Part 5
HEAD.—Skull slightly domed, very narrow between ears, gradually widening toward eyes, and tapering very slightly to nose; covered with long, silky hair, perfectly straight, without curl or waviness, and extending well beyond nose, plentiful on sides of head, joined by that from the ears, giving head a very large and rather heavy appearance. Muzzle very deep and powerful, tapering very slightly to nose, which should be large and well spread over the muzzle, always black. Jaws strong; teeth perfectly level. Eyes rather wide apart, large, round, moderately full, but not prominent; brown, and expressive of great intelligence.
EARS.—This is a most important point. They should be as small as possible, set on high, carried perfectly erect, covered with long, silky hair, which should hang in a beautiful fringe down side of head, joining that on jaws. (Well-carried, finely fringed ears are one of the greatest points of beauty.)
NECK.—Rather long, very muscular, well set into the shoulders, covered with same class of hair as the body.
[Illustration]
BODY.—Very long, deep in chest, well ribbed up; back perfectly level.
COAT.—Very long, perfectly straight, free from curl or waviness; very glossy and silky in texture (not linty), and without any pily under coat.
COLOR.—Dark blue to light fawn, the various shades of blue—dark blue for preference, but without any approach to blackness or sootiness. Color of head, beautiful silvery blue, which gets darker on ears; the back, various shades of dark blue, inclining to silver on lower parts of body and legs. Tail is generally the same shade or a little darker than the back.
TAIL.—Perfectly straight, not too long, carried almost level with back; nicely fringed or feathered.
LEGS AND FEET.—Legs short and straight, well set under body, both legs and feet well covered with silky hair. (In a good specimen the legs are scarcely seen.)
[Illustration]
THE TERRIER (DANDIE DINMONT).
[Illustration: William Wanton Dunnell’s.
KELSO COUNT.]
ORIGIN.—Mentioned in 1800 by Davidson as springing from Tarr, reddish and wire-haired (a bitch), and Pepper (shaggy and light), which shows true terrier blood.
USES.—An essentially vermin-dog, “dead game;” and when a fox, otter, etc., is to be bolted it is unsurpassed. It is a curious fact that when unearthing its game it generally does its fighting on its _back_, tearing and scratching its opponent’s throat with tooth and nail.
[Illustration]
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value. Head 10 Eyes 5 Ears 5 Neck 5 Body 20 Tail 5 Legs and feet 10 Coat 15 Color 5 Size and weight 10 General appearance 10 --- Total 100
HEAD.—Strongly made and large, with muscles well developed; skull broad between ears, growing less toward eyes; forehead well domed. Head covered with soft, silky hair, not confined to a mere topknot. Cheeks have a gradual taper toward muzzle, which is deep and strong and about 3 inches in length. Muzzle covered with darker hair than topknot, the top part being generally bare for about 1 inch from back of nose, where it is about 1 inch broad. Nose and inside of mouth black or dark-colored. Teeth strong and very large, level in front, the upper ones overlapping the under ones. “Swine mouth” is objectionable, but not so much so as the bulldog mouth. Eyes wide apart, full, large, round, bright, full of determination, set low and prominent, and of a rich, dark hazel. Ears large, pendulous, set well back, wide apart, and low on skull, hanging close to cheek, tapering to a point, the tapering being mostly on the back part. They are covered with soft, straight brown hair (sometimes almost black), with a feather of light hair about 2 inches from tip. The feather does not show, sometimes, till the dog is 2 years old. Leather rather thin. Length of ear 3 to 4 inches.
[Illustration]
NECK.—Very muscular and strong, and well set into shoulders.
BODY.—Long, strong, and flexible; ribs well sprung; chest deep; back rather low at shoulder; a slight, gradual droop from loins to root of tail.
TAIL.—Rather short (8 to 10 inches), covered on upper side with wiry hair, darker than on body; a feather of about 2 inches, getting shorter as it nears the tip; simitar-like, not curled nor twisted and when excited carried gaily above the level of the body.
