Part 4
HEAD.—Fair length; muzzle cut off square, tapering gradually from the eye, not snipy; skull rising in a graceful curve from stop, and with same outline at occiput, the curve line being flatter, but still curving at middle of skull. Head should be narrowest at the eyes, and broadest at set-on of ears, and, viewed from the front, outline between ears should be a nearly perfect segment of a circle. Stop is marked, and a groove runs up the skull, gradually becoming less apparent, till lost about half-way to occiput. This prevents the domed King Charles skull, and produces a light, graceful, well-balanced head. Jaws level. Teeth strong, regular. Eyes round and moderately full, corresponding in color with coat. Ears lobular, set on low; leather fine, and not extending beyond nose; well clothed with long, silky hair, which _must_ be straight or wavy—no positive curls or ringlets.
NECK AND SHOULDERS.—Neck sufficiently long to allow the nose to reach the ground easily; muscular, and running into well-shaped, sloping shoulders.
BODY.—Ribs well sprung; chest of fair width and depth; body well ribbed back, short in the coupling; flank free from any tucked-up appearance; loins strong; length from tip of nose to root of tail about twice the height at shoulder.
[Illustration]
LEGS AND FEET.—Fore legs short, strong in bone and muscle, straight, neither bent in nor out at elbows; pasterns straight, short, and strong; elbows well let down. Hind legs strong; well-bent stifles; hocks straight, and near the ground. Feet of good size, round, turning neither in nor out; toes not too spreading; soles furnished with hard, horny pads, with plenty of hair between the toes.
COAT.—Abundant, soft, and silky, straight or wavy, without curl; chest, legs, and tail well feathered; no topknot nor curly hair on top of head.
TAIL.—Usually docked; carried nearly level with back. At work it is carried lower, with a quick, nervous action which is characteristic of the breed.
[Illustration]
THE SPANIEL (FIELD).
[Illustration: Rowland P. Keasbey’s, 874 Broadway, New York.
BLACK NIGHT.]
ORIGIN.—Probably one of the oldest of the known breeds, coming originally from Spain; in fact, it is claimed as the parent of the setter.
[Illustration]
USES.—Hunting game-birds, principally woodcock and partridge.
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value. Head 15 Ears 10 Neck 5 Shoulders and arms 10 Legs and feet 15 Body and quarters 20 Coat and feather 15 Tail 10 --- Total 100
[Illustration]
GENERAL APPEARANCE.—Considerably larger, heavier, stronger in build than the cocker. Conformation should be long and low, more so than the cocker. Colors most preferred are solid black or liver; but liver and white, black and white, black and tan, orange, and orange and white are all legitimate spaniel colors.
HEAD.—Long, and not too wide, carried gracefully; skull showing clearly cut brows, but without a very pronounced stop; occiput distinct, and rising considerably above set-on of ears. Muzzle long, with well-developed nose, not too thick immediately in front of eye, and maintaining nearly same breadth to the point; sufficient flew to give a certain squareness to muzzle and avoid snipiness. Teeth sound and regular. Eyes intelligent and dark, not showing haw, nor so large as to be prominent or goggle-eyed. Ears long, and hung low on skull, lobe-shaped, and covered with straight or slightly wavy silky feather.
[Illustration]
NECK.—Long, graceful, and free from throatiness; not too thick, but strongly set into shoulders and brisket.
SHOULDERS AND ARMS.—Shoulder-blades should lie obliquely, with sufficient looseness of attachment to give freedom to forearms, which should be well let down.
LEGS AND FEET.—Fore legs straight, very strong and short. Hind legs well bent at stifle-joint, with plenty of muscular power. Feet of good size, with thick, well-developed pads; not flat nor spreading.
[Illustration]
BODY AND QUARTERS.—Long, with well-sprung ribs; strong, slightly arching loins, well coupled to the quarters, which may droop slightly toward stern.
COAT AND FEATHER.—Coat as straight and flat as possible, silky in texture, of sufficient denseness to afford good protection to the skin in thorny coverts, and moderately long; feather long and ample, straight or very slightly wavy, heavily fringing ears, back of fore legs, between toes, and on back of quarters.
TAIL.—Strong, and not carried higher than level of back.
