Part 47

AUTHORITIES.--The most modern and most critical biographies are those of Dr Theophilo Braga, _Camões, epoca e Vide_ (Oporto, 1907), and of Dr Wilhelm Storck, _Luis de Camões Leben_ (Paderborn, 1890), while the most satisfactory edition of the complete works is due to the Visconde de Juromenha (6 vols., Lisbon, 1860-1869), though it contains some spurious matter. While rejecting without good reason many of the traditions accepted by Juromenha in his life of the poet, Storck embroiders on his own account, and Braga must be preferred to him. Two volumes of Innocencio da Silva's _Diccionario Bibliographico Portuguez_ (14 and 15) are entirely devoted to Camoens and Camoniana, the second of them dealing fully with the tercentenary celebrations. Among modern Portuguese studies of the national epic the most important are perhaps _Camões e a Renascença em Portugal_, by Oliveira Martins, and _Camões e o Sentimento Nacional_, by Dr T. Braga (Oporto, 1891). The latter volume contains useful information on the various editions of Camoens, with an account of the texts and remarks on his plagiarists. Very few poets have been so often translated, and a list and estimate of the English translations of the _Lusiads_ from the time of Sir Richard Fanshawe (1655) downwards, will be found in Sir Richard Burton's _Camoens: His Life and His Lusiads_, which, notwithstanding some errors, is a most informing book, and the result of a curious similarity of temperament and experience between master and disciple. Burton translated the _Lusiads_ (2 vols., London, 1880) and the _Lyricks_ (sonnets, canzons, odes and sextines; 2 vols., London, 1884), and left a version of all the minor works in MS. The accurate and readable version of the epic by Mr J.J. Aubertin, with the Portuguese text opposite, has gone through two editions (2nd ed., 2 vols., London, 1884), and there is a version of seventy of the sonnets, accompanied by the Portuguese text, by the same author (London, 1881). (E. Pr.)