Part II
., chap, i.), how she corrected the last proof of l'_Allemagne_ on the 23rd of September 1810, and how she made a list of one hundred persons to whom she wished to send copies in different parts of France and Europe.--B.]
[Footnote 388: October 1810. The three volumes of l'_Allemagne_ were hardly printed, when the Duc de Rovigo, the Minister of Police, sent his agents to destroy the ten thousand copies that had been struck off, and served an order on the author to leave France within three days. Having read in the newspapers that some American ships had arrived in the Channel ports, Madame de Staël decided to make use of a passport which she had for America, hoping that it would be possible for her to land in England. She required a few days, in any case, to prepare for the voyage, and she was obliged to apply to the Minister of Police for those few days. In a letter dated 3 October 1810, Rovigo allowed her eight days and said:
"It appears to me that the air of this country does not suit you, and we are not yet reduced to looking for models in the peoples which you admire. Your last work is un-French; I myself stopped the printing.... I am instructing M. Corbigny [the Prefect of Loir-et-Cher] to attend to the execution of the order which I have given him, when the delay which I am granting you has expired."
The letter of the Minister of Police ends with this postscript:
"I have my reasons, madame, for mentioning to you the ports of Lorient, the Rochelle, Bordeaux and Rochefort as the only ports at which you can embark. I request you to let me know which you select."
The Channel ports were forbidden to Madame de Staël, in order to prevent her from going to England. So soon as Coppet became the sole alternative to America, she determined to go back to Coppet, where she arrived in the latter half of October 1810.--B.]
[Footnote 389: The order of banishment was issued against Madame Récamier and M. Mathieu de Montmorency in September 1811.--B.]
[Footnote 390: On arriving at Châlons, she first put up at the inn of the Pomme d'Or, which she soon left to take a small apartment in the Rue du Cloître.--B.]
[Footnote 391: The Château de Montmirail, the magnificent habitation of the La Rochefoucauld-Doudeauvilles, in the Department of the Marne.--B.]
[Footnote 392: M. de Rocca (1784-1818), a young officer eighteen years Madame de Staël's junior. He survived her one year only.--T.]
[Footnote 393: Auguste Louis de Staël Holstein ( 1790-1827), Madame de Staël's eldest son.--B.]
[Footnote 394: This note, of which Chateaubriand does not give the date, was written when Madame de Staël was on the point of setting out from Switzerland for Germany. She left Coppet on the 23rd of May 1812.--B.]
[Footnote 395: Madame de Staël's youngest son was killed in a duel, in 1813.--B.]
[Footnote 396: Madame Récamier left Châlons in June 1812, to go to Lyons to stay with Madame Delphin-Récamier, a sister of her husband's.--B.]
[Footnote 397: The Duchesse de Chevreuse, _née_ Norbonne-Pelet, married to the Duc de Chevreuse, son to the Duc de Luynes. Her father-in-law was compelled to accept a senatorship, in 1803, and she obliged, in 1806, to consent to become one of the Empress Joséphine's ladies. Two years later, when the Spanish Royal Family were arrested, the Emperor wished to place the Duchesse de Chevreuse with the captive Queen; the duchess replied that she could be a prisoner, but would never be a gaoler. This proud answer procured her exile, which eventually resulted in her death.--B.]
[Footnote 398: In the spring of 1813.--B.]
[Footnote 399: Amélie Lenormant, adopted daughter of Madame Récamier, and married to M. Charles Lenormant.--T.]
[Footnote 400: Jacques Marquet de Montbreton, Baron de Norvins (1769-1854), author of a now forgotten History of Napoleon (1827).--B.]
[Footnote 401: Benvenuto Cellini (1500-1571), the famous Italian sculptor and artificer in gold and silver. _Cf._ his Autobiography, one of the most famous of Italian classics, circulated in MS. until it was first printed in 1730, translated into German by Goethe and into English by, _inter alios_, the late John Addington Symonds.--T.]
[Footnote 402: Francesco Petrarca (1304-1374), one of the chief names in Tuscan literature.--T.]
[Footnote 403: The Albano fisherman was shot in September 1813; one month later, in October of the same year, Napoleon lost his Empire on the plains of Leipzig.--B.]