LEGS AND FEET.—Fore legs short, immense muscular development and bones set wide apart; feet well formed, _not_ flat. “Bandy legs” objectionable. Hair on fore legs and feet of blue dog should be tan; on a mustard dog a darker shade than on head, which is creamy white. Hind legs are rather longer than front ones, rather wide apart, with feet smaller than front ones, without feather and dew-claws; claws should be dark.
COAT.—Very important. Hair should be 2 inches long, and that from skull to root of tail a mixture of hard and soft hair. The hard hair should be wiry, the coat being pily, that under body being softer and lighter in color than on top.
[Illustration]
COLOR.—Pepper or mustard. The pepper ranges from dark blue black to a light silver gray; the mustards from a red brown to pale fawn, the head being creamy white, with legs and feet darker than head. Claws are dark as in other colors. Nearly all Dandies have some white on chest and white claws.
SIZE.—Eight to eleven inches at shoulder. Limit weight, 24 pounds.
LENGTH.—From top of shoulder to root of tail should be twice the dog’s height.
THE TERRIER (FOX, SMOOTH-COATED).
[Illustration: August Belmont’s.
CHAMPION BLEMTON VICTOR II.]
ORIGIN.—Evidently a very judicious cross between a beagle and a bull-terrier.
USES.—Essentially a vermin-dog of the highest order, and capable of worrying a fox when it has taken to earth. It is used by the operatives in some parts of England for coursing rabbits.
[Illustration]
* THE VARIOUS PARTS OF THE HEAD, BODY, ETC.
SCALE OF POINTS BY RAWDON B. LEE.
Value. Head, jaws, and ears 20 Neck 5 Shoulders and chest 10 Back and loins 10 Stern and hind quarters 10 Legs and feet 15 Coat 10 Size, symmetry, and character 20 --- Total 100
HEAD.—Skull flat, moderately narrow, gradually decreasing in width to eyes. Not much stop, but there should be more dip in profile between forehead and top jaw than in the greyhound. Cheeks must _not_ be full. Ears V-shaped, small, of moderate thickness, drooping forward close to cheek, not hanging by side of head. Jaws strong and muscular, of fair punishing strength. There should not be much falling away below eyes. This part of head should be moderately chiseled out, but not like a wedge. Nose tapering and black. Eyes dark, small, rather deep set, full of fire and intelligence; nearly circular in shape. Teeth nearly level.
[Illustration]
NECK.—Clean, muscular, without throatiness, of fair length, and gradually widening to shoulders.
SHOULDERS AND CHEST.—Shoulders long and sloping, well laid back, clearly cut at withers; chest deep and not broad.
BACK.—Short, straight, and strong, with no appearance of slackness.
LOINS.—Powerful and very slightly arched. Fore ribs moderately arched; back ribs deep. The dog should be well ribbed up.
HIND QUARTERS.—Strong, muscular, quite free from droop or crouch; thighs long and powerful; hocks near the ground.
[Illustration]
STERN.—Set on rather high, carried gaily, but _not_ over back or curled; of good strength, anything approaching a “pipe-stopper” tail being especially objectionable.
LEGS.—Straight, showing little or no appearance of ankle in front; strong in bone, short and straight in pastern. Both fore and hind legs carried straight forward in traveling; stifles not turning outward; elbows perpendicular to the body.
FEET.—Round, compact, not large; soles hard and tough; toes moderately arched, and turned neither in nor out.
COAT.—Smooth, flat, hard, dense, and abundant. Belly and under side of thighs should not be bare.
COLOR.—White should predominate; brindle, red, or liver markings are _objectionable_.
[Illustration]
SYMMETRY, SIZE, AND CHARACTER.—The dog must present a generally gay, lively, and active appearance. Bone and strength in a small compass, but this does not mean that a fox-terrier should be cloggy or in any way coarse. Speed and endurance must be looked to as well as power, and the symmetry of the foxhound taken as a model. The terrier must on no account be leggy, nor must it be too short in leg. It should stand like a cleverly made hunter, covering a lot of ground, yet with a short back.