[Illustration]
THE SPANIEL (IRISH WATER).
[Illustration: T. A. Carson’s, Kingston, Ontario.
MUSHA.]
ORIGIN.—This cannot be traced, yet it is supposed to have a decided cross of the poodle.
USES.—Retrieving wounded game from the water.
[Illustration]
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value. Head, jaw, eyes, and topknot 20 Ears 5 Neck 5 Body 10 Fore legs 10 Hind legs 10 Feet 5 Stern 10 Coat 15 General appearance 10 --- Total 100
GENERAL APPEARANCE.—A strong, somewhat leggy dog.
HEAD.—Skull medium length, rather broad; very little stop Muzzle long, and broad to end. Eyes dark brown, and very intelligent. Ears long, and covered with curls.
NECK.—Long, slightly arched, and muscular.
BODY.—Fair-sized; barrel well rounded and ribbed up.
NOSE.—Liver-colored, large, and well developed.
[Illustration]
SHOULDERS AND CHEST.—Shoulders long and oblique; chest deep, but not very wide.
BACK AND LOINS.—Back strong and flat; loins strong, fair length, and a trifle arched.
[Illustration]
HIND QUARTERS.—Long; hocks well let down, and stifles straighter than in other varieties of spaniels.
STERN.—Strong at root, and tapering to a fine point; the hair on it must be quite short, straight, and close-lying.
LEGS AND FEET.—Legs well boned and quite straight, somewhat long. Feet rather large.
COAT.—All over little curls, hard, but not woolly. The topknot of long hair should fall over the eyes in a peak, and legs should have as little feather on them as possible.
COLOR.—A rich, dark liver. White on toes or breast a _defect_, but not a disqualification.
NEGATIVE POINTS.
Value. Feather on stern 10 White on chest 5
[Illustration]
THE SPANIEL (JAPANESE).
[Illustration: W. J. Burkhardt’s, 1301 Broadway, Brooklyn, N. Y.
JINGO.]
ORIGIN.—A native of Japan, where it is also called the “sleeve-dog,” on account of being carried there by the “swells” of that country.
USES.—Simply a pet dog, and extremely intelligent.
[Illustration]
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value. Head—size and shape of skull 10 Shortness of face and muzzle 10 Width of muzzle 5 Eyes 10 Ears 10 Coat and markings 15 Size and symmetry 20 Legs and feet 10 Tail 10 --- Total 100
HEAD AND NECK.—Head large, broad; slightly rounded skull; neck short, and moderately thick. Eyes large, dark, lustrous, rather prominent, wide apart. Muzzle strong, wide, very short from stop to nose; jaws upturned; teeth not to be shown; nose very short, the end wide with open nostrils, and same color as markings. Ears small, V-shaped; well feathered, set high, and wide apart; carried forward.
BODY.—Compact, squarely built, cobby, the body and legs forming a square.
[Illustration]
LEGS AND FEET.—Bones of legs small, slender, well feathered. Feet small, cat-like; the feather increasing the length, _never_ the width.
TAIL.—Carried over back in tight curl; profusely feathered.
COAT.—Profuse, long, straight, rather silky, free from wave, not too flat.
COLOR.—Black, red, or white; parti-colors with white ground preferred. Blenheim markings are most showy. In variation of markings the colors _must_ remain distinct.
WEIGHT.—Four to nine pounds; the smaller, the better.
[Illustration]
THE SPANIEL (SUSSEX).
[Illustration: Rowland P. Keasbey’s, 874 Broadway, New York.
COLESHILL RUFUS.]
ORIGIN.—It is impossible to trace this origin.
USES.—Hunting pheasants, and sometimes for its fur.
SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value. Head and jaw 15 Eyes 5 Ears 5 Neck 5 Body 15 Fore legs 10 Hind legs 10 Feet 5 Stern 5 Coat and feather 10 General appearance 15 --- Total 100
[Illustration]
GENERAL APPEARANCE.—Rather massive and muscular, but with free movements and nice tail action.
HEAD.—Moderately long, massive, with depth in proportion; skull broad, and forehead prominent. Eyes hazel, fairly large, and languishing, not showing haw overmuch. Ears thick, fairly large, lobe-shaped; set moderately low, but relatively not so low as in black or other spaniels; carried close to head, and furnished with wavy hair.