[Footnote 404: Madame de Beaumont.--_Author's Note._]
[Footnote 405: Madame Récamier went to Naples at the beginning of December 1813.--B.]
[Footnote 406: Murat, the son of an inn-keeper, had commenced life as a postilion.--T.]
[Footnote 407: The Gauls planted a bare sword to mark the centre of the _Mallus_, or council. The _mallus_ survives in our modern word mall, a space bordered with trees.--B.]
[Footnote 408: Caroline Murat, Queen of Naples (1782-1839), sister of Napoleon Bonaparte, and married to Joachim Murat in 1800.--T.]
[Footnote 409: Publius Virgilius Maro (B.C. 70--B.C. 19), died at Brundisium in Calabria, and was buried at Parthenope (Naples). Virgil's tomb bears an inscription composed by himself in his last moments:--
_Mantua me genuit; Calabri rapuere; tenet nunc_ _Parthenope: cecini pascua, rura, duces_.--T.
]
[Footnote 410: Torquato Tasso (1544-1595) was born at Sorrento.--T.]
[Footnote 411: Quintus Horatius Flaccus (B.C. 65-B.C. 8).--T.]
[Footnote 412: Titus Livius (B.C. 50--A.D. 17).--T.]
[Footnote 413: Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375), the author of the Decameron, lived at Naples from about 1330 to about 1341.--T.]
[Footnote 414: Jacopo Sannazaro (1458-1530), the Italian and Latin poet, was born and died at Naples.--T.]
[Footnote 415: Francesco Durante (1684-1755), the religious composer, born at Naples 15 March 1684, director of the Conservatory of Santa Maria di Loreto at Naples.--T.]
[Footnote 416: Domenico Cimarosa (1749-1801), composer of _Il Matrimonio segreto_, born at Aversa, near Naples, 17 December 1749.--T.]
[Footnote 417: Admiral Horatio Nelson, first Viscount Nelson (1758-1805), retired to Naples after the Battle of the Nile, in 1798, and remained there till 1800, when, on the expiration of Sir William Hamilton's embassy, he returned to England and received his peerage.--T.]
[Footnote 418: Emma Lady Hamilton (_circa_ 1761-1815), _née_ Hart, originally a servant-girl of great personal beauty and loose character, became mistress of, among many others, Charles Greville and Sir William Hamilton, whom she married on the death of his first wife and joined at Naples, where he was Envoy from 176410 1800, and finally of Nelson. Lady Hamilton played a great part at the Court of Naples as the intimate friend of Queen Maria Carolina. She died in distress.--T.]
[Footnote 419: The Posilipo contains the famous grotto, at the entrance of which Virgil's tomb stands, and is pierced by a subterranean road to Pozzuoli.--T.]
[Footnote 420: The correct date of Chateaubriand's excursion to Liternum is January 1804.--B.]
[Footnote 421: Scipio Africanus died and was buried at Liternum, now Torre di Patria, fourteen miles from Naples.--T.]
[Footnote 422: Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria (_circa_ 1015-1085), son of Tancred de Hauteville, succeeded his brother Humphrey as Count of Apulia in 1057, and became Duke of Apulia in 1059.--T.]
[Footnote 423: William I., first Norman Count of Apulia (_d._ 1046), surnamed Iron-arm, eldest son of Tancred de Hauteville.--T.]
[Footnote 424: Roger II. Count of Sicily, later Roger I. first King of the Two Sicilies (1093-1154), son of Roger I. Count of Sicily, twelfth son of Tancred de Hauteville. Roger became Duke of Apulia on the death of his cousin, William II. in 1127, and assumed the title of King of the Two Sicilies in 1130.--T.]
[Footnote 425: Tancred Prince of Galilee, later of Edessa (_d._ 1112), nephew of Robert Guiscard, and one of the most brilliant heroes of the first Crusade and of Tasso's _Gerusalemme Liberata._--T.]
[Footnote 426: Salerno.--T.]
[Footnote 427: Capri.--T.]
[Footnote 428: Ischia.--T.]
[Footnote 429: Procida.---T.]
[Footnote 430: Miseno.--T.]
[Footnote 431: Baja.--T.]
[Footnote 432: Naples.--T.]
[Footnote 433: CHATEAUBRIAND, _Les Martyrs_: