book 23
, chs. 4, 5 in Schweighaeuser’s text.
[117] In B.C. 191 Philopoemen secured the adhesion of Sparta to the Achaean league: but the Spartans were never united in their loyalty to it, and during his year as Strategus (B.C. 189) he punished a massacre of some Achaean sympathisers in Sparta by an execution of eighty Spartans at Compasium on the frontier of Laconia. This number Plutarch gives on the authority of Polybius, but another account stated it at three hundred and fifty. Plut. _Phil._ 16.
[118] Some words are lost from the text describing their method of procedure.
[119] Some words are lost in the text which would more fully explain the transaction.
[120] Something is lost in the text.
[121] Livy (39, 24) gives the names as Q. Caecilius Metellus, M. Baebius Tamphilus, Ti. Sempronius.
[122] Livy (39, 34) more cautiously says: veneno _creditur_ sublatus. Such accusations were easily made, and not easily proved or confuted.
[123] For the ten Cosmi of Crete, see Aristot. _Pol._ 2, 10; and Muller’s _Dorians_, vol. ii. p. 133 _sq._ Cydas gives his name to the year as πρωτόκοσμος, see C.I.G. 2583. The same inscription contains the title κοσμόπολις, apparently like πολιοῦχος, as a name for a guardian hero of the city. We have already had this latter title as that of a chief magistrate at Locri. See bk. 12, ch. 16.
[124] There is some loss in the text as to these names. The last is mentioned on a Greek embassy in 22, 16. See also the index. Livy, 39, 41, says nothing of this committee of three.
[125] The ten federal magistrates of the league, who formed a council to act with the general. Their number probably arose from the number of the Achaean cantons or towns, after two of the twelve—Helice and Olenus—were destroyed. Polybius nowhere else gives them this title in any part of the history we possess, but its use by Livy, 32, 22, seems to point to his having used it in other places. It also occurs in a letter of Philip II. (perhaps genuine) quoted in Demosth. _de Cor._ 157. Polybius calls them also οἱ ἄρχοντες, ἀρχαί, προεστῶτες συνάρχοντες, συναρχίαι. See Freeman’s _Federal Gov._ p. 282.
[126] That is, apparently, by some fresh disturbance towards the end of B. C. 183. See Strachan-Davidson, p. 495.
[127] The Messenians revolted from the league B. C. 183, and in the course of the fighting which ensued Philopoemen fell into an ambush, was taken prisoner, and put to death by them. See ch. 12.
[128] Stasinus _fr._
[129] He was ill with fever. Plutarch, _Phil._ 18.
[130] Livy (39, 50) speaks of Lycortas at the time of Philopoemen’s death as _alter imperator Achaeorum_. If he had been the ὑποστρατηγός we know that he would not by law have succeeded on the death of the Strategus. Plutarch, _Phil._ 21, seems to assert that an election was held at once, but not the ordinary popular election.
[131] That is the ten Demiurgi.
[132] The second congress of the year seems to mean not that held for election of the Strategus for the next year, which met about 12th May, but the second regular meeting in August.
[133] This looks like a local name, but no place is known corresponding to it. A Diactorides of Sparta is mentioned in Herodotus, 6, 127; and perhaps, as Hultsch suggests, we ought to read “Cletis and Diactorius.”
[134] The mission to Eumenes and Pharnaces has been already mentioned in bk. 23, ch. 9, but the name of the ambassador was not given; nor is it mentioned by Livy (40, 20), who records the mission. It is uncertain who is meant by Marcus, some editors have altered it to Marcius, _i.e._ Q. Marcius Philippus, who had been sent to Macedonia, imagining him to have fulfilled both missions.
[135] From Strabo (vii. 5, 13), who adds: “But this is not true, for the distance from the Adriatic is immense, and there are many obstacles in the way to obscure the view.”
[136] Perhaps thirty, which seems to have been the legal age for admission to political functions. See 29, 24.
[137] See Hicks’s _Greek Inscriptions_, p. 330.
[138] Something is lost from the text.
[139] From Strabo 3, ch. 4, who quotes Poseidonius as criticising this statement by remarking that Polybius must count every tower as a city.
[140] The notices are put up at the three places visited yearly by great numbers, and by many separate pilgrims. It is interesting to notice the persistence in a custom common from the earliest times, at any rate as far as Delos and Delphi are concerned. Iton was in Thessaly, and the temple and oracle of Athena there was celebrated throughout Greece, and was the central place of worship for the Thessalians. The town stood in a rich plain on the river Cuarius, and hence its name—sometimes written Siton—was connected by some with σιτόφορος, “corn-bearing” (Steph. Byz. Homer calls it μητέρα μήλων, “mother of sheep.” Pyrrhus hung up in this temple the spoils of Antigonus and his Gallic soldiers about B. C. 273. [Pausan. 1, 13, 2]. “Itonian Athena” had temples in other parts of Greece also, _e.g._ in Boeotia [Paus. 91, 34, 1].
[141] The war in Istria, and the mutiny of the troops against the consul Manlius, are described in Livy, 41, 8-11.
[142] Besides this connexion with Seleucus of Syria, sure to be offensive to Rome, Perseus gave a sister to Prusias, another enemy of Rome and Eumenes. Livy, 42, 12.
[143] This word, of unknown origin, seems to be used here for the toga, or some dress equivalent to it. See 10, 4.
[144] Marcius on his return to Rome gloried in having thus deceived the king and gained time for preparations at Rome, but his action was repudiated by the Senate. Livy, 42, 47.
[145] Ismenias had just been elected Strategus of Boeotia; but the party who had supported a rival candidate had in revenge obtained a decree of the league banishing the Boeotarchs from all the Boeotian cities. They had, however been received at Thespiae, whence they were recalled to Thebes and reinstated by a reaction in popular feeling. Then they obtained another decree banishing the twelve men who, though not in office, had convened the league assembly; and Ismenias as Strategus sentenced them to the loss of all rights in their absence. These are the “exiles” here meant (Livy, 42, 43). Who Neon was is not certain; but we find in the next chapter that he had been a leader in the Macedonising party at Thebes, perhaps a son of Brachylles, whose father’s name was Neon (see 20, 5). He was captured in B.C. 167 and put to death by the Romans (Livy, 45, 31).
[146] See note 2, page 356.
[147] τὰ δίθυρα, Livy (42, 44) says in _tribunal legatorum_, and Casaubon contents himself with the same word. Schweighaeuser translates it _podium_, as if a “raised platform” on which the commissioners sat was meant. I think it is used in the natural sense of a “door” leading into the hall in which they were sitting, and into which Ismenias fled for refuge. Livy used _tribunal_ from the ideas of his age as to the construction of such a building.
[148] The text has Θήβας, which is inconsistent with what follows as to the Thebans. An inscription found on the site of Thisbae supplies the correction of an error as old as Livy (42, 46, 47). See Hicks’s _G. I._ p. 330.
[149] Gaius Lucretius had seen naval service as _duumvir navalis_ on the coast of Liguria in B.C. 181. Livy, 40, 26. He was now (B.C. 171) Praetor, his _provincia_ being the fleet, and commanded 40 quinqueremes. _Id._ 42, 48.
[150] Livy, who translates this passage, calls the missile a _cestrosphendona_ (42, 65).
[151] In Phocis. The name was variously given as Phanoteis, Phanote, Phanota (Steph. _Byz._)
[152] Schweighaeuser seems to regard this as a second name. But the Greeks seldom had such, and it is more likely the designation of some unknown locality. There was an Attic deme named Cropia, and therefore the name is a recognised one (Steph. _Byz._) Gronovius conjectured Ὠρωπίῳ “of Oropus.”
[153] Apparently the Anticyra on the Sperchius, on the borders of Achaia Phthiotis.
[154] Hence Attalus obtained the name of Philadelphus. The origin of Eumenes’s loss of popularity in the Peloponnese is referred to in 28, 7, but no adequate cause is alleged. A reference to Achaia in his speech at Rome was not perhaps altogether friendly (Livy, 42, 12), and we shall see that he was afterwards suspected of intriguing with Perseus; but if this extract is rightly placed, it can hardly be on this latter ground that the Achaeans had renounced him.
[155] Antiochus IV. Epiphanes, B.C. 175-164; Ptolemy VI. Philometor, B.C. 181-146.
[156] See 16, 18.
[157] The decree referred to is given in Livy, 43, 17. “No one shall supply any war material to the Roman magistrates other than that which the Senate has decreed.” This had been extracted from the Senate by vehement complaints reaching Rome of the cruel extortions of the Roman officers in the previous two years.
[158] Polybius seems to mean the smaller council, not the public assembly, though Livy evidently understood the latter (43, 47).
[159] The expedition of Perseus into Illyricum apparently took place late in the year B.C. 170 and in the first month of B.C. 169. Livy, 43, 18-20.
[160] Hyscana, or Uscana, a town of the Illyrian tribe Penestae.
[161] That is, the war between Antiochus and Ptolemy.
[162] The Antigoneia was a festival established in honour of Antigonus Doson, who had been a benefactor of the Achaeans. In 30, 23, it is mentioned as being celebrated in Sicyon. The benefactions of this Macedonian king to the Achaeans are mentioned by Pausanias (8, 8, 12).
[163] See 27, 19; 18, 1, 17.
[164] Seleucus Nicanor, B.C. 306-280.
[165] Livy (44, 8) calls it the Enipeus (_Fersaliti_), a tributary of the Peneus.
[166] In a previous part of the book now lost. See Livy, 44, 25.
[167] The extract begins in the middle of a sentence at the top of a page. I have supplied these words at a guess, giving what seems the sense.
[168] P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica Corculum was afterwards Pontifex Maximus (B.C. 150). See Cic. _de Sen._ 3, 50.
[169] Of the two eldest sons of Aemilius, the elder was adopted by Quintus Fabius Maximus, the second by P. Cornelius Scipio, son of the elder Africanus, his maternal uncle.
[170] From Plutarch, _Aemilius_, 15, who adds that Polybius made a mistake as to the number of soldiers told off for this service, which to judge from Livy, 44, 35, Polybius probably stated at 5000. Plutarch got his correction from an extant letter of Nasica (8000 Roman infantry, with 120 horse, and 200 Thracians and Cretans).
[171] From Plutarch, who again contradicts this last statement, on the authority of Nasica, who said that there was a sharp engagement on the heights.
[172] The Roman was saved from a scare by the eclipse being foretold by Gaius Sulpicius Gallus, famous for his knowledge of Greek literature and astronomy. He is represented by Cicero as explaining the celestial globe (_sphaera_) which Marcellus brought from Syracuse. He was consul in B.C. 166. Livy, 44, 37; Cicero, _Brut._ § 78; _de Repub._ 1, § 21.
[173] ἐν ἀγορᾷ. The objection, though it served to divert the magistrates from going on with the proposition at the time, seems to have been got over before the meeting at Sicyon; unless, indeed, the latter was considered to be of a different nature in regard to the age of those attending. But we have no information as to this restriction of thirty years of age,—whether it was universal, or confined to
## particular occasions. This passage would seem to point to the latter
alternative.
[174] Livy says _viginti millia_. By χρυσοῦς Polybius appears to mean “staters,” worth about 20 drachmae (20 francs). This would give a rough value of the present as £8000, or on Livy’s computation twice that amount.
[175] Called by Polybius in previous books Conope, 4, 64; 5, 6. Its name was changed to Arsinoe, from its having been rebuilt and enlarged by Arsinoe, sister and wife of Ptolemy Philadelphus (Strabo, 10, 2, 22). It was on the east bank of the Achelous. Its modern name is _Angelokastro_. The civil war in Aetolia alluded to here is mentioned in Livy, 41, 25 (B.C. 174). This particular massacre appears to have taken place in B.C. 168-167. Livy (45, 28) narrates that Aemilius was met during his Greek tour in B.C. 167 by a crowd of Aetolians, in a miserable state of destitution, who informed him that five hundred and fifty Aetolian nobles had been massacred by Lyciscus and Tisippus, besides many driven into exile, and that the goods of both had been confiscated.
[176] From Athenaeus, XIV. 4, p. 615. It seems to be part of some strictures of Polybius on the coarseness of the amusements of the Romans. This noisy and riotous scene in a theatre would strike a Greek as barbarous and revolting; and may remind us of the complaints of the noise and interruption to their actors so often found in the prologues to the plays of Plautus and Terence. Though the substance of this extract is doubtless from Polybius, Athenaeus has evidently told the anecdote in his own language.
[177] Menalcidas was one of the Romanising party, who appears to have been Strategus of the league in B.C. 153 [Pausan. 7, 11, 7], and to have committed suicide in B.C. 148-147, in despair at his failure to wrest Sparta from the league.
[178] Haliartus had been taken by the praetor L. Lucretius Gallus in B.C. 171, its inhabitants sold into slavery, and its houses and walls entirely destroyed. Its crime was siding with Perseus. Livy, 42, 63. _Supra_ bk. 27, ch. 5; 29, 12.
[179] A drachma may be taken as between a sixth and a seventh of an ounce.
[180] Hultsch prints in parallel columns the text of this fragment as it appears in Athenaeus and Diodorus. The English translation attempts to combine them.
[181] He means that, they being no longer able to decide in mercantile affairs independently of Rome, the prestige (προστασία), and consequently the popularity, of this harbour is destroyed.
[182] Demetrius had been exchanged for his uncle Antiochus Epiphanes in B.C. 175, just eleven years before.
[183] The _Senatus Consultum de Macedonibus_ (Livy, 45, 29) had declared all Macedonians free; each city to enjoy its own laws, create its own annual magistrates, and pay a tribute to Rome—half the amount that it had paid to the king. Macedonia was divided into four regions, at the respective capitals of which—Amphipolis, Thessalonica, Pella, and Pelagonia—the district assemblies (concilia) were to be held, the revenue of the district was to be collected, and the district magistrates elected; and there was to be no inter-marriage or mutual rights of owning property between the regions.
[184] The Greek of this sentence is certainly corrupt, and no satisfactory sense can be elicited from it.
[185] Ariarathes, the elder, had been in alliance with Antiochus the Great, and had apparently given him one of his daughters in marriage, who had been accompanied by her mother to Antioch, where both had now fallen victims to the jealousy of Eupator’s minister, Lysias. See 21, 43.
[186] The anger of the Alexandrians had been excited against Ptolemy Physcon by his having, for some unknown reason, caused the death of Timotheus, who had been Ptolemy Philometor’s legate at Rome. See 28, 1. Diodor. _Sic._ fr. xi.
[187] The first line is of unknown authorship. The second is from Euripides, _Phoeniss._ 633. The third apophthegm is again unknown. The last is from Epicharmus, see 18, 40.
[188] About £12.
[189] In his Censorship (B.C. 184) Cato imposed a tax on slaves under twenty sold for more than ten sestertia (about £70.) Livy, 39, 44.
[190] Called Ptolemy the Orator in 28, 19.
[191] A more detailed statement of the controversies between Carthage and Massanissa, fostered and encouraged by the Romans, is found in Appian, _Res Punicae_, 67 _sq._
[192] Demetrius was now king. On his escape from Rome, described in bk. 31, chs. 20-23, he had met with a ready reception in Syria, had seized the sovereign power, and put the young Antiochus and his minister Lysias to death; this was in B.C. 162. Appian, _Syriac._ ch. 47.
[193] ἐν ταῖς συγκρίσεσιν. But it is very doubtful what the exact meaning of this word is. Alcaeus seems to be the Epicurean philosopher who, among others, was expelled from Rome in B.C. 171. See Athenaeus, xii. 547, who however calls him Alcios. See also Aelian, _V. Hist._ 9, 12.
[194] See note on p. 456.
[195] She was the daughter of C. Papirius Carbo, Coss. B.C. 231.
[196] The following pedigree will show the various family connexions here alluded to:—
Publius Cornelius Scipio ob. in Spain B.C. 212. | P. Cornelius = Aemilia, sister of Lucius Aemilius Paulus = Papiria Scipio Africanus| ob. B.C. 162. ob. B.C. 160. | ob. B.C. 187. | | | +-----------------+---------------+ | | | | | Quintus Fabius Scipio two | Maximus adopted by Aemilianus daughters | Q. F. M. b. B.C. 185. | +-------------+---------------------------------+ | | | P. = Cornelia(1). Cornelia(2) = Tib. Sempronius Publius Cornelius Scipio Gracchus. Scipio Africanus Nasica ob. s. p. adopted his cousin who became Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus Africanus ob. B.C. 129.
[197] τῶν ἐπίπλων, the _ornamenta_ of a bride, consisting of clothes, jewels, slaves, and other things, in accordance with her station. See Horace, _Sat._ 2, 3, 214. For the three instalments in which it was necessary to pay dowries, see Cicero _ad Att._ ii. 23; 2 _Phil._ § 113.
[198] ποιοῦντος τὴν διαγραφὴν seems a banker’s term for “paying,” _i.e._ by striking off or cancelling a debt entered against a man. The only other instance of such a use seems to be Dionys. Hal. 5, 28.
[199] Of his two younger sons one died five days before his Macedonian triumph, the other three days after it. See Livy, 45, 40.
[200] The two sisters were both named Aemilia; the elder was married to Q. Aelius Tubero, the younger to M. Porcius Cato, elder son of the Censor. The daughters were prevented from taking the inheritance of their mother’s property by the lex Voconia (B.C. 174), in virtue of which a woman could not be a haeres, nor take a legacy greater than that of the haeres, or of all the haeredes together. The object of the law was to prevent the transference of the property of one gens to another on a large scale. It was evaded (1) by trusteeships, Gaius, 2, 274; Plutarch, _Cic._ 41: (2) by the assent of the haeres, Cic. _de Off._ 2, § 55. And it was relaxed by Augustus in favour of mothers of three children, _Dio Cass._ 56, 10. See also Cicero _de Sen._ § 14; _de legg._ 2, 20; _de Rep._ 3, 10; _Verr._ 2, 1, 42; Pliny, _Panegyr._ 42; Livy, _Ep._ 41.
[201] That is, the morning from daybreak till about ten or eleven. The _salutationes_ came first, and the law business in the third hour.
[202] Ariarathes V. had been expelled his kingdom by Demetrius, who, in consideration of one thousand talents, had assisted his reputed brother Orophernes, who had been palmed off on Ariarathes IV. by his wife, to displace him. The Senate, when eventually appealed to, decided that the two brothers should share the kingdom. Livy, _Ep._ 47; Appian, _Syr._ 47.
[203] Ariarathes arrived in the summer of B.C. 158.
[204] τὴν Ἰακὴν καὶ τεχνητικὴν ἀσωτίαν. The translation given above is in accordance with the explanation of Casaubon, who quoted Horace (_Odes_ 3, 6, 21), _Motus doceri gaudet Ionicos matura virgo_. Orophernes had been sent to Ionia, when Antiochis had a real son (Ariarathes V.), that he might not set up a claim to the throne. He had been imposed by Antiochis on her husband Ariarathes IV. before she had a real son.
[205] Orophernes was soon deposed, and Ariarathes V. restored, but we have no certain indication when this happened. See 3, 5.
[206] The episode of Oropus here referred to, Polybius’s account of which is lost, was made remarkable by the visit of the three philosophers to Rome as ambassadors from Athens. The story, as far as Athens was concerned, as told by Pausanias, 7, 11, 4-7. The Athenians had been much impoverished by the events of the war with Perseus (B.C. 172-168), and had made a raid or raids of some sort upon Oropus. The Oropians appealed to Rome. The Romans referred the assessment of damages to an Achaean court at Sicyon. The Athenians failed to appear before the court at Sicyon, and were condemned by default to a fine of five hundred talents. Thereupon Carneades the Academician, Diogenes the Stoic, and Critolaus the Peripatetic were sent to plead for a remission of a fine which the Athenians were wholly unable to pay. They made a great impression on the Roman youth by their lectures, and Cato urged that they should get their answer and be sent away as soon as possible. The Senate reduced the fine to one hundred talents: but even that the Athenians could not collect; and they seem to have managed to induce the Oropians to allow an Athenian garrison to hold Oropus, and to give hostages for their fidelity to the Athenian government. This led to fresh quarrels and an appeal to the Achaean government. The Achaean Strategus, Menalcidas of Sparta, was bribed by a present of ten talents to induce an interference in behalf of Oropus. Thereupon the Athenians withdrew their garrison from Oropus, after pillaging the town, and henceforth took no part in the quarrels which ensued, arising from the demands of Menalcidas for his ten talents; which the Oropians refused to pay, on the ground that he had not helped them as he promised; quarrels which presently centred round the question of the continuance of Sparta in the Achaean league. The date of the original quarrel between Athens and Oropus is not fixed, but the mission of the philosophers was in B.C. 155. See Plutarch, _Cato_, 22; Pliny, _N. H._ 7, 112-113; Aulus Gellius, 6, 14; Cic. _ad Att._ 12, 23; _Tusc._ 4, § 5.
[207] _C. Marcius consul adversus Dalmatas parum prospere primum, postea feliciter pugnavit._ The war was continued in the next year (B.C. 155), and the Dalmatians subdued for the time by the consul P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica. Livy, _Ep._ 47.
[208] Temnus was in Mysia, s. of the river Hermus. Cynneius or Cyneius Apollo seems to mean Apollo guardian of the shepherd dogs. There was, according to Suidas (s. v. κυνήειος), a temple to Apollo at Athens with that title, said to have been the work of Cynnis, a son of Apollo and a nymph Parnethia.
[209] The battle, in which Prusias is here said to have conquered Attalus, was a treacherous attack upon Attalus who was waiting, in accordance with an arrangement made by Roman envoys Hortensius and Arunculeius, to meet Prusias on his frontier, accompanied by only one thousand cavalry. The Roman envoys even had to fly for their lives. Appian, _Mithridates_, 3.
[210] Hultsch places an extract from Aulus Gellius (6, 14, 8) relating to the mission of the three philosophers as ch. 2 of this book. The substance is given in the note on p. 466. It is more in place there, as Polybius expressly said that he would give the whole story together (32, 25).
[211] This war appears to have arisen from a treacherous attack of the Cretans upon the island of Siphnos. _Exc. de Virt. et Vit._ p. 588.
[212] See 32, 27, note.
[213] Ligurian tribes between Nice and Marseilles. Pliny, _N. H._ 3, § 47.
[214] Surnamed Philometor. He succeeded his uncle Attalus Philadelphus in B.C. 138, and at his death in B.C. 133 left his dominions to Rome.
[215] Alexander Balas was an impostor of low origin set up by Heracleides as a son of Antiochus Epiphanes. He entered Syria in B.C. 152, defeated and killed Demetrius in B.C. 150, and was himself defeated in B.C. 146 by Ptolemy Philometor (who also fell) in favour of a son of Demetrius, and was shortly afterwards murdered. Livy, _Ep._ 52. Appian, _Syr._ 67; Joseph. _Antiq._ 13, 2, 4.
[216] _Odyss._ 12, 95.
[217] _Odyss._ 12, 105.
[218] _Odyss._ 9, 82.
[219] Panchaia or Panchēa, the fabulous island or country in the Red Sea or Arabian gulf, in which Euhemerus asserted that he had discovered the inscriptions which proved the reputed gods to have been famous generals or kings. Plutarch, _Is. et Osir._ 23, Diodor. fr. 6, 1. The Roman poets used the word as equivalent to “Arabian.” See Verg. _Georg._ 2, 139.
[220] That is “as great a liar as Antiphanes of Berga.” See below. Strabo classes Antiphanes with Pytheas and Euhemerus more than once (see 2, 3, 5). Hence came the verb βεργαΐζειν, “to tell travellers’ tales” (Steph. _Byz._). But there is considerable doubt as to the identification of the traveller Antiphanes, some confounding him with a comic poet of the same name, and others with the author of an essay περὶ ἑταιρῶν. Berga was in the valley of the Strymon.
[221] Strabo here protests against Dicaearchus being treated as a standard of geographical truth. For Pytheas see Appendix.
[222] Polybius proves his point by the demonstration of the proposition “The square of the hypotenuse of a right-angled-triangle is equal to the squares of the sides containing the right angle.”
[Illustration]
By applying this principle AD = 7745.9 ... and DC = 11019.9 ..., and the whole AC = 18765.8; whereas AB + BC (_i.e._ the coasting voyage) = 19200 stades (a difference of 434.2 stades, not 500). Add to this the 3000 from the Peloponnese to the Straits, the total coast voyage is 22,200 stades, as against Dicaearchus’s 10,000.
[223] Strabo quotes this reckoning of the distance from the Peloponnese to the head of the Adriatic to prove that Polybius, on his own showing, is wrong in admitting that this distance (8250 stades) is greater than that from the Peloponnese to the Pillars, which Dicaearchus said was 10,000 stades, and which Polybius showed to be 18,765 stades by the shortest route.
[224] To enable the reader to follow this list of prices, a short table is here sub-joined of Greek weights and money,—though he must be warned that values varied at different times and places,—with approximate values in English weights and money.
1 obol = 1/40 oz. = 1/8 shilling. 6 obols = 1 drachma = 3/20 oz. 9d. 100 drachmae = 1 mina = 15-1/2 oz. £3 : 18 : 6. 60 minae = 1 talent = 57 lbs. £235.
A medimnus = 11 gals. 4 pts. (dry measure). A metreta = 8 gals. 5 pts. (liquid measure).
[225] Which member of the Cornelian gens this was is unknown. He appears to have been at Marseilles in the 4th century B.C. inquiring as to centres of trade open to Rome in rivalry with Carthage.
[226] Varro (_Serv. ad Æn._ 10, 13) adds a fifth by the Graian Alps, _i.e._ Little St. Bernard.
[227] Strabo corrects this, saving that the distance is 3000 stades.
[228] The islands were called also _Vulcaniae_ and _Aeoliae_.
[229] Strabo reckons 8 stades to a mile, thus making the number of stades 4280. The exact calculation by Polybius’s reckoning is 4458-1/3 stades. The miles are Roman miles of 5000 feet; therefore, by Strabo’s calculation, the stade is 625 feet, by Polybius’s 600 feet.
[230] Strabo, however, supports the measurement of Artemidorus—6500, explaining that Polybius is taking some practical measurement of a voyage, not the shortest.
[231] Homer, _Odyss._ 4, 485.
[232] Probably in February, the month usually devoted by the Senate to _legationes_.
[233] Since B.C. 195 up to B.C. 154 the two divisions of Spain had been entrusted to Praetors.
[234] Livy, _Ep._ 48. _Provocatorem barbarum tribunus militum occidit._
[235] τῶν ἐκ συγκλήτου καὶ τῆς γερουσίας. The same distinction occurs in 10, 18, and seems to refer to the two bodies known as the Hundred and the Gerusia. See Bosworth Smith’s _Carthage and the Carthaginians_, p. 27.
[236] The envoys first report to the Gerusia. Appian, _Pun._ 91.
[237] Phameas was afterwards persuaded by Massanissa to join the Romans. Livy, _Ep._ 50.
[238] The incident referred to is narrated in Appian, _Punica_, 103. Scipio relieved this body of men, who were beleaguered on the top of a hill, by a rapid and bold movement of his cavalry.
[239] _Odyssey_, 20, 495. Cato had always been opposed to the Scipios, but Livy seems to attribute his former criticisms of the younger Africanus to his general habit of caustic disparagement (_vir promptioris ad vituperandum linguae_), and we know that his elder son had married a daughter of Paulus, sister to the younger Africanus.
[240] Livy, _Ep._ 49.
[241] He seems to have forgotten his namesake mentioned in 11, 15.
[242] For Callicrates, the author of the Romanising policy, see 26, 1-3. One of the statues raised to him by the Spartan exiles was at Olympia, the base of which has been discovered. See Hicks’s _Greek Inscriptions_, p. 330. To what the fragment refers is not clear, but evidently to something connected with the popular movement against Sparta, and a recurrence to the policy of Philopoemen as represented by Lycortas, which eventually brought down the vengeance of Rome.
[243] Prusias was killed at Pergamum by his son Nicomedes with the connivance of Attalus (Livy, _Ep._ 50).
[244] A considerable passage is here lost, with the exception of a few words, insufficient to ground a conjectural translation upon.
[245] Demetrius II., son of Antigonus Gonatas.
[246] Pseudophilippus, after cutting to pieces a Roman legion under the praetor Juventius, was conquered and captured by Q. Caecilius Metellus in B.C. 148 (Livy, _Ep._ 50; Eutrop. 4, 6).
[247] Massanissa, feeling himself to be dying, had asked Scipio to come to him. He left his sons strict injunctions to submit the arrangements of the succession and division of his kingdom to Scipio. Appian, _Punica_, 105; Livy, _Ep._ 50. Livy has adopted the statement of Polybius as to the age of Massanissa at his death; and Cicero (_de Sen._ § 34) has made Cato take the same reckoning, perhaps from Polybius also. But it does not agree with another statement of Livy himself, who (24, 49) speaks of him as being seventeen in B.C. 213, in which case he would be in his eighty-second year in B.C. 148. It is, however, proposed to read xxvii. for xvii. in this passage of Livy.
[248] Livy (_Ep._ 48) in speaking of this victory says that Massanissa was ninety-two, and ate and enjoyed his bread without anything to flavour it (_sine pulpamine_).
[249] The task of subduing the country in B.C. 147 was entrusted to the proconsul Culpurnius Piso, while Scipio was engaged in completing the investment of Carthage. Appian, _Pun._ 113-126.
[250] After the capture of Megara, the suburban district of Carthage, by Scipio, Hasdrubal withdrew into the Byrsa, got made commander-in-chief, and bringing all Roman prisoners to the battlements, put them to death with the most ghastly tortures. Appian, _Pun._ 118.
[251] τὰ χώματα, that is, apparently, the mole of huge stones constructed by the Romans to block up the mouth of the harbour.
[252] μετὰ τῶν ἰδίων ἐνδυμάτων. The German translator Kraz gives up these words in despair. Kampe translated them _in ihrer gewöhnlicher Tracht_. Mr. Strachan-Davidson says, “προσειληφυῖα, etc., ‘folding them in her own robe with her hands,’” which seems straining the meaning of προσειληφυῖα. The French translator says, _deux enfans suspendus à ses vêtemens_.
[253] According to Livy (_Ep._ 51) she had tried to induce her husband to accept the offer described in 38, 2.
[254] Homer, _Il._ 6, 448.
[255] 4000 under Alcamenes, Pausan. 7, 15, 8.
[256] In the battle with Metellus at Scarphea.
[257] Pausanias on the contrary says that Pytheas was caught in Boeotia and condemned by Metellus (7, 15, 10).
[258] The pit is the place dug out (σκάμμα) and prepared in the gymnasium for leapers. To be in the pit is to be on the very ground of the struggle, without possibility of escaping it.
[259] See note on 30, 17.
[260] For this proverb see Plutarch, _Themist._ 29; _de Alex. Virt._ 5; _de Exil._ 7.
[261] Plutarch reports the same anecdote much more briefly in _Cato Maj._ 12, as do others. Professor Freeman (_History of Federal Government_, p. 142) seems to regard it as a serious indication that the Amphictyonic council had become a body exercising some literary authority, in default of any other. I think that Cato had no such meaning. He mentioned any body of men, however unlikely to exercise such an influence, which at any rate was Greek.
[262] Seems to mean “he lost before he began,” before he got even at the threshold of his enterprise. There is nothing to show to what the fragment refers.
[263] The base of a statue of Polybius has been discovered at Olympia with the inscription ἡ πόλις ἡ τῶν Ἡλείων Πολύβιον Δυκόρτα Μεγαλοπολείτην. But the statue mentioned in the text seems to be one set up by the Achaeans. For the statues of Polybius, see Introduction, pp. xxxi. xxxii.
[264] Thebae quoque et Chalcis, quae auxilio fuerant, dirutae. Ipse L. Mummius abstinentissimum virum egit; nec quidquam ex iis opibus ornamentisque, quae praedives Corinthus habuit, in domum ejus pervenit. Livy, _Ep._ 52.