WEIGHT is not a certain criterion of a terrier’s fitness for its work; general shape, size, and contour are the main points; it should not scale over 20 pounds in show condition.
THE TERRIER (FOX, WIRE-HAIRED).
[Illustration: G. M. Carnochan’s, 46 Exchange Place, New York.
THORNFIELD KNOCKOUT.]
[Illustration]
With the exception of the coat, which should be broken, the origin, uses, and scale of points of this breed are identical with the smooth-coated variety.
The harder and more wiry the texture of the coat is, the better. The dog should not look nor feel woolly, and there should be no silky hair. The coat should not be too long, but it should show a marked difference from the smooth species.
[Illustration]
THE TERRIER (IRISH).
[Illustration: W. J. Comstock’s, Providence, R. I.
DUNMURRY.]
ORIGIN.—Mr. George R. Krehl, editor of the London (England) “Stockkeeper” and English vice-president of the Irish Terrier Club, says this is a true and distinct breed, indigenous to Ireland, and that no man can trace its origin, which is lost in antiquity.
USES.—Rabbiting, and as a vermin-dog.
[Illustration]
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value. Head, jaws, teeth, and eyes 15 Ears 5 Legs and feet 10 Neck 5 Shoulders and chest 10 Back and loins 10 Hind quarters and stern 10 Coat 15 Color 10 Size and symmetry 10 --- Total 100
_Negative Points._
White nails, toes, and feet 10 Much white on chest 10 Ears cropped 5 Mouth undershot 10 Coat shaggy or curly 10 Uneven in color 5 --- Total 50
[Illustration]
HEAD.—Long; skull flat, rather narrow between ears, free from wrinkle; stop hardly visible. Jaws strong, muscular, but not too full in cheek, and of good punishing length. There should be a slight falling away below the eye, so as not to have a greyhound appearance. Hair on face same description as on body: short (about ¼ inch long), almost smooth and straight; a slight beard is permissible, and that is characteristic. Teeth strong and level. Lips not so tight as a bull-terrier’s, but well fitting. Nose black. Eyes dark hazel, small, not prominent, full of life, fire, and intelligence. Ears, when uncut, small and V-shaped, of moderate thickness, set well up, dropping forward close to cheek, free from fringe, and hair thereon shorter and generally darker in color than the body.
NECK.—Fair length, gradually widening toward shoulders, free from throatiness, with a slight sort of frill at each side of neck, running nearly to corner of ear, which is characteristic.
SHOULDERS AND CHEST.—Shoulders _must_ be fine, long, sloping; chest deep, muscular, but neither full nor wide.
BACK AND LOINS.—Body moderately long; back strong, straight, with no appearance of slackness; loins broad, powerful, slightly arched; ribs fairly sprung, rather deep than round.
HIND QUARTERS.—Well under the dog, strong, muscular; thighs powerful; hocks near the ground; stifles not much bent.
STERN.—Generally docked, free from fringe or feather; set on pretty high; carried gaily, but not over back, nor curled.
FEET AND LEGS.—Feet strong, tolerably round, moderately small; toes arched, neither turned out nor in; black toe-nails. Legs moderately long, well set on, perfectly straight, plenty of bone and muscle; pasterns short and straight; fore and hind legs moving straight forward when traveling; stifles not turned outward; legs free of feather, and covered with hair as on head.
COAT.—Hard, wiry, not soft nor silky, not so long as to hide outlines of body; straight, flat, no shagginess, no lock nor curl.
COLOR.—“Whole-colored,” the most preferable being bright red, wheaten, yellow, and gray; _brindle disqualifying_. White sometimes appears on chest and feet; more objectionable on the latter.
SYMMETRY.—The dog must present an active, lively, lithe, and wiry appearance; lots of substance, free of clumsiness, and framed on the “lines of speed.”
[Illustration]
TEMPERAMENT.—The Irish terrier, as a breed, is remarkably good-tempered, notably so with mankind, it being admitted, however, that it is perhaps a little too ready to resent interference on part of other dogs, hence called “daredevils.”
