CHAPTER VI.

THE SECULAR CLERGY AND THE CULDEES.

No appearance of the name of Culdee till after the expulsion of Columban monks 226 Monastic Church affected by two opposite influences 227 First by secular clergy 227 Legend of Bonifacius 229 Legend of Fergusianus 232 Churches dedicated to St. Peter 233 Second influence: the Anchoretical life 233 Anchorites called _Deicolæ_ or God-worshippers 237 Anchorites called the people of God 239 A.D. 747. Order of Secular Canons instituted 241 _Deicolæ_ brought under canonical rule 242 _Deicolæ_ in the Saxon Church 243 Anchoretical life in Ireland and Scotland 245 Anchorites called _Deoraidh De_, or God’s pilgrims 247 The third order of Irish Saints—Eremitical 248 _Deicolæ_ termed in Ireland _Ceile De_ 250 _Deicolæ_ and _Ceile De_ show the same characteristics 252 _Ceile De_ brought under the canonical rule 254 _Ceile De_ called _Keledei_ in Scotland, and first appear in territory of the southern Picts 255 Legend of St. Servanus 255 Servanus introduces _Keledei_, who are hermits 258 _Keledei_ of Glasgow, who were solitary clerics 259 Legends connected with the foundation of St. Andrews 261 Older legend belongs to foundation of monastery in sixth century 266 Columban monasteries among the Picts fell into the hands of laymen 268 Second legend belongs to later foundation, to which relics of St. Andrew were brought 271 _Keledei_ of St. Andrews originally hermits 275 Canonical rule brought into Scotland, and _Keledei_ become canons 275 Conclusion as to origin of the Culdees 276