[265] Ptolemy Philometor, king of Egypt, is called, by way of distinction, “King of Syria,” because that title was bestowed on him by the people of Antioch during his last expedition in Syria. This was undertaken in support of Alexander Balas, who repaid him by conniving at an attempt upon his life. Whereupon Ptolemy joined Demetrius, the son of Demetrius Soter, and supported his claim against Alexander Balas. Joseph. _Ant._ 13, 3; 1 Maccabees 11, 1-13.
[266] Dionysius Hal. (1, 74) quotes this statement of Polybius with the remark that it is founded on a single tablet in the custody of the Pontifices. Various calculations as to the date were:—
Eratosthenes } followed by} Apollodorus } Nepos } Olymp. 7, 1 B.C. 752. Dionysius } Lutatius } Q. Fabius Pictor Olymp. 8, 1 B.C. 748. Timaeus 38th year before Olymp. 1 B.C. 813. L. Cincius Alimantus Olymp. 12, 4 B.C. 729. M. Porcius Cato 432 years after the Trojan war. B.C. 752. Varro } Velleius Paterculus } Olymp. 6, 2 B.C. 755. Pomponius Atticus Olymp. 6, 3 B.C. 754.
But even granting a definite act of foundation (on which see Mommsen, _H. of R._ vol. i. p. 4), the Olympic register before 672 B.C. is a very uncertain foundation on which to build. See _Journal of Hellenic Studies_, vol. ii. p. 164 _sq._
[267] From Eusebius. It may be noted that this statement of Polybius is an earlier evidence than any other for the existence of an Olympian register prior to B.C. 600. Pausanias also dates the register from the year of Coroebus’s victory (5, 8, 6).
[268] I have translated this passage as it stands in the various editions of Polybius. But I feel convinced that none of it belongs to him except the first sentence. It comes from Athenaeus, 440 _E_.
[269] See Livy, i, 34. Dionys. Halic. 3, 46.
[270] Hesiod, _Works and Days_, 40, νήπιοι· οὐδὲ ἴσασιν ὅσῳ πλέον ἥμισυ παντός.
[271] Polybius is perhaps referring to the Acrocorinthus especially. But we must remember that many of the citadels in the third century B.C. were in the hands of Macedonian garrisons.
[272] This has been referred by some to the account of Scipio Aemilianus’s single combat with the Spaniard. See 35, 5.
[273] Perhaps L. Postumius, Livy, 23, 24 (Hultsch).
[274] B.C. 272. Plutarch, _Pyrrh._ 31-34.
[275] See Pausan. i. 9, 6. His disaster compelled him to give up his dominions beyond the Danube. Another and more successful war in Thrace seems referred to in Diod. Sic. 18, 14.
[276] Livy, however, records more than one success of Marcellus against Hannibal, see 23, 16, 46; 27, 14. Scipio’s victory of course is at Zama.
[277] From Zosimus, 5, 20, 7. See 1, 26.
[278] Some refer this to a circumstance narrated in Livy, 41, 2. But Hultsch points out that Livy is not using Polybius in that period.
[279] From _Constantine Prophyrogenneta de thematis, p. 18, ed. Bonnensis (Hultsch). He says that there are two Cappadocias, great and little. Great Cappadocia extending from Caesarea (Neo-Caesarea), and Mount Taurus to the Pontus, bounded on the south-west by the Halys and on the east by Melitene.
[280] See 6, 23. The excellence of Spanish steel has never perhaps been surpassed even to our day.
[281] See 35, 2-4.
[282] Plutarch, _Pelop._ 17, who says that other authorities reckoned it at 500 and 700 men. There were originally six morae in the Spartan army. See Xenophon, _Rep. Lac._ 11, 4; _Hell._ 6, 4, 12-17.
[283] See 6, 25.
[284] This is referred by Nissen to the account of the origin of the third Punic war. See 36, 3-5.
[285] This moderation in the number of slaves was perhaps imitated from Cato. See Cato, _Orationum frgm._ 3 Ed. Jordan.
INDEX
_The references are to Books and Chapters, except where the volume and page of this translation are indicated by vol. —p. —; Fr. indicates the minor fragments at the end of vol. ii._
ABBA, town in Africa, +14+, 6, 7
Abia, town in Messenia, +23+, 17
Abila, town in Palestine, +5+, 71; +16+, 39
Abilyx, a Spaniard, +3+, 98, 99
Abrupolis, a Thracian prince, +22+, 8
Abydus, town in Asia Minor, on the Hellespont, +4+, 44; +5+, 111; +16+, 29-35;
its situation and fall, +18+, 2, 44; +34+, 7
Academy, the, +12+, 26_c_; +16+, 27
Acarnania, +4+, 6, 30, 63, 65, 66; +5+, 3-5; +9+, 34; +28+, 4, 5; +30+, 13; +32+, 20; +39+, 14
Acarnanians, +2+, 6, 10, 45, 65, 66; +4+, 5, 9, 15, 25, 30, 63; +5+, 3-6, 13, 96; +9+, 32, 38-40; +10+, 41; +16+, 32; +21+, 29, 32; +24+, 12; +28+, 5
Acatides, a Theban runner, +39+, 7
Acerrae, a town of the Insubres, +2+, 34
Acesimbrotus of Rhodes, +18+, 1, 2
Achaeans, the, +1+, 3, passim;
appealed to by the Epirotes, +2+, 6, 9, 10, 12;
the rise of their league in the Peloponnese, +2+, 37-70;
assist Messenians against the Aetolians, and call in Philip V., +4+, 1-19, 22;
proclaim war with Aetolians, +4+, 25-27. _See also_ +36+, 59-85;
agree to furnish Philip with subvention, +5+, 1;
join Philip in his invasion of Laconia, +5+, 18-24;
harassed by Aetolians, +5+, 30, 35;
elect Aratus after the incapable Strategus Eperatus, +5+, 91-95;
make peace with the Aetolians, +5+, 101-105;
instructed in military exercises by Philopoemen, +10+, 23;
at war with Machanidas of Sparta, +11+, 11-18;
Philopoemen summons a levy at Tegea to invade Laconia, +16+, 36, 37;
incline to Philip’s part against Rome, +16+, 38;
send envoys to the congress at Nicaea, +18+, 1-8;
receive back Corinth by the advice of Flamininus, +18+, 45 fin.;
and Triphylia and Heraea, +18+, 47;
offer to help the Boeotians, who however abandon their alliance, +20+, 4, 5;
Megara leaves their league, +20+, 6;
make alliance with Eumenes, +21+, 9;
Roman legates at the congress at Cleitor, +22+, 2;
Eumenes offers 120 talents to the congress at Megalopolis, Seleucus 10 ships of war, +22+, 10-12;
difficulty as to the renewal of a treaty with Ptolemy, +22+, 12;
Q. Caecilius before the congress at Argos remonstrates on the subject of Sparta, +22+, 13;
their dealing with Messene after the murder of Philopoemen, +23+, 16-18;
send an embassy to Rome in regard to Messene, +24+, 1;
Ptolemy presents the league with 10 ships of war, +24+, 6;
the league officers condemn Chaeron of Sparta for the murder of Apollonides, +24+, 7;
debate in the assembly as to the orders from Rome about the Spartan exiles, +24+, 10-12;
attitude towards Rome, +24+, 13-15;
ordered to guard Chalcis for Rome, +27+, 2 fin.;
Gaius Popilius and Gnaeus Octavius address the congress, +28+, 3;
decide to take the side of Rome against Perseus openly, +28+, 12, 13;
two embassies at Alexandria, +28+, 19, 20;
the two Ptolemies ask their help against Antiochus, +29+, 23-25;
Romanising party in Achaia, +30+, 13;
embassy to Rome, +31+, 6, 8; +32+, 7, 17; +33+, 1, 3;
Cretans ask the Achaeans for help, +33+, 16;
Achaean detenus released, +35+, 6;
Thessalians ask for help against the pseudo-Philip, +37+, 2;
asked to send Polybius to Lilybaeum, +37+, 3;
dissolution of the league by the Romans, +38+, 3-11; +39+, 7-17;
Achaean assembly or congress,
_at Aegium_, +2+, 54; +4+, 7, 26, 82; +5+, 1; +16+, 27; +28+, 3;
_at Cleitor_, +22+, 2;
_at Corinth_, +29+, 23; +33+, 16; +38+, 10;
_at Megalopolis_, +23+, 10, 16;
_at Sicyon_, +5+, 1; +23+, 17; +28+, 13; +29+, 24;
election of magistrates, +4+, 37, 82; +5+, 1; +30+, 7;
soldiers, +29+, 24;
arms, +11+, 9;
cavalry, +10+, 23;
ships, +2+, 10
Achaeus, son of Xuthus, the mythical ancestor of the Achaeans, +39+, 14
Achaeus, son of Andromachus, nephew of Laodice, mother of Antiochus the Great, +4+, 2, 48-91, 51; +5+, 40-42, 57, 58, 61, 66, 67, 72, 78, 87, 107, 111; +7+, 17; +8+, 2;
his capture and death, +8+, 17-23
Achaia Phthiotis, +18+, 46; +47+, 7
Achelous, river, +4+, 63; +5+, 6-7, 13
Achradina, a part of Syracuse, +8+, 5, 6
Acilius Glabrio, M’., consul B.C. 191, +20+, 9, 10; +21+, 3-5
Acilus, Gaius, +33+, 2
Acrae, a town in Aetolia, +5+, 13
Acriae, a town in Laconia, +5+, 19
Acrocorinthus, the citadel of Corinth, 1900 feet high, +2+, 43, 45, 50, 51, 52, 54; +4+, 8; +7+, 11; +18+, 45
Acrolissus, citadel of the Illyrican city of Lissus, +8+, 15, 16
Acte, the, east coast of Laconia, +5+, 91
## Actium, temple and town in Acarnania, on the narrowest point of the
Ambracian gulf, +4+, 63
Acusilochus, an Asiatic ruler, +25+, 2
Adaeus, governor of the town of Bubastus in Egypt, +15+, 27
Adaeus of Beroea, legate of Perseus to Genthius, +28+, 8
Adeiganes, a magistrate at Seleucus on the Tigris, +5+, 54
Adeimantus of Sparta, +4+, 22, 23
Adherbal, a Carthaginian general in the first Punic war, +1+, 44, 46, 49, 50, 52, 53
Admetus, put to death by Philip V., +23+, 10
Adriatic Sea, the, +1+, 2; +2+, 14, 16, 17, 26; +3+, 47, 61, 86-88, 110; +10+, 1; +24+, 3; +32+, 23; +34+, 6, 7
Adrumetum, a city in Africa, +15+, 5, 15
Adua or Addua, the river Adda, a tributary of the Po, +2+, 32; +34+, 10
Adys, a town in Africa, +1+, 30
Aeacidae, descendants of Aeacus (Peleus, Achilles, Telamon, Ajax), +5+, 2
Aecae, a town in Apulia, +3+, 88
Aegae, a town in Aeolis, +5+, 77; +33+, 13
Aegean Sea, +3+, 2; +16+, 34
Aegina, island, +9+, 42; +11+, 5; +22+, 11
Aegira, a town in Achaea, +2+, 41; +4+, 57, 58
Aegitna, a town of the Oxybii, a Ligurian tribe, +33+, 10, 11
Aegium, chief town of the Achaean league, +2+, 41, 55; +4+, 57; +5+, 30, 101, 102; +16+, 38;
meetings of the congress at, +2+, 54; +4+, 7, 26, 82; +5+, 1; +16+, 27, 28;
territory of, +5+, 94
Aegosagae, a tribe of Gauls invited into Asia by Attalus, +5+, 77, 78, 111
Aegospotami, the Goat’s river, on the Hellespont, +1+, 6; +12+, 25_k_
Aegusa, one of the Aegates (_Farignano_), +1+, 60
Aegusae (the Aegates), +1+, 44
Aegys, a town in Laconia, +2+, 54
Aemilia, wife of Scipio Africanus the elder, and sister of Aemilius Paullus, +32+, 12-14
Aemilius Lepidus, M., consul B.C. 232, +2+, 21, 22
Aemilius Lepidus, M., consul B.C. 187, +16+, 34; +22+, 3; +28+, 1; +32+, 21
Aemilius Papus, L., consul B.C. 225, +2+, 23, 26-31
Aemilius Paullus, M., consul B.C. 255, +1+, 36, 37
Aemilius Paullus, L., consul B.C. 219 and 215, +3+, 16, 18, 19, 106, 107, 116, 117; +4+, 37, 66; +5+, 108; +15+, 11
Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus, L., consul B.C. 182 and 168, +18+, 35; +29+, 1, 7, 10, 14, 15, 17, 20; +30+, 9, 10, 13, 16, 19; +31+, 3; +32+, 8, 11, 12, 14, 15, 21;
his wives, +32+, 8
Aemilius Regillus, L., praetor B.C. 190, +21+, 8, 10, 24
Aena, a temple at Ecbatana, +10+, 27
Aeneas Tacticus (middle of 4th cent. B.C.), +10+, 44
Aenianian Gulf (= Sinus Maliacus), so called from the Aenianes, +10+, 42
Aenus, a town in Thrace, mod. _Enos_, +5+, 34; +22+, 9, 15; +30+, 3
Aeolian Islands. _See_ Liparae
Aeolis, a district of Mysia between the rivers Carius and Hermus, +5+, 77; +21+, 13, 14
Aeolus, king of the Winds, +34+, 2, 11
Aerenosii, a Spanish tribe, +3+, 35
Aeschrion, a Romanising Acarnanian, +28+, 5
Aethaleia, name of the island of Lemnus, +34+, 11
Aethiopia, +3+, 38; +34+, 16
Aetna, Mt., +1+, 55
Aetolians, the, +1+, 3, etc.;
attack Medion, +2+, 2-4;
help the Epirotes against the Illyrians, +2+, 6-12;
engage in the Social war, +2+, 37;
make peace with the Achaeans, +2+, 44;
make alliance with Antigonus Doson, and Cleomenes of Sparta, +2+, 45-49;
refuse Antigonus passage, +2+, 52;
joined by Mantinea, +2+, 57, 58;
intrigue with Antiochus, +3+, 6, 7;
invade Messenia, +4+, 9-19, 22-27, 29-31, 34-37, 53-59, 61-67, 77-80, 84;
attacked by Philip V., +5+, 2-14;
attempt to invade Thessaly, +5+, 17;
evade peace with Philip, +5+, 29. _See also_ 30, 35, 63, 91, 92, 95, 96, 99, 100-103, 105, 107;
attend a conference at Sparta, +9+, 28-39;
attack Acarnania, +9+, 40;
in alliance with Rome against Philip, +10+, 25, 26, 41, 42;
receive a legation from Rhodes on the subject of peace, +11+, 4-7;
distress and revolutionary measures, +13+, 1, 2;
fresh offence with Philip, +15+, 23;
in alliance with Nabis, +16+, 13;
at the battle of Panium, +16+, 18;
addressed by Roman envoys in Naupactus, +16+, 27;
attend a conference at Nicaea, +18+, 1-10;
fight on the Roman side in Thessaly, +18+, 19;
their superiority in cavalry, +18+, 22;
discontented with their share of spoil after Cynoscephalae, +18+, 27, 34, 38, 39;
claim Heraea, +18+, 42;
discontented with the Roman settlement of B.C. 196, +18+, 45;
claim Pharsalus, +18+, 47;
addressed by Roman legates, +18+, 48;
once in league with Achaeans against Boeotia, +20+, 4;
submit unconditionally to Rome after the battle of Thermopylae, +20+, 9-11;
the Roman terms with, +21+, 3-4;
six months’ truce allowed them in which to appeal to the Senate, +21+, 5, 8;
the Romans proclaim war with them, +21+, 25-32;
sell Aegina to Attalus, +22+, 11;
Gaius Popilius and Gnaeus Octavius order them to give hostages, +28+, 4;
their violence and habits of pillage, +30+, 11;
improvement after the death of Lyciscus, +32+, 19;
their principle of “spoil from spoil,” +18+, 4;
their character and habits, +2+, 3, 4, 45, 46, 49; +4+, 67; +9+, 38; +18+, 4, 34;
their officers, +21+, 32
Agathagetus of Rhodes, +27+, 7; +28+, 2
Agatharchus, a Syracusan sent as ambassador to Carthage, +7+, 4
Agatharchus, son of Agathocles, king of Syracuse, +7+, 2
Agathinus of Corinth, +5+, 95
Agathoclea, daughter of Aristomenes, +15+, 39
Agathoclea, mistress of Ptolemy Philopator, +14+, 11; +15+, 25, 31-33
Agathocles, king of Syracuse, +1+, 7, 82; +8+, 12; +9+, 23; +12+, 15; +15+, 35
Agathocles, son of Oenanthe and guardian of Ptolemy Epiphanes, +5+, 63; +14+, 11; +15+, 25-36
Agathyrna, a city on the north coast of Sicily, +9+, 27
Agelaus of Naupactus, +4+, 16; +5+, 3, 103-105, 107
_Agema_, or guard, in the Macedonian army, +5+, 25;
in the army of Ptolemy Philopator, +5+, 65, 84;
in the army of Antiochus Epiphanes, +31+, 3
Agepolis of Rhodes, +28+, 16, 17; +29+, 10, 19; +30+, 4
Agesarchus of Megalopolis, father of Ptolemy, governor of Cyprus, +15+, 25; +18+, 55
Agesias, an Achaean, +30+, 13
Agesilaus II., king of Sparta, +3+, 6; +9+, 8, 23 (B.C. 398-361)
Agesilaus, son of Eudamidas, +4+, 53
Agesilochus of Rhodes, +27+, 3; +28+, 2, 16; +29+, 10
Agesipolis, son of Cleombrotus II., king of Sparta, +4+, 35
Agesipolis III., king of Sparta, son of the last, +4+, 35; +23+, 6 (B.C. 221)
Agesipolis of Dyme, +5+, 17
Agetas, Aetolian Strategus, +5+, 91, 96
Agones, a tribe of Cisalpine Gauls, +2+, 15
Agrai, a tribe in Aetolia, +18+, 5
Agrianes, a Thracian tribe, +2+, 65; +5+, 79; +10+, 42
Agrigentum, in Sicily, +1+, 17-20, 27, 43; +2+, 7; +9+, 27; +12+, 25
Agrigentus, a river, +9+, 27; mod. _Fiume di S. Biagio_, which joins the Hypsas (mod. _Drago_)
Agrii, +25+, 4
Agrinium, a city of Aetolia, near the Achelous, +5+, 7
Agron, king of the Illyrians, +2+, 2, 4
Alabanda, city in Caria, +5+, 79; +16+, 24; +30+, 5
Alba, in Latium, +2+, 18; +37+, 2
Alcaeus of Messene, +32+, 6
Alcamenes of Sparta, +4+, 22
Alcamenes of Achaea, friend of Diaeus, +39+, 10
Alcetas, Boeotian Strategus, +22+, 4
Alcibiades, son of Clinias of Athens, +4+, 44
Alcibiades, a Spartan exile, +22+, 1, 15; +23+, 4
Alcithus of Aegium, +28+, 12, 19
Aletas, discoverer of the silver mines in Spain, +10+, 10
Alexamenus, an Aetolian Strategus, +18+, 43
Alexander the Great, +2+, 41, 71; +3+, 6, 59; +4+, 23; +5+, 10, 55; +8+, 12; +9+, 28, 34; +10+, 27; +12+, 12_b_, 17, 18, 19, 22; +18+, 3; +22+, 8; +29+, 21; +38+, 4
Alexander, son of Acmetus, officer of Antigonus Doson, +2+, 66
Alexander, commander of cavalry to Antigonus Doson and a minister of Philip V., +2+, 66, 68; +4+, 87; +5+, 28; +7+, 12
Alexander of Aetolia, friend of Dorimachus, +4+, 57, 58
Alexander, father of Antigonus, the legate from Perseus to Boeotia, +27+, 5
Alexander, ambassador to Rome from Attalus, +18+, 10
Alexander Balas, +33+, 15; +18+, 6
Alexander, king of Epirus, +2+, 45; +9+, 34
Alexander Isius, an Aetolian, +13+, 1; +18+, 3, 4, 10, 36; +21+, 25, 26
Alexander, brother of Molo, commander of Persis under Antiochus the Great, +5+, 40, 41, 43, 54
Alexander, tyrant of Pherae in Thessaly, +8+, 1; +39+, 2
Alexander, made governor of Phocis by Philip V., +5+, 96
Alexander of Trichonium, +5+, 13
Alexander, tower of, in Thessaly, +18+, 27
Alexandria, capital town of Egypt, +2+, 69; +4+, 51; +5+, 35, 37, 40, 63, 66, 67, 79, 86, 87; +7+, 2; +12+, 25_d_; +13+, 2; +14+, 11; +15+, 25, 26, 30; +16+, 10, 22; +22+, 7, 12; +27+, 19; +28+, 1, 17, 20, 22, 23; +29+, 2, 24, 27; +30+, 9; +31+, 5, 12, 26-28; +34+, 4, 14; +39+, 18;
obols of Alexandria, +34+, 8
Alexandria Troas, +5+, 78, 111; +21+, 13, 14
Alexis, captain of Apamea, +5+, 50
Alexo, an Achaean, +1+, 43
Alipheira, a city of Arcadia, +4+, 77, 78
Allaria, a city of Crete, +5+, 63, 65
Allobroges, +3+, 49-51
Alpheus, river in the Peloponnese, +4+, 77, 78; +12+, 4_d_; +16+, 17
Alps, +2+, 14, 15, 16, 18, 21, 22, 28, 32, 34, 35; +3+, 34, 39, 47, 48, 50-56, 60-62, 64, 65; +34+, 10, 15
Altars, the. _See_ Philaenus
Althaea, a town in Spain, +3+, 18
Amaeocritus, Boeotian Strategus, +20+, 4
Amanides Pylae, pass between Cilicia and Syria, N.N.E. of Issus, +12+, 17
Ambracian Gulf, the, +4+, 63, 66; +5+, 5, 18
Ambracus, or Ambracia, +4+, 61, 63; +18+, 10; +21+, 26-30 Sometimes Ambracia means the territory, +4+, 61
Ambrysus, a city of Phocis, +4+, 25
Ammonius Barcaeus, an officer of Ptolemy Philopator, +5+, 65
Amphaxitis, a maritime district of Macedonia on the left bank of the Axius, +5+, 97
Amphiaraus, fr. xliii.
Amphictyonic league, +4+, 25; +39+, 12
Amphidamus, Strategus of Elis, +4+, 75, 84, 86
Amphilochians, an Aetolian tribe, +18+, 5; +21+, 25
Amphipolis, a city of Macedonia, +29+, 6
Amphissa, a city of Locris, +21+, 4
Amyce, plain of, near Antioch, +5+, 59
Amyclae, a town in Laconia, +5+, 18-20, 23
Amynander, king of the Athamanes, +4+, 16; +16+, 27; +18+, 1, 10, 36, 47; +20+, 10; +21+, 25, 29
Amyntas, father of Philip II., +2+, 48; +22+, 8
Amyrus, plain of, in Thessaly, +5+, 99
_Anacleteria_ of Ptolemy Epiphanes, +18+, 55;
of Philometor, +28+, 12
_Anadendritis_, a vine, +34+, 11
Anamares, or Ananes, or Andres, or Anares, a Cisalpine Gallic tribe, +2+, 17, 32, 34
Anas, a river in Spain (_Guadiana_), +34+, 9, 15
Anaxidamus, an Achaean officer of Philopoemen, +11+, 18
Anaxidamus, an Achaean ambassador to Rome, +31+, 6; +33+, 3
Ancus Marcius, king of Rome, fr. v.
Ancyra, a city of Galatia, +21+, 39
Anda, a city in Libya, +14+, 6
Andania, a city in Messenia, +5+, 92
Andobales (or Indibilis), king of the Ilergetes, +3+, 76; +9+, 11; +10+, 18, 35, 37, 40; +11+, 26, 29, 31, 33; +21+, 11
Andosini, a Spanish tribe, +3+, 35
Andranodorus of Syracuse, +7+, 2, 5
Andreas, physician of Philopator, +5+, 81
Androlochus of Elis, +5+, 94
Andromachus, father of Achaeus, +4+, 51; +8+, 22
Andromachus of Aspendus, an officer of Ptolemy Philopator, +5+, 64, 65, 83, 85, 87
Andromachus, ambassador from Philopator to Rome, +33+, 8
Andronicus, ambassador of Attalus, +32+, 28
Andronidas, a Romanising Achaean, +29+, 25; +30+, 23; +39+, 10, 11
Androsthenes of Cyzicus, +11+, 34
Aneroestes, king of the Gaesatae, +2+, 22, 26, 31
Aniaracae, a tribe in Media, +5+, 44
Anicius Gallus, L., praetor B.C. 168, +30+, 14; +32+, 20; +33+, 9
Anio, river in Latium, +9+, 5, 7
Antalces of Gortyn in Crete, +22+, 19
Antalcidas, +1+, 6; +4+, 27; +6+, 49
Antanor of Elis, +5+, 94
Antenor, ambassador of Perseus to Rhodes, +27+, 4, 14
Anticyra, in Locris, +9+, 39; in Phocis, +18+, 45; +27+, 16
Antigoneia, a city of Epirus, +2+, 5, 6
_Antigoneia_, games at Sicyon in honour of Antigonus Doson, +28+, 19; +30+, 23
Antigonus the One-eyed, successor of Alexander the Great in Syria, B.C. 323-301, +1+, 63; +5+, 67; +10+, 27; +18+, 3; +28+, 20
Antigonus Gonatas, king of Macedonia, son of Demetrius Poliorcetes, B.C. 283-239, +3+, 41, 43-45; +9+, 29, 31, 32, 34, 38; +18+, 6; +20+, 6
Antigonus Doson, grandson of Demetrius Poliorcetes, guardian of Philip V., and really king of Macedonia, B.C. 229-220, +2+, 45, 47-70; +3+, 16; +4+, 1, 3, 6, 9, 16, 22, 34, 69, 76, 82, 87; +5+, 9, 16, 24, 34, 35, 63, 89, 93; +7+, 11; +9+, 29, 36; +20+, 5
Antigonus, son of Alexander, an ambassador from Perseus to Boeotia, +27+, 5
Antilibanus, a mountain in Coele-Syria, the eastern range of Lebanon, +5+, 45, 59
Antimachus, a friend of Perseus, +29+, 6
Antinous of Epirus, a friend of Perseus, +27+, 15; +30+, 7
Antioch in Mygdonia, +5+, 51
Antioch on the Orontes, capital of Syria, +5+, 43, 59, 60, 87; +31+, 17; +32+, 4
Antiochis, sister of Antiochus the Great, +8+, 25
Antiochus I., Soter, king of Syria B.C. 280-261, +31+, 7
Antiochus II., Theos, king of Syria B.C. 261-246
Antiochus Hierax, son of Antiochus II., ob. B.C. 227, +5+, 74
Antiochus III., the Great, king of Syria B.C. 223-187, +1+, 3; +2+, 71; +3+, 2, 3, 6, 7, 11, 12, 32; +4+, 2, 37, 48, 51; +5+, 1, 29, 31, 34, 40-71, 73, 79-87, 89, 105, 109; +7+, 15-18; +8+, 18-23, 25; +10+, 27-31, 49; +11+, 34; +13+, 9; +15+, 20, 25, 37; +16+, 18, 19, 22, 27, 39; +18+, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47-52; +20+, 1-3, 7-11; +21+, 2, 4, 6, 8-21, 24, 25, 33, 43-48; +22+, 4, 5; +23+, 14; +24+, 12, 15; +25+, 4; +28+, 1, 4, 20; +29+, 6; +39+, 14, 19;
his treaty with Rome, +21+, 45
Antiochus IV., Epiphanes, second son of Antiochus the Great, king of Syria B.C. 175-164, +3+, 3; +16+, 18, 19; +26+, 1; +27+, 7, 19; +28+, 1, 17-23; +29+, 2, 4, 24, 26, 27; +30+, 17; +31+, 3-6, 9, 11, 12, 21; +33+, 18
Antiochus V., Eupator, son of Epiphanes, king of Syria B.C. 164-162, +31+, 12, 19
Antiochus, another son of Antiochus the Great according to the historian Zeno, +16+, 18, 19
Antipater, guardian of Alexander the Great’s son Philip III., and practically king in Macedonia B.C. 323-319, +5+, 10; +9+, 29, 30; +12+, 13
Antipater, nephew of Antiochus the Great, +5+, 79, 82, 87; +16+, 18; +21+, 16, 17, 24
Antipatria, a town of the Illyrian Dassaretae, on the River Apsus, +5+, 108
Antiphanes of Berga, a proverbial liar (whence βεργαΐζειν), +34+, 6
Antiphatas, of Gortyn in Crete, +33+, 16
Antiphilus, an ambassador of Prusias, +32+, 28
Antipolis, a colony from Marseilles (_Antibes_), +33+, 7
Antisthenes of Rhodes, +16+, 14-15
Antium, in Latium, +3+, 22, 24
Antonius, M., Trib. Pl. B.C. 167, +30+, 4
Aous, a river in Illyria (_Viósa_), +5+, 110; +27+, 16
Apameia, a town in Syria (_Kulak-el-Mudik_), +5+, 45, 50, 56, 58, 59
Apameia, a town in Phrygia (_Denair_), +21+, 43-45, 48
Apasiacae, a Nomad tribe between the Oxus and the Asiatic Tanais, +10+, 48
Apaturius Gallus, assassin of Seleucus III., +4+, 48
Apéga, wife of Nabis, +13+, 7; +18+, 17
Apelaurum, a mountain in Arcadia, +4+, 69
Apelles, guardian and friend of Philip V., +4+, 76, 82, 84-87; +5+, 1;
he conspires against the king, +5+, 2, 4, 14, 16, 26-29
Apelles, another friend of Philip V., +22+, 18; +23+, 1
Apennines, the, +2+, 14, 16, 17, 24; +3+, 90, 110; +33+, 11
Aperantia, a district and city of Thessaly, +20+, 13; +21+, 25
Aphrodite of Eryx, +1+, 55; +2+, 7;
temple of, at Pergamum, +18+, 2, 6;
near Saguntum, +3+, 97
Aphther, a Libyan, +32+, 2
Apia, plain of, a city of Phrygia, +5+, 77
Apis, a harbour in Egypt, +31+, 26, 27
_Apocleti_, magistrates of the Aetolians, +4+, 5; +20+, 1; cp. +21+, 4
Apodoti, an Aetolian tribe, +18+, 5
Apollo of the Greeks and Carthaginians, +7+, 9;
temples of Apollo at Amyclae, +5+, 19;
at Delphi, +39+, 17;
at Thermus, +11+, 7;
near Temnus, +32+, 27;
statue of, at Sicyon, +18+, 16;
sacred land of, in Sicyonia, _ib._;
mound of, at Tarentum, +8+, 30
Apollodorus, governor of Susiana, +5+, 54
Apollodorus, tyrant of Cassandreia, +7+, 7
Apollodorus, secretary of Philip V., +18+, 1, 8
Apollodorus, Boeotian ambassador, +23+, 16
Apollonia, town in Illyria, +2+, 9, 11; +5+, 109, 110; +7+, 9; +34+, 12
Apollonia, a city of Assyria, +5+, 43, 44, 51, 52
Apollonia, a city of Crete, +28+, 14
Apollonias, wife of Attalus I., +22+, 20
Apollonidas of Sicyon, +22+, 11, 15, 16; +28+, 6
Apollonides of Sparta, +24+, 7
Apollonides of Clazomenae, +28+, 19
Apollonius of Clazomenae, +28+, 19
Apollonius, a friend of Seleucus IV., +31+, 21;
and his son Apollonius, +31+, 19, 21
Apollophanes of Seleucia, a physician, +5+, 56, 58
Apro, a river in Liguria (some would read Οὔαρος Varus the _Var_), +33+, 11
Aptera, a town in Crete, +4+, 55
Apuleius Saturninus, L., +32+, 28
Apustius, P., +32+, 1
Aquileia, on the Adriatic, +34+, 10, 11
Arabia, +5+, 71;
Arabians, +5+, 71, 79, 82, 85; +13+, 9
Arachosia, district in Asia, +11+, 34
Aradus, an island off the coast of Phoenicia (_Ruad_), +5+, 68
Aratthus, a river in Epirus, +21+, 26
Aratus of Sicyon, son of Clinias, his history, +1+, 3; +2+, 40; +4+, 2;
his policy and character, +2+, 40, 43-52, 56-60; +4+, 6-12, 14, 19, 24, 37, 67, 76, 82, 84-87; +5+, 1, 5, 7, 12, 15, 16, 23, 26-28, 30, 91-103; +7+, 11; his death, +8+, 14
_See also_ +9+, 17, 23; +10+, 22; +24+, 6; +34+, 14. Vol. i. p. 283, note.
