Chapter 13 of 13 · 3739 words · ~19 min read

CHAPTER XIII

SWEDISH WINTER SPORTS

Never have more English ski runners visited Switzerland or shown greater excellence in winter sports than during the last two or three years, and all those who like myself have tasted the joys of Davos or Pontresina will hardly cavil at either the exodus or the proficiency attained, sun and sport together forming a combination that is not only conducive to boisterous health, but very likely to restore that contentment of mind which any prolonged experience of an English winter usually causes you to lose utterly. That those who have means, leisure, and robustness should take up ski-ing is not, therefore, any more surprising than that Switzerland should enjoy the reputation of being the homeland of winter sports, the secret of Swiss supremacy lying as much in efficient organisation and propaganda as in natural attractions. But Switzerland has many serious rivals which all ski runners should make a point of visiting, and Sweden in particular possesses many excellent winter sport resorts in which good ski-ing can be practised much as it is done in the Alps, though the visitor should not expect to find there the material comforts, hotels de luxe, and even the funiculars that are so characteristic of Switzerland. The country will commend itself, however, to all those who have a craving for novelty and change, and any ski runner who visits it will not only come into touch with the greatest exponents of the art, but will obtain an insight into certain forms and schools of ski-ing that demand just as specialised a technique as those which he will have studied in the Alps.

There are three great centres of winter sport in Sweden: Rättvik in Dalecarlia, Stockholm and Åre in Jämtland, each with its own distinctive variant of winter sport; and I had far rather spend a winter in any of these three than in either Davos or St. Moritz. This may seem to argue a certain inexpertness on skis which I would be the last to deny, but your master of the Cresta run would be a mere novice at Rättvik.

Through the country roads, leaving the furrows of their skis in the snow of shallow dales and gently sloping plateaux—furrows which vanish into the pine woods on the hills or wind among the silver-boled birches fringing the frozen lake of Siljan—a multitude of men, women, and children are swiftly gliding. Some are using their skis for the utilitarian purpose of getting from place to place, but many of them are making lengthy ski tours across country or through the forests; and the gaiety and spontaneous enjoyment of each little party is one of the most exhilarating things that I have ever witnessed. One of the pleasantest memories which I retain of Sweden undoubtedly centres round a particular cross-country ski-ing expedition to which I was invited by some Swedish friends during my stay in Rättvik this winter, of which I will now proceed to give a description. On joining the party of some dozen men and women, all in male attire, I was surprised to see horse sleighs, but I supposed that these would go ahead and wait for us at some rendezvous.

My experience on skis at Davos and Pontresina had made me somewhat contemptuous of the use of sticks—of course every one had a stick in each hand—I had thought of them merely as supports; but as soon as we moved off, I found I had a great deal to learn. Before we had reached the end of the drive of my host’s house, I had realised that the use of sticks is an art in itself.

The skiers started off using their sticks in a way that reminded me of punting; and though the horses set off at a brisk trot, several of the more energetic young people shot ahead on their skis, leaving the sledges behind. I toiled painfully in the rear, my host and a fair Swedish girl who spoke English politely keeping me company. I was particularly mortified when my host’s daughter, aged ten, shot blithely alongside one of the horse-drawn sledges.

I could see across the immense ice sheet of Lake Siljan, fringed with silver-stemmed birches, as we made our way down the drive, but when we came out into the road at the end, we turned away from it into the pine forest. The sleighs were by this time out of sight, the sound of their bells had faded on the frosty air; and we followed over the deep snow carpet, beside their trails.

My calves and ankles were already beginning to ache, and I was as far as ever from using my sticks properly; the pace was very slow. It was so slow indeed that my host, with charming courtesy, asked if ski-ing was new to me, and in the same breath complimented me on picking up the art so quickly. I alluded casually to the ski runs at Pontresina, but I am afraid my host was not impressed. The fact is that cross-country ski-ing is as difficult to master as ski-ing down hill, and that whereas the average Swiss trained ski runner is averse to using his sticks and proud of being able to control his skis without their use, the Swedes have raised the science of using sticks to a fine art. Cross-country ski-ing, as it is practised in Sweden, would of course be an impossibility in Switzerland, which accounts, I fancy, for the rudimentary knowledge which the Swiss skiers often display of the manner in which sticks should be used, and also for their consequent condemnation of them. The speed at which Swedes travel on the level with the help of their sticks is amazing, and I noticed time after time skiers who could keep pace with a horse trotting at fair speed.