[Illustration]
NECK.—Muscular, and slightly arched.
BODY.—Long, with well-sprung ribs; fair depth behind shoulders.
NOSE.—Liver color; muzzle large and square; lips somewhat pendulous; nostrils well developed.
SHOULDERS AND CHEST.—Shoulders oblique; chest deep and wide.
BACK AND LOINS.—Back level and long; loins broad.
HIND QUARTERS.—Strong; thighs muscular, and hocks low down.
[Illustration]
STERN.—Docked from 5 to 8 inches; set low; not carried above level of back.
LEGS AND FEET.—Legs short and strong; immense bone, and a slight bend in forearm. Feet large, round, and moderately well feathered, with short hair between toes.
COAT.—Body-coat abundant; flat or slightly waved, with no tendency to curl; moderately well feathered on legs and stern, but clean below hocks.
COLOR.—Dark golden liver; not a light ginger or snuff color, but of a rich bronze tinge, not puce.
WEIGHT.—From 35 to 45 pounds.
[Illustration]
SPANIELS (TOY)—BLENHEIM, KING CHARLES, PRINCE CHARLES, AND RUBY.
[Illustration: (From _Modern Dogs_.)
RUBY SPANIEL. PRINCE CHARLES SPANIEL.]
ORIGIN.—Shrouded in mystery. The King Charles spaniel derives its name from the second monarch of that name, and the Blenheim from the family seat of the Duke of Marlborough. The colors were originally black, tan, and white for the first breed, and orange or red and white for the second.
USES.—Essentially pet dogs, though at one time the Blenheim was used for hunting birds.
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
_King Charles, Prince Charles, and Ruby._
Value. Symmetry, condition, and size 20 Head 15 Stop 5 Muzzle 10 Eyes 10 Ears 15 Coat and feathering 15 Color 10 --- Total 100
_Blenheim._
Value. Symmetry, condition, and size 20 Head 15 Stop 5 Muzzle 10 Eyes 5 Ears 10 Coat and feathering 15 Color and markings 15 Spot 5 --- Total 100
[Illustration]
HEAD.—Well domed, and in good specimens absolutely semi-globular, sometimes even extending beyond the half-circle, and absolutely projecting over eyes, so as nearly to meet upturned nose.
EYES.—Set wide apart, with eyelids square to line of face, not oblique or fox-like; large, lustrous, very dark in color, so as to be generally considered black; their enormous pupils, which are absolutely of that color, increasing the description.
[Illustration: KING OF THE BLENHEIMS
Mrs. F. Senn’s, 278 West Eleventh Street, New York.]
STOP.—Well marked as in bulldog, or even more so, some good specimens exhibiting a hollow deep enough to bury a small marble.
NOSE.—Short, well turned up, without any indication of artificial displacement; color of end black, and both deep and wide, with open nostrils.
JAW.—Lower jaw wide, leaving plenty of space for tongue and for attachment of lower lips, which should completely conceal teeth; also turned up or “finished,” so as to allow of its meeting end of upper jaw, turned up in a similar way.
EARS.—Long, so as to approach the ground; in an average-sized dog they measure 20 inches from tip to tip, and some reach 22 inches; set low on head; heavily feathered. In this respect the King Charles is expected to exceed the Blenheim, and his ears occasionally extend to 24 inches.
SIZE.—The most desirable size is about 10 pounds.
SHAPE.—In compactness of shape these spaniels almost rival the pug, being decidedly cobby, with strong, stout legs, broad back, and wide chest.
COAT.—Long, silky, soft, and wavy, but not curly. In the Blenheim there should be a profuse mane, extending well down in front of chest. Feather well displayed on ears and feet, where it is so long as to give appearance of their being webbed; also carried well up the backs of the legs. In the King Charles, feather on ears is very long and profuse, exceeding that of Blenheim by an inch or more. The feather on tail (which is about 3½ or 4 inches) should be silky, and from 5 to 6 inches in length, constituting a marked flag of a square shape, and not carried above level of back.
[Illustration: DUKE OF CHESTER
Mrs. F. Senn’s, 278 West Eleventh Street, New York.