Aratus, the younger, son of the last, +2+, 51; +4+, 37, 60, 67, 70, 72, 82; +5+, 1; +7+, 11; +24+, 6, 10
Araxus, promontory of Achaia, +4+, 59, 65
Arbo, a city in Illyria, +2+, 11
Arbucala, a city of the Vaccaei in Spain, +3+, 14
Arcades, a city in Crete, +4+, 53
Arcadia and the Arcadians, +2+, 38, 54, 56, 62; +4+, 17, 20, 21, 33, 70-77; +6+, 2; +12+, 4; +18+, 14; +39+, 7;
practice of music in, +4+, 20, 21
Arcas, the ancestor of the Arcadians, +4+, 77
Arcesilas of Pitane, academical philosopher, +10+, 22
Arcesilaus, ambassador of the Lacedaemonian exiles, +23+, 6
Arcesilaus of Megalopolis, +28+, 6; +29+, 25
Archedamus, an Aetolian, +18+, 21; +20+, 9; +28+, 4
Archedicus, a comedy writer, +12+, 13
Archias, governor of Cyprus, +33+, 5
Archicrates, an Achaean, +39+, 10
Archidamus V., king of Sparta, ob. B.C. 236-235, +4+, 35-37; +8+, 1
Archidamus, son of Pantaleon, an Aetolian, +4+, 57-58
Archimedes of Syracuse, +8+, 5, 7-9
Archippus, an Achaean, +39+, 11
Archon of Aegira, an Achaean Strategus in B.C. 189, 171, 169, +22+, 13, 14; +27+, 2; +28+, 3, 6, 7, 12; +29+, 23, 25
Ardaxanus, a river in Illyria, +8+, 15
Ardea, in Latium, +3+, 22, 24
Ardiaei, an Illyrian tribe, +2+, 11, 12
Ardyes, a Gallic tribe on the Rhone, +3+, 47
Ardys, an officer of Antiochus the Great, +5+, 53, 60
Ares, +7+, 9; +12+, +26+; plain of, in Thrace, +13+, 10
Arethusa, a spring in Sicily, +12+, 4
Areus of Sparta, +22+, 1, 15, 16; +23+, 4
Arevaci, a Celtiberian tribe, +35+, 2, 3
Arexidamus, a soldier of Machanidas, +11+, 18
Argennum, promontory in Ionia, +16+, 8
Argolis, +2+, 64; +4+, 36; +5+, 20, 95
Argos, Argives, +2+, 44, 52-54, 59, 64, 70; +4+, 36, 82, 87; +5+, 16-18, 20, 24, 91, 92, 101; +9+, 28, 34; +10+, 26, 41; +16+, 12, 16; +18+, 2, 6, 8, 14, 17; +21+, 24; +22+, 13; +23+, 9, 12, 13; +27+, 2; +30+, 10; +34+, 2; +39+, 8;
priestesses at, +12+, 11
Argos, Amphilochian, +21+, 30
Arianus, of Crete, +8+, 18-22
Ariarathes V., king of Cappadocia B.C. 220-163, +3+, 3; +4+, 2; +21+, 47; +24+, 1, 8, 9; +25+, 2; +31+, 12-14
Ariarathes VI., king of Cappadocia B.C. 163-130, +3+, 5; +31+, 14, 17; +32+, 3, 5, 22, 24; +32+, 25; +33+, 6, 12
Aribazus, commandant of Sardis, +7+, 17, 18; +8+, 23
Aricia, in Latium, +3+, 22
Aridices, a Rhodian ambassador, +4+, 52
Ariminum, on the coast of Umbria (_Rimini_), +2+, 21, 23; +3+, 61, 68, 75, 77, 86, 88
Ariobazus of Sardis, +8+, 23
Arisba, town in the Troad, +5+, 111
Aristaenetus of Dyme, +11+, 11
Aristaenus, Achaean Strategus B.C. 198, 195, 187, 185, +18+, 1, 7, 13; +22+, 10, 12, 13; +24+, 13-15
Aristarchus, a Phocaean ambassador, +21+, 6
Aristeides of Athens, +9+, 23; +32+, 8
Aristeides, an ambassador of Ptolemy Epiphanes, +28+, 20
Aristeides, a Theban painter (_flor. circ._ B.C. 350), +39+, 13
Aristocrates, king of Arcadia, +4+, 33
Aristocrates, of Rhodes, +33+, 4
_Aristocracy_, +6+, 3-8
Aristodamus, an Achaean ambassador, +30+, 13
Aristodemus, tyrant of Megalopolis, +10+, 22
Aristodemus, of Elis, fr. ii.
Aristogeiton, of Elis, +5+, 94
Aristomachus, tyrant of Argos, +2+, 44, 59
Aristomachus, of Corinth, +7+, 5
Aristomenes, guardian of Ptolemy Epiphanes, +15+, 31; +18+, 53, 54
Aristomenes, king of Messenia, +4+, 33
Ariston, Aetolian Strategus B.C. 221, +4+, 5, 9, 17
Ariston of Megalopolis, +28+, 6; +29+, 25
Ariston of Rhodes, +28+, 16
Aristonicus, a eunuch in the Court of Ptolemy Epiphanes, +22+, 7, 22
Aristonicus, a boxer, +27+, 9
Aristophantus of Acarnania, +5+, 6
Aristotle, the philosopher, +12+, 5-8, 11, 23, 24
Aristotle of Argos, +2+, 53
Aristotle, Rhodian ambassador, +31+, 1
Arius, a river in Asia (_Heri Rud_), +10+, 49
Armenas, son of Nabis, +21+, 2
Armenia, +9+, 43; +25+, 2
_Armies_, necessary accomplishment for commanding, +4+, 12-20
Armosata, a city of Armenia, +8+, 25
Arpani, people of Arpi, in Apulia, +3+, 88, 118
Arretium, a city of Etruria (_Arezzo_), +2+, 16, 19; +3+, 77, 80
Arsaces III., king of the Parthians, +10+, 28
Arsinoe, wife of Ptolemy Philadelphus, +15+, 25
Arsinoe, sister and wife of Ptolemy Philopator, +5+, 83, 84, 87; +15+, 25, 32, 33
Arsinoe, a city of Aetolia, +30+, 11
Artabazanes, an Asian prince, +5+, 55, 57
Artaxerxes II., Mnemon, king of Persia, +1+, 6; +12+, 25_f_, B.C. 405-362
Artaxias, a prince in Armenia, +25+, 2; +31+, 17
Artemidorus of Syracuse, +1+, 8
Artemis, temples of, near Lusi, +4+, 18, 19, 25; +9+, 34;
at Abydos, +16+, 31;
near Pergamum, +32+, 27;
near Elyma, +31+, 11;
worship of, at Syracuse, +8+, 37;
image of, at Bargylia, +16+, 12
Artemisium in Elis, +4+, 73
Arunculeius, Gaius, +33+, 1, 9
_As_, Roman coin, +2+, 15; +6+, 39
Asclepius (Aesculapius), temples of, at Agrigentum, +1+, 18;
at New Carthage, +10+, 10;
at Ambracia, +21+, 27;
at Pergamum, +32+, 27
Ascondas of Boeotia, +20+, 5
Asia, one of the three divisions of the world, +2+, 37; +3+, 37, 38, 59; +34+, 7
This side Taurus, = Asia Minor, +3+, 3; +4+, 2, 48; +21+, 14, 45; cp. +5+, 34, 90
Asine, a city in Laconia, +5+, 19
Asine, a city in Messenia, +18+, 42
Aspasiacae, a Nomad tribe in Asia, +10+, 48
Aspasianus, a Mede, +5+, 79
Aspasius of Elis, +5+, 94
Aspendus, in Pamphylia, +5+, 73; +21+, 35
Aspis, a city in Africa (Clupea), +1+, 29, 34, 36
Ass’s Back (_Onei Montes_), +2+, 52
Assyrians, +12+, 28; +39+, 6
Astapa, a city in Spain, +11+, 24
Asti, a Thracian tribe, +13+, 10
Astias (Artemis), +16+, 12
Astymedes, of Rhodes, +27+, 7; +30+, 4, 5, 22; +31+, 6, 7; +33+, 15
Atabyrium, mountain and town in Galilee, +5+, 70
Athamanes, a tribe in Epirus, +4+, 16; +16+, 27; +18+, 36; +20+, 10; +21+, 25, 31; +22+, 9; +23+, 1
Athenè, temples of, at Rhodes, +31+, 15;
at Agrigentum, +9+, 27;
at Sparta (of the Brazen-house), +4+, 22, 35;
at Itone, +4+, 25; +25+, 3;
among the Insubres, +2+, 32;
statue of, at Alipheira, +4+, 78;
games of, +4+, 49
Athens, +5+, 27; +12+, 13, 25, 26; +16+, 25, 27; +38+, 4, 11;
Olympieium at, +26+, 1
Athenians, the, their triremes, +1+, 63;
assessment of, +2+, 62;
capture of Chrysopolis, +4+, 44;
conquered by Philip II., +5+, 10;
their adulation of Ptolemy IV., +5+, 10;
relieve Mantinea, +9+, 8;
their colonies in Thrace, +9+, 28;
suffer under Antipater, +9+, 29;
hostility to Sparta, +12+, 6;
at Aegospotami, +12+, 25_k_;
their reception of king Attalus, +16+, 25, 26;
attacked by Philip V., +16+, 34;
intercede for the Aetolians, +21+, 4, 25, 29-31;
beaten at Chaeroneia, +22+, 6;
addressed by Roman Senate, +24+, 12;
send ambassadors to Alexandria, +28+, 19, 20;
petition the Senate for Delos and Lemnos, +30+, 21; +32+, 17;
their quarrel with Oropus, +32+, 25;
their resistance to Xerxes, +38+, 4;
their republican constitution, +6+, 43, 44, cp. +9+, 23;
their list of Archons, +12+, 11
Athenaeum, a fortress near Megalopolis, +2+, 46, 54; +4+, 37, 60, 81
Athenaeum, a promontory of Campania (_Promontorium Minervae_, _Punta della Campanella_), +34+, 11
Athenaeus, son of Attalus I., +23+, 1; +31+, 9; +32+, 28; +33+, 1, 13
Athenagoras, a mercenary officer of Philip V., +18+, 22
Athinis, an Egyptian prince, +22+, 7
Athyrnus. _See_ Vulturnus
Atilius, Aulus, +27+, 2
Atilius Calatinus, A., consul B.C. 258, 254, +1+, 24, 38
Atilius Regulus, M., consul B.C. 267, 256, +1+, 26, 28-31, 33-35
Atilius Regulus, C., consul B.C. 257, 250, +1+, 25, 39, 41-48
Atilius Regulus, M., consul B.C. 227, 217, +3+, 106, 114, 116
Atilius Regulus, Gaius, consul B.C. 225, +2+, 23, 27, 28
Atilius Serranus, Gaius, praetor B.C. 218, +3+, 40
Atintanes, a tribe in Epirus, +2+, 5, 11; +7+, 9
Atis, a Boian chief, +2+, 21
Atlantic Ocean, the, +3+, 37, 57, 59; +16+, 29
Atreus, son of Pelops, +34+, 2
Atropatei, a tribe in Asia, +5+, 44
Attalus I., king of Pergamum B.C. 241-197, +3+, 3; +4+, 48, 49, 65; +5+, 77, 78, 105, 107, 111; +9+, 30; +10+, 41, 42; +11+, 7; +16+, 1-9, 24-28, 30, 34, 40; +18+, 1, 2, 6, 8, 10, 16, 17, 41; +21+, 20, 48; +22+, 11, 20; +32+, 22;
the Athenians name a tribe Attalica after him, +16+, 25
Attalus II., succeeds his brother Eumenes II. B.C. 159-138, +3+, 5; +21+, 39, 43; +22+, 20; +23+, 11; +24+, 5, 8; +27+, 18; +28+, 7, 12; +29+, 6; +30+, 1-3; +31+, 9; +32+, 3, 5, 22, 27, 28; +33+, 1, 6, 9, 12; +37+, 6
Attalus III., son of Eumenes II., succeeded his uncle B.C. 138-133, +30+, 2; +33+, 18
Attica, valuation of, +2+, 72; +5+, 29;
excellence of its silver, +21+, 32, 45
Attis, priest of Cybele, +21+, 37
Aufidus, river, in Apulia (_Ofanto_), +3+, 110; +4+, 1
Aurelius Orestes, L., consul B.C. 157, +31+, 12; +38+, 7, 8
Ausones, in Italy, +34+, 11
Autaritus, a leader of Gallic mercenaries, +1+, 77-80, 85, 86
Autolychus, of Rhodes, +16+, 5
Autonous, a Thessalian, +7+, 5
Azanis, a district in Arcadia containing 17 towns (_St. Byz._), +4+, 70
Azorium, a town of Perrhaebia in Thessaly, +28+, 13
BABYLON, +5+, 48, 51, 52; +9+, 43
Babyrtas, a Messenian, +4+, 4
Bactra, capital of Bactriana, +29+, 12
Bactriana, +10+, 48, 49; +11+, 34
Baebius, L., praetor B.C. 189, +15+, 1, 4
Baebius Tamphilus, M., consul B.C. 181, +22+, 9
Baecula, a town in Spain, +10+, 38; +11+, 20;
battle of, +10+, 39
Baetis, river in Spain (Guadalquivir), +34+, 9
Balacer, father of Pantauchus, +27+, 8
Balacer, son of Pantauchus, +29+, 4
Balearic slingers, +1+, 67; +3+, 33, 72, 83, 113; +15+, 11
_Ballistae_, +9+, 41
Bantia, town in Illyria, +5+, 108
Barathra, in Egypt, +5+, 80
Barca, a city in Cyrene, +5+, 65
Barcas. _See_ Hamilcar
Bardylis, an Illyrian prince, +39+, 2
Bargusii, a Spanish tribe, +3+, 35
Bargylia, a town in Caria, +16+, 12, 24; +18+, 2, 8, 44, 48, 50;
gulf of, +16+, 12
Barmocarus, a Carthaginian, +7+, 9
Barnus, in Macedonia, +34+, 12
Bastarnae, tribe on the Danube, +25+, 6
Batanaea, in Palestine, +16+, 39
Bato, fr. xliii.
Battacus, priest of Cybele, +21+, 37
_Beacons._ _See_ Signals
Belli, a Celtiberian tribe, +35+, 2
Belmina, in Arcadia, +2+, 54
Benacus, lake, +34+, 10
Beneventum, in Samnium, +3+, 90
Berenice, daughter of Ptolemy Philadelphus, wife of Antiochus II., +5+, 58; fr. xxvi.
Berenice, wife of Ptolemy Euergetes, +5+, 36; +15+, 25
Berga, in Macedonia, +34+, 5, 6
Beroea, in Macedonia, +27+, 8; +28+, 8
Berytus, in Phoenicia (_Beirút_), +5+, 61, 68
Bessi, a Thracian tribe, +23+, 8
Bionidas, of Sparta, +4+, 22
Bippus, an Argive, +23+, 18; +24+, 1, 2
Bithynians, +4+, 50, 52; +8+, 24; +37+, 7
Bito, of Argos, +22+, 20
Bodencus, Gallic name of the Po, +2+, 16
Boeae, town in Laconia, +5+, 19
Boei, an Illyrican tribe, +5+, 108
Boeotarch, +18+, 43
Boeotia, Boeotians, +2+, 49, 65; +4+, 9, 15, 25, 67; +9+, 38; +10+, 41; +11+, 5; +13+, 8; +18+, 11, 14, 43; +20+, 2; +21+, 20; +22+, 4; +23+, 16; +24+, 12; +27+, 1, 2, 5, 38; +32+, 20;
the decline of Boeotia, +20+, 4-7;
Panboeotian congress, +4+, 3; +9+, 34
Boii, Cisalpine Gauls, +2+, 17, 20-24, 28, 30, 31; +3+, 40, 56, 67
Bolax, a city of Triphylia in Elis, +4+, 77, 80
Bolis, of Crete, +8+, 17-22
Bomilcar, a Carthaginian suffes, +3+, 33, 42
Bomilcar, a Carthaginian admiral, +9+, 9
Boodes, of Carthage, +1+, 21
Bosporus, Cimmerian (_Straits of Yeni Kalè_), +4+, 39
Bosporus, Thracian (_Channel of Constantinople_), +4+, 39, 43
Bostarus, Carthaginian general, +1+, 30, 79
Bostor, Carthaginian general, +3+, 98, 99
Botrys, city of Phoenicia, +5+, 68
Botrys, a Messenian writer, +12+, 13
Bottia, in Macedonia, +5+, 97
Brachylles, a Boeotian, +18+, 1, 43; +20+, 5, 7; +22+, 4
_Brazen shields_, men with, Macedonians, +2+, 66, 67;
Megalopolitans, +2+, 65; +4+, 69;
in Syrian army, +31+, 3
Breasts, the, sandbanks at the mouth of Danube, +4+, 41
Brennus, leader of the Gallic invaders, +4+, 46; +9+, 30, 35
Britain, +3+, 57; +34+, 5, 10
Brochi, in Coele-Syria, +5+, 46, 61
Brundisium, in Calabria, +2+, 11; +10+, 1; +21+, 24; +29+, 6; +30+, 20; +32+, 20;
a Brundisian, +3+, 69
Bruttii, or Bruttium, +1+, 56; +9+, 7, 25, 27; +11+, 6; +13+, 10
Bubali, in Africa, +12+, 3
Bubastus, in Egypt, +15+, 27
Buchetus, in Epirus, +21+, 26
Bura, town in Achaia, +2+, 41
Bylazora, town in Paeonia, +5+, 97
Byttachus, a Macedonian, +5+, 79, 82
Byzachium, district in Africa, +3+, 23; +12+, 1
Byzantium and Byzantines, +3+, 2;
its site and war with Rhodians, +4+, 38, 39, 42-52; +5+, 63, 100
_See also_ +8+, 24; +11+, 4; +16+, 2; +18+, 2; +22+, 18; +34+, 12
CADI, a town in Maeonia, +33+, 12
Cadmea, the, citadel of Thebes, +4+, 27
Cadusii, a tribe in Asia, +5+, 44, 79
Caecilius Metellus Denter, L., consul B.C. 284, +2+, 19
Caecilius Metellus, L., consul B.C. 251, +1+, 39
Caecilius Metellus, Q., consul B.C. 206, +22+, 1, 6, 9, 13, 15, 16; +23+, 2, 4
Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus, Q., +38+, 10, 11; +39+, 7, 10, 11
Caesarea, in Cappadocia, fr. xx.
Calabrians, the, +10+, 1
Calamae, fort in Messenia, +5+, 92
Calamus, a town in Phoenicia, +5+, 68
Calchedon, on the Propontis (_Chalkedon_ or _Kadi-Kivi_), +4+, 39, 43, 44; +15+, 23
Calena, or Calela, a fort near Larinum, +3+, 101
Cales, in Campania (_Calvi_), +3+, 91
Calicoeni, an Illyrian tribe, +5+, 108
Calleas, of Thespiae, +27+, 1
Callias, a pancratiast of Athens, +28+, 19
Callicrates, of Leontium in Achaia, +24+, 10-12; +29+, 23-25; +30+, 13, 23; +31+, 8; +33+, 16; +37+, 5
Callicritus, a Boeotian, +22+, 4
Calligito, of Byzantium, +4+, 52
Callimachus, school of, +12+, 25_d_.
Calliope, a city of the Parthians, +10+, 31
Callipolis, a city of Aetolia, +20+, 13
Callippus, of Ambracia, +21+, 25, 26
Callisthenes, of Olynthus, historian, +4+, 33; +6+, 45; +12+, 11, 26
Callistratus, of Elis, +20+, 3
Callonitis, district in Mesopotamia, +5+, 54
Calpitus, a city in Galatia, +24+, 8
Calycadnus, promontory in Cilicia, +21+, 45
Calydonia, district of Aetolia, +4+, 65, 95
Calynda, a city of Caria, +31+, 15, 16
Camarina, a city in Sicily, +1+, 24, 37; +12+, 25_k_.
Cambylus, a Cretan, +8+, 17-20
Camerinum, a city in Umbria, +2+, 19
Cammani, a tribe in Asia, +31+, 9
Campania, +3+, 90, 91; +34+, 11;
the Campanian Mamertines, +1+, 7, 8
_See also_ +2+, 24; +3+, 118; +7+, 1; +24+, 15
Campus Martius, the, +12+, 4_b_
Camus, town in Palestine, +5+, 70
Candavia, mountain in Illyria, +34+, 12
Cannae, in Apulia, +3+, 107;
battle of, +3+, 113-117; +4+, 1; +5+, 105, 110, 111; +6+, 11, 58; +15+, 7, 11
Canobus, or Canopus, town in Egypt, +5+, 39
Canuleius, ambassador to Egypt, +31+, 18
Canusium, town in Apulia, +3+, 107
Caphyae, town in Arcadia, +2+, 52; +4+, 11, 12, 68, 70;
plain of, +4+, 11, 13
Capitolium, +1+, 6; +2+, 18, 31; +6+, 19
Cappadocians, +3+, 5; +4+, 2; +5+, 43; +21+, 43; +24+, 8; +31+, 13, 14, 17; +32+, 25;
Cappadocia, extent of, fr. xx.
Capros, river in Assyria, +5+, 51
Capua, +2+, 17; +3+, 90, 91; +9+, 3-5; +26+, 2; +34+, 11
Carchi, a tribe in Asia, +5+, 44
Cardaces, Asiatic mercenaries of Antiochus the Great, +5+, 79, 82
Caria, +3+, 2; +5+, 36, 41; +16+, 40; +21+, 24, 48; +22+, 5; +31+, 7, 15;
Carian war, +16+, 12;
freed from the Rhodians, +30+, 5;
as worthless as a Carian, +10+, 32
Carmania, district in Asia, +5+, 79, 82; +11+, 34
Carneades, Academic philosopher, vol. ii. p. 466
Carneium, in Laconia, sacred to Apollo, +5+, 19
Carpetani, a tribe in Spain, +3+, 14; +10+, 7
Carseae (or Caresus), a town in the Troad, +5+, 77
Carsignatus, a Gallic chief in Galatia, +24+, 8
Carthaea, a town in Ceos, +16+, 40
Carthage, its position, +1+, 73, 75;
its religion, +3+, 25; +7+, 9; +31+, 20;
its government, +1+, 3; +6+, 43, 47, 51, 56;
its magistrates, +3+, 33, 42, 51;
its senate, +1+, 21, 68; +6+, 51; +10+, 18; +36+, 4;
the Hundred, +36+, 4;
its dominion, +5+, 39; +9+, 11;
its navy, +6+, 52;
its cavalry, +3+, 110, 117;
its oppressive rule, +1+, 72
_See also_ +1+, 19; +6+, 52; +11+, 19; +14+, 1, 5; +15+, 4
Punic cunning, +3+, 78;
boys, +15+, 30
Carthage, New, in Spain, +2+, 13; +3+, 13-17, 33, 39, 76, 95; +5+, 1;
its situation, +10+, 10;
its capture, +10+, 11-16
_See also_ +10+, 6, 8; +11+, 31; +34+, 9; +39+, 19
Carthalo, a Carthaginian general, +1+, 53, 54
Caryneia, a city of Achaia, +2+, 41
Carystus, a city of Euboea, +18+, 47
Casius, a mountain on the borders of Egypt and Arabia Petraea (_El Katieh_), +5+, 80
Caspian, the. _See_ Hyrcanian Sea
Caspian pass, the, in Media, +5+, 44
Cassander, son of Antipater, successor of Alexander the Great in Macedonia and Greece B.C. 306-296, +2+, 41; +5+, 67; +9+, 29; +12+, 13
Cassander, of Aegina, +22+, 11
Cassander, of Corinth, +5+, 95
Cassander, minister of Philip V., +22+, 17, 18
Cassander, an ambassador from Phocaea, +21+, 6
Cassius Longinus, C., consul B.C. 171, +27+, 6
Castulo, a town in Spain (_Cazlona_), +10+, 38; +11+, 20
_Catapults_, +1+, 74; +11+, 11
Caucasus (_Hindoo Koosh_), +10+, 48; +11+, 34
Caulonia, a Greek city on the east coast of Bruttium, +2+, 39; +10+, 1
Caunus, a city in Caria, +30+, 5, 9, 22; +31+, 1, 7, 16
Cavarus, king of the Gauls in Thrace, +4+, 46, 52; +8+, 24
Celtiberians, in Spain, +3+, 5, 17; +11+, 31; +14+, 7, 8; +25+, 1; +34+, 1;
their horses and swords, fr. xxi., xxii.
Celtici, a tribe in Baetica, +34+, 9
Celts (Polybius seems to use the words Κελτοί and Γαλάται indifferently). _See_ Gauls
Cenchreae, the eastern port of Corinth, +2+, 59, 60; +4+, 19; +5+, 29, 101; +18+, 16
Cenomani, a tribe of Cisalpine Gauls, +2+, 17, 23, 24, 32
Censors, the, +6+, 13, 17
Centaurs, the, +8+, 11
Centenius, Gaius, propraetor B.C. 217, +3+, 86
_Centurions_, +6+, 24, 30, 36, 41
Ceos, island in the Aegean, +16+, 26, 40
Cephallenia, the largest island in the Ionian Sea (_Cephalonia_), +3+, 3; +4+, 6; +5+, 3-5, 109, 110; +21+, 26, 30, 32; +27+, 7
Cephalo, a servant of Aratus, +8+, 14
Cephalus, a Molossian, +27+, 15; +30+, 7, 8
Cephisodorus, ambassador from Athens, +18+, 10
Ceraeas, an officer of Ptolemy Philopator, +5+, 70, 71
Ceraunian Mountains, in Epirus, +34+, 6
Cerax, a town in Illyria, +5+, 108
Cercidas, of Megalopolis, +2+, 48, 50, 65
Cercidas, an Arcadian, +18+, 14
Cercina, an island off the lesser Syrtis (_Karkenah_), +3+, 96
Ceretae, a town in Crete, +4+, 53
Cersobleptes, king of the Thracians, +39+, 2
Cesbedium, a temple of Zeus in Pisidia, +5+, 76
_Cestros, the_, +27+, 11
Chaereas, an historian, +3+, 20
Chaeron, of Sparta, +23+, 4, 18; +24+, 7
Chaeroneia, in Boeotia, +5+, 10; +18+, 14; +22+, 6; +27+, 1
Chalceia, a town in Aetolia, +5+, 94
Chalcidian Mount, in Sicily, +1+, 11
Chalcis, in Euboea, +5+, 2, 26; +9+, 28; +10+, 42, 43; +18+, 11, 45; +20+, 3, 8; +27+, 2, 7; +38+, 5; +39+, 17
Chaldeans, the, +34+, 2
Chalesus, an Aetolian ambassador, +29+, 9
_Chalkeia, bronze works in Africa_, +12+, 1
Charadra, or -drus, a town in Epirus, +4+, 63; +21+, 26
Chares, an Athenian, +9+, 23
Charimortus, a friend of Scopas, +18+, 55
Charixenus, an Aetolian, +4+, 34
Charmion, of Crete, +22+, 19
Charops, of Epirus, father of Machatas, +20+, 3; +27+, 15
Charops, of Epirus, son of Machatas, +27+, 15; +30+, 12, 13; +31+, 8; +32+, 20, 21
Charybdis, +34+, 3
Chattenia, district in Arabia, +13+, 9
Chersonese, Tauric, +25+, 2
Chersonese, Thracian, +18+, 51; +21+, 15, 22, 48
Chesuphus, an Egyptian, +22+, 7
Chilon, of Sparta, +4+, 81
Chimarus, of Crete, +29+, 6
Chiomara, wife of Ortiago the Gaul, +21+, 38
Chiron’s villa, near Messene, +4+, 4
Chius,
island of, +5+, 24, 28, 100; +11+, 4; +16+, 5, 6, 8, 14, 40; +18+, 22; +21+, 48;
battle at, +16+, 2-14
Chlaeneas, an Aetolian ambassador, +9+, 31, 32, 37;
speech of, +9+, 28-31
Chremas, an Acarnanian, +28+, 5; +30+, 13; +32+, 20
Chryseis, wife of Antigonus Doson, +5+, 89
Chrysogonus, an officer of Philip V., +5+, 9, 17, 97; +7+, 12; +9+, 23
Chrysondyon, a city of the Illyrian Dassaretae, +5+, 108
Chrysopolis, on the Bosporus in Bithynia, +4+, 44
Cibyra, a town in Phrygia (_Horzoom_), +21+, 34; +30+, 5, 9
Cilicia, +5+, 59, 79, 82; +12+, 7, 17-20; +21+, 24; +31+, 3
Cilician Gates, the, +12+, 8, 17
Cineas, of Thessaly, +18+, 14
Cineas, a minister of Ptolemy Physcon, +28+, 19
Circeii, in Latium, +3+, 22, 24; +31+, 22, 23
Circus maximus, the, +30+, 14
Cirrha, in Phocis, harbour of Delphi, +5+, 27
Cirta, a town in Numidia, +37+, 10
Cissa, a town in Spain, +3+, 76
Cissii, a tribe in Susiana, +5+, 79, 82
_Citadels, dangers of_, fr. ix.
Cius, a town of Bithynia, +15+, 21, 23; +16+, 34; +18+, 3-5, 44
Clarium, a fort near Megalopolis, +4+, 6, 25
Clastidium, a town in Cisalpine Gaul (_Casteggio_), +2+, 34; +3+, 69
Claudius Caudex, App., consul B.C. 212, takes Messene and relieves the Mamertines, +1+, 11, 12, 16
Claudius Pulcher, App., consul B.C. 185, as Trib. Mil. B.C. 197 under Flamininus meets Philip V. at Nicaea, +18+, 8, 10;
sent as commissioner to Greece B.C. 185, +22+, 16-19; +23+, 4
Claudius Cento, App., legatus of the consul Q. Marcius in Achaia, +28+, 13;
sent to Prusias B.C. 154, +33+, 13 (this may be a different man)
Claudius Nero, C., consul B.C. 207, at the battle of the Metaurus, +11+, 1
Claudius Pulcher, C., consul B.C. 177, sent to Istria, +25+, 4; B.C. 167 sent as legatus to Greece, +30+, 13
Claudius Cento, C., sent to Prusias, +33+, 1
Claudius Marcellus, M., five times consul B.C. 222, 215 (suff.), 214, 210, 208, +2+, 34;
besieges Syracuse, +8+, 3-9, 37:
engaged against Hannibal in Bruttium, +10+, 32; fr. xii.