Fortunately for me, a horse-drawn sledge had started late, and my host, seeing my exhausted condition, shouted a few words as it swept up beside us. I was intensely relieved to exchange my skis for a seat, or rather a couch in the sledge. In this position I made much better speed, while my host swept forward with the sledge’s previous occupants, the girl who spoke English keeping me company, to rejoin the party before us.

I was now in a position to appreciate half the joy of cross-country ski-ing, my previous efforts having blinded me to the surrounding scenery. The snow-laden trees between which we were gliding assumed the most fanciful shapes. There were aisles leading into mysterious caverns, where the olive of the pines mingled with the virgin whiteness and blue transparency of the snow. Bushes took on the shapes of prehistoric monsters, glades of small trees became an eerie army of ghosts; there must have been goblins and sprites....

When we arrived at the log-built house that was our destination, there was glögg served steaming hot ... and it was nectar.

But ski-ing across country is not by any means the only winter sport of Dalecarlia, for besides tolkning or being towed on skis behind a horse or its sledge, there are good toboggan runs and ski jumps on fairly steep country; and for the lazily inclined long-distance drives in horse-drawn sledges such as I have described, through forest glades of enchanting beauty. Of all these delights, however, there is none to compare with cross-country ski tours; and I should certainly prefer them to the pastime of one Swedish ski runner who for a wager was towed on skis behind the train from Rättvik to the next station ... and arrived intact.

Åre combines the fascination of Swedish winter sports with the thrill peculiar to the Swiss; and while the surrounding country is almost as suitable for cross-country ski-ing as Dalecarlia, it possesses the additional advantage of enabling the winter sport enthusiast to practise almost every variant of ski-ing and winter game. At Storlien, Snasahögarna, and Merakar, there are gradients of every kind, the steepest of these rivalling those of Davos. Åre in certain respects recalls Swiss resorts. Like Davos, it is situated in a mountainous country with high mountain tops in the immediate vicinity. From the lake at the base of Mount Åreskutan (4600 feet) a funicular railway runs up 600 feet, and from this point a bobsleigh run three-quarters of a mile long, with curves as sharp as those of the Cresta, winds down to the hotels below. There are slopes here for every taste: rounded hills, steep slopes, and the famous Tännforsen waterfall, one of the finest in Europe, all within easy distance.

Wandering about here I came upon a lovely place: before me a sheet of ice opened into a broad white field, hard and dry, forming a majestic causeway paved as with white marble. It was evening, and in those solitudes were caverns of deep blue ice lit with the twilight’s after-glow; in the distance, mountains, sombre with pines or glittering white with snow, raised gleaming turrets and dark pyramids up to the smoke-blue sky.

* * * * *

Stockholm lacks nothing. Within forty-five minutes’ walk is the famous jumping course of Fiskartorpet and the ski and toboggan runs of Saltsjöbaden in the Stockholm Archipelago, while the winter-sport enthusiast will find at Djursholm, and within easy distance of the capital, two variants of winter sports that are particularly indigenous to the soil and unknown to other countries. The Ice Yachting and Skate Sailing clubs are located in a greatly indented and island dotted bay, where even the most blasé winter-sport enthusiast may reckon to regain some of the lost thrills of his novitiate. There he may cling to the stern sheets of an ice-boat, heeling over to the sea breeze and driving along at 50 knots an hour, while a fearless Swedish girl sits astride the stern and laughs at the tiller, with the main sheet in one hand, and another leans out to windward as she tends the fore sheet.

[Illustration: THE TÄNNFORSEN WATERFALL, ÅRE]

Ice-yachting has its risks, but the novice learns the art by starting as a passenger, or at least by obeying orders at the fore sheet. Skate-sailing is like a leap in the dark: there can be no passenger on one pair of skates. Armed with ice-pole and life-line, the skier sets forth on his maiden voyage clinging to an unmanageable kite-shaped sail, while he tries to use his body as a mast, at the mercy of the elements.

