CHAPTER VII.
PRESERVATION OF SPECIMENS OF MORBID ANATOMY.
Many valuable and interesting pathological specimens are continually being lost, from a want of knowledge, or a careless neglect on the part of the physician. That the fullest benefit may result from a post-mortem examination, any rare or interesting specimen should be carefully preserved. Should the physician feel no interest in forming a cabinet of morbid anatomy for himself, he should then deposit the specimen in the anatomical museum of some medical school, where it may be permanently preserved, and the profession thus benefited.
All specimens of _soft tissues_ designed for preservation, should first be soaked in water which is changed daily, until all blood is removed. If the weather be warm, it will be necessary to add to the water each time, either a small proportion of alcohol, or some antiseptic, as carbolic acid, chloride of zinc, corrosive sublimate, or common salt.
After all blood is removed, the specimen may be put into alcohol of a strength proportionate to the size of the specimen, and then allowed to remain until thoroughly “cured.” Small specimens are dried up, shrunken and nearly spoiled in many cases, by the use of too strong alcohol, while on the other hand, large ones, by diluting the alcohol with the large amount of water contained, would be likely to spoil in a weak preparation. Large specimens, particularly in warm weather, should have deep incisions made at a few points, for the better penetration of the preserving fluid.
Before being permanently put up, the specimen should be carefully trimmed, and everything interfering with the best display of the essential point removed.
While either of the antiseptics mentioned above will answer for “curing” a specimen, for permanent suspension, there is no substitute for alcohol. Other fluids may preserve, but they will also become turbid, throw down a precipitate, and in cold weather are liable to freeze, while from their high specific gravity, many light specimens will float on or near the surface. If the specimen has been thoroughly “cured” before suspension, very dilute alcohol will answer for that purpose: equal parts of pure water and alcohol of ninety-five degrees, in all except the larger specimens, being abundantly strong. Delicate, light specimens will sometimes float in such a dilution, in which case it should be made stronger.
The best form of anatomical jar is made with ground glass stoppers, with a hook on the under side of the latter for suspending the specimen. Although expensive, these jars, by effectually securing the alcohol from evaporation, as well as from the greater facility with which the spirits may be changed, which will sometimes be required, will give better satisfaction than any other.
Where the common jar without a stopper is used, great care will be required in closing up, to prevent loss by evaporation. There should first be prepared a circular plate of thick sheet lead, to rest on the top of the neck of the jar. The specimen having been suspended by a string, carried through by a large needle, and at two different points, is to be fastened to the disk of lead by means of two holes, punched by an awl, about half an inch apart, near the centre. The portion of string above the lead, with the holes also, should now be carefully covered with sealing-wax, otherwise, by capillary attraction, the alcohol will keep the bladder covering continually wet, and finally rot it out. Over the lead is now to be stretched a piece of moistened bladder, and wound with twine around the neck of the jar. When dry, this is to be covered with a coat of black varnish; this again when dry, being followed by a second layer of bladder and varnish.
Wet preparations should be kept where they may have a free exposure to sunlight. If placed in a dark closet, they become damaged in texture, and acquire a dark and unpleasant color; this is particularly the case with the ligamentous and nervous tissues.
Dr. Brunetti of Padua, who has invented a new process for preserving certain kinds of specimen, and who received a gold medal some years ago at the Paris Exposition, gives the following particulars of his method:
“The process comprises four several operations, viz.: 1, the washing of the piece to be preserved; 2, the _degraissage_, or eating away of the fatty matter; 3, the tanning, and 4, the desiccation.
“1. To wash the piece M. Brunetti passes a current of pure water through the blood-vessels and the various excretory canals, and then he washes the water out by a current of alcohol.
“2. For destroying the fat he follows the alcohol with ether, which he pushes, of course, through the same blood-vessels and excretory ducts; this part of the operation lasts some hours. The ether penetrates the interstices of the flesh and dissolves all the fat. The piece, at this point of the process, may be preserved any length of time desired, plunging it in ether, before proceeding to the final operations.