Claudius Marcellus, M., son of the last, consul B.C. 196, wounded, +10+, 32;
opposes treaty with Philip V., +18+, 42
Claudius Marcellus, M., three times consul B.C. 166, 155, 152;
engaged in the Celtiberian war, +35+, 2-4 (? fr. xxiii.)
Claudius Pulcher, P., consul B.C. 249, beaten in naval battle off Drepanum, +1+, 49-52
Claudius, Tib., a commissioner to Macedonia, +22+, 9
Claudius Pulcher, Tib., praetor B.C. 178, commissioner to Asia and the islands, +27+, 3
Clazomenae, Ionian city in Asia Minor, +21+, 48; +28+, 19
Cleagoras, of Rhodes, +31+, 15
Cleander, of Mantinea, tutor of Philopoemen, +10+, 22
Clearchus, of Elis, +5+, 94
Clearchus, tyrant of Heracleia, +39+, 2
Cleino, servant and mistress of Ptolemy Philadelphus, +14+, 11
Cleitor, a city of Arcadia, +2+, 55; +4+, 10, 11, 18, 19, 25, 70; +9+, 38; +22+, 2
Cleitomachus, an athlete, +27+, 9
Cleobis, of Argos, +22+, 20
Cleomachus, of Athens, +7+, 9
Cleombrotus I., king of Sparta B.C. 380-371, +9+, 23
Cleombrotus II., king of Sparta B.C. 243-240, +4+, 35
Cleombrotus, of Rhodes, +29+, 10
Cleomenes III., son of Leonidas II., king of Sparta B.C. 236-221,
alliance with the Aetolians, +2+, 45;
at war with the Achaeans and Antigonus, +2+, 46-70; +3+, 16, 32; +4+, 1, 7, 35;
resolute resistance to by the Achaeans, +4+, 76;
his residence at Alexandria and death, +5+, 34-39;
his destruction of Megalopolis, +5+, 93; +9+, 18;
his dealings with Archidamus, +8+, 1
_See also_ +1+, 13; +2+, 46, 56; +4+, 5, 6, 37, 60, 69, 81; +5+, 9, 24; +8+, 1; +9+, 23, 29; +15+, 25; +18+, 53; +20+, 5, 6; +39+, 19
Cleomenes, son of Cleombrotus II., +4+, 35
Cleomenes, of Thebes, +39+, 7
Cleon, of Athens, +9+, 23
Cleonae, a city on the road from Argos to Corinth, +2+, 52
Cleonaeus, a Rhodian admiral, +16+, 9
Cleonicus, of Naupactus, +5+, 95, 102; +9+, 37 (? the same)
Cleonymus, tyrant of Phlius, +2+, 44
Cleopatra, wife of Ptolemy Epiphanes, +28+, 20
Cleoptolemus, of Chalcis, +20+, 8
Cleostratus, Athenian ambassador, +28+, 19
Cleoxenus, author of a code of five signals, +10+, 45
Cletis, ambassador from Spartan exiles, +23+, 18
Clupea. _See_ Aspis
Clusium, town in Etruria, +2+, 25
Clusius, a river in Gallia Transpadana (_Chiese_), +2+, 32
Cnidus, a city of Doris in Asia Minor, +12+, 25_f_; +30+, 8; +31+, 16
Cnopias, of Allaria in Crete, an officer of Ptolemy Philopator, +5+, 63, 65
Cnossus, in Crete, +4+, 53-55; +22+, 19; +29+, 8; +31+, 1
Cocynthus, a promontory in Bruttium (_Punta di Stilo_), erroneously stated by Polybius to be the southernmost point in Italy, +2+, 14
Coele-Syria, Hollow Syria, properly denotes only the plain between Libanus and Antilibanus, but in Polybius includes all Palestine and Phoenicia to the frontier of Egypt. Antiochus the Great contends with Ptolemy Philopator for the possession of it, +5+, 40, 58-87, 105
_See also_ +1+, 3; +2+, 71; +3+, 1, 2; +4+, 2, 37; +5+, 1, 29, 31, 34, 42, 48, 49; +14+, 12; +16+, 18, 22; +27+, 19; +28+, 1, 17, 20
Coeranus, ambassador from Smyrna, +18+, 52
Colaeus, in Megalopolis, +2+, 55
Colchians, the, +4+, 39
Colichas, a Spanish chief, +11+, 20; +21+, 11
Colobatus (or Cobulatus), a river in Asia Minor, +21+, 35
Coloneia, in Cappadocia, fr. xx.
Colophon, a town of Ionia, +5+, 77; +21+, 48
Colossus of Rhodes, the, +5+, 88, 89;
another in honour of Rome, +31+, 15;
at Sicyon, +18+, 16
Comanus, minister of Ptolemy Physcon, +28+, 19; +31+, 28; +32+, 1
Comontorius, king of the Gauls near Byzantium, +4+, 45, 46
Compasium, in Arcadia, +22+, 3, 10
Concolitanus, king of the Gaesatae, +2+, 22, 31
Conii, a Spanish tribe, +10+, 7
Conope, a town in Aetolia, +4+, 64; +5+, 6, 7, 13
Consul, power of, +3+, 87; +6+, 12, 13, 15;
army of, +1+, 16; +2+, 24; +3+, 107; +6+, 19, 20, 26; +10+, 16;
two consular armies combined, +3+, 72, 110; +6+, 32; +10+, 16
Contoporia, road from Corinth to Cleonae, +16+, 16
Corbilo, a town in Gaul on the Loire (_Coiron_), +34+, 10
Corbrenae, a tribe in Asia, +5+, 44
Corcyra (_Corfu_), +2+, 9-12; +7+, 9; +21+, 32; +34+, 6, 7; +37+, 3
Corduba, in Spain (_Cordova_), +35+, 2
Corinth, +2+, 12, 43, 51, 52, 54; +4+, 6, 13, 19, 22, 24, 25, 66-69, 72; +5+, 2, 17, 18, 24, 26-29, 102; +12+, 26_b_; +16+, 16; +18+, 2, 6, 8, 11, 45-47; +23+, 9; +29+, 12, 23; +30+, 10; +33+, 16; +38+, 5, 10; +39+, 8, 10, 13, 14
Cornelius Cethegus, C., consul B.C. 197, sent to Gaul, +18+, 12
Cornelius Lentulus Caudinus, P., praetor B.C. 203, sent B.C. 196 as one of the ten commissioners to Macedonia, +18+, 48, 50
Cornelius Lentulus, Ser., praetor B.C. 169, placed in command of Chalcis (B.C. 171), +27+, 2
Cornelius Lentulus, P., brother of the last, legatus in Greece, +27+, 2;
to Attalus, +32+, 28; +33+, 1
Cornelius Lentulus, L., a commissioner for Greece and Asia, +31+, 23
Cornelius Lentulus, C., ambassador to Ptolemy Physcon, +32+, 1
Cornelius Merula, Cn., twice sent to Egypt to compose matters between the Ptolemies (B.C. 161, 154), +31+, 18, 26-28; +32+, 1; +33+, 8
(Cornelius) Scipio, in the middle of 4th cent. B.C. sent to Marseilles to inquire about trading ports in Britain, +34+, 10
Cornelius Scipio Asina, Cn., consul B.C. 260, 254, made prisoner at Lipara, +1+, 21, 22; +8+, 1;
takes Panormus, +1+, 38
Cornelius Scipio, P., the father of Africanus, consul B.C. 218, sent to Spain to oppose Hannibal, +3+, 40;
has to enroll a second army, _ib._;
arrives at the mouth of the Rhone, +3+, 41;
learning that Hannibal was on the Rhone, he starts in pursuit, +3+, 45;
finding himself outstripped, he goes to Italy and sends his brother to Spain, +3+, 49;
lands at Pisae and marches to the Po, +3+, 56, 61, 62;
wounded at the battle of the Ticinus, +3+, 164-168;
his life saved by his son, +10+, 3;
dissuades his colleague from giving the enemy battle, +3+, 70;
sent (B.C. 217) to join his brother in Spain, +3+, 97;
restores the Spanish hostages, +3+, 99;
commands the Socii navales, +8+, 3;
his fall referred to, +10+, 3, 7, 36
Cornelius Scipio Calvus, Cn., brother of the last, consul B.C. 222, +2+, 34;
sent as legatus by Publius to Spain, +3+, 49, 56;
lands at Emporium and conquers Hanno and Andobales at Cissa, +3+, 76;
winters at Tarraco, _ib._;
defeats Hasdrubal at the mouth of the Ebro, +3+, 95, 96;
joined by his brother, +3+, 97-99
_See also_ +8+, 3, 38; +10+, 7, 36
Cornelius Scipio Africanus (major), P., his first campaign in B.C. 218, +10+, 3;
his campaigns in Spain, +10+, 2-20, 34-40; +11+, 20-33;
in Africa, +14+, 1-10; +15+, 1-19;
his reception at Rome after the battle of Zama, +16+, 23;
in Greece as legatus of his brother, +21+, 4, 5, 8;
in the war with Antiochus, +21+, 11-17, 24, 25;
his position at Rome, +23+, 14
_See also_ +18+, 35; +29+, 14; +32+, 12, 13
Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus, L., brother of Africanus, consul B.C. 190, elected Aedile, +10+, 4;
commands in the war against Antiochus, +18+, 49-52; +21+, 4, 5, 8-13, 25, 30, 43;
returns to Italy and triumphs, +21+, 24;
his accounts of the booty in the Asiatic war demanded, +23+, 14
Cornelius Scipio, P., son of Africanus, +21+, 15; +32+, 12, 13
Corneliae, two daughters of Africanus, +32+, 13
Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus Africanus (minor), son of L. Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus, adopted by the son of Africanus major, consul B.C. 147, 134, his liberality, +18+, 35;
his friendship with Polybius and character, +32+, 9-16; +36+, 8;
volunteers for the Celtiberian war, +35+, 4, 5;
arranges the succession of Massanissa, +37+, 10;
besieges Carthage, +38+, 1, 2;
destroys Carthage, +39+, 3-6;
his simplicity of habits, fr. xxix.
Cornelius Scipio Nasica, son-in-law of Africanus, consul B.C. 162, 155, +29+, 14, 15; +32+, 13
Cornelius, Gnaeus, a commissioner in Greece B.C. 196, +18+, 48 (? Gn. Cornelius Lentulus, consul B.C. 201)
Coroebus (of Mygdon in Phrygia, Paus. 10, 27, 1), a synonym for a fool, +12+, 4_a_. _See_ Lucian, _Am._ § 53, Suidas, s. v., Βουταλίων.
Coroebus, of Elis, a stadium runner, fr. ii.
Coronea, in Boeotia, +20+, 7; +27+, 1, 5; +29+, 12
Corsica, +12+, 3, 4
Cortona, in Etruria, +3+, 82
Coruncanius, Gaius and Lucius, sent to Queen Teuta, +2+, 8
Coryphaeus, a mountain between Cilicia and Phoenicia, +5+, 59
Cos, island, +16+, 15; +30+, 7
_Cosmopolis_, a magistrate at Locri Epizephyrii, +12+, 16
_Cosmus_, a magistrate in Crete, +22+, 19
Cossaei, a hill tribe on the borders of Susiana, +5+, 44
Cossyrus, an island between Sicily and Africa (_Pantellaria_), +3+, 96
Cothon, of Byzantium, +4+, 52
Cotys, king of the Thracian Odrysae, +27+, 12; +30+, 18
Cow, the, a spot on the Asiatic side of the Thracian Bosporus, +4+, 43, 44
Cremona, a Roman colony in Gallia Cisalpina, +3+, 40
Creonium, a town of the Illyrian Dassaretae, +5+, 108
Creta, Island, character of the people, +4+, 53; +6+, 46, 47; +8+, 18, 21; +24+, 4;
its government, +6+, 43, 45-47; +22+, 19;
its pirates, +13+, 8;
the Cretans as mercenaries, +2+, 66; +3+, 75; +5+, 3, 7, 14, 36, 53, 65, 79, 82; +10+, 46; +13+, 6; +31+, 27; +33+, 16;
war with Rhodes, +33+, 4, 13, 15, 16;
to outwit a Cretan, +8+, 21
_See also_ +4+, 8, 20, 54, 55, 61, 67, 71, 80; +7+, 12, 14; +13+, 4, 5; +22+, 19; +28+, 15; +29+, 10; +31+, 26; +33+, 15, 16
Cretan sea, the, +5+, 19
Cretan wine, +6+, 2
Cretopolis, in Mylias, part of Pamphylia, +5+, 72
Crinon, a Macedonian, +5+, 15, 16
Critolaus, a follower of Agathocles of Alexandria, +15+, 26
Critolaus, Achaean Strategus B.C. 146, +38+, 8-11; +39+, 7, 8
Critolaus, a Peripatetic philosopher, goes on a mission to Rome, vol. ii. p. 466
Cronus, tumulus of, +10+, 10
Cropius (Nestor), +27+, 16
Croton, a city in Magna Graecia, +2+, 39; +7+, 1; +10+, 1
_Crow, the_, a machine for grappling ships, +1+, 22, 27, 28
_Crown, mural_, +6+, 39; +10+, 11; _civic_, +6+, 39
Ctesiphon, a city in the south of Assyria, +5+, 45
Cumae, a city in Campania, +1+, 56; +3+, 91
Curius Denatus, M., consul B.C. 290, 275, +2+, 19
Cyamosorus, a river in Sicily, +1+, 9
Cyaneae, islands at the mouth of the Thracian Bosporus, +34+, 12
Cybele, +21+, 37
Cyclades, the, +3+, 16; +4+, 16; +18+, 54
Cycliadas, an Achaean, +18+, 1, 34
Cyclops, the, +35+, 6
Cydas, of Gortyn in Crete, +22+, 19; +29+, 6, 7
Cydonia, town in Crete, +4+, 55; +22+, 19; +28+, 14, 15
Cyllene, seaport town of Elis, +4+, 9; +5+, 3
Cyme, a city in Aeolis, +5+, 77; +21+, 48; +33+, 13
Cynaetha, a town in Arcadia, +4+, 16-21, 25, 29; +9+, 17, 38
Cynneus. _See_ Apollo
Cynos, seaport of the Opuntian Locrians, +4+, 67
Cynoscephalae, hills in Thessaly, battle of, +18+, 20-27
Cyparissia, a town in Messenia, +5+, 92; +11+, 18
Cyphanta, seaport town of Laconia, +4+, 36
Cyprus, island of, +5+, 34, 59; +12+, 25_f_; +18+, 54, 55; +29+, 27; +31+, 18, 26, 27; +32+, 1; +33+, 5, 8; +34+, 15; +39+, 18
Cypsela, a Thracian town on the Hebrus (_Ipsala_), +34+, 12
Cyrene, a Dorian colony in Africa from the island of Thera, founded B.C. 631, and capital of Cyrenaica; freed by Ecdemus and Demophanes, +10+, 22;
subject to the Ptolemies, +15+, 25, 33; +31+, 18, 26-28; +32+, 1
Cyrmasa, a town in Pisidia, +21+, 36
Cyrrhestae, a tribe in Syria, +5+, 50, 57
Cyrtii, slingers of, a robber tribe of Media, +5+, 52
Cythera, island of, +4+, 6
Cyzicus, a town in Mysia on the Propontis (_Bal Kiz_), +4+, 44; +5+, 63; +16+, 31; +22+, 20; +25+, 2; +33+, 13
DAAE, a Scythian tribe, +5+, 79
Dalmatians, +12+, 5; +32+, 18, 23
Damasippus, a Macedonian, +31+, 26
Damippus, a Lacedaemonian, +7+, 5
Damis, an Athenian ambassador, +21+, 31
Damon, ambassador from Ptolemy Philometor, +28+, 1
Damon, a Rhodian ambassador, +29+, 18
Damocles, a spy in the service of Philip V., +13+, 5
Damocritus of Calydon, an Aetolian ambassador, +18+, 10; +21+, 31
Damocritus, an Achaean, +39+, 10
Damoteles, an Aetolian ambassador, +21+, 25, 26, 29
Damoxenus, of Aegium, an Achaean ambassador, +18+, 42
Damūras, a river in Phoenicia, +5+, 68
Danae, of Alexandria, mother-in-law of Tlepolemus, +15+, 27
Danaus, of Argos, +34+, 2
Daochus, of Thessaly, +18+, 14
Daorsi, a tribe in Illyria, +32+, 18
Daphne, near Antioch in Syria, sacred to Apollo and Artemis, +31+, 3
Dardani, an Illyrian tribe, +2+, 6; +4+, 66; +5+, 97; +25+, 6; +28+, 8
Darius, son of Hystaspes, +4+, 43; +5+, 43
Darius (Codomanus), +12+, 17-19, 22; +18+, 3
Dassaretae, an Illyrian tribe, +5+, 108
Daulium, a town in Phocis, +4+, 25
Daunia, part of Apulia, +3+, 88, 91; +5+, 108; +9+, 7
Decietae, a Ligurian tribe, +33+, 11
Decius, a Campanian, +1+, 7
_Decuriones_, +6+, 25
Deep Road, the, at Tarentum, +8+, 31, 35
Deianira, wife of Hercules, +39+, 13
Deigma, the mart at Rhodes, +5+, 88
Deinocrates, an officer of Attalus, +16+, 3
Deinocrates, of Messene, +23+, 5, 16
Deinon, of Alexandria, +15+, 26_a_
Deinon, of Rhodes, +27+, 7, 14; +28+, 2, 17; +29+, 11; +30+, 6-9
Delos, island of, +25+, 3; +26+, 1; +30+, 21; +32+, 17;
made a free port, +31+, 7
Delphi, +1+, 6; +2+, 20, 35; +4+, 46; +9+, 33, 35; +22+, 8; +25+, 3; +39+, 17
Delta, the, of the Nile, +3+, 49
Demaratus, of Corinth (+6+, 2), fr. vi.
Demaratus, an Athenian ambassador, +28+, 19, 20
Demeter, temple of, at Alexandria (Thesmophorium), +15+, 27, 29, 33
Demetrias, a city of Magnesia in Thessaly, +3+, 6, 7; +5+, 29, 99; +10+, 42; +18+, 1, 11, 45; +29+, 6
Demetrius I., Poliorcetes, king of Macedonia B.C. 294-283, +1+, 63; +2+, 41; +9+, 29, 34
Demetrius II., king of Macedonia B.C. 239-229, +1+, 3; +2+, 2, 44, 46, 60; +4+, 25, 63; +20+, 5; +37+, 9; +39+, 19
Demetrius, son of Philip V., brother of Perseus, +18+, 39; +21+, 2; +22+, 18; +23+, 1-3, 7
Demetrius I., Soter, king of Syria B.C. 162-150, +3+, 5; +31+, 12, 19-23; +32+, 4, 6, 7, 24; +33+, 5, 18, 19
Demetrius, of Pharos, +2+, 10, 11, 65, 66; +3+, 16, 18; +4+, 16, 19, 37, 66; +5+, 12, 101, 102, 105, 108; +7+, 9, 11, 13, 14; +9+, 23; +32+, 23
Demetrius, of Phalerum, +10+, 24; +12+, 13; +29+, 21; +36+, 2
Demetrius, son of Ariarathes VI. of Cappadocia, +33+, 12, 18
Demetrius, an Athenian, +22+, 3
Demetrius, son of Euthydemus, king of Bactria, +11+, 34
Demetrius, friend of Ptolemy Philometor, +30+, 9
_Demiurgi, the_, +23+, 5
Demochares, an historian, +12+, 13, 15, 23
Democleitus, inventor of a system of fire signals, +10+, 45
_Democracy_, +6+, 3, 4;
its origin, +6+, 9;
its degeneracy, +6+, 4, 10;
in Achaia, +2+, 38;
in Messene, +7+, 10
Democrates, a Macedonian admiral, +16+, 3
Demodocus, an Achaean, +5+, 95
Demophanes, of Megalopolis, +10+, 22
Demosthenes, the famous orator, +12+, 12_b_, 13; +18+, 14
Demosthenes, of Bithynia, an historian, +12+, 1
Demosthenes, secretary of Philip V., +18+, 1, 8, 34
Dentheleti, a Thracian tribe, +23+, 8
Diaeus, Achaean Strategus B.C. 151, 149, 147, +38+, 8; +39+, 7, 8, 10, 11, 15
Diatonium, a city in Crete, +22+, 19
Dicaearchus, of Trichonium, an Aetolian ambassador, +18+, 10; +20+, 10; +21+, 31
Dicaearchus, an officer of Philip V., +18+, 54
Dicaearchus, of Messene in Sicily, a Peripatetic philosopher, +34+, 5, 6
Dicĕas, a Boeotian ambassador, +27+, 1, 2
_Dictator, power of_, +3+, 87, 103
Didascolondas, of Crete, +16+, 37
Dimale, a city in Illyria, +3+, 18; +7+, 9
Diocles, of Dyme, +5+, 17
Diocles, governor of Parapotamia in Assyria, +5+, 69
Diocles, a Rhodian ambassador, +29+, 10
Diodorus, tutor of Demetrius Soter at Rome, +31+, 20, 21
Diogenes, Stoic Philosopher, vol. ii. p. 466
Diogenes, of Acarnania, +28+, 5
Diogenes, an officer of Antiochus the Great, +5+, 46, 48, 54; +10+, 29, 30
Diogenes, ambassador from Orophernes, +32+, 24
Diognetus, an officer of Antiochus the Great, +5+, 43, 59, 60, 62, 68-70
Diomedon, governor of Seleucia, +5+, 48
Diomedon, of Cos, +30+, 7
Dionysius, theatre of, at Alexandria, +15+, 30;
artists in theatre of, +16+, 21;
pipers in festival of, in Arcadia, +4+, 20;
picture of, by Aristeides, +13+, 2
Dionysius, tyrant of Syracuse B.C. 405-367, +1+, 6; +2+, 39; +12+, 4_a_, 10, 24; +15+, 35
Dionysius, son of the preceding, also tyrant of Syracuse B.C. 367-343, +12+, 4_a_
Dionysius, an officer of Antiochus the Great, +7+, 16-18
Dionysius, secretary of Antiochus Epiphanes, +31+, 3
Dionysius, a Thracian, +5+, 65
Dionysodorus, an officer of Attalus, +16+, 3, 6, 8; +18+, 1, 2
Dionysodorus, ambassador from the Ptolemies, +29+, 23
Diopeithes, of Rhodes, +28+, 7
Diophanes, of Megalopolis, +21+, 9; +22+, 13; +23+, 17; +29+, 23
Diophanes, an ambassador from Perseus, +27+, 7, 14
Dioryctus, the channel between Leucas and Acarnania, +5+, 5
Dioscurium, temple and hamlet of Phlios, +4+, 67, 68, 73
Dipylum, gate at Athens, +16+, 25
Dium, a town in Macedonia, +4+, 62; +5+, 9, 11; +9+, 35; +29+, 4
Dodona, in Epirus, +4+, 67 _note_; +5+, 9, 11; +9+, 35
Dog-star, the, +1+, 37; +2+, 16; +9+, 43
Doliche, a city in Perrhaebia, +28+, 13
Dolopes, the, in Thessaly, +18+, 47; +21+, 25, 31; +22+, 8
Domitius Ahenobarbus, Gnaeus, consul B.C. 192, +21+, 32; +30+, 13
Dorimachus, of Trichonium, Aetolian Strategus B.C. 219, +4+, 3-6, 9, 10, 14, 16, 17, 19, 57, 58, 67, 77; +5+, 1, 3, 5, 6, 11, 17, 61; +9+, 42; +13+, 1; +18+, 54
Dorymenes, an Aetolian, +5+, 61
Drangene, a district in Asia (_Sejestan_), +11+, 34
Drepana, a city in Sicily (_Trapani_), +1+, 41, 46, 49, 55, 56, 59, 61
Dromichaetes, king of the Odrysae, fr. xi.
Drymussa, one of the islands in front of Clazomenae, +21+, 48
Duilius, C., consul B.C. 260, +1+, 22, 23
Dunax, a mountain in Thrace, +34+, 10
Dura, a town in Phoenicia, +5+, 66
Dura, a town on the Euphrates in Mesopotamia, +5+, 48
Dura, a town on the Tigris in Assyria (_Dúr_), +5+, 52
Dyme, an Achaean town, +2+, 41, 51; +4+, 59, 60, 65, 83, 86; +5+, 3, 17, 30, 91, 95
ECBATANA, capital of Media, +10+, 27
Ecdemus, of Megalopolis, +10+, 22
Echecrates, of Thessaly, +5+, 63, 65, 82, 85
Echecrates, of Phlius, philosopher and historian, +12+, 10
Echedemus, Athenian ambassador, +21+, 4, 5
Echetla, a city in Sicily, +1+, 15
Echinus, a city in Thessaly, +9+, 41, 42; +18+, 3, 38
Ecnomus, a hill on the south coast of Sicily between Agrigentum and Gela (_Monte di Licata_), +1+, 25
Edecon, chief of the Edetani in Spain, +10+, 34, 35, 40
Edessa, a town in Macedonia originally the capital, on the via Egnatia, +5+, 97; +34+, 12
Edetani, a Spanish tribe, +10+, 34
Egnatia via, from Apollonia to the Hellespont, +34+, 12
Egypt, its peaceful and prosperous state, +2+, 37; +9+, 44;
the conspiracy of Antiochus the Great and Philip against, +3+, 2;
succession of Ptolemy Philopator, +4+, 2; +5+, 34;
its king in possession of Seleucia, +5+, 58;
the savagery of the Egyptians, +15+, 33;
revolt of the nobles, +22+, 7;
invasion of Antiochus Epiphanes, +3+, 3; +28+, 19, 20; +29+, 2, 27; +30+, 17; +31+, 4;
jealousy in Rome of, +31+, 18;
visit of Polybius to, +34+, 14;
invasion by Iphicrates, +39+, 2
_See also_ +5+, 69, 80, 82, 107; +14+, 12; +39+, 18
Idle character of the Egyptians, +39+, 18;
priests of, +34+, 2
Elaea, a city of Aeolis, +21+, 10; +32+, 27; fr. liv.
Elateia, a city of Phocis, +5+, 26; +18+, 43, 45; +27+, 18
Elaus, a fort in the territory of Calydon, +4+, 65
_Elephants_, used by the Carthaginians, +1+, 18, 19, 30, 32-34, 38, 39, 40, 41, 74, 78, 84, 85; +3+, 13, 42, 45, 46, 53, 55, 74, 79; +11+, 1; +12+, 2;
Roman terror of, +1+, 39;
African elephants afraid of Indian, +5+, 84
_See also_ +31+, 3
Elephas. _See_ Nicanor
Eleutherna, a town in Crete, +4+, 53, 55
Elis, the city, +4+, 84, 86; +20+, 3;
the country and people, +4+, 5, 9, 19, 36, 59, 68, 69-86, 91-95, 102; +5+, 2, 3, 5, 17, 30, 91, 92, 94, 95; +9+, 30; +16+, 13; +18+, 42; +20+, 3; +39+, 9;
its wealth and peacefulness, +4+, 73
Elisphasii, in the Peloponnese, +11+, 11
_Elks_, +34+, 10
Elleporus (_Helorus_, Diodor. Sic. 14, 104), a river in the territory of Caulon in South Italy, +1+, 6
Elpeius, a river in Macedonia, +29+, 4
Elymaei, a tribe living to the north of Mount Zagrus, +5+, 44; +31+, 11
Emathia, a region in Macedonia, +23+, 10
Emporia, a district in Africa near the Lesser Syrtis, +1+, 82; +3+, 23; +32+, 2
Emporium, a city in north Spain, +3+, 39, 76
Enchelanae, a tribe in Illyria, +5+, 108; fr. xliii.
Enipeus, a river in Thessaly, +5+, 99
Eordi, a Macedonian tribe, +18+, 23; +34+, 12
Epaenetus, a Boeotian ambassador, +23+, 16
Epaminondas, of Thebes, +4+, 32, 33; +6+, 43; +8+, 1; +9+, 8; +12+, 25_f_; +32+, 8
Eperatus, of Pharae, Achaean Strategus B.C. 218, +4+, 82; +5+, 1, 5, 30, 91
Epetium, a town of Illyria, +32+, 18
Ephesus, a city of Ionia, +5+, 35; +8+, 17; +12+, 26_c_; +18+, 41; +20+, 11; +21+, 11, 17, 25, 43, 44, 48; +33+, 18
_Ephors, the Spartan_, +4+, 22, 23, 34, 35, 81; +12+, 11; +23+, 11;
of the Messenian, +4+, 4, 31
Ephorus, of Cyme, an historian, +4+, 20; +5+, 33; +6+, 45; +9+, 4; +12+, 4_a_, 22, 23, 25_f_, 27, 28; +34+, 1
Epichares, a Rhodian, +30+, 9
Epicharmus, of Cos, +18+, 40; cp. vol. ii. p. 442
Epicydes, of Syracuse, +7+, 2; +8+, 5, 37
Epidamnus, a city of Illyria, +2+, 9-11; +34+, 7, 12
Epidaurus, in Argolis, +2+, 52; +30+, 10
Epigenes, a friend of Antiochus the Great, +5+, 41, 42, 49-51
Epipolae, a part of Syracuse, +8+, 37
Epirus, +2+, 5-8, 65; +4+, 5, 6, 9, 15, 16, 25, 30, 36, 57, 61, 63, 66, 67; +5+, 3-6; +9+, 38, 40; +10+, 41; +11+, 5; +16+, 27; +18+, 1, 3, 23; +20+, 3; +21+, 26; +22+, 18; +23+, 1; +24+, 12; +27+, 15, 16; +28+, 8, 13; +29+, 4; +30+, 12, 13, 16; +32+, 20, 21, 26
Epistratus, of Acarnania, +4+, 11
Epitalium, a town of Triphylia in Elis, +4+, 80
Eposognatus, a chief in Galatia, +21+, 37
Eratosthenes, of Cyrene, +34+, 2, 4, 5, 7, 13
Eretria, a town in Euboea, +18+, 45, 47
Eretria, a town of Phthiotis in Thessaly, +18+, 20
Eribianus, a mountain pass between Samnium and Campania, +3+, 92
Eridanus, a name of the Po, +2+, 16
Erymanthus, a river of Arcadia, +4+, 70, 71
Erymanthus, a river of Arachosia in Persia, +11+, 34
Erythrae, a city in Ionia, +16+, 6; +21+, 48
Eryx, a mountain and city in Sicily, +1+, 55-60, 66, 77; +2+, 7; +3+, 9
_See also_ Aphrodite
Etennians, a tribe in Pisidia, +5+, 73
Etesian winds, +4+, 44; +5+, 5
Etruria, +1+, 6; +2+, 16, 17, 19, 20, 23-27; +3+, 49, 56, 61, 75, 77, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 108; +5+, 101, 105; +12+, 4; +15+, 11; +34+, 11
Etruscan sea, the. _See_ Tyrrhenian sea
Euboea, island of, +2+, 52; +4+, 67; +10+, 41, 42; +11+, 5; +18+, 11, 46; +20+, 8;
Euboic talent, +1+, 62; +15+, 18; +21+, 17, 30, 32
Euboea, daughter of Cleoptolemus, wife of Antiochus the Great, +20+, 8
Eubulidas, of Chalcis, +21+, 17, 45
Eucampidas, of Arcadia, +18+, 14
Euclidas, brother of Cleomenes III., +2+, 65, 67, 68
Eudamidas, of Sparta, +4+, 35
Eudemus, of Rhodes, +21+, 10
Eudemus, an ambassador of Miletus, +28+, 19, 20
Eudoxus, a Greek historian, +34+, 1
Euemerus, of Messene, a writer on religion, +34+, 5, 6
Eulaeus, an Egyptian eunuch, +28+, 20, 21
Eumenes II., king of Pergamum B.C. 197-159, son of Attalus I., +3+, 3; +18+, 47; +21+, 8-11, 16-22, 24, 43-45, 48; +22+, 1, 8-11, 15, 17, 20; +23+, 1, 3, 9, 11; +24+, 1, 5, 8, 9; +25+, 2; +27+, 6, 7, 18; +28+, 7, 12, 15; +29+, 4, 6, 22; +30+, 1, 2, 20; +31+, 6, 9, 10, 25; +32+, 3, 5, 22; +33+, 18; +39+, 7
Eumenes, an Egyptian ambassador, +29+, 23
Euphanes, of Crete, +20+, 3
Euphrates, the, +5+, 51; +8+, 25; +9+, 43
Eupolemus, an Aetolian, +18+, 19; +28+, 4
Eureas, an Achaean ambassador, +31+, 6, 8
Euripidas, an Aetolian, +4+, 19, 59, 60, 68-72, 83; +5+, 94, 95
Euripides, quoted, +1+, 35; +5+, 106; +12+, 26; +31+, 21
Euripus, the, +5+, 29, 101, 109
Euromus, a city in Caria, +18+, 2, 44; +30+, 5
Europe, position and size of, +3+, 37; +34+, 5-7, 15
Europus, a city in Parapotamia, +5+, 48
Eurotas, river in Laconia, +5+, 21-23; +8+, 35; +9+, 8; +11+, 18; +16+, 16
Eurotas, another name of the Galaesus, (q.v.) +8+, 35
Eurycleidas, of Athens, +5+, 106
Euryleon, Achaean Strategus B.C. 210, +10+, 21
Eurylochus, a Cretan, +5+, 79
Eurylochus, a Magnesian, +5+, 63, 65
Eurymedon, of Athens, +12+, 25_k_
Euthydemus, of Magnesia, king of Bactria, +10+, 49; +11+, 34
Euxine, the, +3+, 2; +4+, 38-44, 46, 47, 50, 52, 56; +5+, 43, 44, 55; +10+, 27; +16+, 29; +24+, 3; +25+, 2; +27+, 7; +31+, 24; +34+, 7; +39+, 2
Evagoras, king of Salamis in Cyprus, +12+, 25_f_
Evagoras, of Aegium, +38+, 11
Evander, fr. iii.