The great difficulty lies, of course, in trimming the sail to the wind, and I found that the best way to learn was by practising sailing to windward, tacking. The yard, which stretches from the apex of the kite to its truncated tail, is held over the left shoulder, the right arm extending backwards till the hand grips the yard, the left hand holding on to one of the two cross-pieces. To trim the sail the yard must be pushed forward or backward across the shoulder, just as you trim a boat by increasing the area of the foresail to the wind. When the wind blows the sail round, it must be pushed back until the weight is behind, and the foretip of the yard must be held down to prevent it slipping off. When a gust blows aslant, filling the sail, you must drive to windward till the sail flies into the wind.

This sport requires great physical strength and prompt judgment. The expert skate sailors whom I watched attained speeds approaching those of the ice yachts; but to reach such a state of perfection a man must be in the finest physical condition and have tendons and muscles of the ankles greatly strengthened by constant practice of such figures as the Salchow rocking turn.

I do not think I would have attempted this sport if there had been much wind; but throughout my stay in Stockholm there was the usual dry sunny weather with only the lightest of breezes. Of all winter sports skate-sailing is perhaps the most exhilarating, and if once a skier masters its technique, he will probably end by preferring it to any other form of winter sport.

INDEX

Abisko, 176, 187, 190, 192

Adelcrantz, 107

Adolph Frederick, King, 107

Almquist, 91

America, 14

Amsterdam, 74, 96

Ankarcrona, 156

Ansgarius, 68

Archæological remains, 9

Architecture, Swedish, 27, 28, 29, 73, 84, 106, 107, 136-144

Åre, 214, 219, 220

Åreskutan, Mount, 219

Arkö Sound, 64

Art Gallery, Gothenburg, 28

Arvidsberg, 64

Askanäs, 69

Asplången, 62

Asplund, 91

Atlantic, 6

Baggensfjärden, 102

Baltic Sea, 11, 46, 47, 63, 67, 70

Banérs, 79, 103

Bathing, 41, 42

Baths, Swedish, 88

Becket, Thomas à, 96

Beer, 19

Belvedere, 26

Bengt, Bishop, 62

Bennet family, 79

Beowulf, 32, 34, 35, 96

Bergamote pears, 60

Bergsten, 91

Bernadotte, 55, 56, 78

Birger Jarl, 62, 71, 76

Birger Magnusson, 63

Björkö, island, 68

Blekinge, 13

Blood Bath, 76

Blue Church, Vadstena, 60

Boberg, Ferdinand, 27, 84

Bockholm Sound, 68

Bohus Castle, 48, 49

Bohuslän, 4, 9, 23, 29, 32-43, 67

Bonde, Count, 82

Boren, Lake, 60

Borensberg, 60

Borgargärden, 86

Bothair, of Akeback, 120, 140

Botwid, 143

Brask, 46

Brask’s Ditch, 46

Bråviken Bay, 64

Bridge, how played in Sweden, 197

Brinkeberg Hill, 50

Bruce family, 79

Bulgerin, 58

Burgundy, 116

Burmeister House, Visby, 136

Byfjord, 43

Carcassonne, 131

Castles in Sweden, 9

Cattegat, 47

Caucasus, 10

Cederström, 97

Characteristics, Swedish, 14, 15, 146, 148

Charles X., 104

Charles XII., 13, 42, 46, 74, 75, 78,

Christian II. of Denmark, 149

Christianity in Lapland, 174, 175, 181, 182

City Court, Stockholm, 89

Clason, 27, 84

Climate, 5, 6

Continental blockade, 23

Copper mines, 161, 162