“3. For the tanning process M. Brunetti dissolves tannin in boiling distilled water, and then, after washing the ether out of the vessels with distilled water, he throws this solution in.
“4. For the drying process Dr. Brunetti places the pieces in a vase with a double bottom filled with boiling water, and he fills the places of the preceding liquids with warm, dry air. By the aid of a reservoir, in which air is compressed to about two atmospheres, and which communicates by a stop-cock and a system of tubes, first to a vase containing chloride of calcium, then with another heated, then with the vessels and excretory ducts of the anatomical piece in course of preparation, he establishes a gaseous current which expels in a very little time all the fluids. The operation is now finished.
“The piece remains supple, light, preserves its size, its normal relations, its solid elements, for there are no longer any fluids in it. It may be handled without fear, and will last indefinitely.”
For the preservation and hardening of tissues for microscopic examination—as sections of tumors, glands, membranes, spinal cord or brain, etc.—Müller’s fluid may be employed, which is prepared as follows: bichromate of potassa, 75 grains; sulphate of soda, 35 grains; dissolved in six ounces of water. The specimen should be suspended in this fluid until sufficiently hardened to permit of a satisfactory examination.
Preparation of Bones.
Pathological specimens of bones, may be prepared either by boiling or maceration. The method by boiling should be employed, however, only where the texture of the specimen is firm and solid, as in cases of united fracture, etc.; and in these cases, care will be required to avoid injuring the specimen by too long exposure to the process. Maceration, however, is the better method for all cases, and the only one to be employed in cases where the bone is softened by caries or necroses.
The specimen having been roughly stripped of the soft tissues, is to be thrown into a vessel of water, the latter being changed every day, as long as it becomes colored by the blood. It is now to be left until the putrefactive process has so softened the tissues that they may be easily removed, when, after being thoroughly washed in soda water, it may be dried and mounted. If the weather be cold, it will be absolutely important that the macerating be conducted in a warm room, else the process will be so slow as to convert the tissues into a form of adipocere, quite arresting the putrefactive process, and greatly damaging the specimen in its beauty and value.
In this connection, it may be observed that bones from a subject that has been injected with chloride of zinc, can never be successfully macerated, the zinc having a sort of tanning effect upon the tissues, which enables them to resist the putrefactive process. Boiling is the only method by which such specimens can be cleansed.
Where a bone has been properly macerated and dried, and especially if from a young subject, it will be found white and quite free from grease; but when taken from old subjects, or when prepared by boiling, it may be required to be subjected to a bleaching process for removing the grease and improving the color. By exposure to the sun, with frequent washing in chlorine and soda water, the appearance of the specimen may be greatly improved, or what is still better, by covering the specimen for a few days in sulphuric ether, which will effectually dissolve out all the grease, and then washing and exposing to the sun for a few days, it will be left beautifully white and clean.
For permanent preservation, the specimen should finally be mounted on a block or board, in such a manner as best to expose its interesting points.
INDEX.
PAGE
Abdomen, method of opening, 127
Abdominal dropsy, 135
Alcohol, poisoning by, 299
Anatomical syringe, 323
Anus, diseases of, 157 fistula of, 157 hæmorrhoids, 159 ulcer in, 157
Aorta. (See _Arteries_.)
Apoplexy, cerebral, 41 pulmonary, 115
Arachnoid, examination of, 38
Arsenic, poisoning by, 297
Arthritis, chronic rheumatic, 271 scrofulous, 271
Arteries, aneurism of, 99 calcification of, 99 examination of, 98 fatty degeneration of, 99 inflammation of, 98 ossification of, 99 rupture of, 102
Arteries, cerebral. atheromatous degeneration of, 60 calcification of, 60 obstruction of, 59 position of clot in obstruction of, 59
Atresia ani, 149 urethræ, 212
Autopsy, medico-legal, method of conducting, 304
Biliary calculi, 188 effects of, 190 position of, 189
Bladder, gall-. (See _Gall-bladder_.)