Evanoridas, of Elis, +5+, 94
Evas, a hill in Laconia, +2+, 65, 66; +5+, 24
_Exile, voluntary_, +16+, 14
FABIUS MAXIMUS CUNCTATOR, Q., +3+, 87-94, 101, 103, 105, 106; +10+, 1
Fabius, L., +15+, 1
Fabius, Q., +18+, 10
Fabius Labeo, Q., praetor B.C. 189, +21+, 46
Fabius Maximus Aemilianus, Q., elder brother of the younger Africanus, son of Aemilius Paullus, consul B.C. 145, +18+, 35; +29+, 14; +32+, 9, 10, 14; +33+, 9; +36+, 5
Fabius Pictor, Q., annalist, +1+, 14, 15, 58; +3+, 8, 9
Faesulae, in Etruria, +2+, 25; +3+, 82
Fair Plain, the, in Armenia, +8+, 25
Fair Promontory, the, near Carthage, +3+, 22-24
Falernian district, the, in Campania, +3+, 90, 92, 94
Faliscans, the, +1+, 65
Fannius, Gaius, ambassador to Illyria, +32+, 18, 23;
to Prusias, +33+, 9;
to the Achaeans, +38+, 10
Flamininus. _See_ Quinctius
Flaminius, C., consul B.C. 223, +2+, 21;
conquers the Insubres, +2+, 32, 33;
consul II., B.C. 217, enrolls an army, +3+, 75, 77, 78;
encamped at Arretium, +3+, 80;
falls at the battle of Thrasymene, +3+, 82-84
_See also_ +3+, 86, 106; +15+, 11
Flaminius, commissioner in B.C. 153 to the Ligurians, +33+, 10
Fortune, mutability of, +29+, 21
Frentani, a people of Samnium, +2+, 24; +3+, 88
Fulvius Centumalus, Gn., consul B.C. 229; +2+, 11, 12
Fulvius Centumalus, Gn., consul B.C. 211, +9+, 6, 7
Fulvius Flaccus, Qu., consul B.C. 224, +2+, 31
Fulvius Flaccus, Qu., a legatus under Flamininus, +18+, 10
Fulvius Nobilior, Ser., consul B.C. 255, +1+, 36, 37
Fulvius Nobilior, M., consul B.C. 189, +21+, 25-31, 40; +22+, 13
Furius Pacilus, Gaius, consul B.C. 251, +1+, 39, 40
Furius Philus, P., consul B.C. 223, +2+, 31
GABINIUS, Aulus, legate to the Achaeans, +38+, 10, 11
Gadara, a town in Palestine, +5+, 71; +16+, 39
Gades, a town in Spain (_Cadiz_), +34+, 5, 7, 9, 15;
strait of, +34+, 15
Gaesatae, a tribe of Gauls in the valley of the Rhone, +2+, 22, 23, 28, 30, 34
Gaezoloris, a chief in Galatia, +24+, 8
Galadrae, a town in Macedonia, +23+, 18
Galaesus, a river of Calabria flowing into the Gulf of Tarentum, +8+, 35
Galatia, a district in Asia Minor occupied by Gauls (Γαλάται), +24+, 8, 9; +25+, 2; +31+, 6
Galatis, a district of Palestine, +5+, 71
Galatus, a chief of the Boii, +2+, 21
Galli, priests of Cybele, +21+, 6, 37
Garsyeris, an officer of Achaeus, +5+, 57, 72-76
Gatalus, a Sarmatian prince, +25+, 2
Gaul, +3+, 59; +7+, 9;
Cisalpine Gaul, +2+, 19, 21, 22, 24, 32; +3+, 40, 77, 87, 106, 118; +18+, 12;
plains of, +3+, 86
Gauls (or Celts, q.v.)
Take Rome under Brennus, +1+, 6; +2+, 18
Cisalpine Gauls, their country and their wars with Rome, +2+, 13-35
_See also_ +3+, 2, 16, 34, 41, 44, 54, 60, 66-75, 78, 79, 83-85, 118; +12+, 4; +18+, 11
_See_ Agones, Anares, Boii, Cenomani, Insubres, Lai, Lebecii, Ligures, Lingones, Senones, Veneti
Gauls of the Alps, +2+, 18, 21; +3+, 34 _See_ Allobroges, Taurini, Taurisci, Salassi
Transalpine Gauls, +2+, 15, 22; +3+, 37, 39-41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 50; +34+, 7, 10 _See_ Allobroges, Ardiges, Decietae, Ligures, Oxybii
Gauls invading Greece and conquered at Delphi, +1+, 6; +2+, 20, 35; +4+, 46; +9+, 34, 35;
settled near Macedonia, +18+, 37; +25+, 6; +29+, 9;
near Byzantium, +4+, 38, 45, 46, 52
_See_ Aegosagae
Gauls in Asia (Gallograeci), +6+, 5; +3+, 3; +5+, 111; +18+, 41; +21+, 33-39, 43, 48; +22+, 21; +25+, 2; +29+, 22; +30+, 1-3, 20; +31+, 2, 6, 9, 12, 13, 23; +32+, 3
_See_ Galatia, Tectosages, Tolistobogii, Trocmi
Gallic cavalry in the Roman army, +3+, 65-67;
character of the Gauls, +2+, 7, 19, 32, 33, 35; +3+, 70, 79;
their arms and mode of fighting, +2+, 33; +3+, 62;
the Gallic sword, +2+, 30, 33; +3+, 114
Gallic mercenaries in the service of Carthage, +1+, 43, 67, 77; +2+, 7; +3+, 72, 74, 79, 84, 85, 106, 113-115, 117; +11+, 1, 19; +15+, 11
In the service of Macedonia, +2+, 65; +3+, 2, 17
In the service of Ptolemy Philopator, +5+, 65, 82
Gaza, a city in Palestine, +5+, 68, 80, 86; +16+, 18, 22; +29+, 12
Gela, a town in Sicily, +12+, 25_k_
Gelias, an ambassador from Phocaea, +21+, 6
Gelo, tyrant of Gela and afterwards of Syracuse B.C. 485-478, +12+, 25_k_-26_b_
Gelo, son of Hiero II. of Syracuse, +5+, 88; +7+, 7, 8
Genesara, a lake in Palestine, +5+, 70
Genthius, son of Pleuratus, king of Illyria, +28+, 8; +29+, 3, 9, 11, 13; +30+, 14; +32+, 18
Gephrus, a city in Palestine, +5+, 70
Gerrha, a fort in Coele-Syria, +5+, 46, 61
Gertus, a city of the Dassaretae in Illyria, +5+, 108
Gerunium, a town in Apulia near Larinum, +3+, 100-102, 107, 108
Gerus, a town of the Dassaretae in Illyria, +5+, 108
Gesco, a Carthaginian general, +1+, 66, 68-70, 79-81
Gesco Strytanus, a Carthaginian ambassador, +36+, 3
Gillimas, a Carthaginian ambassador, +36+, 3
_Gladiators_, +32+, 14
Glaucias, ambassador of Perseus, +28+, 8
Glaucides, of Abydus, +16+, 33
Glaucus, of Acarnania, +28+, 5
Glympes, a fort on the frontiers of Argos and Laconia, +4+, 36; +5+, 20
Gonni, a town in Thessaly, +18+, 27
Gordium, a town in Phrygia, +21+, 37
Gorgus, of Messene, +5+, 5; +7+, 10
Gortyn, a city in Crete, +4+, 53, 55; +22+, 19; +28+, 15; +31+, 1
Gortyna, a town in Arcadia, +4+, 60
Gorza, a town in Africa, +1+, 74
Greeks, history of, +1+, 3; +2+, 37; +3+, 118; +4+, 1, 28; +5+, 31, 51, 105, 106, 111; +34+, 1; +39+, 1;
their fickleness, +6+, 56;
amenability to bribes, +18+, 34;
decreased numbers, +37+, 9;
military customs, +6+, 25, 42; +18+, 18
_See also_ 35, 6; +39+, 12
Greeks in Thrace, +9+, 28;
in Asia, +21+, 43;
in Italy, +1+, 6; +2+, 39; +10+, 1
Greek mercenaries, +1+, 32, 48; +5+, 79, 82; +22+, 7;
half-bred Greeks (μιξέλληνες), +1+, 67
Gulussa, a son of Massanissa, +34+, 16; +38+, 1, 2
Gyridas, of Sparta, +4+, 35
Gyrton, a town in Thessaly, +18+, 22
Gythium, the seaport town of Sparta, +2+, 69; +5+, 19
HADRIANA, district of Hadria, a town in Picenum, +3+, 88
Haemus, a mountain in Thrace (_Balkan_), +24+, 3; +34+, 10
Haliartus, a town in Boeotia, +27+, 1, 5; +29+, 12; +30+, 21
Halys, a river in Asia Minor (_Kisil Irmak_), +21+, 39; +24+, 8
Hamilcar, the elder, general in the first Punic war, +1+, 24, 27, 28, 30, 44
Hamilcar Barcas, son of Hannibal, in the first Punic war, +1+, 13, 56-58, 60, 62, 64, 66;
in the mercenary war, +1+, 75-88;
in Spain, +2+, 1; +3+, 9-14
_See also_ +11+, 2
Hamilcar, a Carthaginian admiral in the second Punic war, +3+, 95; +8+, 3
Hamilcar, a legate in the third Punic war, +36+, 3
Hamilcar Phaneas, a Carthaginian officer in the third Punic war, +36+, 8
Hannibal, commandant of Agrigentum in the first Punic war, +1+, 18, 19, 21, 23, 24, 43
Hannibal, son of the last, +1+, 43
Hannibal, son of Hamilcar the elder, +1+, 44, 46, 82, 86
Hannibal Rhodius, +1+, 46, 47
Hannibal, son of Hamilcar Barcas, +1+, 64, 65; +2+, 1, 14, 24, 36; +3+, 6, 8, 9;
his oath, +3+, 11, 12;
succeeds Hasdrubal, +3+, 13;
his expeditions in Spain, +3+, 14-16;
takes Saguntum, +3+, 17;
his surrender demanded by Rome, +3+, 20;
winters (B.C. 219-218) at New Carthage, +3+, 33, 34;
starts for Italy, +3+, 35;
crosses the Pyrenees, +3+, 40;
crosses the Rhone, +3+, 42-47;
the Alps, +3+, 48-56;
in Gallia Cisalpina, +3+, 60-75;
in Etruria, +3+, 79-85;
in Umbria, Picenum, and the south, +3+, 86-90;
invades Campania, +3+, 90-94;
in Bruttium, +3+, 100-118
_See also_ +4+, 1, 2, 28, 37, 66; +5+, 1, 29, 101, 108, 110; +6+, 58; +7+, 1, 2, 4, 9
Takes Tarentum, +8+, 26-36;
at Capua and in the neighbourhood of Rome, +9+, 3-9;
his character, +9+, 21-26; +10+, 32, 33; +23+, 13;
confined to Bruttium, +11+, 6;
his 16 years in Italy, +11+, 19;
recalled to Africa, +14+, 6, 9; +15+, 1-16;
his interview with Scipio, +15+, 5-8;
persuades the Carthaginians to accept Scipio’s terms, +15+, 19;
at the court of Antiochus, +21+, 17, 45
_See also_ +11+, 2, 3; +13+, 4; +16+, 23, 28, 37; +34+, 10; +39+, 19;
his death, +23+, 13
Hannibal, sent by the great Hannibal to Hieronymus, +7+, 2
Hannibal Monomachus, +9+, 24
Hanno, Carthaginian commander at Agrigentum and Ecnomus, +1+, 18, 27, 28;
conquered by Lutatius, +1+, 60, 61
Hanno, crucified by the mercenaries in Sardinia, +1+, 79
Hanno (Magnus), commander in the mercenary war, +1+, 67, 72-74, 81, 82, 87, 88
Hanno, left by Hannibal in command of Northern Spain, +3+, 35, 76
Hanno, son of Bomilcar, an officer under Hannibal, +3+, 42, 114
_Harmosts, Spartan_, +4+, 27
Harpyia, a town in Illyria, fr. xliii.
Hasdrubal, son of Hanno, +1+, 30, 38, 40
Hasdrubal, son-in-law of Hamilcar Barcas, +1+, 13; +2+, 1, 13, 22, 36; +3+, 8, 12, 13, 15, 21, 27, 29; +10+, 10
Hasdrubal, brother of Hannibal, +3+, 33, 56, 76, 95, 96, 98; +9+, 22; +10+, 7, 37-40
Hasdrubal, an officer of Hannibal’s army, +3+, 66, 102, 114, 116
Hasdrubal, head of Hannibal’s commissariat, +3+, 93
Hasdrubal, son of Gesco, +9+, 11, 22; +10+, 7, 35, 38; +11+, 20-24; +14+, 1-6, 8
Hasdrubal, a naval commander at Utica, +15+, 2
Hasdrubal, a Carthaginian officer in the third Punic war, +38+, 1; +39+, 4
_Hastati_, +6+, 21, 23, 29, 33; +15+, 9
Hearths, the, on the Thracian Bosporus, +4+, 43
Hebrus, a river in Thrace (_Maritza_), +34+, 12
Hecatodorus, of Byzantium, +4+, 47
Hecatodorus, an artist, +4+, 78
Hecatombaeum, a place in the territory of Dyme, +2+, 51
Hecatompylus, a city in Parthia, +10+, 28, 29
Hecatompylus, a city in Africa, +1+, 73
Hegesianax, ambassador from Antiochus the Great, +18+, 47; +50+, 3
Hegesias, of Rhodes, +28+, 16
Hegias, an ambassador from Phocaea, +21+, 6
Heleia, a district in Laconia, +5+, 19, 20
Helice, a town in Achaia, +2+, 41
Helicranum, a fort in Epirus, +2+, 6
Heliotropium, a place near Thebes in Phthiotis, +5+, 99
Hellespont, the, +4+, 44, 46, 50; +5+, 34, 78, 111; +16+, 29; +18+, 41, 54; +21+, 8, 13, 15, 17, 48; +27+, 7; +33+, 12, 13
Helmantica, a city of the Vaccaei in Spain, +3+, 14
Helvius, Gaius, legatus of Manlius Vulso B.C. 189, +21+, 34
Hephaestia, a city in Lemnus, +18+, 48
Hephaestus, tumulus of, near Carthage, +10+, 10;
island of, +34+, 11
Heracleia, a city in Thessaly, +10+, 42; +20+, 9, 11
Heracleia Lyncestis, a town in upper Macedonia, +34+, 12
Heracleium. _See_ Heracleia Lyncestis, +28+, 11, 13, 17
Heracleidae, the, +2+, 41; +4+, 34, 35; +12+, 12_a_
Heracleides, an ambassador of Antiochus Epiphanes, +28+, 1, 22; +33+, 15, 18
Heracleides, of Byzantium, +21+, 13-15
Heracleides, of Gyrton, +18+, 22
Heracleides, of Tarentum, +13+, 4; +16+, 15
Heracles, +4+, 35, 59; +6+, 2; +7+, 9; +12+, 26; +29+, 17;
picture of, +39+, 13;
Temple of, at Gades, +34+, 9
Heracles, columns of, +2+, 1; +3+, 37, 39, 57; +10+, 7, 40; +16+, 29; +34+, 4, 6, 7, 9
Heraclitus, of Ephesus, +4+, 40; +12+, 27
Heraea, a city in Arcadia, +2+, 54; +4+, 77, 78, 80; +18+, 42, 47
Herbesus, a town in Sicily, +1+, 18
Herete, a mountain between Mt. Eryx and Panormus (_Monte Pellegrino_), +1+, 56
Here, +7+, 9;
temple and priests of, at Argos, +9+, 43; +12+, 11;
at Lacinium, +34+, 11
Hermaeum, on the Thracian Bosporus, +4+, 43
Hermaeum, a promontory near Carthage, +1+, 29, 36
Hermeias, a Carian, +5+, 41, 45, 49-56
Hermes, +34+, 5
Hermione, a city in Argolis, +2+, 42, 52
Hermippus, of Lysimachia, +30+, 14
Hermocrates, of Syracuse, +12+, 25_k_, 26
Hermogenes, an officer of Antiochus the Great, +5+, 60
_Heroes_, +4+, 20
Herophilus, followers of, +12+, 25_d_
Herophon, an ambassador from Perseus, +29+, 4, 6
Hesiod, the poet, +5+, 2, 32; fr. vi.
Hexapyla, a gate at Syracuse, +8+, 5, 37
Hicesias, vol ii. p. 288, _note_
Hicesius, of Miletus, +28+, 19
Hiero II., king of Syracuse B.C. 272-216, +1+, 8, 9, 11-18, 62, 83; +2+, 1; +3+, 2, 75; +5+, 88; +7+, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8
_Hieromnemon_, at Byzantium, +4+, 52
Hieron, a fort on the Thracian Bosporus, +4+, 39, 43, 50, 52
Hieronymus, son of Gelo II., king of Syracuse B.C. 216-215, +7+, 2-7; +8+, 5
Hieronymus, of Arcadia, +18+, 14
Himeras, a river in Sicily, +7+, 4, 5
Himerean Thermae, in Sicily, +1+, 24
Himilco, commandant of Lilybaeum, +1+, 42, 43, 45
Hippana, a city in Sicily near Panormus, +1+, 24
Hipparchus, an ambassador from Ilium, +22+, 5
Hippias, strategus of the Boeotians, +22+, 4; +27+, 1, 2, 6; +28+, 9, 10; +29+, 3
Hippitas, a friend of Cleomenes III., +5+, 37
Hippo Regius, in Numidia, +12+, 1
Hippo Zarytos (Diarrhytus), a town in Libya, +1+, 70, 73, 77, 82, 88
Hippocrates, of Cos, +30+, 7
Hippocrates, of Syracuse, +7+, 2, 4, 5; +8+, 5; +9+, 22
_Hippodrome_, near Seleucia, +5+, 59; near Sardis, +7+, 17
Hippolochus, of Aetolia, +27+, 15
Hippolochus, of Thessaly, +5+, 70, 71, 79
Hippomedon, a Spartan, +4+, 35
Hipposthenes, of Syracuse, +7+, 4
Hirpini, a people of Central Italy, +3+, 91
_History_, value of, +1+, 1, 35; +2+, 35; +3+, 31; +5+, 75;
truth the eye of, +1+, 14; +12+, 7;
connected with geography, +3+, 36;
and natural science, +3+, 57;
compared with tragedy, +2+, 56; +15+, 36
Hollows, the, near Naupactus, +5+, 103
Holy Isle, one of the Aegates, +1+, 60, 61 (_Maritima_);
an Aeolian island sacred to Hephaestus, +34+, 11
Holy Town, in Lydia, +16+, 1; +32+, 27
Homarium, the, at Megalopolis, +5+, 93 _See_ Zeus
Homer, +9+, 16; +12+, 24, 26, 27; +30+, 10; +34+, 2-4; +39+, 5;
quoted, +3+, 94; +5+, 38; +12+, 9, 26, 27; +15+, 12, 16; +18+, 29; +34+, 2-4; +36+, 8; +39+, 6
Hoplites, a river in Laconia, +16+, 16
Horatius Pulvillus, M., consul (suff.) B.C. 509, +3+, 22
Horatius Cocles, P., +6+, 55
Horii, a state in Crete, +4+, 53
Horn, the, gulf at Byzantium, +4+, 43
_Horse, sacrifice of_, +12+, 4_b_
Hortensius, L., +33+, 1, 9
Hostilius Mancinus, A., consul B.C. 170, +27+, 16; +28+, 3
Hostilius Mancinus, A., commissioner in Asia, +37+, 6
Hyacinthus, tomb of, near Tarentum, +8+, 30
Hypana, a town of Triphylia, +4+, 77, 79
Hypata, a town in Thessaly, +20+, 9-11; +21+, 4, 5
Hyperbasas, an officer of Antiochus the Great, +10+, 31
Hyperbatus, Achaean Strategus B.C. 179, +24+, 10; +29+, 23
Hypsas, a river near Agrigentum, +9+, 27
Hyrcania, a region in Asia on the south of the Caspian, +10+, 29, 31, 48
Hyrcanian sea, +5+, 44, 55; +10+, 48
Hyscana, a city in Illyria, +28+, 8
IAPYGIA (Appulia), +2+, 24; +3+, 88
Iapygian promontory, in Calabria (_Capa Sta. Maria di Leuca_), +10+, 1; +34+, 6, 11
Iasus, a city in Caria, +16+, 12; +18+, 2, 8, 44
Iberia (Spain), +1+, 10; +2+, 13, 36; +3+, 3, 8-17, 21, 27, 30, 33-35, 37, 39, 49, 56, 57, 59, 61, 64, 87, 89, 95, 96, 98, 106; +5+, 1, 33; +11+, 24, 29, 31, 33; +12+, 5; +32+, 8; +34+, 5, 7-9; +35+, 1-5; +38+, 8;
events in, _see_ Cornelius Scipio
Iberians, arms of, +3+, 114;
character of, +3+, 98;
mercenaries, +1+, 17, 67; +3+, 72, 74, 79, 83, 93, 94, 113-115, 117; +11+, 1, 19
Iberus, river in Spain (mod. _Ebro_), +2+, 13; +3+, 6, 14, 15, 27, 29, 30, 35, 39, 40, 76, 95, 97; +4+, 28; +5+, 1; +10+, 35; +11+, 32
Ida, Mt. _See_ Zeus
Ilergetes, a tribe of north Spain, +3+, 35; +10+, 18
Ilipa, a town in Spain, +12+, 20
Ilium, a city in the Troad, +5+, 78, 111; +12+, 5; +22+, 5; +34+, 2; +39+, 6
Illeberis, a town and river of Aquitania, +34+, 10
Illyria, +1+, 13; +2+, 2, 8, 11, 44; +3+, 16, 18, 19; +4+, 16, 29, 37, 66; +5+, 4, 101, 108, 110; +18+, 1, 8; +21+, 21; +28+, 8; +29+, 4; +32+, 18, 23, 26; +34+, 6, 7, 12; +39+, 2
Illyrians, their tactics, +2+, 3;
their language, +28+, 8
_See also_ +2+, 2-12, 65-68, 70; +3+, 16, 18, 107; +4+, 16, 25, 55; +5+, 7, 13, 14, 22, 23, 101, 109; +8+, 16; +9+, 38; +11+, 11, 14, 15; +23+, 1; +28+, 8; +30+, 14; +32+, 23; +39+, 2
Ilurgia, a city in Spain, +11+, 24
_Impiety and Injustice, altar of_, +18+, 54
India, +11+, 34; +34+, 13
Indian drivers of elephants, +1+, 40; +3+, 46; +11+, 1
Insubres, a tribe of Cisalpine Gauls, +2+, 17, 22, 23, 28, 30, 32, 34; +3+, 40, 56, 60; +16+, 40
Intercatia, a town in Spain, +34+, 9
Io, daughter of Inachus, +4+, 43
Iolaus, comrade of Hercules, +7+, 9
Ionia, +18+, 41_a_; +21+, 13, 14, +33+, 12
Ionian sea, +2+, 14; +5+, 110; +34+, 12; +38+, 5
Iphiades, of Abydus, +16+, 30
Iphicrates, of Athens, +39+, 2
Irobastus, an Egyptian, +22+, 7
Isara, a river in Gaul (Isère), +3+, 49
Iseas, tyrant of Caryneia, +2+, 41
Isius. _See_ Alexander.
Island, the, between the Rhine and Isara, +3+, 49
Ismenias, of Boeotia, +27+, 1, 2
Isocrates, a grammarian, +32+, 4, 6, 7
Issa, an island in the Adriatic on the coast of Illyria (_Lissa_), +2+, 8, 11; +32+, 18
Issus, in Cilicia, battle of, +12+, 17, 18
Ister. _See_ Danube.
Isthmian games, the, +2+, 12; +18+, 44, 46
Isthmus of Corinth, the, +2+, 52; +3+, 32; +4+, 13; +12+, 12; +16+, 16; +20+, 6; +30+, 10; +39+, 17, 19;
ships dragged across, +4+, 19; fr. xcviii.
Istri, the, inhabitants of Istria, +25+, 4
Italy, geography and inhabitants of, +2+, 14-24; +34+, 15;
Italians, +2+, 31; +3+, 2, 77, 85, 118; +5+, 104; +11+, 19; +18+, 19; +34+, 10
_See also_ +1+, 3; +3+, 118; +5+, 105; +28+, 16; +39+, 19
Ithaca, island of, +34+, 7
Ithomates, citadel of Messene, +7+, 11
Ithoria, a fort in Aetolia, +4+, 64
Itonian Artemis, +4+, 25; +25+, 3
JASON, +4+, 39
Jews, the, +16+, 39
Jordan, the, +5+, 70
Julius Caesar, Sex., consul B.C. 157, +32+, 24; +38+, 7-10
Junius Brutus, L., consul B.C. 509, +3+, 22
Junius Pullus, L., consul B.C. 249, +1+, 52, 54, 55
Junius Silanus, M., serves in Spain under Scipio, +10+, 6; +11+, 20, 23, 26, 33
Junius, Marcus, ambassador to Ariarathes, +31+, 13
Jupiter, Capitolinus, +3+, 23, 26;
Lapis, +3+, 25
KING’S DYKE, the, +5+, 51
LABAE, a city in Arabia, +13+, 9
Labeatis, a district in Illyria, +29+, 3
Labus, a mountain between Parthia and Hyrcania, +10+, 29, 31
Lacedaemon (or Sparta), its position and extent, +5+, 22; +9+, 21 _See also_ +2+, 41, 53, 65, 69, 70; +4+, 23, 34-36; +5+, 9, 17, 19, 20, 23, 24, 37, 92; +6+, 48; +9+, 8, 9, 18; +13+, 6, 8; +16+, 13, 16, 37; +18+, 17; +20+, 5, 12; +21+, 1, 41; +22+, 1, 3, 10, 13, 15, 16; +23+, 5, 6, 9, 11, 17, 18; +24+, 1, 2, 7, 10-12
Lacedaemonians (Spartans), their numbers and territory, +2+, 38; their constitution, +2+, 62; +4+, 81; +6+, 3, 10, 43, 45-51; +12+, 6, 11, 23; their iron money, +6+, 49; their use of the tibia in war, +4+, 20; admitted to the Achaean league, +23+, 17, 18 _See also_ +1+, 6, 63; +2+, 39, 45-47, 49, 50, 52, 57, 58, 62, 65, 69, 70; +3+, 5; +4+, 2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 15, 16, 19-24, 27, 32-34, 36, 54, 80, 81; +5+, 2, 9, 19-23, 35, 76, 92, 28, 39; +11+, 11, 15-18; +12+, 6, 25; +13+, 6; +18+, 14; +20+, 12; +21+, 1, 2, 41; +22+, 3, 13, 16; +23+, 1, 4, 9, 18; +31+, 9; +37+, 1; +38+, 4, 8; +39+, 2, 8
Lacinium, a promontory of Bruttium, +3+, 33, 56; +15+, 1; +34+, 11
Laconia, +2+, 54, 65; +5+, 19, 20, 24, 92; +16+, 17, 20, 37; +38+, 4
Lade, an island off Miletus, +16+, 10, 14, 15
Ladicus, an Acarnanian, +4+, 80
Ladoceia, in the territory of Megalopolis, +2+, 51, 55
Laelius, Gaius, +10+, 3, 9, 12, 18, 19, 37, 39; +11+, 32, 33; +14+, 4, 9; +15+, 9, 12, 14
Laenas. _See_ Popilius
Laestrygones, the, +8+, 11
Lagius, an Achaean, +39+, 11
Lagoras, of Crete, an officer of Ptolemy Philopator, +5+, 61; +7+, 15-18
Lagus, father of Ptolemy I., +2+, 41; +5+, 67
Lai, a tribe of Cisalpine Gauls, +2+, 17
Lamia, a city in Thessaly, +9+, 29; +20+, 11
Lamius, of Ambracia, +18+, 10
Lampsacus, a city in Mysia, +5+, 78; +18+, 52; +21+, 13, 14
Laodice, wife of Seleucus Callinicus, +4+, 51; +8+, 22
Laodice, daughter of Mithridates IV., wife of Antiochus the Great, +5+, 43, 55
Laodice, another daughter of Mithridates IV., wife of Achaeus, +5+, 74; +8+, 21, 22, 23
Laodicea, a city in Phrygia, +5+, 57
Laodicea by-the-Sea, a city in Syria, +32+, 7
Laodicea, at Libanus, a city in Syria, +5+, 45
Lapateni, fr. xvii.
Lapethus, a city in Cyprus, +39+, 18
Lappa, a city in Crete, +4+, 53-55
Larinum, a city in North Apulia, +3+, 101
Larisa, a city in Thessaly, +4+, 66, 67; +5+, 97, 99; +9+, 18; +18+, 19, 27, 33; +28+, 5
Larisa Cremaste, in Thessalian Phthiotis, +18+, 3, 8; +18+, 38
Larius (Lake of Como), +34+, 10
Larymna, a town in Boeotia, +20+, 5
Lases, an ambassador from Thespiae, +27+, 1
Lasio, a town in Elis, +4+, 72-74; +5+, 102
Latin, old, +3+, 22
Latins, the, +1+, 6; +2+, 18, 24; +3+, 22
Latium, +3+, 22-24; +34+, 8
Lattabus, an Aetolian, +9+, 34
Lavina, daughter of Evander, fr. iii.