Corot, 96

Costumes, Swedish, 153, 154, 156, 157, 158, 180, 181, 208

Cracow, 131

Cranach, 96

Cresta Run, 214, 219

Dagö, 123

Dalälven River, 148

Dalarna, 10, 147-165, 201

Dalecarlia, 10, 94, 95, 147-165, 201, 218

Dalecarlians, 12, 13

Dalhem Church, Gothland, 141

Danes, 12, 46, 94

Dantzig, 76

Davos, 213, 214, 219

Delacroix, 96

Desprez, 109, 115

Djurgården, 95

Djurgårdestaden, 98

Djursholm, 103, 220

Dolmens, 9

Domnarvet, 163

Douglas family, 61

Drottningholm, 104, 105

Düna, 123

East India Company, 22, 23

Edinburgh, 74

Efficiency, Swedish, 14, 24

Ehrenstrahl, 79, 106

Eken, 52

Eleonora, Hedvig, 104, 106

Emerson, 42

Engelbrekt, 64, 149

Engelbrekts Church, 91

Eogtheow, 34

Erik, Prince, 110, 112

Erik XIV., 48

Eriksson, Christian, 89

Epstein, 91

Estbröte, 69

Etter Sound, 64

Eugen, Prince, 90, 97, 156

Fågelö, 69

Falun, 161-165

Falun Museum, 164

Fårö, 123, 145

Finns, 13

Fiskatorpet, 220

Fiskebäckskil, 5, 42

Flight of Gustavus Vasa, 149, 150

Flora, 9

Folkunge, Johan, 69

Food in Lapland, 183, 184

Francis I. of France, 109

Frederikshald, 42

French influence, 72, 73, 105

Freyr, 113, 114

Fröding, 87

Fyris, 112, 115

Gallows of Visby, 134

Gamla Lödöse, 50

Gamlestaden, 50, 79

Garde Church, 141

Gardeners, 25

Geology, 7

Glögg, 205

Göta älv, 19, 20, 198

Göta Canal, 9, 21, 44-69

Götaplatsen, 28

Göteborg, 16-31

Gothenburg, 9, 12, 16-31, 35, 43, 46, 47, 50

Gothland, 11, 76, 118-146

Goths, 12; history of, 122-130

Grämunkeholmen, 77

Greenland, 6

Grendel, 34

Grip, Bo Jonsson, 110

Gripsholm, 110, 111

Grut, 90

Gulf Stream, 6

Gullmar Fjord, 41

Gustafsberg, 102, 103

Gustavianum, 115

Gustavus Adolphus, 21, 77, 78, 94, 113, 161

Gustavus I., 46, 50, 63

Gustavus III., 79, 107, 109, 111

Gustavus IV. Adolphus, 11

Gustavus Vasa, 58, 59, 80, 103, 112, 149, 150, 151, 152, 155, 156

Guta Saga, 119, 120, 123

Gymnastics, Swedish, 5

Hahr, Augustus, 58

Halland, 9

Halleberg, 52

Hällekis, 53

Hållsfjärden, 66

Hamilton, 79

Hans of Denmark, 59

Hans, painter, 112

Hanseatic League, 126, 130

Hansgatan, Visby, 136

Hazelius, 93, 94

Helena, Queen, 61

Hemse, 141

Henry III. of England, 125

Henry the Lion, 125

Herring fisheries, 23, 37

Hisingen, 49

Hoburgen, 145

Högalids, 91

Holy Ghost, Church of, 140, 141

Hotels, Swedish, 29, 116, 117

Hronesnass, 35

Hrothgar, 34

Hygelacs, 34

Ice-yachting, 3, 221

Idrott, 2

Inge, 61

Iron mines, 7, 163

Jämshög, 94

Jämtland, 4, 13, 214

Johan, Prince, 110, 112

John of England, 136

John III., 63

Jönköping, 66, 57, 58

Jordaens, 96

Jordfallet, 48

Josephson, 87

Karl Island, 145

Karlsberg, 55

Kastellholmen, 98

Kattlunda, 145

Kebnekaise, 191

Kettilmundsson, 64

Kew Gardens, 26

Kinnekulle, Mt., 53

Kiruna, 7, 8, 173

Knutsson VIII., Charles, 64

Knarnsveden paper mills, 163

Kneippbyn, 146

Koön, 39

Kopparberg (Stora), 162, 163

Kristine Church, 29

Krylbo, 200

Kulstade, 120

Kungalv, 39, 49

Kungshatt, 69

Kungsholmen, 85, 104

Kyrkstallen, 153

Laduslås, Magnus, King, 77, 78

Lafiensen, 97

Lallerstedt, 90

Land and people, 1-15

Långholmen, 69

Lapgate, 177

Lapland, 6, 10, 11, 13, 166-193

