Chapter XII

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[156] Vol. ii., p. 315.

[157] This proclamation has been printed many times, in various government publications, e.g., War Department Report, 1899, vol. i., pt. 4, pp. 355-6; Senate Document 208, 56th Congress, 1st Session (1900), pp. 82-3, etc.

[158] Senate Document 62, pt. 1, 55th Congress, 3d Session, p. 272.

[159] The "self-doubting" lay in the doubt of the Administration as to whether its programme of conquest would or would not be ratified by the Senate. The "pusillanimity" lay, wholly unbeknown to Washington of course, in the estimate of us it produced among the Filipinos.

[160] War Department Report, 1899, vol. i., pt. 4, p. 62.

[161] War Department Report, 1899, vol. i., pt. 4, p. 64.

[162] War Dept. Report, 1899, vol. i., pt. 4, p. 79.

[163] Ib., p. 67.

[164] "I sent you the President's proclamation, not for publication, but for your information," wrote Otis to Miller after the latter had let the cat out of the bag. Senate Document 208, p. 58.

[165] Senate Document 208, 56th Cong., 1st Sess., p. 54.

[166] War Dept. Report, 1899, vol. i., pt. 4, p. 66.

[167] Ibid.

[168] War Dept. Report, 1899, vol. i., pt. 4, p. 59.

[169] Senate Document 208, 56th Cong., 1st Sess. (1900), pp. 54-5.

[170] Colonel Enoch H. Crowder, General Otis's Judge Advocate, was "the brains of" the Otis government. But the difference between General Otis and Aguinaldo was that Aguinaldo always had the good sense to follow Mabini's advice, while Otis did not always follow Crowder's.

[171] Senate Document 208, p. 56.

[172] S. D. 208, p. 58.

[173] See Congressional Record, January 18, 1899, p. 734.

[174] Senate Document 208, p. 59.

[175] War Department Report, 1899, vol. i., pt. 4, p. 66.

[176] Senate Document 208, 56th Cong., 1st Sess., 1900, p. 58, letter to General Miller.

[177] A campaign synonym for forced marching. It has no known etymology, but to the initiated it suggests torrential downpouring of rain and bedraggled mud-spattered columns of troops.

[178] Senate Document 208, pt. 2, p. 7.

[179] Otis Report, p. 80.

[180] The American "Tommy Atkins."

[181] Otis Report, 1899 War Dept. Rpt., 1899, vol. i., pt. 4, p. 81.

[182] See Senate Document 331, 1902, p. 2709 et seq.

[183] Congressional Record, January 11, 1899, p. 735.

[184] Ib., January 18, 1899, p. 733.

[185] The vote on the Bacon resolution was a tie, 29 to 29, and the Vice-President of the United States then cast the deciding vote against it. Cong. Rec., Feby. 14, 1899, p. 1845.

[186] See Present-Day Problems, by Wm. H. Taft, p. 9; Dodd, Mead, & Co., N. Y., 1908.

[187] Congressional Record, February 14, 1899, p. 1846 (55th Cong., 3d Sess.).

[188] See General Hughes's testimony before Senate Committee, 1902, Senate Document 331, p. 508.

[189] See Annual Report of the Secretary of War to the President for 1899, pp. 7 et seq.

[190] This is no mere attempt at rhetorical decoration. Said General MacArthur to the Senate Committee in 1902 concerning Aguinaldo: "He was the incarnation of the feelings of the Filipinos." Senate Document 331, 1902, p. 1926.

[191] Senate Document 331, 1902, pp. 2927 et seq.

[192] Senate Document 208, 56th Cong., 1st Sess., p. 23.

[193] Senate Document 62, 55th Cong., 3d Sess., 1898-9, p. 383.

[194] See end of