Bladder, urinary. contraction of, 210 catarrh of, 210 cancer of, 211 dilatation of, 209 examination of, 208 hypertrophy of, 209 inflammation of, 210 malformations of, 208 parasites in, 212 removal of, 131 tubercles in, 211 tumors in, 211
Bones, abscess of, 259 cancer of, 266 caries of, 260 examination of, 259 inflammation of, 259 morbid growths in, 263 necrosis of, 260 rickets in, 261 suppuration of, 259 tumors in, 263 tubercles in, 265
Brain, appearance of, in health, 48 abscess of, 50 atrophy of, 53 blood cysts in, 59 calcareous deposits in, 56 examination of, 29 hardening of, 51 hypertrophy of, 52 hydatids in, 57 inflammation of, 47 membranes of, 36 removal of, 29 softening of, 48 tumors of, 54
Bright’s disease, 197 cirrhotic or contracting form, 201 inflammatory form, 197 waxy or amyloid form, 200
Bronchial tubes, dilatation of, 125 examination of, 106, 122 inflammation of, 123 narrowing of, 124 obliteration of, 124
Bronchitis, 123
Buccal cavity, examination of, 65
Burning, ante-mortem distinguished from post-mortem, 318
Cancer, of bones, 266 black, 291 colloid, 292 encephaloid, 291 epithelial, 293 of gall-bladder, 188
Cancer, of heart, 84 hard, 290 of intestines, 158 of kidneys, 204 of liver, 177 of lungs, 120 of mammæ, 256, 257 of mediastinum, 126 medullary, 291 melanotic, 291 of ovaries, 250 of œsophagus, 73 of penis, 217 of prostate gland, 228 of pancreas, 161 of peritoneum, 136 of spleen, 165 of suprarenal capsules, 208 of scrotum, 219 of stomach, 146 of scirrhus, 290 of testicles, 224 of tongue, 68 of ureters, 206 of urinary bladder, 211 of urethra, 214 of uterus, 240 of vagina, 234
Calculi, urinary, 214
Calvarium, removal of, 28
Carbonic oxide, poisoning by, 299
Carditis, 76
Cerebral arteries, 59
Cerebritis, 48
Cerebro spinal meningitis, 61
Chest, examination of, 65
Children, new-born, medico-legal question relating to, 307
Chloride of zinc, preservative properties of, 321
Colon, removal of, 128
Corrosive sublimate, poisoning by, 298 preservative properties of, 321
Cystitis, 210
Death, signs of, previous to putrefaction, 312 probable cause of, 317
Diphtheria, false membranes in, 71
Disinfectants for instruments, 24
Dropsy of abdomen, 135 of brain, 40 of chest, 103 of heart, 74 of ovaries, 248 of testes, 222
Drowning, death from, 302, 309
Duodenum, removal of, 129
Dura mater, inflammation of, 36, 61 fibrinous clots in, 37 thickening of, 37 tubercular deposits in, 38 tumors in, 38
Ear, examination of, 31 removal of, 29
Embalming, method of, by ancients, 320 objects of, 321 instruments required, 323 the operation, 324 changes resulting from, 325
Embolism of cerebral arteries, 59
Endocarditis, 77
Enteritis, 149
Epididymitis, 221
Epispadias, 212, 215
Exostoses, 263
Eyes, removal of, 32
Fallopian tubes, anomalies of, 251 inflammation of, 251 morbid growths in, 251
Fistula in ani, 157
Fractures, ante-mortem distinguished from post-mortem, 318
Ganglions, 270
Gall-bladder and ducts, 187 cancer of, 188 dilatation of, 188 gall-stones in, 189 inflammation of, 187 tumors in, 188 tubercles in, 188
Gastritis, 141 catarrhal, 141 croupous, 141 phlegmonous, 141
Gums, examination of, 65
Gunshot wounds, ante-mortem distinguished from post-mortem, 318
Hanging, death from, 301, 319
Hæmatocele, 223
Hæmoptysis, 114
Hæmorrhage, pulmonary, 114 uterine, 237
Hæmorrhoids, 157
Head, caries of bones of, 35 examination of, 27 removal of membranes of brain, 28 removal of calvarium, 28 removal of brain, 29 thickening of bones of, 35 thinning of bones of, 35