Lapp customs, 173, 180-186

Lapp dogs, 185, 180-186

Lapp hut, night in a, 176-186

Lapp huts, 178, 179

Lapps, 13, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 179, 180-186

Larsson, 97

Le Frans, 143

Lejonbacken, 74

Leksand, 153, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160

Lenotre, 105

Lepers’ Church, 133

Leslie, 179

Lewenhaupt, 79

Lewis, 79

Lighthouses, 64, 65

Likkair Snälle, 120

Liljefors, 97

Liljehorn’s House, 136

Linde, Van, 82

Ling, P. H., 3, 5

Linköping, 46, 62

Louis XIV. of France, 104

Lübeck, 71, 72, 80, 127

Lund University, 5

Lützen, 94

Lysekil, 5, 41, 42, 43

Madrid, 93

Magnus, 59, 77, 78, 127

Magnusson, Håkon, 48

Maiden’s Tower, 132

Majorna, 29

Marathon, 152, 156

Mälar, 67, 70, 85, 109, 110, 113

Manet, 96

Mariefred, 110

Margaret, Queen, 59

Margaret, Queen of Denmark, 149

Marstrand, 5, 38, 39, 43

Masreliez, 75, 107

Masthuggs Kyrka, 20, 29

Mem, 63

Merakar, 219

Midnight sun, 176, 177, 187-193

Milles, 87, 90, 91, 97

Mongolians, 13

Mora, 152, 153, 155

Motala, 60

Munkbron, 82

Naess, 32

Napoleon, 23

National Museum, 96

New Concert Hall, Stockholm, 91, 92

Nilsson, Magnus, 61

Njulja, Mt., 189

Nordiska, 93

Norrbro, 74

Norrköping, 46, 66

Norrland, 10, 13

Norrmalm, 72

Norrström, 70

Norsborg, 68

Norsholm, 46, 62

North Sea, 34, 46

Norway, 10, 96

Norwegians, 12, 13

Notke (Bernt), 77

Nynäshamn, 118

Odin, 113, 114

Öja Church, 143

Oktorp, 95

Old Apothecary Shop, 136

Old Houses, Visby, 135, 186, 145

Old superstitions, 144

Olympic Games, 5

Omberg, 57

Örbyhus, 111

Ornäs, 151

Orpen, 96

Örsbaken, 66

Östberg, Ragnar, 28, 84, 85, 87, 88-90

Östergotland, 45

Österlånggatan, 82

Östermalm, 90

Oxel trees, 55

Oxelösund, 64, 65

Oxford, 115

Palnoviken, 187, 190, 192

Passenger steamers, 16, 17

Patriotism in Sweden, 11

Peace, Congress of, 49, 110

Peasant Art, 159, 160

People, 11

Petersen, 82

Platen, von Baltzar, 47, 48, 60

Polhem, 46, 47

Pontresina, 213, 215

Porla, 7

Post Office, Gothenburg, 29

Powder Tower, 132

Precht, Burchardt, 77, 106

Public gardens, 25

Pussyfoot, 19

Queen’s Hall, 92

Railways, Swedish, 199, 200

Ramunderhäll, 63

Ratibur, King of the Wends, 49

Rättvik, 150, 152, 153, 154, 201-212, 214

Ravlunda, 95

Reception Hall, Stockholm, 90

Rehn, J. Erik, 106, 107

Reindeer in Lapland, 169

Rembrandt, 96

Restaurants, Swedish, 40, 41, 101

Riddarholmen, 77, 79

Riddarholmskyrkan, 77

Riddarhuset, 73, 81

Röjeråsen, 211

Roman Church, 141

Roos, 13

Routes to Sweden, 16

Roxen, 62

Royal Armoury, 93

Royal Hotel, Stockholm, 41, 116

Royal Palace, 74, 75

Royal Theatre, 108, 109

Rubens, 96

Russian steppes, 10

Saga, 16, 195, 196, 198

St. Bridget, Swedish saint, 58, 59

St. Catherine’s Church, 119, 140, 141

St. Clara, 88

St. Clement’s Church, 140

St. Drotten’s, 139

St. Goran’s Church, 133

St. John’s Church, 140

St. Lars’ Church, 139

St. Mary’s Church, 130, 137, 138

St. Moritz, 214

St. Nicholas Church, 129, 139

St. Olaf’s Tower, 140

St. Pancras Station, 16

St. Peter’s Church, 25, 140

Saltsjöbaden, 101, 220

Sandö, 146

Särö, 5