KING CHARLES SPANIEL.]
[Illustration]
COLOR.—Varies with the breed. The King Charles is a rich, glossy black and deep tan, _without white_; tan spots over eyes and on cheeks, and the usual markings on legs, are also required. The Blenheim must on no account be whole-colored, but have a ground of pure, pearly white, with bright, rich chestnut or ruby-red markings evenly distributed in large patches; ears and cheeks red; a blaze of white extending from nose up to forehead, and ending between ears in a crescentic curve; in center of this blaze there should be a clear spot of red, size of a sixpence. The tricolor, or Charles the First spaniel, should have the tan of the King Charles, with markings like Blenheim, in black instead of red, on a pearly white ground; ears and under the tail should also be lined with tan. The tricolor has no spot, that beauty being peculiarly the property of the Blenheim.
The only name by which the tricolor, or black, white, and tan, in future shall be recognized, is Prince Charles.
That in future the all-red toy spaniel be known by name of Ruby spaniel; the color of nose to be black. The points of the Ruby to be same as those of King Charles, differing only in color.
Black-and-tan spaniels with markings of white shall be entered in Prince Charles class, and red spaniels with white markings must go into Blenheim class.
[Illustration]
THE TERRIER (AIREDALE).
[Illustration: F. H. F. Mercer’s, Ottawa, Canada.
WEAVER.]
ORIGIN.—Probably a cross of otter-hound and some of the large breed of terriers. Most numerously found in the valley of the Aire and about Bradford, England.
USES.—A gamy vermin-dog.
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value. Head 20 Ears 8 Neck, shoulders, and chest 12 Back and loins 15 Hind quarters and stern 5 Legs and feet 15 Coat and color 20 Weight 5 --- Total 100
[Illustration]
HEAD.—Skull flat, moderately narrow, tapering slightly to eyes, free from wrinkle. No perceptible stop or indentation between skull and muzzle, except in profile. Jaw long and powerful, free from flews, rather deep, and moderately square at end. Nose black; nostrils large. Mouth level; teeth large and sound. Eyes small, bright, dark in color, with terrier expression. Ears V-shaped, moderate in size and thickness; carried forward as in a fox-terrier; free from long, silky hair.
NECK.—Fair length, gradually widening to shoulders; well carried; free from throatiness.
SHOULDERS AND CHEST.—Shoulders fine, long, and sloping; chest deep, muscular, but neither full nor wide.
BACK AND LOINS.—Back short, straight, and strong; ribs well sprung and rounded; loins broad and powerful, and well ribbed up.
HIND QUARTERS.—Strong, powerful, thick through hams; good muscular second thighs, and stifles fairly bent; no tendency to cow-hocks.
STERN.—Stout and docked; set on rather high, but not raised to a right angle with back.
LEGS AND FEET.—Legs straight and well furnished with bone. Feet round and close, with a good thick sole.
COAT.—Rough or broken; dense and wiry in texture; free from lock or curl.
COLOR.—Dark grizzle back from occiput to end of tail, extending also down sides of body, with dark markings on side of skull; rest of body a good tan, darker on ears than elsewhere.
WEIGHT.—Dogs, 40 to 45 pounds; bitches, 35 to 40 pounds.
[Illustration]
DISQUALIFICATIONS.—A Dudley nose; white on throat, face, or feet; white on any other part of body objectionable; a thoroughly bad mouth, i.e., minus a number of teeth, and others cankered; undershot; partial blindness objectionable.
[Illustration]
THE TERRIER (BEDLINGTON).
[Illustration: (From _Modern Dogs_.)]
ORIGIN.—Supposed both by conformation and color to have sprung from the Dandie Dinmont and otter-hound. The breed is _not_ an old one, by any means.
USES.—A gamy vermin-dog.
[Illustration]
* No scale of points adopted.
HEAD.—Skull narrow, deep, and rounded, high at occiput; covered with silky tuft or topknot. Jaw long, tapering, sharp, and muscular; little or no stop; lips close-fitting, and no flew. Eyes small and deep set. The blues should have dark eyes; blue and tans, dark, with amber shade; livers, sandies, etc., light brown. Nose small. Blues, and blue and tans, have black noses; livers and sandies, flesh-colored. Teeth level. Ears moderately large, filbert-shaped; carried well forward; flat to cheek; thinly covered, and tipped with fine, silky hair.