WEIGHT.—Sixteen to twenty-four pounds.
DISQUALIFICATIONS.—Nose cherry or red; brindle color.
THE TERRIER (MALTESE).
[Illustration: Mrs. J. P. Wade’s, Corona, L. I.
FLOSSIE.]
ORIGIN.—Indigenous to the island of Malta, and spoken of by Aristotle, B.C. 370, as the lap-dog of the fashionable Greeks and Romans.
[Illustration]
USES.—A pet dog essentially.
SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value. Size 15 Coat 15 Color 15 Color of eyes 10 Color of nose 10 Tail 10 Ears 5 Legs and body 10 Symmetry 10 --- Total 100
As no standard is adopted, the following is the description of the dog.
WEIGHT.—Five pounds; limit, seven pounds.
COLOR.—All white, with long, silky hair, looking like spun glass, straight, _not_ curly, length _not_ less than 7 inches.
[Illustration]
HEAD AND BODY.—Nose and eyes black. Tail turned or doubled into coat on back. Ears small, drooping, well clad with hair. Mouth level; teeth white. Black-coated specimens are _very_ rare and desirable.
DEFECT.—Ears with fawn markings.
THE TERRIER (SCOTTISH).
[Illustration: Newcastle Kennels, Brookline, Mass.
BELLINGHAM BAILIFF. BONNY C.]
ORIGIN.—Nothing definite of this breed can be traced, though it was for years known in Scotland as the Skye terrier.
[Illustration]
USES.—Unearthing vermin, badgers, foxes, etc.
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value. Skull 7½ Muzzle 7½ Eyes 5 Ears 5 Neck 5 Chest 5 Body 15 Legs and feet 10 Tail 2½ Coat 15 Size 10 Color 2½ General appearance 10 --- Total 100
GENERAL APPEARANCE.—The face should bear a very sharp, bright, and active expression, and head carried up. The dog should look compact and be possessed of great muscle in his hind quarters. A Scottish terrier _cannot be too powerfully_ put together.
HEAD.—Skull long, slightly domed, covered with short, hard hair about ¾ inch long or less; skull not quite flat. Muzzle very powerful, tapering toward nose, which should be black and of good size; jaws level; teeth square, though the nose projects somewhat over the mouth. Eyes wide apart, dark brown or hazel, small and piercing. Ears very small, prick or half prick, sharp-pointed, the hair not long, and free from any fringe on top.
NECK.—Short, thick, muscular; strongly set on sloping shoulders.
CHEST.—Broad and proportionately deep.
[Illustration]
BODY.—Moderate length, rather flat-sided, well ribbed up, and exceedingly strong in hind quarters.
LEGS AND FEET.—Legs short, and very heavy in bone, the front ones being straight or slightly bent, and well set on under body; hocks bent; thighs very muscular; feet strong, small, and thickly covered with short hair.
TAIL.—About 7 inches long, carried with a slight bend, and _never_ cut.
COAT.—Rather short (about 2 inches), intensely hard, wiry, and very dense.
SIZE.—About 16 pounds for a dog; 14 pounds for a bitch.
COLORS.—Steel or iron gray, brindle, black, red, wheaten, yellow, or mustard color. _White markings are most objectionable._
HEIGHT.—Nine to twelve inches.
FAULTS.—Large or light eyes; silky or curly coat.
[Illustration]
THE TERRIER (SKYE).
[Illustration: (From _Ladies’ Kennel Journal_.)
LAIRD DUNCAN.]
ORIGIN.—Entirely lost. Indigenous, no doubt, to Scotland.
USES.—A good, gamy vermin-dog, hardy and tough.
[Illustration]
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value. Size 15 Head 15 Ears 10 Body 15 Tail 10 Legs 10 Coat 20 Color 5 --- Total 100
HEAD.—Long; powerful jaws, incisors closing level, or upper jaws just fitting under. Skull wide at front of brow, narrowing between ears, tapering to muzzle, with little falling in between or behind eyes. Eyes hazel, medium size, close set. Muzzle black. Ears, when pricked, not large; erect at outer edges, slanting toward each other inward. When pendent, larger, hanging straight, and flat and close at front.