Heart, atrophy of, 82 abscess of, 86 aneurism of, 86 cancers in, 84 displacements of, 87 dilatation of, 80 ectopia cordis, 88 examination of, 66, 75 fatty degeneration of, 82 fatty growth of, 82 hydatids in, 86 hypertrophy of, 79 inflammation of, 76 melanosis of, 84 malformations of, 86 morbid condition of, 75 normal size of, 80 ossification of arteries of, 85 rupture of walls of, 87 stenosis of, 79 tumors in, 84 transposition of, 88 valves of, 77
Heart clots, causes of, 91 color of, 89 consistency of, 89 time of formation of, 90 position of, 89
Hepatitis, 168
Hernia, 154
Hydrarthrosis, 268
Hydrothorax, 104
Hydrocele, 222 congenital, 222 diffused, 223 encysted, 222 simple, 222
Hypospadias, 212, 215
Hydrocyanic acid, poisoning by, 298
Instruments, 21 disinfectants for, 24
Intestines, cancer of, 158 contraction of, 153 dilatation of, 153 displacement of, 154 examination of, 149 inflammation of, 150 incarceration of, 155 malformations of, 149 obstructions of, 155, 156 parasites in, 159 rupture of, 157 tubercles in, 158 tumors in, 158 ulceration of, 152 wounds of, 157
Intussusception, 156
Joints, bursæ of, morbid conditions of, 269 cartilage of, morbid conditions of, 270 inflammation of synovial membrane, 268 malformations of, 268 rheumatic inflammation of, 271 scrofulous inflammation of, 271
Kidneys, anomalies of, 194 abscesses of, 196 Bright’s disease of, 197 congestion of, 194 cancer of, 204 cysts in, 204 dislocation of, 203 examination of, 193 fatty degeneration of, 202 hæmorrhage of, 195 inflammation of, 195 inflammation of capsule of, 197 parasites in, 205 removal of, 129 size and weight of, 193 tubercles in, 203
Larynx, abscesses of, 71 examination of, 64, 65, 69 false membranes in, 71 inflammation of, 69 necrosis of cartilages of, 70 œdema of, 70 tumors of, 71 ulceration of, 70
Liver, abscess of, 169, 171 atrophy of, 174 blood-vessels of, 182 congestion of, 166 cancer of, 177 degenerations of, 171 examination of, 130, 165 effusion hæmorrhagic of, 167 fatty, 172 hypertrophy of, 177 inflammation of, 168 parasites in, 183, 186 removal of, 130 size of, 165 tubercles in, 181 tumors in, 182
Lungs, appearance in health, 107 appearance, post-mortem, 118, 120 abscess of, 111 apoplexy of, 115 congestion of, 107 cancer of, 120 examination of, 67, 106 emphysema of, 116 gangrene of, 112 hepatization of, 108 hæmorrhage of, 114 hydatids in, 122 inflammation of, 107, 109 melanosis of, 121 suppuration of, 110 tubercles in, 117 tubercular cavities in, 119 tumors in, 122
Mammæ, anomalies of, 252 atrophy of, 252 abscesses of, 253 cancer of, 256, 257 examination of, 252 inflammation of, 253 tumors in, 254 ulcers in, 254
Medico-legal questions, 304 external inspection of body, 305 internal examination, 306
Mediastinum, abscess of, 126 cancerous growths in, 126 inflammation of, 126 tumors of, 126
Medulla, spinalis, 62 oblongata, effusions in, 43 of bone, disease of, 267
Membranes of the brain. appearance of, in meningitis, 39 examination of, 36 morbid changes of, in insanity, 40 removal, of 28 serous effusion into, 40 sanguineous effusion into, 41
Membranes, spinal, tuberculous deposits in, 61 tumors in, 61
Meningitis, 39 cerebro-spinal, 61 tubercular, 38
Metritis, 237, 242
Metrophlebitis, 243
Morbus Brightii, 197
Mouth, catarrhal or croupous inflammation of, 72 examination of, 64
Myelitis, 62
Müller’s fluid, 329