Laurentines, the, +3+, 22
Lebadeia, a town in Boeotia, +27+, 1
Lebecii, a tribe of Cisalpine Gauls, +2+, 17
Lechaeum, the harbour of Corinth, +5+, 2, 17, 18, 24, 25-28, 101
_Legion_, the Roman. _See_ Roman Army
Lemnos, island of, +30+, 21; +34+, 11
Leo, a Macedonian officer, +18+, 22
Leo, an officer of Eumenes I., +28+, 15
Leonidas I., son of Anaxandridas, king of Sparta B.C. 491-480, +9+, 38
Leonidas II., king of Sparta B.C. 257-242, +4+, 35
Leontini, a city in Sicily, +7+, 6; +8+, 11
Leontium, a city in Achaia, +2+, 41; +5+, 94; +24+, 10
Leontius, conspirator against Philip V., +4+, 87; +5+, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 14-16, 25-27, 29, 100
Leontius, governor of Pieria, +5+, 60
Lepreum, a city of Triphylia, +4+, 77-80
Leptines, of Syracuse, +1+, 9
Leptines, assassin of Gn. Octavius, +32+, 4, 6, 7
Leptis, a city of Africa, +1+, 87
Lergetae, an African tribe, +3+, 33
Leucas island, +5+, 5, 16-18, 95, 101, 108, 109; +18+, 47; +21+, 26; +34+, 6
Leuctra (in Boeotia), battle of, +1+, 6; +2+, 39, 41; +4+, 81; +8+, 13; +12+, 25_f_; +20+, 4
Libanus, Mt. (Lebanon), +5+, 45, 59, 69
Libba, a city in Mesopotamia on the Tigris, +5+, 51
Liburnus, Mt. in Apulia, +3+, 100
Libya, +1+, 3, 26, 29, 70, 72; +3+, 3, 33, 37-39; +5+, 1, 33, 65, 105; +12+, 4, 26_a_; +34+, 6, 7, 15, 16; +38+, 8; +39+, 11, 19
Libyans, their war with Carthage, +1+, 19, 65, 67, 73, 74, 76, 77, 79, 82, 84-87
_See also_ +3+, 33, 56, 72, 74, 79, 83, 87, 113-117; +5+, 65, 82; +6+, 52; +11+, 19, 22, 24; +31+, 27
Philammon governor of, +15+, 25
Libyan sea, +1+, 37, 42; +4+, 77
Libyophoenicians, +3+, 33
Licinius Crassus, P., consul B.C. 171, +27+, 6, 8; +30+, 3
Licinius, Marcus, +37+, 6
Licinius Lucullus, L., +37+, 6
Liger, a river in Gaul (_Loire_), +34+, 10
Ligures, a large tribe of Cisalpine Gauls, +2+, 16; +12+, 28; +33+, 7, 10-12; +34+, 10
Serve the Carthaginians as mercenaries, +1+, 17, 67; +3+, 33; +11+, 19; +15+, 11;
their shields, +29+, 14
Liguria, +2+, 31; +3+, 41; +7+, 9
Lilybaeum, in Sicily, +1+, 25, 38-48, 52-56, 59-61, 66; +3+, 41, 61, 68, 96, 106, 109, 110; +7+, 3; +36+, 4, 5; +37+, 3
Limnaea, a town of Acarnania, +5+, 5, 6, 14
Limnaeus, a prince in Asia Minor, +5+, 90
Limnasus, a Macedonian, +29+, 4
Lingones, a tribe of Cisalpine Gauls, +2+, 17
Lipara, a city and island, +1+, 21, 24, 39
Liparae Islands, the, +1+, 25; +34+, 11
Lissus, a city of Illyria, +2+, 12; +3+, 16; +4+, 16; +8+, 15; +28+, 8
Lissus, a river in Sicily (_Fiume Ruina_), +7+, 6
Livius Macatus, Gaius, +8+, 27, 29, 32
Livius Salinator, Marcus, consul B.C. 219, 207, +11+, 1, 3
Livius Salinator, Gaius, consul B.C. 188, +21+, 3, 11
Lochagus, an Aetolian, +27+, 15
Locri, in Greece, the, +11+, 5; +12+, 6, 9-11; +18+, 11, 46, 47; +38+, 5, 10;
Locris, +18+, 10
Locri Epizephyrii, in Magna Graecia, +1+, 20; +10+, 1; +12+, 5-12;
Locris, +1+, 56
Logbasis, of Selge, +5+, 74-76
Longanus, a river in Sicily, +1+, 9
Lotophagi, the, +1+, 39; +34+, 3
Lucani, the, +2+, 24; +10+, 1
Luceria, in Daunia, +3+, 88, 100
Lucius, fr. xi., l., xvii.
Lucretius Gallus, Gaius, +27+, 7
Lucretius, Spurius, +31+, 12, 13
Lugdunum, a town in Gaul, +34+, 15
Luna, a town in Etruria, +34+, 11
Lusi, a town in Arcadia, +4+, 18, 25; +9+, 34
Lusitani, the, +10+, 17; +34+, 8; +35+, 2
Lusius, a stream in the territory of Megalopolis, +16+, 17
Lutatius Catulus, Gaius, consul B.C. 242, +1+, 59-62; +3+, 21; +29+, 3
Lutatius Catulus, Gaius, consul B.C. 220, +3+, 40
Lycaeum, a town in the territory of Megalopolis, +2+, 51, 55
Lycaeus, a mountain in Arcadia, +34+, 10
Lycaonia, a district of Asia Minor, +5+, 57; +21+, 22, 48
Lycastium, a district of Crete, +22+, 19
Lychnidius, a lake in Illyria, +5+, 108
Lychnis, a town in Illyria, +18+, 47; +34+, 12
Lycia, +21+, 24, 48; +22+, 5, 24; +24+, 9; +25+, 4; +30+, 5; +31+, 7, 15; +34+, 4
Lyciscus, an Acarnanian, +9+, 32-39
Lyciscus, an Aetolian, +27+, 15; +28+, 4; +30+, 13; +32+, 19, 20
Lycoa, a town in Arcadia, +16+, 17
Lycon, a Rhodian, +30+, 5
Lycophron, a Rhodian, +25+, 5
Lycopolis, a city in Egypt, +22+, 7
Lycopus, an Aetolian, +21+, 25, 26
Lycortas, of Megalopolis, Achaean Strategus, B.C. 184, 182, father of Polybius, +2+, 40; +22+, 3, 10, 12, 13, 16; +23+, 12, 16, 17; +24+, 6, 10; +28+, 3, 6; +29+, 23-25; +37+, 5
Lyctians, +22+, 18. _See_ Lyttus
Lycurgus, the Spartan legislator, +4+, 81; +6+, 3, 10-12, 46, 48-50; +10+, 2
Lycurgus, king of Sparta, B.C. 220-210, +4+, 2, 35-37, 60, 81; +5+, 5, 17, 18, 20-23, 29, 91, 92
Lycus, of Pharae, +5+, 94, 95
Lycus, a river in Mysia, +5+, 77
Lycus, a river of Phoenicia, +5+, 68
Lycus, a river of Assyria, +5+, 51
Lydia, +5+, 57, 79, 82; +21+, 16, 48
Lydiadas, tyrant of Megalopolis, +2+, 44, 51; +4+, 77
Lydiadas, a citizen of Megalopolis, +24+, 10
Lyncestae, a tribe in Macedonia, +34+, 12
Lysanias, a prince in Asia Minor, +5+, 90
Lysias, an ambassador of Antiochus the Great, +18+, 47, 50
Lysias, guardian of Antiochus V., +31+, 17, 19, 20
Lysimacheia, a city of Aetolia, +5+, 7
Lysimacheia, a city of the Thracian Chersonese, +5+, 34; +15+, 23; +18+, 3, 4, 50, 51; +21+, 15, 48
Lysimachus, successor of Alexander the Great in Thrace, +2+, 41, 71; +5+, 67; +15+, 25; +18+, 51; fr. xi.
Lysimachus, son of Ptolemy Philadelphus, +15+, 25
Lysimachus, a Gaul, +5+, 79
Lysinoe, a town in Pisidia, +21+, 36
Lysis, ambassador from Lacedaemonian exiles, +23+, 4
Lyttus, a town in Crete, +4+, 53, 54; +22+, 19
MACARAS, a river near Carthage (_Bagrodas_), +1+, 75, 86; +15+, 2
Maccoei, a tribe in Libya, +3+, 33
Macedonia, +2+, 70; +3+, 3; +4+, 1, 50, 51, 57, 62, 63, 66, 69, 85, 87; +5+, 5, 26, 30, 34, 97, 101, 106, 108-110; +27+, 4, 5, 8; +28+, 8, 10, 13, 17, 20; +29+, 1, 4, 22, 24; +30+, 8, 9, 13, 16, 18; +31+, 3, 12; +32+, 8, 11, 15, 23; +34+, 12; +35+, 4; +37+, 1, 2, 8; +38+, 5, 10; +39+, 2, 19;
Roman settlement of, vol. ii. p. 434
Macedonian soldiers at Alexandria, +15+, 26, 28, 29, 31
Macedonians, the, their empire, +1+, 2;
their government, +4+, 76; +5+, 27;
their freedom of speech, +5+, 27;
their supremacy in Greece, +9+, 28-36, 39;
their army, +2+, 65; +3+, 6; +4+, 8; +5+, 2, 65, 79, 82; +18+, 28-32 _See_ Phalanx; serving in Egypt, +15+, 26, 28, 31, 32
_See also_ +2+, 37, 39, 43, 48-51, 54, 56, 65-71; +3+, 5, 6, 16; +4+, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 11, 16, 22-24, 34, 35, 37, 61, 64, 68-73, 76, 78, 80, 84, 87; +5+, 2-8, 13, 17, 18, 25, 29, 35, 97, 100, 109; +22+, 4; +27+, 2-10, 15; +28+, 2, 5, 8; +29+, 4, 21, 27; +31+, 3, 7, 12; +32+, 14; +35+, 4; +37+, 2, 9; +38+, 5; +39+, 6
Macedonians, the Upper, +5+, 97
Macella, a city in Sicily, +1+, 24
Machanidas, tyrant of Sparta, +10+, 41; +11+, 11-18; +13+, 6
Machatas, an Aetolian, +4+, 34, 36
Machatas, son of Charops, +27+, 15
Maeander, the river, +21+, 24, 48; +22+, 5
Maeander, of Alexandria, +15+, 30
Maedi, a Thracian tribe, +10+, 41
Maeotis Palus (Sea of Azov), +4+, 39, 40, 42; +5+, 44; +10+, 27, 48; +34+, 7, 15
Magas, father of Berenice, +15+, 26
Magas, son of Ptolemy Euergetes and Berenice, +5+, 34, 36; +15+, 25
Magi, the, +34+, 2
Magilus, a Gallic chief, +3+, 44
_Magister equitum_, +3+, 87
_Magistrates_ at Rome, +3+, 87; +6+, 12, 19
Magnesia, a district in Thessaly, +5+, 99, 100; +18+, 11, 46, 47
Magnesia, a city of Ionia on the Maeander, +5+, 65; +16+, 24
Mago, brother of Hannibal, +3+, 71, 79, 85, 114; +9+, 22; +10+, 7, 38; +11+, 21
Mago Samnis, a friend of Hannibal, +9+, 25
Mago, commandant of New Carthage, +10+, 12, 15, 18, 19
Mago, an ambassador from Carthage, +36+, 3
Mago Bruttius, +36+, 5
Magonus, of Carthage, +7+, 9
Magus, the (false Smerdis), +5+, 43
Mahabal, an officer under Hannibal, +3+, 84, 85, 86
Malea, promontory of Laconia (_Maliá_), +5+, 95, 101, 109; +34+, 4, 7, 12
Malian Gulf, +9+, 41; +18+, 1; +20+, 10
Mamertines, the, +1+, 7-12, 20; +3+, 26
Mamilius Vitulus, Q., consul B.C. 262, +1+, 17-19
Mandonius, a Spanish chief, +10+, 18, 35; +11+, 29
Manilius, Manius, consul B.C. 145, +36+, 6; +37+, 3
Manlius, Lucius, praetor B.C. 218, +3+, 40
Manlius Torquatus, T., consul B.C. 224, +2+, 31
Manlius Torquatus, T., consul B.C. 165, sent to support Ptolemy Physcon, +31+, 18, 26-28; +32+, 1
Manlius Vulso Longus, L., consul B.C. 256, 250, +1+, 26, 28, 29, 39, 41-48
Manlius Vulso, Gnaeus, consul B.C. 189, +21+, 24, 34-39, 43, 44, 47, 48
Manlius Vulso, Lucius, brother of the preceding, +21+, 44, 46
Mantinea, a city of Arcadia, +2+, 46, 53, 54, 56, 58, 61; +4+, 8, 21, 27, 33; +9+, 8, 9, 34; +6+, 43; +11+, 11, 14; +12+, 25_f_; +38+, 4
Mantua, in Cisalpine Gaul (_Mantua_), +16+, 10
Marathus, a city in Phoenicia, +5+, 68
Marcius, Ancus, fr. v., vi.
Marcius, Lucius, legatus of Scipio, +11+, 23
Marcius Philippus, Quintus, consul B.C. 186, 169, +23+, 4, 8, 9; +24+, 11; +27+; +28+, 1, 13, 16, 17; +29+, 23-25
Marcius Figulus, Gaius, praetor B.C. 169, consul B.C. 162, 156, +28+, 14, 17; +32+, 26
Marcius Censorinus, Lucius, consul B.C. 149, +36+, 6
Margites, +12+, 4_a_, 25
Margus, of Caryneia, first sole Achaean Strategus, B.C. 255; +2+, 10, 41, 43
Maroneia, a city of Thrace, +5+, 34; +22+, 1, 15, 17; +18+, 3; +22+, 9, 17, 18; +30+, 3
Marrucini, a tribe in Central Italy, +2+, 24; +3+, 88
Mars Quirinus, +3+, 25
Marseilles, +2+, 14, 16; +3+, 37, 41, 47, 61, 95; +33+, 7, 10, 11; +34+, 7, 10
Marsh, the town in the, +21+, 34
Marshes, the (_Barathra_), near Pelusium, +5+, 80
Marsi, a nation in Italy, +2+, 24
Marsyas, plain of, between Libanus and Antilibanus, +5+, 45, 46, 61
Masaesylii, a tribe in Africa, +3+, 33; +16+, 23
Massanissa, king of Numidia, +3+, 5; +9+, 25; +11+, 21; +14+, 3, 4, 8, 9; +15+, 3-5, 9, 11, 12, 14, 18; +21+, 11, 21; +32+, 2;
character of, +37+, 10
Massolii, a Numidian tribe, +3+, 33
Mastia, a town of Africa, +3+, 24
Mastiani, a Spanish tribe, +3+, 33
Magna Mater, +21+, 37
Mathos, a Libyan leader of mercenaries, +1+, 69-73, 75, 77, 79, 82, 84, 86-88
Matiani, a tribe in Media, +5+, 44
Mauretania, +34+, 15
Mauretanians, the, +3+, 33; +15+, 11; +38+, 1
Medes, the, +5+, 44, 79, 82, 85; +16+, 22_a_; +39+, 6
Media, +5+, 40, 44, 45, 47, 51, 52, 54, 55; +10+, 27
_Medicine, Schools of_, +12+, 25_d_
_Medimnus, an Attic_, +6+, 39; _Sicilian_, +2+, 15; +9+, 44
Mediolanum (_Milan_), +2+, 34
Medion, a city of Acarnania, +2+, 2-4; +18+, 40
Mediterranean, the, +3+, 37, 39; +16+, 29
Megaleas, secretary of Philip V., +4+, 87; +5+, 2, 14-16, 25-28
Megalopolis, a city in Arcadia, +2+, 44, 46, 48, 50, 51, 54, 55, 61, 62, 64-66; +4+, 6, 7, 9, 10, 13, 25, 32, 33, 37, 60, 69, 77, 80-82; +5+, 91-93; +9+, 18, 21, 28; +13+, 8; +16+, 17; +18+, 14; +20+, 12; +21+, 9; +22+, 10; +23+, 12, 16; +31+, 9;
taken by Cleomenes, +2+, 55
Megara, +2+, 43; +4+, 67; +20+, 6; +39+, 8
Megistus, a river of Mysia, +5+, 77
Melambium, a township in Pelasgic Thessaly, +18+, 20
Melancomas, of Ephesus, +8+, 17-20
Meleager, ambassador from Antiochus Epiphanes, +27+, 19; +28+, 1, 22; +31+, 21
Melitaea, a city of Phthiotis, +5+, 97; +9+, 18
Memphis, a city in Egypt, +5+, 62, 63, 66; +29+, 23
Menalcidas, of Sparta, +30+, 17; +39+, 11
Menecrates, a Macedonian, +29+, 6
Menedemus, of Alabanda, +5+, 69, 79, 82
Menelaium, a hill and shrine in Laconia, +5+, 18, 22
Menestheus, brother of Meleager and Apollonius, +31+, 21
Menestratus, of Epirus, +20+, 10; +21+, 31
Meninx, island of the Lotophagi, +1+, 39; +34+, 3
Menippus, a Macedonian, +10+, 42
Menneas, +5+, 71
Menochares, ambassador from Demetrius Soter, +32+, 4, 6
Menoetius, of Crete, +22+, 19
Menyllus, of Alabanda, +31+, 18, 20, 22; +32+, 1
Merganè, a town of Sicily, +1+, 8
Mesembriani, a Thracian people, +25+, 2
Mesopotamia, +5+, 44, 48
Messapii, a tribe in Apulia, +2+, 24; +3+, 88
Messene, in Sicily, +1+, 7-11, 15, 20, 21, 25, 38, 52; +3+, 26
Messene, in the Peloponnese, +2+, 5, 55, 61, 62, 79, 80; +3+, 19; +4+, 4, 33, 49, 77; +5+, 5, 17, 37, 91, 92; +7+, 10, 11; +8+, 10, 14; +12+, 6_b_; +16+, 13, 16, 17; +18+, 14, 42; +22+, 13; +23+, 5, 9, 12, 16, 17; +24+, 2, 11-13, 15; +39+, 9
Messenians, wars with the Aetolians, +4+, 3-7, 9, 15;
their old wars with Sparta, +4+, 33; +6+, 49;
endeavour to join Philip V. in his attacks on Sparta, +5+, 20;
Lycurgus prepares an invasion of them, +5+, 91, 92;
democracy among, +7+, 10;
obtain some Spartan territory, +9+, 28, 30;
in alliance with Nabis, +16+, 13;
quarrel with the Achaeans, +23+, 9;
poison Philopoemen, +23+, 12;
subdued by Lycortas, +23+, 16; +24+, 2, 11;
their attitude in B.C. 146, +39+, 9
Metagonia, a district in Africa, +3+, 33
Metapa, a town in Aetolia, +5+, 7, 13
Metapontium, a city in Magna Graecia, +8+, 36; +10+, 1
Meteon, a city of Labeatis in Illyria, +29+, 3
Methydrium, a town in Arcadia, +4+, 10, 11, 13
Methymna, a city in Lesbos, +33+, 13
_Metretes_, a, +2+, 15
Metrodorus, an officer of Philip V., +15+, 24; fr. lxxii.
Metrodorus, an ambassador from Perseus, +29+, 4, 11
Metropolis, a city of Acarnania, +4+, 64
Miccus, of Dyme, sub-Strategus of the Achaeans, +4+, 59
Micio, of Athens, +5+, 106
Micipsa, son of Massanissa, +37+, 10
Midon, of Beroea, +27+, 8
Milestones on Roman roads, +3+, 39; +34+, 11
Miletus, +16+, 12, 15; +21+, 48; +28+, 19; +31+, 21
Milo, an officer of Perseus, +29+, 15
Miltiades, ambassador from Demetrius Soter, +32+, 24
Milyas, a district in Asia Minor, +5+, 72, 77; +21+, 48
Mincius, a river in Cisalpine Gaul (_Mincio_), +34+, 10
_Minervae promontorium_, +34+, 11
Minoa Heracleia, a city in Sicily, +1+, 25
Minucius Rufus, M., +3+, 87, 90, 92, 94, 101-106
Minucius Rufus, Q., consul B.C. 194, +18+, 12
Minucius Thermus, Q., consul B.C. 183, +21+, 46
Minucius Thermus, L., legate in Egypt, +33+, 8
Misdes, a Carthaginian ambassador, +36+, 3
Misenum, a promontory in Campania, +34+, 11
Mithridates IV., king of Cappadocia on the Pontus from about B.C. 242 to about B.C. 190, +4+, 56; +5+, 43, 90; +8+, 22
Mithridates V., son of Pharnaces I., king of Cappadocia _circ._ B.C. 154-120, +25+, 2; +33+, 12
Mithridates, nephew of Antiochus the Great, and grandfather of the preceding, +8+, 25
Mithridates, Satrap of Armenia, +25+, 2
Mitylene, a city in Lesbos, +11+, 4
Mnaseas, of Argos, +18+, 14
Mnasiades, of Argos, an athlete, +5+, 64
Mnasilochus, of Acarnania, +21+, 17, 45
Mnasippus, of Coronea, +30+, 13; +32+, 20
Mnesis, a flute-girl, +14+, 11
Moagetes, tyrant of Cibyra, +21+, 34
_Mob-rule_, +6+, 4; +9+, 5
Mochyrinus, +31+, 27
Mocissus, a town in Cappadocia, +24+, 8
Moeragenes, guardian of Ptolemy Epiphanes, +15+, 27-29
Molon, Satrap of Media, +5+, 40-43, 61
Molossi, a people of Epirus, +27+, 16; +30+, 7, 16
Molpagoras, tyrant of the Ciani, +15+, 21
Molycria, a town in Aetolia, +5+, 94
_Monarchy_, +6+, 3-6, 8, 9
Monunius, an Illyrian chief, +29+, 13
_Mora_, a Spartan, fr. xxiv.
Morcus, an ambassador from Genthius, +29+, 3, 11
Morini, a Gallic tribe, +34+, 15
Morzias, a prince in Paphlagonia, +25+, 2
Mummius, Lucius, consul B.C. 146, +39+, 14, 17
Musaeum, in Macedonia, +37+, 8
Musaeum, at Tarentum, +8+, 27, 29
Musaeus, an ambassador from Antiochus the Great, +21+, 16, 43
_Music in Arcadia_, +4+, 20, 21
Mutina, in Cisalpine Gaul (_Modena_), +3+, 40
Mycenae, in Argolis, +16+, 16
Mygdonia, a district in Mesopotamia, +5+, 51
Myiscus, an officer of Antiochus the Great, +5+, 82
Mylae, a city in Sicily, +1+, 9, 23
Mylasa, a city in Caria, +16+, 24; +21+, 48; +30+, 5
Myndus, a city in Caria, +16+, 12, 15
Myrcanus, a Carthaginian, +7+, 9
Myrina, a city in Aeolis, +18+, 44
Myrrhicus, a Boeotian, +22+, 4
Myrtis, of Argos, +18+, 14
Myrtium, a courtesan of Alexandria, +14+, 11
Myrton, a friend of Charops, +32+, 20, 21
Mysia, +4+, 50, 52; +5+, 76, 77; +21+, 48
_Mysteries, the_, +28+, 19
Myttistratum, a town in Sicily, +1+, 24
Myttonus, a Libyan, +9+, 22
Myus, a town of Ionia, +16+, 24
NABIS, tyrant of Sparta, +4+, 81; +13+, 6-8; +16+, 13, 16, 17; +18+, 17; +21+, 2, 9, 11; +33+, 16 _See_ Apéga
Namnitae, a tribe of Transalpine Gaul, +34+, 10
Naragara, a town in Africa, +15+, 5
Narávas, a Numidian, +1+, 78, 82, 84, 86
Narbo (or Atax), a river in Transalpine Gaul (the _Aude_), +5+, 37, 38; +34+, 10
Narbo (_Narbonne_), +34+, 6, 10
Naucratis, a city in Egypt, +22+, 7; +28+, 20
Naupactus, a city of the Aetolians (_Lepanto_), +4+, 16; +5+, 95, 102, 103; +16+, 27; +20+, 10, 13; +23+, 5; +38+, 11; fr. lxxxiii.;
the Hollows of, +5+, 103
Neapolis (_Naples_), +1+, 20; +3+, 91; +6+, 14
Neleus, +16+, 12
Nemean games, +2+, 70; +5+, 101; +10+, 26; +22+, 13
Neocaesareia, fr. xx.
Neocretans, +5+, 3, 65, 79
Neolaidas, an ambassador from Ptolemy Philometor, +33+, 8
Neolaus, brother of Molon, +5+, 53, 54
Neon, a Messenian, +18+, 14
Neon, a Boeotian, father of Brachylles, +20+, 5
Neon, a relation of the preceding, +27+, 1, 2, 6
Neptune, +10+, 11, 14. _See_ Poseidon
Nercobrica, a city in Spain, +35+, 2
Nereis, daughter of Pyrrhus, +7+, 4
Nestor Cropius, +27+, 16
Nesus, a town in Acarnania, +9+, 39
Nicaea, a town in Locris, +10+, 42; +18+, 1, 7
Nicagoras, of Messene, +5+, 37, 38
Nicagoras, of Rhodes, +28+, 2, 16
Nicander, Aetolian Strategus B.C. 190, +20+, 10; +21+, 25, 27, 30; +27+, 15; +28+, 4, 6
Nicander, of Rhodes, +18+, 2, 16
Nicanor, assassin of Seleucus III., +4+, 48
Nicanor, an officer of Philip V., +16+, 27
Nicanor Elephantus, +18+, 24
Nicanor, friend of Demetrius Soter, +31+, 22
Nicanor, son of Myrton, +32+, 20, 21
Nicarchus, officer of Antiochus the Great, +5+, 68, 71, 79, 83, 85
Nicasippus, of Elis, +5+, 94
Nicephorium, a temple at Pergamum, +16+, 1; +18+, 2, 6; +32+, 27
Nicias, of Athens, +9+, 19
Nicias, an officer of Ptolemy Philopator, +5+, 71
Nicias, of Epirus, +30+, 13
Nicippus, of Messene, +4+, 31
Nicodemus, of Elis, +22+, 3, 5
Nicodes, tyrant of Sicyon, +10+, 22
Nicolaus, an Aetolian, +5+, 61, 66, 68, 70; +10+, 29
Nicomachus, of Acarnania, +18+, 10
Nicomachus, of Rhodes, +8+, 17-19
Nicomedes, of Cos, +10+, 28
Nicomedes, son of king Prusias, +32+, 28; +37+, 6
Nicon, of Tarentum, +8+, 26, 29, 30
Nicon, connexion of Agathocles, +15+, 25, 33
Nicophanes, of Megalopolis, +2+, 48, 50
Nicostratus, an Aetolian, father of Dorimachus, +4+, 3; +9+, 34; +18+, 54
Nicostratus, a secretary of Agathocles, +15+, 27, 28
Nicostratus, of Rhodes, +16+, 5; +29+, 10
Nicostratus, of Xanthus, +25+, 4
Nile, the, +3+, 37; +34+, 2, 15;
canals of, +5+, 62;
drinking from, fr. xxvi.
Nisaean cavalry, +32+, 3. _See_ Herod. +9+, 20
Nola, a city in Campania (_Nola_), +2+, 17; +3+, 91
Nomads, the, a Scythian tribe, +11+, 34. _See also_ Apasiacae
Noricum (_Neumark in Styria_), +34+, 10
Nothocrates, of Gortyn, +28+, 15
Notium, harbour of Colophon, +21+, 48
Numenius, ambassador of the Ptolemies, +30+, 17
Numidians, the, +1+, 19, 31, 65, 74, 77, 78; +3+, 33, 44, 45, 65-73, 112, 116, 117; +11+, 21; +14+, 1-9; +15+, 9, 11, 12
_See also_ +37+, 10; +38+, 1
Numisius, Titus, commissioner to Egypt, +29+, 5
Nutria, a town in Illyria, +2+, 11
OBOLS, value of, +2+, 15; +6+, 39
_Ocean_, the, +3+, 33; +16+, 29; +34+, 15
Octavius, Gnaeus, praetor B.C. 166, +28+, 3-5; +30+, 19;
consul B.C. 165, +31+, 12, 13, 19, 20; +32+, 4, 6, 7
Odomantica, a district in Thrace, +37+, 2
Odrysae, a tribe in Thrace, +23+, 8; +30+, 18; fr. xi.
Oeanthia, a city of the Ozolian Locrians, +4+, 57; +5+, 17
Oenanthe, mother of Agathocles, +14+, 11; +15+, 25, 29, 33
Oeniadae, a town in Acarnania, +4+, 65; +9+, 39; +21+, 32
Oenis, of Messene, +4+, 31
Oenus, a river of Laconia, +2+, 65, 66
Ogygus, an ancient king of Achaia, +2+, 41; +4+, 1
Olana, a mouth of the Po, +2+, 16
Olenus, a town of Achaia, +2+, 41
_Oligarchy_, +6+, 3, 4, 8
Olygyrtus, a mountain in Arcadia, +4+, 11, 70
Olympia, +4+, 10, 73, 75, 77, 84, 86;
Olympic games, +4+, 73; +12+, 4_d_, 26; +29+, 9; +30+, 10; +39+, 17
Olympiad, an, 7th, fr. i.;
27th, +6+, 2;
124th, +2+, 41, 71;
129th, +1+, 5;
139th, +2+, 71;
140th, +1+, 3; +3+, 1; +4+, 26, 66; +5+, 30, 105;
141st, +9+, 1;
147th, +21+, 43;
148th, +22+, 1;
149th, +23+, 1, 9
Olympichus, a prince in Asia Minor, +5+, 90
Olympichus, of Coronea, +27+, 1
Olympieion, at Athens, +26+, 1
Olympiodorus, of Byzantium, +4+, 47
Olympion, an ambassador from Genthius, +29+, 3, 4
Olympus, Mt., in Laconia near Sallasia, +2+, 65, 66, 69; +5+, 24
Olympus, Mt., in Thessaly, +12+, 26; +34+, 10
Olympus, Mt., in Galatia (_Ala Dagh_), +21+, 37
Olynthus, a city in Macedonia, +9+, 28, 33
Omias, of Sparta, +4+, 23; +24+, 8
Onchestus, a river in Thessaly, +18+, 20
Onesigenes of Syracuse, +7+, 4
Onomarchus, a Phocian, +9+, 33
Onomastus, governor of Thrace, +22+, 17, 18
Opheltas, of Boeotia, +20+, 6
Opici, a tribe in Campania, +34+, 11
Opimius, Quintus, consul B.C. 154, +33+, 8, 10, 13
Oppius, Lucius, +33+, 13
Orchomenus, a city of Arcadia, +2+, 46, 54, 55; +4+, 6, 11, 12
Oreium, a mountain in Assyria, +5+, 52
Orestae, a tribe in Macedonia, +18+, 47
Orestes. _See_ Aurelius
Orestes, father of Tisamenus, +2+, 41; +4+, 1
Oretes, a Spanish tribe, +3+, 33
Oreus, a city in Euboea, +10+, 43; +11+, 5; +18+, 45, 47
Orgyssus, a town in Illyria, +5+, 108
Orion, the rise of, +1+, 37
Oroanda, a town in Pisidia, +21+, 44, 46
Orontes, a river in Syria, +5+, 59
Orontes, a mountain in Media, +10+, 27
Orophernes, usurper of Cappadocia, +3+, 5; +32+, 24, 25; +33+, 6
Oropus, in Boeotia, +32+, 25; +33+, 2
Orthosia, a town in Caria, +30+, 5
Ortiago, a Gallic chief, +21+, 38; +22+, 21
Ossa, Mt., in Thessaly, +34+, 10
Ostia, harbour of Rome, fr. v. (+6+, 2); +31+, 22; +34+, 11
Otacilius Crassus, Manius, consul B.C. 261, +1+, 20
Oxus, a river in Asia, +10+, 48
Oxybii, a tribe of Transalpine Gauls, +33+, 8, 10, 11
PACHYNUS, a promontory of Sicily (_Capo Passaro_), +1+, 25, 42, 54; +7+, 3
Padoa, a mouth of the Po, +2+, 16
Padus (the _Po_), +2+, 16, 17, 23, 28, 32, 34, 35; +3+, 40, 61, 64, 66, 69, 75, 86; +5+, 29; +10+, 3; +34+, 10;
the valley or plain of, +2+, 19, 35; +3+, 39, 44, 47, 48, 54, 56, 61
Paeanium, a town in Aetolia, +4+, 65
Paeonia, a district near Macedonia, +5+, 97; +23+, 10
Palatine, the, fr. iii.