Scenery, 8, 9, 10, 33, 190, 193, 200, 201, 208, 209, 218, 220

Shaw, Norman, 84

Shop fronts in Sweden, 83

Sighafr, 143

Sigtuna, 70

Siljan, 13, 148, 149, 152, 201, 216

Siljeström (Lars), 159

Skåne, 7, 8, 12, 13, 85, 94

Skansen, 94, 95

Skärgård, 4, 19, 33, 68, 100, 101, 104, 198

Skate sailors, 221, 222

Skerries of Stockholm, 100-117

Ski-ing, 3, 210, 214, 215, 217

Skutskär pulp-mills, 163

Slagstaholmen, 69

Slite, 146

Slottskogen, 26

Småland, 12, 13

Smörgåsbord, 17, 18, 19

Snäckgärdsbaden, 146

Snaps, Swedish cocktail, 18, 19

Snasahögarna, 219

Söderköping, 63

Södermanland, Duke Charles of, 112

Södertälje, 66, 67

Södertörn, 67, 68

Sophia, Queen, 61

Sound, the, 46

Spetsnäset, 54

Sport, Swedish love of, 1

Stadium, 90

Stadsholmen, 71

Stadshus, Stockholm, 28, 85

Stage, Swedish, 108, 109

Standard of living, 15

Stånga Church, 141

Stegeborg, 63

Sten Sture, 64

Stenbock, Catherine, 59

Stendörren, 66

Stewart, 79

Stockholm, 4, 6, 28, 63, 67, 68, 69, 70-100, 214, 220, 221, 222

Stockholm Archipelago, 45

Storkyrkan, 76

Storlien, 219

Stortorget, 76

Strandgatan, 136

Strängnäs, 112

Stream, the, 101

Strindberg, 87

Ström, the, 102

Strömmen, 82

Strömstad, 42

Sturehof, 68

Summer in Lapland, 168

Sun worship in Gothland, 144

Sveas, 12

Sverkersson, King Charles, 61

Swedenborg, 42

Swedish characteristics, 14, 15, 148

Swedish Christmas, 194-212

Swedish East India Company, 28

Swedish gardens, 25

Swedish hospitality, 15

Swedish Lloyd, 16

Swedish meals, 16-19, 204, 205

Swedish steamers, 44, 45, 54, 55

Switzerland, 213

Tännforsen Waterfalls, 219

Technical High School, Stockholm, 90

Tengbom, 91

Tessin brothers, 73, 75, 78, 104, 105, 106, 107, 110, 112, 124, 125

Thirty Years’ War, 113

Thor, 113, 114, 123

Thorstenson, 79

Timber, 7, 8

Tiren, 156

Torne Träsk Lake, 176, 187, 190

Törneman, 90

Torsburgen, 123, 124

Trädgårdsföreningen Park, 26

Trees, Christmas, 200, 201, 203

Trollhättan, 50, 51

Uddevalla, 42, 43

Ulrika, Queen Louise, 106

United States, 15

University Library, Upsala, 115

Upland, 35

Upsala, 70, 112-115

Väderhatt, King Erik, 69

Vadstena, 58, 59, 60

Valdemar, 61, 128, 129, 132

Vallée, De la, 79

Van Dyck, A., 96

Vänern, 12, 51, 53

Vänersborg, 52

Vasaloppet, 152, 156

Värmdö, 103

Värtan, North, 103

Västergarn, 128

Västerlånggatan, 82

Västergotland, 53

Västgöte, Arvid, 64

Vättern, 12, 55, 56

Vaxholm, 103

Versailles, 74, 105

Viken, 13, 54, 55

Vikings, 2, 12, 34

Viklau Church, 143

Visby, 90, 118-141, 148

Visby Börs Hotel, 136

Visby Museum, 135, 136

Vising Island, 57, 58

Vreta Abbey, 61, 62

Walls of Visby, 130, 131, 132

Waterfalls, 10, 219

Westman, Carl, 84, 90

Winter sports, 3, 210, 211, 212, 213, 222

Zorn, 97, 156

_Printed in Great Britain by_ R. & R. CLARK, LIMITED, _Edinburgh_.

Transcriber’s Notes

Page 224—changed Djurgårdsstaden to =Djurgårdestaden= Page 226—changed Orbyhus to =Örbyhus= Page 227—changed Rojeråsen to =Röjeråsen= Page 227—changed Sten Stura to =Sten Sture= Page 228—changed Trädgardsföreningen to =Trädgårdsförengen= Page 228—changed Västgote to =Västgöte= Page 228—changed Västerlanggatan to =Västerlånggatan=