Neck, examination of, 64
Nephritis, 195
Nitric acid, poisoning by, 295
Nux vomica, poisoning by, 299
Œsophagus, cancer of, 73 dilatation of, 73 examination of, 72 inflammation of, 72 stricture of, 72 tumors in, 73 ulceration of, 72
Opium, poisoning by, 300
Orchitis, 221
Osseous growths, 263
Osteomalacia, 262
Osteophytes, 263
Ovaries, abscesses in, 247 cysts in, 248 dropsy of, 248 examination of, 247 inflammation of, 247 malignant disease of, 250 tumors, tubercles, etc., of, 251
Oxalic acid, poisoning by, 295
Palate, examination of, 65
Pacchionian bodies, 39 atrophy of, 161
Pancreas, anomalies of, 160 cancer of, 161 dilatation of ducts, 161 examination of, 160 fatty degeneration of, 161 hypertrophy of, 161 inflammation of, 161 removal of, 129
Parasites in bladder, 212 in brain, 57 in heart, 86 in intestines, 159 in kidneys, 205 in liver, 183, 186 in lungs, 122 in spinal cord, 63
Pelvic viscera, removal of, 130
Penis, anomalies of, 215 atrophy of, 215 balanitis of, 216 chancres on, 216 cancer of, 217 examination of, 215 fracture of, 216 hypertrophy of, 215 herpes of, 216 paraphymosis of, 216 psoriasis of prepuce, 216 tumors of, 218 warts on, 217
Pericardium, adhesions in, 74 blood in, 74 examination of, 73 inflammation of, 73 morbid growths in, 75
Peritoneum, blood in result of violence, 135 congestion of, 133 cancer of, 136 dropsical accumulation in, 135 exudation, fibrinous, on, 134 examination of, 133 gangrene of, 135 inflammation of, 133 suppuration of, 135 tubercular deposits in, 136 tumors of, 136
Peritonitis, 133 puerperal, 243
Perihepatitis, 167
Peripractitis, 151
Perityphlitis, 151
Pharynx, examination of, 65, 72 inflammation of, 72 tumors in, 73 ulceration of, 72
Phosphorus, poisoning by, 296
Pia mater, examination of, 38 inflammation of, in spotted fever, 61
Pleura, adhesions in, 103 examination of, 103 effusions into, 103 inflammation of, 103
Pleurisy, 103
Pneumonia, catarrhal, 109 croupous, 110 double, 109 lobular, 110 single, 109
Pneumothorax, 105
Poisoning, death from, 294
Post-mortem examinations, 24 preliminary preparations for, 24 in medico-legal cases, 304
Pregnancy, abdominal, 244 extra-uterine, 244 tubal, 245 utero-tubal, 245
Preparation of bones, 329 by boiling, 329 by maceration, 329 bleaching of, 330
Preservation of specimens of morbid anatomy, 326 process of Dr. Brunetti, 328
Prolapsus of rectum, 157
Prostate gland, anomalies of, 227 atrophy of, 228 cancer of, 228 cysts in, 228 concretions in, 229 examination of, 226 hypertrophy of, 227 tubercles in, 228 tumors in, 228 anomalies of, 230
Pudenda, examination of, 230 elephantiasis of, 232 hypertrophy of, 230 inflammation of, 231 tubercles in, 232 tumors in, 232 warty excrescences on, 231
Putrefaction, process of, 314
Pyelitis, 196
Pyelonephritis, 196
Questions relating to new-born children, 307 was the child mature?, 307 was it born alive?, 308 how long did it live?, 310 what was the cause of death?, 311
Rachitis, 261
Rectum, prolapsus of, 157 removal of, 128
Sclerosis of spinal cord, 62
Scrotum, cancer of, 219 examination of, 218 elephantiasis of, 218 hypertrophy of, 218 inflammation of, 219
Seminal vesicles, anomalies of, 226 examination of, 226 inflammation of, 226 tubercles in, 227
Signs of death, 312
Skull, caries of bones of, 35 examination of, 34 fracture of, 34 thinning of bones of, 35 thickening of bones of, 35