Pale, a town in Cephallenia, +5+, 3, 5, 16, 17, 100
Pallas, son of Hercules and Pallantium, fr. iii.
Pamisus, a river in Messenia, +16+, 16
Pamphia, a hamlet in Aetolia, +5+, 8, 13
Pamphilidas, of Rhodes, +21+, 7, 10
Pamphylia, +5+, 34, 72, 77; +21+, 35, 43, 48; +32+, 4
Panachaicum, a mountain in Achaia, +5+, 30
Panaetolus, an officer of Antiochus the Great, +5+, 30
Panathenaea, the, +28+, 19
Pan-boeotii, +4+, 3; +9+, 34
Panchaea, a fabulous island of Arabia Felix, +34+, 5
Pancrates, of Rhodes, +28+, 16
Pancrates, tyrant of Cibyra, +30+, 9
Pangaeum, a mountain in Thrace, +22+, 8
_Panic_, a, +5+, 96, 100
Panium, a mountain in Coele-Syria (part of Lebanon), +16+, 18; +28+, 1
Panormus, a town in Sicily, +1+, 21, 24, 38-40, 55, 56
Pantacnotus, of Abydus, +16+, 30
Pantaleon, an Aetolian, father of Archidamus, +4+, 57
Pantaleon, an Aetolian ambassador, +20+, 9; +28+, 4
Pantauchus, son of Balacrus, +27+, 8; +29+, 3, 4
Panteus, of Sparta, +5+, 37
Paphlagonia, +25+, 2
Papiria, wife of Macedonicus, mother of the younger Africanus, +32+, 12, 14
Papirius, Gnaeus, +38+, 10, 11
Parapotamia, a district in Assyria, +5+, 48, 69
Parmenio, of Lampsacus, +18+, 52
Parmenio, ambassador from Genthius, +29+, 3, 11
Parnassus, a mountain in Phocis, +4+, 57; +34+, 10
Parnassus, a city in Cappadocia, +24+, 8
Paropus, a town in Sicily, +1+, 24
Parthenius, a mountain in the Peloponnese, +4+, 23
Parthians, the, +5+, 44; +10+, 28, 31
Parthus, a city in Illyria, +2+, 11; +7+, 9; +18+, 47
Pasiadas, an Achaean, +28+, 12, 19
_Passum_, raisin wine, fr. iv.
Patara, a city in Lycia, +21+, 46
Patrae, a city of Achaia, +2+, 41; +4+, 6, 7, 10, 25, 83; +5+, 2, 3, 30, 91, 95, 101; +28+, 6; +39+, 9
Pausiras, an Egyptian prince, +22+, 7
Pausistratus, of Rhodes, +21+, 7
Paxi, islands, near Corcyra, +2+, 10
Pedasa, a town in Caria, +18+, 44
Pednelissus, a city in Pisidia, +5+, 72, 73, 76
Pelagonia, a district in Macedonia, +5+, 108
Pelecas, a mountain in Mysia, +5+, 77
Pelion, a mountain in Thessaly, +8+, 11; +34+, 10
Pella, a city in Macedonia, +4+, 66; +29+, 4; +34+, 12
Pella, a town in Palestine, +5+, 70
Pellene, a city in Achaia, +2+, 41, 52; +4+, 8, 13, 72
Pellene, a town in Laconia, +4+, 81; +16+, 37
Pelopidas, of Thebes, +6+, 43; +8+, 1
Peloponnese, the, +1+, 42; +2+, 37, 43, 44, 49, 52, 54, 60, 62; +4+, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 13, 14, 22, 32, 57, 61, 62, 65, 66, 70, 73, 77, 84, 87; +5+, 1, 3, 17, 36, 102, 106, 110; +12+, 4_d_; +22+, 1, 10, 13, 15; +23+, 4, 9; +24+, 2; +27+, 2, 18; +28+, 3, 7, 13; +29+, 23; +30+, 23; +33+, 3; +34+, 6, 12; +37+, 3; +38+, 7; +39+, 2, 9, 14
Peloponnesians, the, +2+, 37, 38, 40, 42, 43, 49, 52, 62; +3+, 3; +4+, 1, 7, 32, 67, 69, 77, 82; +5+, 92, 106; +6+, 49; +10+, 25; +11+, 5; +12+, 12_a_, 25_i_; +18+, 11, 14; +38+, 5
Pelops, of Alexandria, +15+, 25
Pelorias, a promontory of Sicily, +1+, 11, 42
Pelusium, a city of Egypt, +5+, 62, 80; +15+, 25; +28+, 18; +29+, 27
Penelope, +12+, 26_b_
Peparethus, island of, +10+, 42
Peraea Rhodiorum, a part of Caria, +18+, 2, 6, 8; +27+, 7; +30+, 24; +31+, 26
Pergamum (or Pergamos, +21+, 20), in Mysia, chief city of Attalus, +4+, 48; +5+, 78; +16+, 1; +21+, 10, 20; +24+, 5, 9; +32+, 27; +33+, 9
Perge, in Pamphylia, +5+, 72; +21+, 44
Pericles, of Athens, +9+, 23
Perigenes, an officer of Ptolemy Philopator, +5+, 68, 69
Perinthus, a city in Thrace on the Propontis, +18+, 2, 44; +34+, 12
_Perioeci_ of Sparta, the, +2+, 65; +4+, 34
Perippia (or -ii), +5+, 102
Perrhaebi, a tribe in Thessaly, +5+, 102; +18+, 46, 47; +22+, 1, 9, 15; +23+, 1; +28+, 13; +30+, 7
Perseus, son of Philip V., king of Macedonia B.C. 179-168, +1+, 3; +18+, 35; +22+, 8;
intrigues against his brother, +23+, 3, 7, 10;
beginning of his reign, +25+, 3, 4, 6;
war with Rome, +27+, 1-11, 14-16; +28+, 1, 2, 5, 12, 17;
defeated at Pydna, +29+, 3-22, 27; +30+, 1, 3, 6-8, 10, 13, 16, 18; +32+, 20, 21, 23;
in Alba, +37+, 1-3, 9
_See also_ +3+, 3, 5, 32; +20+, 11; +32+, 11; fr. lxxxi.
Persian Gulf, the, +5+, 46, 48, 54; +9+, 43; +13+, 9 (Ἐρυθρὰ θάλασσα, cp. Herod. +6+, 20)
Persian Gates, the, at Sardis, +7+, 17, 18
Persians, the, +1+, 2, 6, 63; +2+, 35; +3+, 6; +4+, 31; +5+, 10, 43, 55; +6+, 49; +9+, 34, 39; +10+, 28; +12+, 8, 20, 25_f_; +16+, 22; +22+, 8; +29+, 21; +39+, 6
Persis, +5+, 40, 44, 54; +31+, 11
Pessinus, a city of Galatia, +21+, 37
Petelia, a town of Bruttium (_Strongoli_), +7+, 1
Petraeus, of Epirus, +4+, 24; +5+, 17; +21+, 26
Petronius, Gaius, +32+, 28
Phacus, a town in Macedonia, +31+, 26
Phaeacians, the, +34+, 9
Phaeneas, Aetolian Strategus B.C. 198, 192, +18+, 1, 3, 4, 7, 37, 38; +20+, 9, 10; +21+, 25, 26, 29, 30
Phaestus, a city of Crete, +4+, 55
Phaethon, fall of, +2+, 16
Phalanx, the Macedonian, +2+, 65; +12+, 20, 21; +18+, 26-28; +29+, 17;
double, +2+, 66;
quadruple, +12+, 20;
of Pyrrhus, +18+, 28;
of Achaeans, +11+, 11, 15
Phalara, a city of Thessaly, +20+, 10, 11
Phalaris, tyrant of Agrigentum, +7+, 7; +12+, 25
Phalasarna, a town in Crete, +22+, 19
Phanoteia, a town in Phocis, +5+, 96; +27+, 16; +29+, 12
Pharae (or Pharaea), a city of Achaia, +2+, 41; +4+, 6, 7, 25, 59, 60, 77; +5+, 30, 94, 95
Pharae, a town of Messenia, +16+, 16; +23+, 17
Pharnaces I., son of Mithridates IV., king of Cappadocia _circ._ B.C. 190-170, +3+, 3; +23+, 9; +24+, 1, 5, 8, 9; +25+, 2; +27+, 7, 17
Pharsalus, a city of Thessaly, +5+, 99; +18+, 3, 8; +18+, 20, 38, 47
Pharus, island and town of, +2+, 11; +3+, 18, 19; +5+, 108; +7+, 9. _See_ Demetrius
Pharycus, an Aetolian, +9+, 34
Phaselis, a city of Lycia, +30+, 9
Phasis, a river in Colchis, +4+, 56
Phayllus, an officer of Achaeus, +5+, 72, 73
Pheias, harbour town in Elis, +4+, 9
Pheidias, the Athenian artist, +30+, 10
Pheneus, a town in Arcadia, +2+, 52; +4+, 68
Pherae, a city of Thessaly, +5+, 99; +18+, 19, 20
Phibotides, a city of Illyria, +5+, 108
Phigaleia, a city in Arcadia, +4+, 3, 6, 31, 79, 80; +5+, 4
Philaenus, altars of, in the Greater Syrtis, +3+, 39; +10+, 40
Philaenis, +12+, 13
Philammon, governor of Libya, under Ptolemy Epiphanes, +15+, 25, 26_a_, 33
Philemenus, of Tarentum, +8+, 26, 27, 31, 32
Philetaerus, son of Attalus I., +39+, 7
Philiades, of Messene, +18+, 14
Philinus, historian, +1+, 14, 15; +3+, 26
Philinus, of Corinth, +39+, 11
Philip II., king of Macedonia, B.C. 360-336, +2+, 41, 48; +3+, 6; +5+, 10; +8+, 11-13; +9+, 28, 33; +18+, 14; +22+, 6, 8
Philip V., son of Demetrius II., king of Macedonia B.C. 229-179, +1+, 3;
his youth and succession, +2+, 2, 37, 45, 70;
engages in the social war, +4+, 2, 3, 5, 9, 13, 15, 16, 19, 22-27, 29, 30, 34, 36, 37;
invades Aetolia, +4+, 55, 57, 61-87;
renews the war by sea, attack on Thermus, +5+, 1-30, 34, 95, 97-105, 108-110;
makes a treaty with Hannibal, +7+, 9, cp. +3+, 2;
conduct at Messene, +7+, 11;
gets rid of Aratus, +8+, 3, 10-16;
fails in an attack on Megalopolis, +9+, 18;
his lawless conduct in Greece, +9+, 23, 30-32, 35-37, 41, 42;
supports Achaeans against Rome, and Attalus, and Aetolians, +10+, 9, 26, 27, 41;
second attack on Thermus, +11+, 5-7; +13+, 3-5;
his designs against Ptolemy Epiphanes, +15+, 20-25;
defeated at Chius, +16+, 1-11, 15, 22;
his energy, +16+, 28, 29;
war with Rome, +16+, 24-35, 38;
attends conference at Nicaea, +18+, 1-12;
battle of Cynoscephalae, +18+, 27, 33, 36-39, 41-48, 50, 51, 54;
supports the Romans against Antiochus, +20+, 5, 7, 11
_See also_ +21+, 2, 11, 23, 25, 31; +22+, 1, 8, 9, 13, 15, 17; +23+, 1-3, 7-10; +24+, 12; +25+, 3; +27+, 15; +32+, 27; +37+, 9; fr. xcviii.-cii.
For his change of character _see_ +4+, 77, 81; +7+, 12, 14; +9+, 23
Philip, adopted son of Perseus, +37+, 2
Philip, an Achaean, +30+, 13
Philip, an ambassador of Perseus, +27+, 4
Philip, a companion of Antiochus the Great, +5+, 82
Philippopolis, a city in Thessaly, +5+, 100
Phillidas, an Aetolian, +4+, 77-80
Philocles, friend of Philip V., +16+, 24; +22+, 18; +23+, 1, 3
Philocrates, of Rhodes, +30+, 4
Philodemus, of Argos, +7+, 2
Philomelum, a city in Phrygia, +21+, 35
Philomelus, of Phocis, +9+, 32
Philon, of Cnossus, +5+, 65
Philon, friend of Agathocles, +14+, 11; +15+, 30, 33
Philon, of Chalcis, +21+, 17, 45; +28+, 28, 2, 16; +30+, 4, 22
Philon, of Thessaly, +39+, 10
Philophron, of Rhodes, +22+, 5; +27+, 14
Philopoemen, of Megalopolis, Achaean Strategus B.C. 206, 204, 201, 192, 189-188, 183; completes the work of Aratus, +2+, 40;
at the battle of Sallasia, +2+, 67-69;
his education and reforms, +10+, 21-24; +11+, 9-18;
invades Laconia, +16+, 36, 37;
goes to defend Megara, +20+, 6;
refuses a present from the Spartans, +20+, 12;
restores some Spartan exiles, +21+, 41; +22+, 15;
accused at Rome, +22+, 3;
hostile steps against Boeotia, +22+, 4;
his error about the treaty with Ptolemy, +22+, 12;
his policy in Sparta blamed by Caecilius, +22+, 13;
his conduct to Archon, +22+, 14;
his Spartan policy discussed in the Roman Senate, +22+, 16;
enmity of Flamininus to, +23+, 5;
joins in refusing to summon a meeting of the league, _ib._;
captured by the Messenians and put to death, +23+, 12, 16;
his character, +24+, 13-15;
his statues spared by Mummius, +39+, 14
Philostratus, of Rhodes, +16+, 5
Philostratus, of Epirus, +27+, 16
Philoteria, a town in Palestine, +5+, 70
Philotis, mother of Charops, +32+, 20
Philoxenus, a poet and musician, +4+, 20
Phlegraean plains, the, +2+, 17; +3+, 91
Phlius, a city in the Peloponnese, +2+, 44, 52, 67; +4+, 67
Phocaea, a city in Ionia, +5+, 77; +21+, 6, 48
Phocis, +4+, 9, 15, 25, 55; +5+, 24, 26, 28, 96; +16+, 32; +18+, 10, 46, 47; +38+, 5; +39+, 9
Phoebidas, of Sparta, +4+, 27
Phoenice, a town in Epirus, +2+, 5, 6, 8; +16+, 27; +32+, 21, 26
Phoenicia, a district in Asia, +3+, 2; +5+, 59, 66, 67, 87; +8+, 19
Phoetiae, a town in Acarnania, +4+, 63
Pholeus, in Megalopolis, +9+, 18
Phoxidas, of Melitaea, +5+, 63, 65, 82, 85
Phrixa, a town in Triphylia, +4+, 77, 80
Phrygia, +5+, 57; on the Hellespont, +21+, 22, 48; the greater, +21+, 48
Phthiotid Thebes. _See_ Thebes
Phthiotis, Achaeans of, in Thessaly, +18+, 46, 47
_See also_ +18+, 20
Phylarchus, the historian, +2+, 56-63
Phyromachus, a statuary, +32+, 27
Physsias, of Elis, +5+, 94
Phytaeum, a town in Aetolia, +5+, 7
Phyxium, a place in Elis, +5+, 95
Picenus ager, +2+, 21; +3+, 86
Pictones, a tribe of Transalpine Gauls, +34+, 10
Pieria, a region in Macedonia, +4+, 62
Pieria, a region in Syria, +34+, 15
Pinarus, a river in Cilicia, +12+, 17, 18
Pindar, quoted, +4+, 31
Piraeus, the, +16+, 25
Pisae, in Etruria (_Pisa_), +2+, 16, 27, 28; +3+, 41, 56, 96
Pisantini, an Illyrian tribe, +5+, 108
Pisatis, a district in the Peloponnese, +4+, 74
Pisidia, +5+, 57, 72, 73; +21+, 22
Pisistratus, of Boeotia, +18+, 43
Pissaeum, a town in Macedonia, +5+, 108
Plains, the Great (near Carthage), +14+, 7, 8; the Fair, in Armenia, +8+, 25
Placentia (_Piacenza_), +3+, 40, 66, 74; +33+, 11
Platanus, a fortress in Phoenicia, +5+, 68
Plato, +6+, 5, 45, 47; +7+, 13; +12+, 28
Plator, an officer of Philip V., +4+, 55
Plator, brother of Genthius, +29+, 13
_Pleiads_, the, +3+, 54; +4+, 37; +5+, 1; +9+, 18
Pleuratus, an Illyrian, father of Agron and Scerdilaidas, +2+, 2
Pleuratus, son of Scerdilaidas, father of Genthius, +10+, 41; +18+, 47; +21+, 11, 21; +32+, 18
Pleuratus, an Illyrian exile, +28+, 8
_Polemarch_, the, in the Peloponnese, +4+, 18; +9+, 17;
at Cynaetha, +4+, 18;
at Phigaleia, +4+, 79
Polemarchus, of Arsinoe, +18+, 10
Polemocles, of Rhodes, +4+, 52, 53
Polemocrates, a courtier of Perseus, +29+, 4, 8
Poliasium, in Laconia, +16+, 16
Polichna, a town in Laconia, +4+, 36
Polyaenus, of Cyprus, +11+, 18
Polyaenus, an Achaean, +28+, 6
Polyaratus, of Rhodes, +27+, 7, 14; +28+, 2; +29+, 27; +30+, 6, 7, 9
Polybius, of Megalopolis (not the historian), +11+, 15
Polybius, of Megalopolis, son of Lycortas, the historian, writes to instruct the Greeks and of contemporary events or those immediately preceding him, +1+, 3, 4; +4+, 2;
extent and scope of his history, +3+, 32;
his authorities for the Hannibalian war, +3+, 48;
his travels, +3+, 59;
interviews with Massanissa, +9+, 25;
his code of signals, +10+, 45;
his visits to Locri Epizephyrii, +12+, 5;
to Sardis, +21+, 38;
writes to Zeno of Rhodes, +16+, 20;
ambassador to Ptolemy Epiphanes B.C. 181, +24+, 6;
accused of hostility to Rome, +28+, 3;
hipparch, +28+, 6;
speech on the honours of Eumenes, +28+, 7;
ambassador to Marcius Philippus, +28+, 13, 14;
invited to Alexandria, +29+, 23-26;
advice to Demetrius Soter in Rome (B.C. 162), +31+, 19-21;
his intimacy with Scipio Aemilianus, +32+, 8-16;
visits Alexandria, +34+, 14;
tries to influence Cato, +35+, 5;
pleads in the Senate, +35+, 6;
sent for by the Consul Manius Manilius, +37+, 3;
the only man so called, +37+, 4, but _see_ +11+, 15;
his view of Providence, +37+, 9;
at the siege and capture of Carthage, +39+, 3;
at the burning of Corinth, +39+, 13;
saves the statues of Philopoemen, +39+, 14;
refuses confiscated goods, +39+, 15;
employed in settlement of Achaia, +39+, 16;
his fondness for hunting, +31+, 22; +32+, 15
Polycletus, of Cyrene, +7+, 2
Polycrates, of Argos, +5+, 64, 65, 82, 84; +15+, 29; +18+, 54, 55; +22+, 7
Polycritus, an Aetolian, +9+, 34
Polymedes, of Aegium, +5+, 17
Polyphontes, an officer of Philip V., +10+, 42
Polyphontes, of Sparta, +4+, 22
Polyrrhenii, a city in Crete, +4+, 53, 55, 61
Polyxenidas, of Rhodes, +10+, 29
Pompides, a Theban, +27+, 2
Pontus, the, _See_ Euxine;
Pontic fish, +31+, 24;
Cappadocia on the Pontus, +5+, 43
Popilius Laenas, Gaius, consul B.C. 172, 158, +28+, 3-5; +29+, 2, 27; +30+, 9, 17
Popilius Laenas, Marcus (? consul B.C. 139), +33+, 10
Popilius Laenas, the younger (? consul B.C. 132), +38+, 19
Porcius Cato, M., +31+, 24; +35+, 6; +36+, 8; +37+, 6; +39+, 12
Porphyrion, a town in Phoenicia, +5+, 68
Poseidon, +7+, 9;
temple of, at Mantinea, +9+, 8, 34;
at Taenarum, +9+, 34;
near Miletus, +16+, 12
Postumius Albinus Megellus, L., consul B.C. 262, +1+, 17-19
Postumius Albinus, L., consul B.C. 229, +2+, 11, 12; +3+, 106, 118 (wrongly called Aulus in +2+, 11)
Postumius Albinus, Aulus, consul B.C. 180, +25+, 6; +27+, 3
Postumius Albinus, Aulus, consul B.C. 151, +33+, 1, 13; +35+, 3; +39+, 12
Pothine, a flute-girl, +14+, 11
Pothion, of Rhodes, +22+, 5
_Pound_, weight of a Roman, +21+, 45
Praeneste, in Latium (_Palestrina_), +6+, 14
_Praetorium_, +6+, 27, 33, 35, 41
Praetutianus ager, in Picenum, +3+, 88
Prasiae, a town in Laconia, +4+, 36
Pration, a Rhodian, +28+, 23
Priene, a city of Ionia, +33+, 6
Prinassus, a city of Caria, +16+, 11
Prion. _See_ Saw
Proagoras, of Megalopolis, +13+, 8
Proander, an Aetolian, +28+, 4
Prolaus, of Sicyon, +4+, 72
Pronni, harbour of Cephallenia, +5+, 3
Propontis, the (_Sea of Marmora_), +4+, 39, 43, 44; +16+, 29; +22+, 18
Propus, a place in Arcadia, +4+, 11
Prusias I., king of Bithynia _circ._ B.C. 220-180, +3+, 2; +4+, 47-52; +5+, 77, 90, 111
Prusias II., son of preceding, king of Bithynia B.C. 179-149, +3+, 3, 5; +15+, 23; +18+, 4, 5, 44; +21+, 11; +22+, 11, 20; +23+, 1, 3; +25+, 2; +30+, 19; +31+, 6, 9; +32+, 3, 5, 27, 28; +33+, 1, 9, 12, 13; +37+, 6
Prytanis, a Peripatetic philosopher, +5+, 93
_Prytanis_, a magistrate at Rhodes, +22+, 5
Pseudo-Philip, +37+, 1, 2, 9
Psophis, a city in Arcadia, +4+, 68-73
Ptolemais, a city in Phoenicia, +4+, 37; +5+, 61, 62, 71
Ptolemy Ceraunus, king of Thrace and Macedonia B.C. 281-280, son of Ptolemy I. of Egypt, +2+, 41; +9+, 35
Ptolemy I., son of Lagus, king of Egypt B.C. 323-285, +1+, 63; +2+, 41, 71, 67
Ptolemy II., Philadelphus, king of Egypt B.C. 286-247, +14+, 11; +15+, 25; +31+, 17; fr. xxvi.
Ptolemy III., Euergetes, king of Egypt B.C. 247-222, +2+, 47, 51, 63, 71; +4+, 1; +5+, 34, 35, 58; +15+, 25; +29+, 24
Ptolemy IV., Philopator, king of Egypt B.C. 222-205, +1+, 3; +2+, 71; +3+, 2; +4+, 2, 30, 37, 51; +5+, 1, 31, 34, 36, 38-40, 42, 45, 55, 57, 58, 61-68, 70, 79-87, 89, 100, 105-107; +8+, 17; +9+, 44; +11+, 4; +14+, 11, 12; +15+, 20, 25, 34; +18+, 1; +27+, 9; +39+, 19
Ptolemy V., Epiphanes, king of Egypt B.C. 205-181, +3+, 2; +15+, 20, 25-32; +16+, 22, 27, 34, 39; +18+, 1, 47, 49-51, 54, 55; +22+, 1, 3, 6, 7, 10, 12, 22; +24+, 6; +28+, 1, 20
Ptolemy VI., Philometor, king of Egypt B.C. 181-146, +27+, 13, 19; +28+, 1, 12, 17, 23; +29+, 23-27; +30+, 9, 17; +31+, 4, 18, 20, 22, 27, 28; +32+, 1; +33+, 8; +39+, 18
Ptolemy VII., Physcon, brother of preceding, joint king B.C. 170-154, king of Cyrene B.C. 154-146, sole king B.C. 146-117, +28+, 19, 20, 21; +29+, 23-25, 27; +30+, 17; +31+, 18, 26-28; +32+, 1; +33+, 8; +34+, 14
Ptolemy, son of Aeropus, an Aetolian, +16+, 18
Ptolemy, son of Agesarchus of Megalopolis, +15+, 25; +18+, 55; +27+, 13
Ptolemy, son of Eumenes, +18+, 53
Ptolemy, a courtier of Philip V., +5+, 25, 26
Ptolemy, commandant of Alexandria, +5+, 39
Ptolemy, a rhetorician, +28+, 19; +31+, 28
Ptolemy, son of Sosibius, +15+, 25; +16+, 22
Ptolemy Sympetesis, +31+, 27
Ptolemy, son of Thraseas, +5+, 61
Publicius Malleolus, Lucius, +37+, 6
Punic army, +1+, 19; +11+, 19; strength and courage compared with Italian, +6+, 52; stratagem, +3+, 78
Pupius, Lucius, +33+, 10
Puteoli (_Dicaearchia_), a city in Campania (_Pozzuoli_), +3+, 91
Pylon, on the Via Egnatia, +34+, 12
Pylus, a town in Messenia, +4+, 16, 25; +9+, 38; +18+, 42
Pyrenees, the, +3+, 35, 37, 39-41; +10+, 39, 40; +34+, 7, 10
Pyrgus, a town of Triphylia, +4+, 77, 80
Pyrrhias, an Aetolian, +5+, 30, 91, 92
Pyrrhicus, put to death by Philip V., +23+, 10
Pyrrhus, palace of, at Ambracia, +21+, 27;
camp of, in Laconia, +5+, 19
_See also_ +1+, 6, 7, 23; +2+, 20, 41; +3+, 25; +32+, 2; +7+, 4; +8+, 26; +12+, 4, 25_k_; +18+, 3, 28; fr. xi.
Pythagoreans, the, +2+, 39
Pytheas, a traveller and writer, +34+, 5, 10
Pytheas, of Thebes, +39+, 7, 9
_Pythia_, the, +10+, 2
Pythiades, an officer of Antiochus the Great, +5+, 46
Pythias, of Pellene, +4+, 72
Pythion, a spy, +13+, 5
Pythionicus, tomb of, at Tarentum, +8+, 30
Pytho, an ambassador from Prusias, +31+, 6
Pythodorus, of Lampsacus, +18+, 52
QUAESTOR, the, +6+, 13, 31, 32, 35
Quinctius Crispinus, Titus, consul B.C. 208, +10+, 32
Quinctius Flamininus, T., consul B.C. 198, +18+, 1-12, 18-27, 33, 34, 36-39, 42-47, 50; +20+, 7; +21+, 30; +22+, 4, 13; +23+, 3-5; +27+, 15;
declares Greece free, +18+, 46
Quinctius Flamininus, Lucius, consul B.C. 192, +21+, 32
Quinctius Flamininus, Titus (son of Titus above), consul B.C. 150, +33+, 10
Quintus, commissioner to Egypt, +31+, 18;
and to Rhodes, +33+, 15
Quirinus, +3+, 25
RABBATAMANA (_Philadelphia_), a town in Palestine, +5+, 71
Rhaeti, an Alpine tribe, +34+, 10
Rhaphia, a town in Palestine, +5+, 80, 85, 86, 107
Rhaucus, a town in Crete, +22+, 19; +31+, 1
Rhegium, a city of Bruttium (_Reggio_), +1+, 6-8, 10; +3+, 26; +5+, 110; +9+, 7, 9, 27; +10+, 1
Rhigosages, mercenary Gauls, +5+, 53
Rhinocolura, a town of Egypt, +5+, 80
Rhium, promontory and harbour of Achaia, +4+, 10, 19, 26; +5+, 28-30; +12+, 12_a_;
Aetolian Rhium (_Antirrhium_), +5+, 94
Rhium, the strait between Rhium and Antirrhium, +4+, 64
Rhizon, a city in Illyria, +2+, 11
Rhodes, island of, +4+, 50; +13+, 5; +16+, 34, 35; +22+, 5; +25+, 4-6; +28+, 2, 16, 17, 23; +29+, 3, 4, 11, 19; +30+, 5, 7-9; +32+, 4;
earthquake at, +5+, 88-90;
Rhodians, +3+, 2, 3; +4+, 19, 37, 47-53, 56; +5+, 24, 28, 63, 88-90, 100; +9+, 27; +11+, 4; +13+, 4, 5; +15+, 22, 23; +16+, 4-10, 14, 15, 24, 26, 28, 30, 31, 34, 35; +18+, 1, 2, 6, 8, 52; +21+, 7, 10, 17, 18, 22, 24, 25, 29-31, 45, 48; +22+, 5; +23+, 9; +25+, 4, 5; +27+, 3, 4, 7; +28+, 2, 16, 23; +29+, 3, 4, 10, 11, 19; +30+, 4-9, 20, 22; +31+, 2, 3, 6, 7, 15, 16, 25, 26; +33+, 4, 6, 13, 15, 16, 17;
Rhodian magistrates, navarch, +30+, 5;
prytanies, +13+, 5; +15+, 23; +22+, 5; +27+, 7; +29+, 10;
their attempts to end the Social War, +5+, 24, 100; +11+, 4;
accept money for the cost of education, +31+, 25
Rhodon, of Phocaea, +21+, 6
Rhodope, mountain, Thrace, +34+, 10
Rhodophon, of Rhodes, +27+, 7; +28+, 2; +30+, 5
Rhone, the, +2+, 15, 22, 34; +3+, 35, 37, 39, 41-49, 60, 61, 64, 76; +34+, 10
Rhositeles, of Sicyon, +22+, 3
Rhyncus, in Aetolia, +6+, 59
Romans, their language, +29+, 20;
their character, +1+, 20, 55, 59, 64; +8+, 3; +28+, 8; +32+, 9;
their treatment of the conquered, +18+, 37;
their ceremonies in proclaiming war, +13+, 3;
their _fides_, +20+, 9; +36+, 4;
their desire for wealth, +32+, 12, 13;
Roman constitution, +6+, 11-42;
compared with others, +6+, 43-56
_See also_ +1+, 3, 64; +3+, 2, 118; +5+, 111; +6+, 47, 50, 51-58; +8+, 3; +10+, 16; +21+, 13
Their readiness in adopting improvements, +6+, 25; fr. xxvii.;
their incorruptibility, +6+, 56;
decline in their character, +18+, 35; +32+, 11; cp. +37+, 1;
Magistrates, _see_ dictator, consul, tribune, aedile
Roman Empire, extent of, +1+, 2;
how acquired, +1+, 3, 64; +18+, 28;
the first step out of Italy, +1+, 5, 11;
effect of their eastern conquests, +18+, 35
Roman Army, +6+, 19-42;
the legion, +1+, 16, 26; +2+, 24; +3+, 72, 107; +6+, 19-21, 26, 30; +10+, 16; +28+, 17;
enrollment of, +6+, 19, 26;
officers of, military tribunes, +6+, 19-21, 27, 33, 37;
centurions, +6+, 24, 30, 36, 41;
equites in, +3+, 107; +6+, 19, 20, 25; +11+, 21;
pedites in, +3+, 107; +6+, 19, 21;
velites, +6+, 21, 22, 24, 33, 35; +11+, 22-24, 32; +15+, 9;
hastati, +6+, 21, 23, 29, 33; +15+, 9;
principes, +6+, 21, 23, 29, 33;
triarii, +6+, 21, 23, 29, 33, cp. +1+, 26;
socii, +1+, 24; +3+, 72, 107; +6+, 13, 21, 26, 30; +10+, 16;
extraordinarii, +6+, 26, 31;
maniples, +6+, 24; +11+, 23;
arms of, _galea_, +6+, 22, 23;
_gladius_, +2+, 30, 33; +6+, 23;
_lorica_, +6+, 23, 25;
_pilum_, +1+, 40; +6+, 23;
_scutum_, +2+, 30; +6+, 23-51;
compared with those of the Macedonians, +18+, 28-32
_See also_ +2+, 33; +13+, 3
Line of battle compared with the Macedonian, _ib._;
camp, formation of, +6+, 27-37, 41, 42
Roman fleet, the first, +1+, 20;
its increase, +1+, 25;
rapid building of, +1+, 38, 52;
its destruction, +1+, 52;
another built, +1+, 59;
losses of, in the first Punic war, +1+, 63
Rome, foundation of, fr. i.;
captured by the Gauls, +1+, 6; +2+, 18;
crowns in honour of, +32+, 3, 24;
colossal statue to, at Rhodes, +31+, 15
Ruscinus, (or -o), a river in Gaul (_Tet_), +34+, 10
SABINES, the, +2+, 24
Sagalassus, a city in Pisidia, +21+, 36
Saguntum, a city in Spain, +3+, 6, 8, 14-17, 20, 21, 29, 30, 61, 97-99; +4+, 28, 37, 66; +15+, 17
Sais, a city in Egypt, +22+, 7
Salassi, an Alpine tribe (_Val d’ Aosta_), +34+, 10
Salii, the, +21+, 13
Sallentini, a tribe in Calabria, +34+, 15
Salutis via, at Tarentum, +8+, 35
Samaria, city and district in Palestine, +5+, 71; +16+, 39
Sambucae, siege engines, +8+, 6-8
Samicum, a town in Triphylia, +4+, 77, 80
Samnites, the, +1+, 6; +2+, 19; +3+, 90-92; +9+, 5
Samos, island of, +3+, 2; +5+, 35; +16+, 2; +21+, 8
Samothrace, an island in the Aegean, +28+, 21; +29+, 8
Samus, a poet, +5+, 9; +23+, 10
Sangarius, a river of Asia Minor (_Sakari_), +21+, 37
Saperda, in Pisidia, +5+, 72
Sarapieium, in Thrace, +4+, 39
Sardanapalus, king of Assyria, +8+, 12; +37+, 7
Sardinia, +1+, 2, 10, 24, 43, 79, 82, 83, 88; +2+, 23, 27; +3+, 10, 13, 15, 22-24, 27, 28, 30, 75, 96; +12+, 4_c_; +34+, 8
Sardinian sea, the, +1+, 10, 42; +2+, 14; +3+, 37, 41, 47; +34+, 6
Sardis, in Lydia, +5+, 77; +7+, 15-18; +8+, 17, 23; +21+, 11, 13, 16, 38; +29+, 12; +31+, 10
_Sarissae_, Macedonian spears, +12+, 20; +18+, 26, 29
Sarsina, a town in Umbria (_Sarsina_), +2+, 24
Sason, an island off Illyria, +5+, 110
Saspiri, an Asian tribe, +5+, 44
Sation, a town in Illyria, +5+, 108
Satrapeii, an Asian tribe, +5+, 44
Satyrus, of Ilium, +22+, 5
Satyrus, an Achaean, +31+, 6
Saw, the, a place in Sardis, +7+, 15; another in Libya, +1+, 85
Scardus, a mountain in Illyria, +28+, 8
Scerdilaidas, an Illyrian general, +2+, 5, 6; +4+, 16, 29; +5+, 3, 4, 95, 101, 108, 110; +10+, 41
_Science, progress of_, +10+, 12
Scipio. _See_ Cornelius. Cp. +34+, 10;
pedigree of, vol. ii. p. 456
_See also_ fr. xc.-xciii.