LEGS.—Of moderate length, not wide apart, straight, with good-sized, rather long foot.
TAIL.—Thick at root, tapering; slightly feathered; 9 to 11 inches long, and scimitar-shaped.
[Illustration]
NECK AND SHOULDERS.—Neck long, deep at base, and rising well from shoulders, which should be flat.
BODY.—Long, flat-ribbed, deep, not wide in chest; slightly arched back, well ribbed; light quarters.
COAT.—Hard, with close bottom, and not lying flat to sides.
COLOR.—Dark blue, blue and tan, liver, liver and tan, sandy, and sandy and tan.
HEIGHT.—Fifteen to sixteen inches.
WEIGHT.—Fifteen to twenty-five pounds.
[Illustration]
THE TERRIER (BLACK-AND-TAN).
[Illustration: Rochelle Kennels, New Rochelle, N. Y.
BROOMFIELD SULTAN.]
ORIGIN.—This breed was until very recently known as the Manchester (England) terrier, and was probably brought into existence by the operatives of that city.
USES.—A gamy vermin-dog, and a nice companion.
[Illustration]
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value. Head 20 Eyes 10 Ears 5 Legs 10 Feet 10 Body 10 Tail 5 Color and markings 15 General appearance (including terrier quality) 15 --- Total 100
[Illustration]
HEAD.—Long, almost flat, narrow, level, and wedge-shaped, without showing cheek muscles; well filled up under eyes; tapering, tightly lipped jaws; level teeth. Ears, if cropped, must stand perfectly erect; if uncropped, small, thin, and V-shaped, hanging close to head above eyes. Eyes very small, sparkling, and dark, set fairly close together, and oblong in shape. Nose perfectly black.
NECK AND SHOULDERS.—Neck fairly long, tapering from shoulders to head, free from throatiness, slightly arched; shoulders sloping.
CHEST.—Narrow but deep.
BODY.—Moderately short; powerful loins; ribs well sprung; back slightly arched at loins, falling again at joining of tail to same height as the shoulders.
LEGS.—Perfectly straight, set well under body, fair length.
FEET.—More inclined to be cat- than hare-footed; black toe-nails.
TAIL.—Moderately short, thick where it joins body, tapering to a point, not carried higher than the back.
COAT.—Close, smooth, short, and glossy, not soft.
COLOR.—Black and mahogany tan, distributed distinctly over body. On head, tan to the nose; nasal bone jet black; bright spot on each cheek and above each eye. Under jaw and throat are tan; hair inside ear of same color. Fore legs tan to knee, with black lines up each toe and black mark above the foot. Inside hind legs tan, divided with black at hock-joint. Under tail tan, and each side of chest is tanned slightly.
[Illustration]
THE TERRIER (BOSTON).
[Illustration: Squantum Kennels, Atlantic, Mass.
HIS NIBS.]
ORIGIN.—The parents of this breed were Hooper’s Judge (a cross from an English bulldog and an English terrier) and Burnett’s Gyp, “a white bitch.” The American Kennel Club has now recognized this as a distinct breed. The origin as given dates back to about 1870.
USES.—Purely a toy dog, of very affectionate disposition and equable temper.
[Illustration]
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value. Skull 12½ Ears 5 Eyes 5 Stop 2½ Muzzle 12½ Neck 5 Body 15 Elbows 2½ Fore legs 4 Hind legs 4 Feet 2 Tail 10 Color 7 Coat 3 General appearance 10 --- Total 100
GENERAL APPEARANCE.—The general appearance is that of a smooth, short-coated, compactly built dog of moderately low stature. The head should indicate a high degree of intelligence and be in proportion to the dog’s size; body rather short and well knit; limbs strong and finely turned; no feature being so prominent that the dog appears badly proportioned; all conveying an impression of determination, strength, and activity. Style of a high order, and carriage easy and graceful.