Spinal cord, atrophy of, 63 examination of, 60 inflammation of membranes of, 60 morbid growths in, 63 parasites in, 63 preservation of specimens of, 33 removal of, 33 softening of, 62
Spinal column, disease of, 272
Spinal canal, serous effusions in, 61
Spina bifida, 61
Spleen, anomalies of, 162 atrophy of, 162 cysts in, 165 cancer of, 165 displacements of, 163 degeneration of, 164 examination of, 162 hypertrophy of, 162 inflammation of, 163 removal of, 129 rupture of, 163 size of, normal and abnormal, 162 thickening of capsules of, 164 tubercles in, 164
Spotted fever, inflammation of pia mater in, 61
Stomach, atrophy of, 145 Beaumont’s experiments on, 140 cirrhosis of, 144 cancer of, 146 cancer in, results of, 148 dilatation of, 145 examination of, 137 erosions, hæmorrhagic, of, 143 inflammation of, 140 post-mortem changes in, 137 poisons in, and their effects, 142 softening of, 143 tumors in, 148 ulcers in, 142
Strangling, death from, 301
Strychnia, poisoning by, 299
Suffocation, death from, 300
Sulphuric acid, poisoning by, 294
Suprarenal capsules, 207 cancer of, 208 cysts in, 208 hæmorrhage of, 208 inflammation of, 207 tubercles in, 208
Testicles, atrophy of, 220 anomalies of, 219 cancer of, 224 cystic disease of, 225 dropsy of, 222 examination of, 219 hæmatocele of, 223 hypertrophy of, 220 inflammation of, 221 tubercles in, 225 tumors in, 226 varicocele of, 223
Teeth, examination of, 65
Throttling, death from, 301
Thrombi in sinuses of dura mater, 37
Tongue, cancer of, 68 examination of, 68 hypertrophy of, 69 ranula of, 68 syphilitic ulcers of, 68 tubercles of, 68 tumors of, 68
Tonsils, catarrhal or croupous inflammation of, 72 examination of, 65
Tubercular disease of lungs, 117 tubercular cavities in, 119 meningitis, 38
Tumors, adenoid, 285 benign, 274 in brain, 54 in bones, 263 in bladder, 211 classification of, 274 cystic, 274 cartilaginous, 280 carcinomatous, 288 in dura mater, 38 fatty, 279 fibrous, 279 in Fallopian tubes, 251 in gall-bladder and ducts, 188 hydatid, 277 in heart, 84 in intestines, 158 lipomatous, 279 lymphatic, 285 in larynx, 71 in lungs, 122 in liver, 182 myxomatous, 278 myomatous, 284 malignant, 286 in mediastinum, 126 in mammæ, 254 neuromatous, 284 osseous, 281 in œsophagus, 73 in ovaries, 251 papillary, 282 polypoid, 283 in pharynx, 73 in pericardium, 75 in peritoneum, 136 in pudenda, 232 in prostate gland, 228 in penis, 218 sarcomatous, 286 in spinal cord, 63 in stomach, 148 in tongue, 68 in testicles, 226 in uterus, 238 in vagina, 234 vascular, 284
Ureters, cancer of, 206 cysts in, 207 defects of, 205 dilatation of, 206 inflammation of, 206 tubercles in, 207
Urethra, contraction of, 213 cancer of, 214 dilatation of, 213 inflammation of, 212 malformations of, 212 rupture of, 213 stricture of, 213 tubercles in, 214 warty growths in, 213
Uterus, anomalies of, 235 atrophy of, 236 cysts in, 240 cancer in, 240 examination of, 235 excrescences, cauliflower, etc., 241 hæmatometra, 236 hypertrophy of, 236 hydrometra, 236 hæmorrhages of, 237 inflammation of, 237, 242, 243 malpositions of, 236 removal of, 132 rupture of, 241 tubercles in, 240 tumors in, 230 ulcerations of, 238
Vagina, anomalies of, 232 dilatation of, 232 examination of, 230 gangrene of, 234 inflammation of, 233 laxity of, 232 laceration of, 232 rigidity of, 232 rupture of, 233 stricture of, 232 tumors of, 234
Valves of heart, aneurism of, 79 atrophy of, 78 calcification of, 78 contraction of, 79 thickening of, 77
Volvulus, 156
Vulva. (See _Pudenda_).