Scironian rocks, the, +16+, 16
Scodra, a town in Illyria, +28+, 8
Scopas, an Aetolian, +4+, 5, 6, 9, 14, 16, 19, 27, 37, 62; +5+, 3, 11; +13+, 1, 2; +15+, 25; +16+, 18, 19, 39; +18+, 53-55
Scopium, near Phthiotid Thebes, +5+, 99
Scorpions, name for cross-bows, +8+, 7
Scotitas, a forest in Laconia, +16+, 37
Scotusa, a town in Thessaly, +16+, 42; +18+, 20
_Scurvy_, the, +3+, 87
Scylla, +34+, 2, 3;
promontory of (_Scilla_), +34+, 2, 3
Scyron, of Messenia, +4+, 4
Scythian colonnade at Syracuse, +8+, 5
Scythians, the, +4+, 43; +9+, 34
Scythopolis, a city in Palestine, +5+, 70
Segesama, a town in Spain, +34+, 9
Segesta, a city in Sicily, +1+, 24
Seleucia Pieria (Seleucia on the sea), a town in Syria, +5+, 58-61, 66, 67; +34+, 15
Seleucia, on the Tigris, +5+, 45, 46, 48, 54; +13+, 9
Seleucia, in Mesopotamia, +5+, 43
Seleucus I., Nicanor, king of Syria B.C. 306-280, +2+, 41, 71; +5+, 67; +10+, 27; +18+, 51; +28+, 20; +31+, 7
Seleucus II., Callinicus, son of Antiochus I., king of Syria B.C. 246-226, +2+, 71; +4+, 48, 51; +5+, 40, 89; +8+, 22
Seleucus III., Ceraunus, son of the preceding, king of Syria B.C. 226-223, +2+, 71; +4+, 1, 2, 48; +5+, 34, 40, 41
Seleucus IV., Philopator, son of Antiochus the Great, king of Syria B.C. 188-175, +18+, 51; +21+, 6, 8, 10; +22+, 1, 10-13; +23+, 5; +31+, 12
Selge, a city in Pisidia, +5+, 72-77; +31+, 9
Selinus, a city in Sicily, +1+, 39
Sellasia, a town in Laconia, +2+, 65; +4+, 69; +16+, 16, 37
Selybria, a city in Thrace, +18+, 49
Sempronius Blaesus, Gaius, consul B.C. 253, +1+, 39
Sempronius, Longus, Ti., consul B.C. 218, +3+, 40, 41, 61, 68-75; +4+, 66; +5+, 1
Sempronius, Gracchus, Ti., consul B.C. 215, 213, +8+, 1
Sempronius, Gracchus, Ti., consul B.C. 177, son-in-law of Africanus, +22+, 9, _note_; +25+, 1, 4; +31+, 5-7, 9, 14, 23; +32+, 3-5, 13; +35+, 2
Sena, a Roman colony in Cisalpine Gaul (_Sinigaglia_), +2+, 14, 16, 19; +34+, 11
Senate, the Roman, +3+, 20; +6+, 13, 16, 17;
the Spartan, +4+, 35; +6+, 45
Senones, a tribe of Cisalpine Gauls, +2+, 17, 19, 20
Sentinum, a town in Umbria (_Sentino_), +2+, 19
Serapis, +4+, 39
Sergius, Lucius, +15+, 1, 2
Sergius, Manius, +31+, 9
Serippus, a Lacedaemonian, +23+, 4, 9
Servilius Caepio, Gnaeus, consul B.C. 253, +1+, 39
Servilius Caepio, Gnaeus, consul B.C. 203, +14+, 1
Servilius Geminus, Gnaeus, consul B.C. 217, +3+, 75, 77, 86, 88, 96, 97, 106, 107, 114, 116
Servilius Geminus, Gnaeus, consul B.C. 203, +14+, 1
Servilius Glaucia, +31+, 23
Sestus, a city in Thrace, +4+, 44, 50; +16+, 29; +18+, 2; +34+, 7
Sibyrtus, of Epirus, +21+, 26
Sicca, a town near Carthage, +1+, 66, 67
Sicily, the war for, +1+, 13, 63, 83; +3+, 3, 9, 21, 22, 25, 27, 32, 37; +5+, 33; +39+, 19;
its position, +1+, 42
_See also_ +1+, 2, 5, 8, 10, 11, 16-74, 83; +2+, 1, 24, 36, 37, 43; +3+, 3, 13, 21-29, 32, 75, 96, 108; +5+, 33; +12+, 4, 25_k_, 26_b_; +28+, 2; +34+, 2-4, 11, 15; +36+, 5; +39+, 19
Sicilian Strait, the, +1+, 7, 11, 20, 21, 38, 49; +10+, 1; +5+, 110; +34+, 6
Sicilian medimnus, +2+, 15; +9+, 44; +34+, 8
Sicilian Sea, the, +1+, 42; +2+, 14, 16; +4+, 63; +5+, 3, 5; +10+, 1; +12+, 4; +34+, 11
Sicilians, the, +1+, 16; +2+, 20; +3+, 2; +5+, 104; +12+, 5, 6; +24+, 15
Sicyon, a city in Achaia, +2+, 43, 52, 54; +4+, 8, 13, 57, 67, 68; +5+, 1, 27; +10+, 22; +18+, 16; +23+, 17; +28+, 13; +29+, 24; +30+, 10, 23
Sida, a city of Pisidia, +5+, 73; +31+, 26
Sidon, a city in Phoenicia, +5+, 69, 70
_Signals_ by fire, +10+, 43-47; cp. +1+, 19; +8+, 30
_Silver_, value of, compared with gold, +21+, 32
Attic, +21+, 32, 45;
mines of, in Spain, +3+, 57; +10+, 10; +24+, 9
Simias, an Achaean, +11+, 18
Simon, a Boeotian, +22+, 4
Simonides, of Ceos, +29+, 26
Sinda, a town of Pisidia, +21+, 35
Sinope, a city of Paphlagonia, +4+, 56, 57; +23+, 9
Sinuessa, a city in Latium (_Mondragone_), +3+, 91
Sipontum, a city in Apulia, on the Adriatic (_Sta. Maria di Siponto_), +10+, 1
Sirynx, a city in Hyrcania, +10+, 31
_Six-banked ships_, +1+, 26; fr. xvii.
Smyrna, a city in Ionia, +5+, 77; +18+, 52; +21+, 13, 14, 17, 22, 48
Socrates, a Boeotian, +5+, 63, 65, 82
Socrates, a trainer, +27+, 7
Soli, a city in Cilicia, +21+, 24
Solon, a Macedonian, +27+, 6
Sophagasenus, an Indian king, +11+, 34
Sosander, friend of Attalus II., +32+, 27
Sosibius, a friend of Ptolemy Philopator, +5+, 35-38, 63, 65-67, 83, 85, 87; +8+, 17-19; +15+, 25, 32, 34
Sosibius, son of the preceding, +15+, 32; +16+, 22
Sosicrates, Achaean sub-Strategus, +39+, 11
Sosigenes, of Rhodes, +28+, 7
Sosiphanes, ambassador from Antiochus Epiphanes, +28+, 1, 22
Sostratus, a statuary, +4+, 78
Sostratus, of Calchedon, +8+, 24
Sosylus, an historian, +3+, 20
Sparta. _See_ Lacedaemon
Spendius, a leader in the mercenary war, +1+, 69, 70, 76-80, 82, 84, 86
_Stade_, a, +3+, 39; +34+, 12 _note_
Stair, the, a pass near Selge in Pisidia, +5+, 72
Stasinus, a poet, +23+, 10
Stephanus, of Athens, +32+, 17
Stertinius, Lucius, +18+, 48
Sthembanus, son of Massanissa, +37+, 10
Sthenelaus, of Sparta, +4+, 22
Stratius, of Tritaea, +28+, 6; +32+, 7; +38+, 11; +39+, 10
Stratius, a physician, +30+, 2
Strato, of Lampsacus, +12+, 25_c_
Stratocles, prytanis of Rhodes, +27+, 7
Stratonicea, a city in Caria, +30+, 22; +31+, 7
Stratus, a city in Acarnania, +4+, 63, 64; +5+, 6, 7, 13, 14, 96; +6+, 59; +18+, 10
Stratus, a town in Arcadia, +4+, 73
Strymon, the, river in Thrace, +37+, 2
Stubera, a town in Macedonia, +28+, 8
Stylangium, a town in Triphylia, +4+, 77, 80
Stymphalus, a city in Arcadia, +2+, 55; +4+, 68, 69
_Sub-strategus_, the Achaean, +5+, 94
_Suffete_, a Carthaginian magistrate, +3+, 33, 42; +6+, 51
Sulpicius Paterculus, Gaius, consul B.C. 258, +1+, 24
Sulpicius Galba, Publius, consul B.C. 211, 200, +8+, 3; +9+, 6, 7, 42; +10+, 41; +16+, 24; +18+, 23; +22+, 11
Sulpicius Gallus, Gaius, +31+, 9, 10
Sunium, promontory of Attica, +34+, 7
Susa, capital of Susiana, +5+, 48;
Susiana, +5+, 46, 52, 54
Sybaris, a city of Magna Graecia, +2+, 39; +7+, 1
Sycurium, a town in Thessaly, +27+, 8
Syleium, a city in Phrygia, +21+, 34
Synes, near Messene in Sicily, +1+, 11
Syphax, king of Numidia, +11+, 24; +14+, 1-9; +15+, 3-5; +16+, 23
His wife Sophanisba, +14+, 1, 7
Syracuse, +1+, 8-12, 15, 16, 43, 52-54, 62; +5+, 88; +8+, 5-9, 37; +9+, 10, 19; +12+, 4_d_, 15, 23, 25, 26; +15+, 35
Syria, +2+, 71; +3+, 5; +4+, 2, 48; +5+, 36, 43, 57, 58, 85, 87; +9+, 43; +12+, 17; +21+, 46; +28+, 1, 20; +29+, 27; +31+, 11, 13, 19-21; +32+, 6; +33+, 19; +34+, 15; +39+, 18, 19
Syrinx, a covered way at Alexandria, +15+, 30, 31
Syrinx, a town in Hyrcania, +10+, 31
Syrtes, the, +12+, 1;
the greater Syrtis, +3+, 39;
the lesser, +1+, 39; +3+, 23; +32+, 2; +34+, 15
TABAE, a city in Persia, +31+, 11
Taenarum, a promontory of Laconia (_C. Matapan_), +5+, 19; +9+, 34
Tagae, a city in Parthia, +10+, 29
Tagus, river in Spain, +3+, 14; +10+, 7, 39; +34+, 7
_Talent_ (weight), +4+, 56; +5+, 89; +9+, 41; _See_ +34+, 8 _note_
_Talent_ (money), +5+, 89; +22+, 12. _See Euboic, Attic_
Tambrax, a town in Hyrcania, +10+, 31
Tanais (the Don), +3+, 37, 38; +34+, 5, 7; confused with the Jaxartes, +10+, 48
Tannetus, a hamlet in Cisalpine Gaul, +3+, 40
Tantalus, +4+, 45
Tapuri, a Median tribe, +5+, 44; Tapuria, +10+, 49
Tarentines, _i.e._ mercenary cavalry, +4+, 77; +11+, 12; +16+, 18
Tarentum, a city in Italy (_Taranto_), +1+, 6, 20; +2+, 24; +3+, 75, 118; +8+, 26-36; +9+, 9; +10+, 1; +13+, 4; +29+, 12
Tarquinius Priscus (+6+, 2), fr. vi.
Tarracina, a city in Latium (_Terracina_), +3+, 22, 24
Tarraco, a city in Spain (_Tarragona_), +3+, 76, 95; +10+, 20, 34, 40; +11+, 33
Tarseium, a town in Spain (_Tartessus_), +3+, 24, 33
Taurini, a Gallic tribe in the valley of the Po, +3+, 60; +34+, 10
Taurion, minister of Philip V., +4+, 6, 10, 19, 80, 87; +5+, 27, 92, 95, 103; +8+, 14; +9+, 23
Taurisci, an Alpine tribe, +2+, 15, 28, 30
Taurisci Norici, a tribe near Aquileia, +34+, 10
Taurus, mountain in Asia Minor, +4+, 48; +5+, 40, 41, 107, 109; +10+, 28;
as a boundary of Asia from Syria and other kingdoms, +3+, 3; +4+, 2, 48; +5+, 40, 77; +8+, 22; +11+, 34; +21+, 14, 17, 21, 24, 43, 48
Taygetus, mountain in the Peloponnese, +34+, 10
Teanum Sidicinum, a city in Campania (_Teano_), +3+, 91
Tectosages, a Gallic tribe in Asia Minor, +21+, 39
Tegea, a city in Arcadia, +2+, 46, 54, 58, 70; +4+, 22, 23, 82; +5+, 17, 18, 20, 24, 92; +9+, 28; +11+, 11, 18; +16+, 17, 36, 37; +18+, 14; +38+, 8, 9
Tegean gate at Messene, +16+, 17
Telamon, on the coast of Etruria (_Telamone_), +2+, 27
Teleas, an ambassador of King Euthydemus, +11+, 34
Telecles, of Aegium, +32+, 7; +33+, 1
Telecles, of Megalopolis, +33+, 3
Teledamus, of Argos, +18+, 14
Telemnastus, of Crete, +29+, 4; +33+, 16
Telephus, of Rhodes, +29+, 10
Telmissus, a city of Lycia, +21+, 48
Telocritus, an Achaean, +28+, 12
Telphusa, a city in Arcadia, +2+, 54; +4+, 60, 77
Temenid gates at Tarentum, +8+, 27, 30
Temnus, a city in Aeolis, +5+, 77; +32+, 27
Tempe, in Thessaly, +18+, 27, 33, 36, 48; +22+, 1
Tenedos, island of, +16+, 34; +27+, 7
Teos, a city in Ionia, +5+, 77
Terentius Varro, Gaius, consul B.C. 216, +3+, 106, 110-117; +5+, 108
Terentius, Lucius, +18+, 48, 50
Termessus, a city in Pisidia, +21+, 35
Tetrapyrgia, in Cyrene, +31+, 27
Teuta, queen of Illyria, +2+, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12
Thalamae, a town in Laconia, +16+, 16
Thalamae, a fort in Elis, +4+, 75, 84
Thasos, island of, +15+, 24; +18+, 44, 48, 50
Theaetetus, of Rhodes, +22+, 5; +27+, 14; +28+, 2, 16; +29+, 11; +30+, 5, 22
Thearches, of Cleitor, +2+, 55
Thearidas, an Achaean, +32+, 17; +38+, 8
Thebe, a city in Mysia, +16+, 1; +21+, 10
Thebes, in Boeotia, +2+, 39, 62; +4+, 23, 27, 31; +5+, 10, 27, 28; +9+, 8, 28, 34, 39; +12+, 25; +20+, 5, 7; +27+, 1, 2, 5; +28+, 3; +38+, 4; +39+, 9, 12;
constitution of, +6+, 43
Thebes, Phthiotid, in Thessaly, +5+, 99-101; +18+, 3, 8, 19, 38, 47
Themison, an officer of Antiochus the Great, +5+, 79, 82
Themistes, of Alexandria Troas, +5+, 111
Themistocles, of Athens, +6+, 44
Themistocles, an officer of Achaeus, +5+, 77
Theodectes, an Achaean, +39+, 10
Theodoridas, of Sicyon, +22+, 3; +29+, 23
Theodorus, a Boeotian flute-player, +30+, 14
Theodotus, an Aetolian, +4+, 37; +5+, 40, 46, 61, 62, 66, 67, 79, 81; +7+, 16, 18
Theodotus Hemiolius, +5+, 42, 43, 45, 59, 68, 69, 71, 79, 83, 87
Theodotus, of Epirus, +27+, 16; +30+, 7
Theodotus, of Pherae, +18+, 10
Theogeiton, a Boeotian, +18+, 14
Theognetus, of Abydus, +16+, 33
Theophanes, of Rhodes, +33+, 16
Theophiliscus, of Rhodes, +16+, 2, 4, 5, 9
Theophrastus, a Peripatetic philosopher, +12+, 11, 23
Theopompus, of Chios, historian, +8+, 11-13; +12+, 4_a_, 25, 27; +16+, 12
Theopompus, a flute-player, +30+, 14
Theoprosopon, a promontory in Phoenicia, +5+, 68
Theotimus, a friend of Orophernes, +32+, 25
Theris, ambassador from Antiochus Epiphanes, +28+, 20
Thermae (or Therma), a town in Sicily, +1+, 24, 39
Thermopylae, +2+, 52; +10+, 41
Thermus, capital of the Aetolian League, +5+, 6-9, 13, 18; +7+, 13; +9+, 30; +11+, 7; +28+, 3;
assemblies at, +5+, 8; +18+, 48; +28+, 4
Thersitae, a tribe in Spain, +3+, 33
Thersites, +12+, 26_b_
Thesmophoreium, temple of Demeter, +15+, 29, 33
Thespiae, a city in Boeotia, +27+, 1
Thessalians, +4+, 9, 76; +9+, 28, 33, 38; +11+, 5; +16+, 32; +18+, 3, 11, 46, 47; +22+, 1, 9; +23+, 1; +25+, 6; +30+, 7; +37+, 2;
Thessalian cavalry, +4+, 8; +18+, 22
Thessalonica, a city in Macedonia, +22+, 1, 15; +29+, 4; +34+, 7, 12
Thessaly, +2+, 49, 52; +4+, 57, 61, 62, 66, 67; +5+, 5, 17, 26, 29, 99, 100; +18+, 3, 14, 27, 38; +20+, 13; +22+, 1; +27+, 16; +28+, 3, 12, 13; +29+, 19; +39+, 2
Thestia (or Thestieis), a town in Aetolia, +5+, 7
Thetis, temple of, at Pharsalus, +18+, 20, 21
Thoas, an Aetolian, +21+, 17, 31, 45; +28+, 4
Thoas, an agent between Perseus and Rhodes, +30+, 8
Thrace, +4+, 39, 44, 45; +5+, 34, 74; +18+, 49; +22+, 15, 17; +23+, 8; +24+, 3; +34+, 7, 10;
Greek cities in, +9+, 28; +18+, 48, 51; +22+, 1, 9, 17; +23+, 8
Thracians, the, mercenaries, +5+, 65, 79, 82; +31+, 3
_See also_ +4+, 38, 45, 46, 51, 66; +5+, 7; +8+, 24; +10+, 41; +18+, 4, 22, 37; +21+, 49; +22+, 17, 18; +23+, 10; +34+, 7; +39+, 2
Thraseas, an Alexandrian, +5+, 65
Thrason, of Syracuse, +7+, 2
Thrasycrates, of Rhodes, +11+, 4
Thrasylochus of Messene, +18+, 14
Thrasymene Lake, the, +3+, 82, 84, 108; +5+, 101; +15+, 11
Thronium, a city of the Epicnemidian Locrians, +9+, 41; +18+, 9
Thucydides, the historian, +8+, 13
Thule, island of, +34+, 5
Thuria, a town in Messenia, +23+, 17
Thurii, in Magna Graecia, +8+, 26; +10+, 1
Thyateira, a town in Lydia, +16+, 1; +32+, 27
Thyestes, of Sparta, +4+, 22
Thyreum, a town in Arcadia, +4+, 6, 25; +18+, 10; +21+, 29; +28+, 5
Tiber, the, +6+, 2, 55; +31+, 20, 22; +35+, 2
Tiboetes, uncle of Prusias I., +4+, 50-52
Tibur (_Tivoli_), +6+, 14
Ticinus, a river in Cisalpine Gaul, +3+, 64; +34+, 10
Tigris, the, +5+, 45, 46, 48, 51, 52
Timaeus, of Tauromenium in Sicily, the historian, +1+, 5; +2+, 16; +8+, 12;
criticism of, +12+, 3-15, 23-28; +34+, 10; +39+, 19
Timaeus, an Aetolian, +4+, 34; +9+, 34
Timagoras, a Rhodian admiral, +27+, 7
Timagoras, another Rhodian, a captain of a vessel, +27+, 7
Timarchus, a Cretan, +4+, 53
Timocrates, of Pellene, +18+, 17
Timolas, of Boeotia, +18+, 14
Timolaus, of Sparta, +20+, 12
Timoleon, of Corinth, +12+, 23, 25, 25_k_, 26
Timotheus, ambassador from Ptolemy Philometor, +28+, 1
Timotheus, ambassador from Orophernes, +32+, 24
Timotheus, of Miletus, +4+, 20
Timoxenus, Achaean Strategus B.C. 216, +2+, 53; +4+, 6, 7, 82; +5+, 106
Tisaeus, Mt., in Thessaly, +10+, 42
Tisamenus, king of Achaia, +2+, 41; +4+, 1
Tisippus, an Aetolian, +30+, 13
Titti, a Spanish tribe, +35+, 2
Tium, a city in Bithynia, +25+, 2
Tlepolemus, commandant of Pelusium, +15+, 25-27, 29; +16+, 21, 22
Tlepolemus, ambassador from Ptolemy Physcon, +28+, 19
Tolistobogii, a tribe in Galatia, +21+, 37
_Torches._ _See_ Signals; used for starting horse races, fr. lxiv.
Torus, a hill near Agrigentum, +1+, 19
Tower, the, +5+, 102 _See_ Perippia.
Tragiscus, of Tarentum, +8+, 29, 30
Tragyrium, a city in Illyria, +32+, 18
Tralles, a city in Caria, +21+, 48
Trebia, a river in Cisalpine Gaul, +3+, 67-69, 72; battle of, +3+, 72-74, 108; +15+, 11
Trench, the, in Messenia, +4+, 33
Triarii. _See_ Roman Army
Tribuni militum. _See_ Roman Army; Tribuni plebi, +3+, 87; +6+, 12, 16; +30+, 4
Trichonium, a town in Aetolia, +5+, 7
Trichonian lake, the, in Aetolia, +5+, 7; +11+, 7
Trieres, a town in Phoenicia, +5+, 68
Trigaboli, at the head of the delta of the Po, +2+, 16
Triphylia, a district in the Peloponnese, +4+, 77, 79-81; +5+, 27; +18+, 42, 47
Triphylus, son of Arcas, +4+, 77
Tripolis, a district of Laconia, +4+, 81
Tritaea, a city of Achaia, +2+, 41; +4+, 6, 59; +5+, 95
Triton, +7+, 9
Triumph, a, +6+, 15. _See_ +3+, 19 (Paullus); +4+, 66; +11+, 33 (Scipio); +21+, 24 (L. and P. Scipio and L. Aemilius); +30+, 14 (L. Anicius)
Troas, +5+, 111. _See_ Alexandria
Trocmi, a tribe of Galatia, +31+, 13
Troezen, a city of Argolis, +2+, 52
Trojan war, the, +34+, 2; Trojans, the, +12+, 4_b_
Tunes, a city in Africa (_Tunis_), +1+, 30, 67, 69, 73, 76, 77, 79, 84-86; +14+, 10; +15+, 1
Turdetani, a Spanish tribe, +34+, 9
Turduli, a Spanish tribe, +34+, 9
Tychaeus, a Numidian, +15+, 3
Tychon, officer of Antiochus the Great, +5+, 54
Tylis, a town in Thrace, +4+, 46
Tylus, an island in the Arabian Gulf, +13+, 9
Tyndaris, a city in Sicily, +1+, 25, 27
Typaneae, a town in Triphylia, +4+, 77-79
_Tyranny_, +5+, 11; +6+, 3, 7, 8
Tyrrhenian Sea, +1+, 10; +2+, 14, 16; +3+, 61, 110; +34+, 6, 10
Tyre, +3+, 24; +4+, 37; +5+, 61, 62, 70; +16+, 22; +31+, 20
ULYSSES, +9+, 16; +12+, 27; +34+, 2-4; +35+, 6
Umbrians, the, +2+, 16, 24; +3+, 86
Utica, a city of Africa, +1+, 70, 73-76, 82, 83, 88; +14+, 1-3, 6-10; +15+, 2; +36+, 3, 6; +38+, 1
VACCAEI, a Spanish tribe, +3+, 5, 14; +34+, 9
Vadimonian Lake, the, in Etruria, +2+, 20
Valerius Flaccus, L., consul B.C. 261, +1+, 20
Valerius Flaccus, L., consul B.C. 195, +20+, 9, 10
Valerius Laevinus, M., consul B.C. 210, +8+, 3; +9+, 27; +21+, 29
Valerius Laevinus, C., son of the preceding, consul suff. B.C. 176, +21+, 29, 31
Valerius Maximus Messala, Manius, consul B.C. 263, +1+, 16, 17
Velia, a city in Lucania, +1+, 20
Velites. _See_ Roman Army
Veneti, a tribe of Cisalpine Gauls, +2+, 17, 18, 23, 24
Venusia, a city of Apulia, +3+, 90, 116, 117
Verbanus lacus (_Lago Maggiore_), +34+, 10
Vesta, +5+, 93
Vestini, a people of central Italy, +2+, 24
Vibo, a town in Bruttium (Hipponium, _Bivona_), +3+, 88
Villius Tapulus, P., consul B.C. 199, +18+, 48, 50
Vulturnus, a river in Samnium, +3+, 92
WALL, the, a fort near Dyme, +4+, 59, 83
Walls, the Two, a fort in Mysia, +5+, 77
_Walls_, scribbling on, +5+, 33
White Rock, the, +3+, 53; cp. +10+, 30
_World_, divisions of, +3+, 37; +12+, 25
XANTHIPPUS, of Sparta, +1+, 32-36
Xanthus, Macedonian hero, +23+, 10
Xanthus, a city in Lycia, +25+, 4
Xenarchus, an Achaean, +23+, 4
Xenis, a road near Mantinea, +11+, 11
Xeno, of Aegium, +32+, 7; +33+, 1
Xeno, tyrant of Hermione, +2+, 44
Xeno, of Patrae, +28+, 6
Xeno, an officer of Antiochus the Great, +5+, 42, 43, 45
Xenoetas, an Achaean, +5+, 45-48
Xenophanes, of Athens, +7+, 9
Xenophantus, of Rhodes, +4+, 50
Xenophon, the Athenian historian, +3+, 6; +6+, 45; +10+, 20
Xenophon, of Aegium, +18+, 1, 10; +28+, 19
Xerxes, king of Persia, +3+, 22; +6+, 11; +9+, 38; +38+, 4
Xerxes, a prince of Armosata, +8+, 25
ZABDIDELUS, an Arabian, +5+, 79
Zacynthus, island of (_Zante_), +5+, 4, 102
Zagrus, a mountain in Media, +5+, 44, 54, 55
Zaleucus, legislator of the Locrians, +12+, 16
Zama, battle of, +15+, 5-16
Zarax, a town in Laconia, +4+, 36
Zariaspa, a town of Bactriana, +10+, 49
Zarzas, a Libyan, +1+, 84, 85
Zelys, of Gortyn in Crete, +5+, 79
Zeno, of Rhodes, an historian, +16+, 14-17, 20
Zeugma, a bridge of boats across the Euphrates, +5+, 43
Zeus, Homarius, +2+, 39; +5+, 93; Idaeus, +28+, 14; Lycaeus, +4+, 33; Olympius, +9+, 27; +26+, 1; +39+, 17; Atabyrius, +9+, 27; temple of, at Selge (Cesbedium), +5+, 76; precinct of, in Arcadia, +16+, 12; statue of, by Pheidias, +30+, 10; worshipped by the Carthaginians, +3+, 11; +7+, 9 _See also_ +4+, 33; +7+, 9, 11; +12+, 26; +30+, 10
Zeuxippus, of Boeotia, +18+, 43; +22+, 4
Zeuxis, an officer of Antiochus the Great, +5+, 45-48, 51-54, 60
_See also_ +16+, 1, 24; +21+, 16, 17, 24
Zodiac, signs of the, +9+, 15
Zoippus, of Syracuse, +7+, 2
THE END
_Printed by_ R. & R. CLARK, _Edinburgh_