BODY.—Preëminently long and low; shoulders broad; chest deep; ribs well sprung, oval-shaped, giving flat appearance to sides. Hind quarters full and well developed. Back level, and declining from top of hip to shoulders. Neck long and well crested.
TAIL.—When hanging, upper half perpendicular, under half thrown backward in a curve. When raised, a prolongation of outline of back, not rising higher nor curling up.
LEGS AND FEET.—Legs short, straight, muscular, no dew-claws. Feet large, pointing forward.
[Illustration]
COAT (DOUBLE).—Under coat short, close, soft, and woolly; and over coat long (5½ inches), hard, straight, flat, free from crisp or curl. Hair on head shorter, softer, veiling forehead and eyes; on ears, overhanging inside, falling down, not heavily, but surrounding ear like fringe; tail also feathered.
COLOR.—Dark or light blue, or gray or fawn with black points.
HEIGHT AND LENGTH.—Height at shoulder 9 inches; length, occiput to root of tail, 22½ inches.
WEIGHT.—Dogs, 18 pounds; bitches, 16 pounds.
DISQUALIFICATIONS.—Doctored ears or tail; weight over 20 pounds; over- or under-shot jaws.
[Illustration]
TERRIERS (TOY).
Toy terriers are judged by the same points as the large specimens of the same breed.
THE TERRIER (WELSH).
[Illustration: John Brett’s, Closter, N. J.
TORY II.]
ORIGIN.—Claimed by some to be of Welsh origin, by others of English origin. However that may be, the breed was only recognized by the English Kennel Club in 1886, and catalogued under title of “Welsh or English wire-haired black-and-tan terriers.”
USES.—Essentially a vermin-dog, “dead game.”
[Illustration]
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value. Head 20 Neck and shoulders 10 Body 10 Loins and hind quarters 10 Legs and feet 15 Coat 15 Color 10 Symmetry 10 --- Total 100
HEAD.—Skull flat, rather wider between ears than the wire-haired fox-terrier. Jaws powerful, clean cut, rather deeper and more punishing—giving head a more masculine appearance than that usually seen on a fox-terrier. Stop not too defined; fair length from stop to end of nose. Nose black. Ears V-shaped, small, not too thin, set on fairly high, carried forward and close to cheek. Eyes small, not too deeply set in nor protruding, dark hazel, expressive, and indicating abundant pluck.
NECK.—Moderate length and thickness, slightly arched and sloping.
[Illustration]
BODY.—Back short, well ribbed up; loins strong; good depth and moderate width of chest; shoulders long, sloping, well set back; hind quarters strong; thighs muscular; hocks moderately straight, and well let down. Stern set on moderately high, and not too gaily carried.
LEGS AND FEET.—Legs straight, muscular, good bone, strong pasterns. Feet cat-like.
COAT.—Wiry, hard, very close, and abundant.
COLOR.—Black or grizzle and tan, free from pencilings on toes.
SIZE AND WEIGHT.—Fifteen inches in dogs; average weight, 20 pounds.
[Illustration]
THE TERRIER (WHITE ENGLISH).
[Illustration: L. A. Van Zandt’s, New City, N. Y.
TOMMY ATKINS II.]
ORIGIN.—Wholly unknown, but the greatest number come from Manchester (England).
USES.—A very companionable gamy dog.
[Illustration]
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value. Head 20 Eyes and expression 15 Neck and shoulders 10 Legs, feet, and chest 15 Coat 10 Stern 10 Symmetry 10 Size 10 --- Total 100
HEAD.—Narrow, long, level, almost flat; skull wedge-shaped, well filled below eyes, not lippy. Eyes small, black, oblong, and set fairly close. Nose black. Ears cropped and standing perfectly erect.