White swelling, 271
Wounds, death from, 317 contused, appearance of, 317 post-mortem distinguished from ante-mortem, 317
Zinc, preparation of, for embalming, 322 quantity of, required, 322
ERRATA.
On page 21, last line, for “culvarium,” read calvarium.
„ 25, fifteenth line, for “collodian,” read collodion.
„ 79, last line, for “that organ,” read those organs.
„ 93, thirteenth line, for “affords,” read afford.
-----
Footnote 1:
Toynbee on the Ear.
Footnote 2:
See No. 509, College Museum.
Footnote 3:
Id, 473.
Footnote 4:
See No. 490, College Museum.
Footnote 5:
“Morbid Anatomy of the Brain, in Mania, &c.,” by Andrew Marshall, M. D.
Footnote 6:
See No. 1386, Case T, College Museum.
Footnote 7:
See No. 1295, Case R, College Museum.
Footnote 8:
See No. 1385, College Museum.
Footnote 9:
See No. 1387, College Museum.
Footnote 10:
Paget’s Pathology, p. 586.
Footnote 11:
Medico-Chirurgical Trans. xvii. p. 507.
Footnote 12:
See Hahnemannian Monthly for May, 1871.
Footnote 13:
In one case, the clot presented a marked resemblance to the abdominal fat of the goose, both in color and consistency.
Footnote 14:
Meigs’ Treatise on Obstetrics, p. 308.
Footnote 15:
No. 1470, College Museum.
Footnote 16:
No. 1344, College Museum.
Footnote 17:
No. 1385, College Museum.
Footnote 18:
See article on Spontaneous Cure of Aneurism, with cases in New York Transactions of Homœpathic Medical Society for 1868, page 170.
Footnote 19:
See case of recovery reported by Dr. R. Koch, in American Jour. of Hom. Mat. Med., Vol. IV., p. 123.
Footnote 20:
See Nos. 1309 and 1351, College Museum.
Footnote 21:
See No. 1506, College Museum.
Footnote 22:
Jones and Sieveking’s Pathological Anatomy.
Footnote 23:
Cirrhosis, as applied to this condition of the liver, has reference to the yellow color, due to the presence of large quantities of yellow pigment contained in the secreting cells; hence the application of the term to diseases of the lungs, kidneys, etc., which resemble cirrhosis of the liver, not in color, but in density of the tissues, is obviously inappropriate.
Footnote 24:
See No. 1495, College Museum.
Footnote 25:
See No. 1496½, College Museum.
Footnote 26:
See report of case of “Ossification of Veins,” by James Kitchen, M. D., in American Journal of Homœopathic Materia Medica for December, 1871, page 143.
Footnote 27:
See No. 1500, College Museum.
Footnote 28:
Specimen No. 1329, College Museum.
Footnote 29:
See No. 1336½, College Museum.
Footnote 30:
See No. 1259, College Museum.
Footnote 31:
Bright’s Disease, by T. Grainger Stewart.
Footnote 32:
See No. 1507, College Museum.
Footnote 33:
Specimen No. 1260, College Museum.
Footnote 34:
See No. 1261, College Museum.
Footnote 35:
See No. 359, College Museum.
Footnote 36:
See No. 329, College Museum.
Footnote 37:
See No. 331, College Museum.
Footnote 38:
See Nos. 335 and 360, College Museum.
Footnote 39:
See Nos. 325 and 326, College Museum.
Footnote 40:
See No. 1476, College Museum.
Footnote 41:
See Nos. 1340 and 1341, College Museum.
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TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
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237 defect in the excretion of the defect in the excretion of the menses, or form a morbidly menses, or from a morbidly
300 oxygen though the lungs. The oxygen through the lungs. The term is generally restricted term is generally restricted
● Typos fixed; non-standard spelling and dialect retained. ● Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.