[Illustration]
HEAD.—Skull large, broad, and flat, without prominent cheeks, and forehead free from wrinkles. Stop well defined, but indenture not too deep. Eyes wide apart, large and round, neither sunken nor too prominent; color dark and soft. The outside corner should be on a line with cheeks as viewed from the front. Ears small and thin, situated as near corners of skull as possible; rose-ear preferable. Muzzle moderately short, wide, and deep (without wrinkles). Nose black and wide, with a well-defined straight line between nostrils. Jaws broad, square, and even, with short, strong teeth; chops wide and deep, not pendulous, completely covering teeth when mouth is closed.
NECK.—Rather short and thick (without loose skin), and quite well arched.
BODY.—Set moderately low, deep and quite broad at chest, well ribbed up; back quite short, not roached; loins and quarters strong.
ELBOWS.—Set quite low, standing neither in nor out.
FORE LEGS.—Rather wide apart, straight, and well muscled.
[Illustration]
HIND LEGS.—Rather straight; quite long from stifle to hock (which should turn neither in nor out); short and straight from hock to pastern. Thighs well muscled. Hocks not too prominent.
FEET.—Small, nearly round, and turned a trifle outward; toes compact and arched.
TAIL.—Moderate in length, set on low, with a moderate downward carriage, fine and tapering, devoid of fringe or coarse hair.
COLOR.—Any color except black, mouse, or liver; brindle and white evenly marked, and whole brindle, are colors most preferred.
COAT.—Fine in texture, short, bright, and not too hard.
WEIGHT.—Light-weight class, 15 to 25 pounds; heavy-weight class, 25 to 35 pounds.
DISQUALIFICATION.—Docked tail.
THE TERRIER (BULL).
[Illustration: F. F. Dole’s, New Haven, Conn.
GULLY THE GREAT.]
ORIGIN.—This is admittedly a cross between the bulldog and the English terrier.
USES.—Formerly as a fighting dog. Present uses are for vermin, and as a companion it has _no superior_, being kind, gentle, and exceedingly honest and loyal.
[Illustration]
* THE VARIOUS PARTS OF THE HEAD, BODY, ETC.
SCALE OF POINTS BY RAWDON B. LEE.
Value. Head, including skull, muzzle, lips, jaws, and teeth 25 Eyes 10 Ears (badly cropped or otherwise) 5 Neck and shoulders 15 Back 10 Legs and feet 15 Coat 10 Stern 10 --- Total 100
GENERAL APPEARANCE.—The general appearance of the bull-terrier is that of a symmetrical animal, an embodiment of agility, grace, elegance, determination, and good nature.
HEAD.—Long, flat, and wide between ears, tapering to the nose, without cheek muscles; slight indentation down face, without a stop. Jaws long and very powerful; large black nose, and open nostrils. Eyes small and very black. Lips should meet as tightly as possible, without a fold. Teeth regular in shape, _and meet exactly_, any deviation being a great fault. Ears always cropped for the show-bench, and should be done scientifically and according to fashion.
NECK.—Long, slightly arched, nicely set into shoulders, tapering to head, without any loose skin.
BODY.—Shoulders strong, muscular, slanting; chest wide and deep; ribs well rounded.
BACK.—Short, muscular, but not out of proportion.
LEGS.—Fore legs perfectly straight, well-developed muscles; not “out at shoulder,” but set on racing lines; very strong at pasterns. Hind legs long, muscular, with good, strong, straight hocks, well let down.
[Illustration]
FEET.—Resembling those of the hare.
COLOR.—White.
COAT.—Short, close, stiff to the touch, with fine gloss.
TAIL.—From 10 to 12 inches long, set on very low; thick where it joins the body, tapering to a fine point; carried at an angle of about 45 degrees, without curl, and never over the back.
WEIGHT.—About 30 pounds.
[Illustration]
THE TERRIER (CLYDESDALE OR PAISLEY).
[Illustration: CLYDESDALE LORIS.]
ORIGIN.—Both are often considered as one breed, and supposed to be of Skye extraction.
USES.—A vermin-dog, but better as a pet.
[Illustration]
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value. Head 15 Ears 10 Body 15 Coat 20 Color 10 Tail 10 Legs and feet 5 Style and general appearance 15 --- Total 100
GENERAL APPEARANCE AND STYLE.—The general appearance is that of a long, low dog with plenty of style, having a rather large head in proportion to its size, and with a coat that looks like silk or spun glass.