CHAPTER XX

. SERFS, SLAVES, SOCIAL CLASSES, AND FREE INDIVIDUALS

§ 1. The common man in ancient times 254

§ 2. The earliest slaves 256

§ 3. The first “independent” persons 259

§ 4. Social classes three thousand years ago 262

§ 5. Classes hardening into castes 266

§ 6. Caste in India 268

§ 7. The system of the Mandarins 270

§ 8. A summary of five thousand years 272

## BOOK IV

JUDEA, GREECE, AND INDIA

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