ │ 431256 │ │ 452136 │ │ 451263 │ 342516 │ │ 413256 │ │ 452316 │ │ 415263 │ 342561 │ │ 143256 │ │ 452361 │ │ 145263 _h_│ 345261 │_h_│ 142356 │_h_│ 453261 │_h_│ 142563 │ 345216 │ │ 412356 │ │ 453216 │ │ 412563 │ 345126 │ │ 421356 │ │ 453126 │ │ 421563 │ 341526 │ │ 423156 │ │ 451326 │ │ 425163 │ 314526 │ │ 423516 │ │ 415326 │ │ 425613 │ 134526 │ │ 423561 │ │ 145326 │ │ 425631 _h_│ 134562 │_h_│ 243561 │_h_│ 145362 │_h_│ 245631 │ 314562 │ │ 243516 │ │ 415362 │ │ 245613 │ 341562 │ │ 243156 │ │ 451362 │ │ 245163 │ 345162 │ │ 241356 │ │ 453162 │ │ 241563 │ 345612 │ │ 214356 │ │ 453612 │ │ 214563 │ 345621 │ │ 124356 │ │ 453621 │ │ 124563 _q_│ 435621 │_q_│ 124536 │_q_│ 456321 │ │ Extre. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 125463

The 720 changes may be rung one thousand nine hundred and twenty several ways, which is thus demonstrable. There are six times five figures to be produced out of six, and not twice five the same: as 12345. 12346. 12356. 12456. 13456. 23456. and with each five the _sixscore_ changes may be prickt one hundred and sixty ways, as before I have shewed on five bells. Now to each five add the sixth figure which is wanting, as to 12345 add 6, to 12346 add 5, to 12456 add 3, to 13456 add 2, and to 23456 add 1. And the sixth figure which is added, being hunted through all the several _sixscores_ which the other five figures make; for instance, the 6 through the 160 several _sixscores_ which 12345 make, and the 5 also through the 160 several _sixscores_, which 12346 make, and the like of the rest; will produce as many _seven hundred_ and _twenties_ as there are _sixscores_, that is, six times one hundred and sixty, which amounts to nine hundred and sixty. Then the note that hunts through the other five, may hunt two ways through each _sixscore_, that is, up and down, which will double the former number, and make nineteen hundred and twenty in the whole.

[Illustration: [Fleuron]]

AN INTRODUCTION to the Knowledge of _CROSSE PEALS_.

These Peals are term’d _cross_ in respect of their intricate methods; wherein several notes moving at one and the same time, do thwart or _cross_ each other in their course and motion, some moving up, others at the same time down, gives this Denomination to the Peals. The end of pricking them is to make the compleat number of changes by a method differing from that of other Peals. For although five can be varied but 120 ways, and six but 720 _&c._ yet the methods by which they are varied, are differing, according to the several fancies of the Artist. And as order and method are the only _basis_ on which this Art is founded; so the skilful Artists, the better to effect the aforesaid end, have thought fit in most peals to appoint one note to be as it were a Helm or Rudder, by which the course of the peal is steered; which note is term’d a _Hunt_, and hath one constant uniform motion throughout the peal, differing from that of the other notes. The manner of its motion is continually through the other notes, that is, from leading to strike behind, and from thence again to lead, which motion, first up and then down, is term’d one compleat Course. Some peals upon five bells, as _old Doubles_, _&c._ consist of single Courses; there being ten changes in every single Course, and twelve of those Courses in the peal. Other peals upon five bells, as _London Paradox_, _&c._ consist of double Courses; there being twenty changes in every double Course, and six of those Courses in the peal. Upon six bells there are also single and double Courses, _viz._ twelve changes in every single Course, as in _Grandsire Bob_ _&c._ and twenty four changes in every double Course, as in _Colledg Bob_, _&c._ the change wherein the _Hunt_ leaves leading being the first change of every Course. Now the methods of these peals being well considered, they will be found more easie than at the first view they may seem to be; for the first Course of any Cross Peal being judiciously viewed, the general method of the whole peal will thereby appear: for all the Courses in a Cross peal do agree in these three respects. First, in the motion of the _Hunt_; secondly, in the motion of the rest of the notes; thirdly, in the making of the changes, which will plainly appear in the following peals, (some few changes in each peal only excepted, as hereafter I shall shew in my Directions to the several peals:) for proof of which I will give an instance in the peal of new Doubles upon five bells, these being the three first Courses of the peal. Wherein ’tis observable, that the last change of the first Course which is 13524, I have set down again at the top of the second Course; and likewise the last change of the second Course which is 15432, I have also put at the top of the third course; which I have done for the plainer Demonstration of what I here intend. So that the ten lowermost changes are the ten changes of each Course.