CHAPTER XIV

THE RESTORATION OF THE BOURBONS (1814-1902 A.D.) 375

The reign of terror, 379. The tyrannies of Ferdinand “the Desired,” 380. A serial revolution, 382. Châteaubriand’s account of the chaos, 386. Civil war, 387. Intervention of the Holy Alliance, 389. The French invasion, 390. The return of Ferdinand, 392. Rise of Carlism, 395. War of the Christinos and Carlists, 396. The stormy regency of Christina, 398. Espartero regent, 399. The profligate queen Isabella II, 399. The rebellion of 1868, 402. Pirala on the “Mild Anarchy” of 1869, 403. Estimate of Cherbuliez of General Prim, 404. The hunt for a king, 406. Amadeo’s reign and the republic, 407. Republican Spain under Castelar, 411. The Basques and Carlism, 412. The dictatorship of Serrano, 414. The Bourbon Alfonso XII elected, 416. Alfonso XII and the European powers, 418. The regency of Maria Christina, 418.

BRIEF REFERENCE-LIST OF AUTHORITIES BY CHAPTERS 422

## BOOK II. THE HISTORY OF PORTUGAL FROM THE EARLIEST

TIMES TO THE PRESENT

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