NECK AND SHOULDERS.—Neck fairly long, tapering; shoulders sloping, no throatiness, slightly arched at occiput.
BODY.—Chest narrow, deep; body short, curving upward at loins; ribs well sprung.
LEGS AND FEET.—Legs perfectly straight, well under body, moderate bone; feet cat-like.
[Illustration]
TAIL.—Moderate length, and set on where arch of back ends; thick where it joins body, tapering, and _not_ carried higher than the back.
COAT.—Close, hard, short, glossy.
COLOR.—Pure white; colored markings disqualify.
WEIGHT.—Limit, 20 pounds; 14 pounds preferable.
[Illustration]
THE TERRIER (YORKSHIRE).
[Illustration: Mrs. F. Senn’s, 278 West Eleventh Street, New York.
DUKE OF GAINSBORO.]
ORIGIN.—This dog’s home is Manchester (England), where it is said to have been originated, the black-and-tan, Skye, and Maltese terriers all being credited with its paternity. Except in color, it resembles greatest the latter dog.
[Illustration]
USES.—Essentially a toy dog, beautiful and aristocratic.
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value. Quantity and color of hair on body 25 Quality of coat 15 Tan 15 Head 10 Eyes 5 Mouth 5 Ears 5 Legs and feet 5 General appearance 10 Tail 5 --- Total 100
GENERAL APPEARANCE.—A long-coated, well-proportioned pet dog; coat straight and hanging evenly down each side, parted from nose to end of tail; very compact in form, neat, sprightly, and bearing an important air.
[Illustration]
HEAD.—Rather small, flat, not too round in skull, broad at muzzle; black nose. Hair on muzzle very long, of bright golden tan, unmixed with dark or sooty hair. Hair on sides of head very long, and of deeper tan than on center of head. Eyes medium in size, not prominent, dark, with intelligent expression; edges of eyelids dark. Ears cut or uncut, quite erect; if not cut, V-shaped, small, and erect, covered with short hair; color deep tan. Mouth _even_; teeth sound; a loose tooth or two not objectionable.
BODY.—Very compact, good loins, and level on top of back.
COAT.—Hair as long and straight as possible, _not_ wavy; glossy, like silk, _not_ woolly; extending from back of head to root of tail. Color bright steel blue, not intermingled with fawn, light or dark hairs.
LEGS AND FEET.—Legs quite straight; hair on same a bright golden tan, a shade lighter at ends than at roots. Feet round as possible; toe-nails black.
WEIGHT.—Divided, viz., under 5 pounds, over 5 pounds; limit, 12 pounds.
[Illustration]
THE WHIPPET.
[Illustration: W. J. Comstock’s, Providence, R. I.
MARY.]
ORIGIN.—On account of it being little else than a small English greyhound, its origin is traced to that breed, by which standard it is judged.
USES.—Occasionally for coursing rabbits, but chiefly for trials of speed of about 200 yards. The dogs are run in couples, the waving of a handkerchief or other cloth being the incentive to run.
HEIGHT.—At shoulders about 18 inches.
[Illustration]
TREATMENT OF THE DOG IN HEALTH.
FIRST PRINCIPLES.
Teach your dog to obey you through kindness if possible, _but teach it_. Remember always that it has as much feeling as the average human being, and wonders can be worked through kindness. Rather than strike it with a whip, strike _at_ it, the swish of the whip generally having about as much effect as a well-delivered “strike.”
The next duty is to teach the dog to be clean about the house. Should it forget itself, make its nose well acquainted with the “offense,” rubbing it as hard as you please, “warm its jacket” well, and then turn it out of doors with a well-delivered slap on the body. A repetition of the “moral suasion” act is rarely necessary. In the morning let it out of the house into the yard the first thing you do, and repeat it the last thing before retiring; it will soon learn to understand the meaning of all this and cease to cause trouble. Patience—and sometimes a great deal of it, too—is required to make the dog “well mannered,” but perseverance will achieve the desired result. NEVER strike a dog on the head; the body presents sufficient surface.
BREAKING TO CHAIN.